Indonesian Journal of Electrical
Engineer
ing and Computer Scien
ce
V
o
l. 9, N
o
. 2
,
Febr
u
ar
y 201
8, pp
.
26
7
~
26
8
ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.
11591/ijeecs
.v9.
i
2
.pp267-268
2
67
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: http://iaescore.c
om/jo
urnals/index.php/ijeecs
Effici
ent
and Secure Resource A
ll
ocati
o
n and Dat
a
F
orwarding
in Cellular Network
Sudh
a
Mishr
a
1
, A.
Ari
v
az
ha
ga
n
2
1
Res
ear
ch S
cho
l
ar, AM
E
T Unive
r
s
i
t
y
, Ch
e
nnai
2
A
ssoc
i
a
t
e
Profe
ssor,
A
MET
U
n
ive
r
sity
,
Che
n
na
i
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Oct 24, 2017
Rev
i
sed
D
ec 28
, 20
17
Accepte
d Ja
n 20, 2018
Data
s
haring
i
n
networks
a
re
n
o
w
d
ay
s
a
challen
g
ing
one
w
her
e
t
he
s
ource
is
sending a file to destination, m
aj
or problem
is
int
e
rferen
c
e
. O
nce
the rout
er is
set
to
s
ear
ch
f
or
a
p
ath
takes
too
time
for
iden
tif
ying
a
bette
r
path
t
o
transm
it
data
.
Th
e
perfor
m
ance
is
a
ff
ect
e
d
due
t
o
th
e
time
delay
of
s
ear
ch
ing
path
a
nd
the
interf
eren
ce
caus
e
d
at
a
los
s
o
r
i
nt
erruption
of
t
rans
m
i
s
s
i
o
n.
W
e
proposed
an
over
l
ay
r
ou
ter
which
search
b
etter
path
i
n
short
per
i
od
of
t
i
m
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
h
e
l
p
o
f
B
J
P
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
W
h
e
n
a
s
e
n
d
e
r
s
e
n
d
s
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
,
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
l
a
y
r
ou
ter
con
t
ac
t
with
B
J
P
r
outer
t
o
anal
yz
e
ex
is
ti
ng
path
u
sed
to
t
ransmit.
T
o
e
ns
ure
a
better
path
a
nd
low
tr
avel
ling
tim
e
w
ill
be
a
n
effi
cie
n
t
wa
y
to
s
har
e
the
data
between
s
ource
and
destin
ation
w
ithout
a
n
y
i
nterference,
l
ow
p
e
rformance
and
tim
e
del
a
y.
B
J
P
s
earches
t
he
e
xisting
rou
t
es
t
hat
will
b
e
l
ow
p
rocessing
t
i
m
e
t
o
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
s
e
n
t
b
y
the
source
a
n
d
r
eceiv
e
d
on
tim
e
by
t
he
destination.
W
henever
a
data
i
s
been
s
hared
be
t
w
een
t
h
e
s
e
t
wo:
source
a
nd
destination,
o
v
e
r
l
ay
ing
proto
c
ol
i
s
user
t
o
find
the
shortest
p
ath
among
the
existing
path
s
earch.
B
y
u
sing
ov
erlay
router
a
nd
BJP
router
t
h
e
perform
ance
is
i
ncre
as
ed,
av
oid
interf
eren
ce
,
path
i
den
tification
is
s
olved
w
ithin
s
hort
tim
e and
provid
e
a b
et
ter solu
tion
for th
e
curren
t
e
nvironm
ent.
K
eyw
ords
:
Base Statio
n
BJP Rou
t
er
Femto
cells
Sm
a
ll Ov
erlay Cells
C
a
bl
e M
o
dem
Copyright ©
201
8 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Su
dha
M
i
s
h
r
a,
Research Sc
h
olar,
AM
ET
Uni
v
er
sity
,
Ch
enn
a
i.
1.
INTRODUCTION
C
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
net
w
o
r
k
c
ont
ai
n
bee
n
a
m
arvel
o
us
c
om
m
e
rci
a
l
achi
evem
en
t
thro
ug
h
fa
r
the
m
o
st
e
fficient
way
to
i
m
p
rove
ove
rall
sys
t
e
m
capacity
h
as
b
ee
n
to
e
nha
nce
spat
ial
reuse
b
y
m
a
k
ing
cells
a
s
sm
a
ll
as
achi
e
va
bl
e
[
1
]
-
[
2]
.
