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~
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115
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t
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m
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an
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.
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agi
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ak
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ow
n v
o
l
t
ag
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of
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m
eas
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f
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t
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oc
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l
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w
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nc
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of
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r
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C
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t
©
2
01
7
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
A
d
v
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c
e
d
E
n
g
i
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a
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S
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.
A
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l
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t
s r
es
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ved
.
1
.
I
n
tr
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
C
abl
e pl
a
y
s
a
v
i
t
a
l
r
ol
e t
o
t
r
ans
m
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t
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t
r
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t
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par
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or
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m
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ul
f
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l
l
t
he
c
ons
um
er
s
dem
and
[
1]
.
T
her
e
ar
e
m
an
y
t
y
p
es
of
c
ab
l
es
us
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
p
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w
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k
s
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w
i
l
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d
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er
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e
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c
or
di
n
g
t
o
t
h
ei
r
v
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on
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e,
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us
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ge
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f
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ges
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l
s
o ha
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ed
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(
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E
t
h
y
l
en
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P
r
o
p
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l
e
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ubb
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P
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m
at
er
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al
w
as
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d
b
y
X
LP
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as
a
ne
w
al
t
er
nat
i
v
e
w
a
y
[
2
]
.
E
ac
h
of
t
hem
ha
v
e
t
he
i
r
o
w
n
s
pec
i
al
c
har
ac
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
t
h
at
l
at
er
w
i
l
l
b
e c
hos
e
n b
y
c
o
ns
u
m
er
s
bas
ed on
t
h
ei
r
s
pec
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
ns
.
XL
PE
c
abl
es
c
an
o
per
at
e
at
c
ond
uc
t
or
nor
m
al
t
em
per
at
ur
e
of
90
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C
,
w
i
t
h
1
30
0
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h
e
em
er
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ondi
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d 250
0
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f
or
s
hor
t
c
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ui
t
c
ondi
t
i
o
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[
3
]
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H
o
w
e
v
er
,
t
he c
ab
l
e i
ns
ul
at
i
o
n m
a
y
det
er
i
or
at
e
du
e m
an
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f
ac
t
or
s
s
uc
h as
el
ec
t
r
i
c
s
t
r
es
s
an
d t
her
m
al
s
t
r
es
s
ov
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t
he
l
i
f
et
i
m
e t
hat
c
a
n
r
educ
e t
h
e d
i
e
l
ec
t
r
i
c
s
t
r
en
g
t
h.
H
i
gh
V
o
l
t
a
ge (
H
V
)
c
ab
l
e i
s
t
he m
os
t
s
i
gni
f
i
c
ant
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qu
i
pm
ent
i
n t
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on l
i
n
e and
di
s
t
r
i
b
ut
i
on
n
et
w
or
k
.
T
hus
,
t
he
h
i
gh
v
o
l
t
ag
e
c
abl
e
m
us
t
al
w
a
y
s
be
i
n
go
od
c
on
di
t
i
on.
T
he
y
m
us
t
hav
e s
t
r
ong d
ur
ab
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
w
i
t
hs
t
and s
t
r
es
s
and s
ho
ul
d n
ot
be t
or
n
i
n s
hor
t
p
er
i
o
d of
t
i
m
e
[
4
]
.
H
ig
h
v
o
l
t
ag
e i
n
dus
t
r
y
no
w
i
s
f
r
equent
l
y
f
ac
i
ng pr
o
bl
em
t
o de
t
er
m
i
ne t
he s
ui
t
ab
l
e s
t
r
eng
t
h c
apab
i
l
i
t
y
of
c
abl
e
t
o be us
ed at
pr
op
er
pl
ac
e.
R
es
ear
c
hes
h
av
e be
en c
o
nduc
t
ed
b
y
m
an
y
gr
oups
o
n
dev
el
opi
n
g t
he d
i
f
f
er
ent
t
ec
hni
q
ues
an
d t
es
t
s
on t
es
t
i
ng t
he pr
o
per
t
i
es
of
c
abl
es
bef
or
e t
he
c
abl
es
ar
e b
ei
n
g i
ns
t
al
l
ed i
n t
he i
ndus
t
r
i
es
,
i
n o
per
at
i
n
g c
ondi
t
i
o
n of
c
abl
es
i
n t
h
e i
nd
us
t
r
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n
f
i
el
d t
es
t
s
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d dur
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ng t
he p
os
t
m
or
t
em
of
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abl
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w
i
t
h f
ai
l
ur
es
.