Depl
oy
m
ore
o
p
erator-owne
d
b
ase
stations
(
B
Ss)
is
o
n
e
a
ppr
o
a
ch
t
o
r
e
du
cing
cell
sizes,
but
i
t
com
e
s
at
a
h
i
gh
rat
e
.
An
ot
he
r
a
p
p
r
o
ach
t
o
i
m
pro
v
i
ng
t
h
e
capaci
t
y
a
nd
i
n
d
o
o
r
c
ove
ra
ge
o
f
a
c
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
sy
st
em
i
s by
i
n
t
ro
duci
n
g
sm
all
ove
rl
ay
cel
l
s
,
cal
l
e
d fem
t
ocell
s
i
nt
o l
a
r
g
e
r
c
ove
ra
ge are
a m
acrocel
l
s
.
A fem
t
o
cell
B
S
(fBS) is a s
m
all
an
d
in
exp
e
nsiv
e cellu
lar BS wit
h bac
kha
ul
pr
ovi
de
d by
a broa
d
ba
n
d
access
net
w
ork,
s
uc
h
as
D
SL
o
r
cable
m
odem
.
F
e
m
tocells
a
llow
th
e
cellu
lar
op
erat
ors
to
i
m
p
rov
e
i
n
d
o
o
r
servi
ce
co
ve
ra
ge
w
i
t
h
out
m
uch
ad
di
t
i
onal
cost
[
3]
-
[
4]
.
De
spi
t
e
the
adva
ntages
o
f
fem
t
ocells,
there
are
some
chal
l
e
ng
es
a
ss
oci
a
t
e
d
wi
t
h
t
h
e
m
.
O
ne
i
ssue
i
s
i
nt
erfe
rence
m
a
na
gem
e
nt.
The
m
i
crocell
BS
i
s
operat
or-owne
d
a
n
d
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
e
d
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
f
B
S
m
a
y
b
e
c
u
s
t
o
m
e
r
-
o
w
n
e
d
a
n
d
i
s
u
s
u
a
l
l
y
d
epl
o
y
e
d
i
n
a
n
ad-
h
oc
f
as
hi
o
n
[5]
.
I
n
so
m
e
a
r
eas,
hu
ndr
ed
s
of
f
BSs
m
a
y
b
e
d
ep
lo
yed
w
ith
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
zone
o
f
a
single
m
acro
cell.
S
uch
depl
oy
m
e
nt
m
akes
i
nt
e
rfe
ren
ce
s
cena
r
ios
c
o
m
p
licated.
Fe
mtocells
n
eed
e
i
t
h
er
c
o
o
r
di
na
t
i
on
wi
t
h
s
u
r
r
o
un
di
n
g
macrocells.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
2502-
4
752
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
, Vol
.
9
,
N
o.
2
,
Fe
br
uar
y
20
1
8
:
2
67 – 268
26
8
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
e
s
o
n
t
h
i
s
p
o
i
n
t
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
ber
of
i
nf
rast
r
u
ct
u
r
e
n
odes
t
h
at
need
t
o
be
a
d
d
ed
i
n
o
r
der
t
o
m
ai
ntain
a
specific
prope
rty
in
t
h
e
ove
r
lay
routing.
W
e
de
fine
a
g
ene
r
al
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
prob
lem
called
th
e
Ov
erlay
Ro
u
ting
Resou
r
ce
Allo
ca
t
i
o
n
(OR
R
A)
p
r
obl
em
a
nd
st
udy
i
t
s
com
p
l
e
xi
t
y
.
It
t
ur
ns
o
ut
t
hat
t
h
e
p
r
obl
em
i
s
NP-
h
a
r
d
,
a
n
d
we
p
r
ese
n
t
a
n
ont
ri
vi
al
a
p
p
r
o
xi
m
a
t
i
on
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
for
it.
W
e
devel
o
p
a
ge
neral
al
gorithm
i
c
framework
t
hat
can
b
e
used
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
d
eal
w
ith
e
fficien
t
r
esource
al
l
o
cat
i
on
i
n
ove
rl
ay
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
1.
T
he
c
om
put
a
tion
a
l
co
m
p
lex
ity
i
s
red
u
c
ed
a
n
d
t
h
e
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce
i
s
i
ncrease
d
,
i
n
t
e
rfe
re
nce
i
s
a
voi
de
d.