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t
s
hav
e be
e
n c
onduc
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o
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al
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h
e t
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er
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.
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hi
s
t
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t
o t
he bet
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er
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l
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d s
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v
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c
es
i
n t
he
i
nd
us
t
r
i
es
i
n t
he f
u
t
ur
e.
Moham
m
ed
H
an
i
f
pr
opos
e
s
“
P
r
i
nc
i
p
l
es
and
A
pp
l
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c
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o
ns
of
I
ns
ul
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on
T
es
t
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g
w
i
t
h
D
C
”
w
her
e
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d
i
s
c
us
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ed an
d
des
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be
d t
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e c
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on i
ns
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at
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,
t
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app
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c
at
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on
an
d
des
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r
ab
l
e
pr
o
per
t
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[
5]
.
T
he
pr
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t
us
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s
ev
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a
l
t
y
p
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of
t
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as
T
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T
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T
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t
and
D
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s
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B
as
e
d
T
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t
.
A
l
l
of
t
he
t
es
t
s
t
hat
ha
v
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b
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ar
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4
752
I
J
E
EC
S
V
o
l.
8
,
N
o.
1
,
O
c
t
o
ber
20
17
:
1
77
–
1
83
178
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
i
ns
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at
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on f
ai
l
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t
o
t
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t
t
he
qu
al
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t
i
es
of
t
he c
a
bl
es
i
ns
u
l
at
i
o
ns
.
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pr
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t
s
ho
w
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t
hat
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b
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annot
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Y
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C
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ei
r
pa
per
“
A
nal
y
s
i
s
f
or
A
C
V
o
l
t
a
ge W
i
t
hs
t
and
T
es
t
of
H
V
X
LP
E
P
o
w
er
C
abl
e”
di
s
c
us
s
ed
on
ho
w
ef
f
ec
t
i
v
e
t
h
e
A
C
v
ol
t
ag
e
w
i
t
hs
t
and
t
es
t
w
er
e
on ex
p
os
i
ng
a
l
l
pot
e
nt
i
al
de
f
ec
t
s
i
n c
abl
es
[
6]
.
T
he pr
oj
ec
t
s
w
er
e
w
or
k
i
ng
on t
o f
i
n
d an
d an
al
y
z
e
an
y
d
ef
ec
t
t
hat
m
a
y
be a
b
l
e t
o oc
c
ur
dur
i
ng t
h
e op
er
at
i
n
g,
an
d i
nc
r
eas
i
ng
v
ol
t
a
ges
ar
e bei
ng
i
nj
ec
t
ed
i
nt
o t
he
c
abl
e s
am
pl
es
.
M
.
S
haf
i
q,
M.
Le
ht
o
ne
n,
M.
I
s
a
and
L.
K
ut
t
h
av
e
des
i
g
ned s
om
e
t
es
t
s
f
or
t
hei
r
“
O
nl
i
ne P
a
r
t
i
al
D
i
s
c
har
ge
D
i
ag
nos
t
i
c
s
i
n Med
i
um
V
ol
t
ag
e
B
r
anc
hed
C
abl
e
N
et
w
or
k
s
”
pr
oj
ec
t
w
her
e t
he pr
oj
ec
t
pr
es
ent
e
d a t
ec
hni
que on
l
oc
al
i
z
i
n
g par
t
i
al
di
s
c
har
ge f
or
br
anc
he
d
c
abl
e
n
et
w
or
k
[
7]
.
D
ue
t
o
a
dv
anc
e
e
qu
i
pm
ent
,
t
he
pr
oj
ec
t
has
c
ond
u
c
t
ed
a
t
es
t
t
hat
w
as
ab
l
e
t
o
det
ec
t
t
h
e
l
oc
a
t
i
on
of
t
h
e
p
ar
t
i
a
l
di
s
c
har
g
e
al
ong
t
h
e
br
a
nc
hed
c
ab
l
e
net
w
or
k
.
T
hi
s
pr
oj
ec
t
s
how
ed t
ha
t
t
he
onl
i
ne d
i
s
c
har
ge d
et
er
m
i
nat
i
o
n c
an be us
ed as
a
pr
ev
en
t
at
i
v
e
m
ai
nt
enanc
e
t
oo
l
f
or
c
abl
e
s
y
s
t
em
.
C
abl
e
t
es
t
s
ar
e
s
ol
u
t
i
o
ns
t
hat
de
l
i
v
er
i
nf
or
m
at
i
on
a
nd
dat
a
f
r
om
anal
y
s
i
s
of
t
h
e
c
abl
es
t
hat
m
eas
ur
e t
he c
ond
i
t
i
on
of
t
he c
abl
es
w
h
et
h
er
t
he
c
abl
es
ar
e i
n g
oo
d c
ond
i
t
i
on
t
o be us
e
d i
n
t
he t
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on of
el
ec
t
r
i
c
al
po
w
er
.
H
enc
e f
r
om
t
hi
s
poi
nt
of
i
nt
er
pr
et
at
i
on,
t
he br
eak
do
w
n
s
t
r
engt
h of
X
LP
E
i
ns
ul
at
i
on
t
y
pe of
c
abl
e
s
ar
e
t
o be i
nv
es
t
i
ga
t
ed i
n or
der
t
o s
pec
i
f
y
t
he
di
el
ec
t
r
i
c
s
t
r
engt
hs
a
nd
br
eak
do
w
n v
ol
t
a
ges
u
nder
di
f
f
er
ent
s
et
t
i
ng of
t
em
per
at
ur
e.
T
hi
s
r
es
ear
c
h and s
t
ud
y
c
o
ul
d
pr
o
v
i
d
e m
an
y
p
ot
e
nt
i
al
benef
i
t
s
es
pec
i
a
l
l
y
t
o h
i
g
h
v
ol
t
a
ge
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
It
w
i
l
l
ben
ef
i
t
t
he
i
ndus
t
r
y
m
os
t
l
y
o
n
ec
onom
i
c
al
as
p
ec
t
s
t
h
a
t
w
il
l
g
i
v
e
e
nhanc
e
pr
of
i
t
s
t
o
t
he i
ndus
t
r
y,
w
h
e
n
t
he
c
abl
e
’
s
dur
ab
i
l
i
t
y
and a
gi
n
g c
ondi
t
i
o
ns
w
er
e obt
ai
n
e
d,
s
o t
he
y
c
a
n
m
a
k
e pr
edi
c
t
i
on on t
he c
a
bl
e
’
s
l
i
f
e ex
pec
t
a
nc
y
.
O
t
h
e
r
t
han t
hat
,
t
he f
i
nd
i
ngs
of
t
hi
s
r
es
ear
c
h
c
oul
d
pr
o
v
i
de
bas
el
i
n
e
i
n
f
or
m
at
i
on
t
o
f
ut
ur
e
r
es
ear
c
her
s
on
t
he
pr
o
per
t
i
es
of
br
e
ak
dow
n
s
t
r
engt
h
of
X
LP
E
t
y
pe
of
i
n
s
ul
at
i
on
c
a
bl
e
i
n
r
egar
d
t
o
t
he
a
gi
n
g
of
t
hes
e
c
a
bl
es
.
T
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
w
i
l
l
hel
p t
hem
r
ev
eal
pr
o
bl
em
s
and s
ol
ut
i
o
ns
t
hat
m
os
t
o
f
t
he ot
her
r
es
ear
c
her
s
w
e
r
e not
abl
e t
o
di
s
c
ov
er
.
T
o
m
a
k
e
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
,
t
her
e
ar
e
4 goa
l
s
t
hat
m
us
t
be ac
hi
ev
e
d
at
t
he
end of
s
t
ud
y
.
F
i
r
s
t
i
s
t
he c
ab
l
e t
e
s
t
des
i
gn
ed t
o
be ef
f
ec
t
i
v
e
t
o t
es
t
t
he
br
eak
do
w
n s
t
r
engt
h of
c
abl
e
s
a
m
pl
es
.
S
ec
on
dl
y
,
t
o d
e
t
er
m
i
ne t
he br
eak
do
w
n s
t
r
engt
h of
X
LP
E
i
ns
ul
at
i
on
t
y
pe of
hi
g
h
v
o
l
t
ag
e
c
abl
es
under
d
i
f
f
er
ent
t
em
pe
r
at
ur
es
,
an
d
t
o
det
er
m
i
ne
t
he
a
gi
ng
ef
f
ec
t
of
X
LP
E
i
ns
ul
at
i
on
of
hi
gh
v
ol
t
age c
abl
es
[
8]
.