A
n
a
l
y
zi
ng
ex
i
s
t
i
ng
pat
h
s
m
i
nim
i
zes
t
he
act
ual
pat
h
id
en
tificatio
n an
d redu
ces th
e
t
im
e t
a
ken f
o
r
pat
h
s
earc
h
.
Figure 1. Archi
t
ecture Diag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
p
ro
posed
system
3.
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The
com
put
at
i
onal
c
o
m
p
l
e
xi
ty
i
s
reduce
d
a
nd
t
h
e
pe
rf
orm
a
nce
i
s
increas
ed,
interfe
r
enc
e
i
s
avoide
d.
Anal
y
z
i
n
g e
x
i
s
t
i
ng
pat
h
s
m
i
nim
i
zes t
he act
u
a
l
pat
h
i
de
nt
i
f
i
cat
i
on a
n
d re
duces t
he tim
e taken for pat
h
s
earch.
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
We
h
ave
disc
ussed
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
allenge
s
of
i
ntroducing
f
em
toce
lls
c
o
e
x
i
sten
t
with
c
urren
t
cellu
lar
net
w
or
k.
W
e
have
u
sed
a
p
r
ot
ocol
m
odel
an
d
a
ra
nd
o
m
c
onfl
i
c
t
gr
a
p
h
to
d
esc
r
ibe
the
s
p
ectrum
re
use
pr
o
b
l
e
m
.
W
e
t
h
en
a
ppl
i
e
d
ra
nd
om
g
ra
ph
t
h
e
ory
t
o
a
nal
y
ze
t
h
e
p
r
o
bl
em
,
deri
vi
n
g
u
p
p
e
r
a
n
d
l
owe
r
b
ou
nds
o
n
t
h
e
num
ber
of
r
es
ou
rce
bl
oc
ks
r
eq
ui
re
d
t
o
s
at
i
s
fy
m
i
n
im
al
a
ssi
g
nm
ent
requirem
ents
f
or
t
he
n
et
work.
We
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
heu
r
istic
a
lg
orith
m
to
g
en
erate
n
u
m
erical
r
esu
lts
t
o
com
p
are
against
the
th
eor
e
tic
b
ou
nd
s.
F
or
sp
lit reuse, t
h
e
u
pp
er b
oun
d g
i
v
e
s a goo
d estimate o
n
the n
u
m
b
e
r of
r
es
ou
r
ce bl
oc
ks
re
qui
red
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Chandrasekhar
V.,
et a
l
.
, “Femtocell networks: a survey
,”
IEEE Communications
magazine
, vol/issue: 46(9), 2008
.
[2]
Simonsson
A.,
“Frequency
r
e
use
a
nd
int
e
rce
ll
i
n
terfer
e
nc
e
co-o
r
dination
in
E
-
U
TRA,”
in
Vehicular Technolog
y
Confer
enc
e
,
pp. 3091-3095, 200
7.
[3]
Ro
y
S
.
K
.,
et al.
,
“An
efficient
design
of
s
erial
and
parallel
m
emory
using
Quan
tum
dot
cellular
autom
a
t
a
,
”
in
TENCON,
pp
.
1-4, 2015.
[4]
Ho
L
.
T.
a
nd
Claussen
H.,
“Effects
of
u
ser-d
eplo
y
e
d
,
c
o
-
channel
f
em
tocel
ls
on
the
ca
ll
dro
p
p
robabi
lit
y
in
a
residential scen
ario,” in
Personal, Indoor and
Mo
bile Radio
Communications,
pp. 1-5, 2007.
[5]
N
.
A
.
M
.
A
l
d
u
a
i
s
,
et a
l
.
,
“
E
nhanced
P
a
y
load
D
at
a
Reduction
App
r
oach
f
or
C
lu
s
t
er
H
ead
(
C
H)
Nodes,”
TELKOMNIKA (
T
eleco
mmunication Co
mputing Electronics and Con
t
rol)
, vol/issue: 15(3
)
, 2017
.
Service provider
O
v
er
la
y
ro
u
t
er
Br
ow
se and
sen
d
files to
d
e
stin
at
io
n
Assign m
ake or
chan
g
es
in
p
at
h c
o
s
t
Send
files to
part
i
c
ul
a
r
d
e
stin
ation
Select all rou
tin
g p
a
t
h
det
a
i
l
s
an
d
pos
si
bl
e
cost details
BGP rou
t
er
En
d
user
Calculate short
e
st
p
a
th
sou
rce to
d
e
stin
ation
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