T
heor
i
es
s
t
at
e
d t
hat
t
h
e d
ec
r
eas
e i
n br
e
ak
do
w
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e f
or
X
LP
E
c
a
bl
e
s
am
pl
es
as
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e
k
eep
i
nc
r
eas
i
n
g
i
s
gen
er
al
l
y
as
s
um
ed
t
o
b
e
t
he
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
dw
i
nd
l
i
n
g
a
gi
ng
i
n
X
LP
E
i
ns
u
l
at
i
on
s
am
pl
es
.
L
as
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
v
al
ue
of
par
t
i
a
l
d
i
s
c
har
ges
w
as
det
er
m
i
ned d
ur
i
n
g t
h
e br
e
a
k
dow
n t
es
t
s
of
t
he c
ab
l
es
.
2.
R
e
sea
r
ch
M
et
h
o
d
2.
1
E
xp
e
r
i
m
en
t
1:
C
ab
l
e T
est
T
he c
abl
e s
am
pl
es
us
ed
i
n
t
he c
ab
l
e
t
es
t
s
w
er
e J
o
y
s
e
ns
e
R
ar
e
E
ar
t
h
A
l
um
i
ni
um
X
LP
E
c
abl
es
s
i
z
ed
240
m
m
2
and
195 m
m
2
s
i
ngl
e c
or
e
d u
nar
m
our
ed,
r
at
ed
at
0.
6/
1 k
V
.
T
he l
e
ngt
h of
t
he c
abl
e s
am
pl
es
w
er
e 2
m
l
ong.
A
c
abl
e t
es
t
t
ec
h
ni
q
ue
w
as
des
i
gne
d i
n t
h
e
H
i
gh V
ol
t
age
Labor
at
or
y
,
F
ac
u
l
t
y
of
E
l
ec
t
r
i
c
al
E
ngi
neer
i
ng
,
U
i
T
M,
S
hah A
l
am
.
T
he A
C
i
ns
ul
at
i
on c
abl
e t
es
t
w
as
c
ar
r
i
ed o
ut
t
o
det
er
m
i
ne t
he br
eak
dow
n
v
ol
t
ag
e or
t
he
di
el
ec
t
r
i
c
s
t
r
engt
h of
t
he c
ab
l
e
i
ns
ul
at
i
on
w
he
n
i
nc
r
eas
i
ng
v
o
l
t
a
ges
w
er
e
i
nj
ec
t
ed
t
o
t
he
c
a
bl
e
s
am
pl
e.
I
n
t
h
i
s
e
x
per
i
m
ent
,
t
he
w
hol
e 2 m
c
abl
e
w
as
us
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
EC
S
IS
S
N
:
2
502
-
4
752
T
C
abl
e T
es
t
and
B
r
eak
d
o
w
n V
ol
t
age
D
et
er
mi
nat
i
on
of
J
oy
s
ens
e
…
(
Muha
mm
ad
bi
n
Y
a
hy
a
)
179
(
a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
1.
(
a)
S
c
hem
at
i
c
di
a
gr
am
of
C
abl
e T
es
t
s
et
up
i
n H
i
gh
V
o
l
t
ag
e L
abor
a
t
or
y
(
b)
A
c
t
ua
l
C
a
bl
e T
es
t
s
et
u
p i
n
H
i
gh
V
o
l
t
ag
e L
abor
a
t
or
y
T
he s
t
ar
t
i
ng
A
C
v
o
l
t
a
ge
w
as
5 k
V
w
i
t
h
i
nc
r
em
ent
of
1 k
V
ev
er
y
10 s
ec
on
ds
unt
i
l
br
eak
dow
n
w
as
r
eac
he
d.
T
hi
s
t
es
t
w
as
p
er
f
or
m
ed
on
t
he
2
40m
m
2
c
abl
e
a
nd
r
e
p
eat
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
195 m
m
2
c
abl
e.
R
es
u
l
t
s
w
e
r
e t
abu
l
at
ed.
T
h
e onl
i
n
e par
t
i
al
di
s
c
har
g
es
t
es
t
i
s
a t
ec
hni
que f
or
m
eas
ur
i
ng t
he dam
aged
t
hat
has
t
ak
en
pl
ac
e
i
n
t
he
i
ns
ul
at
i
o
n
of
t
he
c
abl
e
w
hen
t
he
i
n
s
ul
at
i
on
r
eac
hed
i
t
s
m
ax
i
mum
br
ea
k
dow
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e.
T
he
s
am
pl
e c
ab
l
e t
hat
w
a
s
i
nj
ec
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
i
nc
r
ea
s
i
ng
v
o
l
t
a
ges
un
t
i
l
i
t
s
br
eak
do
w
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e
r
eac
hed ha
s
bee
n t
a
ppe
d
w
i
t
h e
ar
t
h
ed
w
i
r
e o
n t
h
e
out
er
i
ns
u
l
at
i
o
n,
and
t
he
on
l
i
n
e p
ar
t
i
al
di
s
c
har
ges
r
e
adi
ng
ca
n
be
r
ec
or
ded
a
t
t
he
ex
ac
t
m
o
m
ent
of
t
he
br
eak
do
w
n
of
t
he
i
ns
u
l
at
i
o
n
of
t
he c
ab
l
e
.
T
he r
ea
di
ng of
t
he o
nl
i
ne
par
t
i
al
di
s
c
har
ges
w
i
l
l
d
et
er
m
i
ne
w
h
et
he
r
t
he
c
ab
l
e i
s
qua
l
i
f
i
ed
f
or
t
he r
ea
l
o
per
at
i
on i
n t
h
e
d
is
t
r
ib
u
t
i
o
n
n
et
w
or
k
.
2
.
2
E
x
p
e
r
m
e
n
t 2
:
S
e
p
a
r
a
t
e
I
n
s
u
l
a
ti
o
n
T
e
s
t a
t D
i
ffe
r
e
n
t T
e
m
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
s
T
he
J
o
y
s
e
ns
e R
ar
e
E
ar
t
h
A
l
um
i
ni
um
11 k
V
X
LP
E
c
abl
e
s
am
pl
e
w
as
us
e
d i
n t
hi
s
i
ns
ul
at
i
on t
es
t
.
T
he
i
ns
u
l
at
i
on
of
t
he 1
1 k
V
c
abl
e
w
as
c
ut
i
nt
o 5 c
m
l
ong s
ec
t
i
ons
.
T
hen,
t
he P
V
C
out
er
c
ab
l
e
w
as
r
em
ov
ed
f
i
r
s
t
f
ol
l
o
w
ed
b
y
t
he a
l
u
m
i
ni
um
s
hi
el
d
,
s
em
i
-
c
onduc
t
or
l
a
y
er
a
nd
c
onduc
t
or
.
O
n
l
y
t
h
e i
ns
ul
at
i
on l
a
y
er
an
d c
on
duc
t
or
s
h
i
el
d
w
as
l
ef
t
.
N
ex
t
,
t
he
s
am
pl
es
w
er
e
pl
a
c
ed
in
hot
pr
es
s
m
ac
hi
ne
f
or
5
m
i
nut
es
at
pr
es
s
ur
e
of
1000
P
s
i
a
nd t
em
per
at
ur
e s
et
t
i
n
g of
90
o
C
.
T
hi
s
pr
oc
ed
ur
e
w
as
per
f
or
m
ed at
P
ol
y
m
e
r
l
abor
a
t
or
y
of
F
ac
ul
t
y
of
C
hem
i
c
al
E
ng
i
n
eer
i
n
g
,
U
iT
M
.
A
f
t
er
t
he
pr
o
c
es
s
ended,
al
l
of
t
h
e s
am
pl
es
c
ha
nge
d
f
r
om
c
y
li
n
d
r
ic
a
l
s
ha
pe
t
o
p
l
at
e
-
l
i
k
e s
hape.
N
ex
t
,
t
h
e
s
am
pl
es
w
er
e
pl
a
c
ed
at
hot
pr
es
s
m
ac
hi
ne
f
or
5
m
i
nut
es
a
t
pr
es
s
ur
e
of
100
0
P
s
i
an
d
t
em
per
at
ur
e
s
et
t
i
n
g
of
90
o
C
bot
h
of
t
hem
w
a
s
t
r
i
m
m
ed
b
y
us
i
ng
k
ni
f
e.
T
her
e ar
e f
our
s
a
m
pl
es
o
v
er
a
l
l
w
h
i
c
h c
an
be c
a
t
eg
or
i
z
ed
i
nt
o
t
w
o.
F
i
r
s
t
c
at
e
g
or
y
i
s
t
h
e
s
t
a
nd
al
one
XL
PE
(
S
am
pl
e 1)
w
h
i
l
e t
h
e ot
her
i
s
t
he X
LP
E
s
am
pl
e
w
i
t
h
P
V
C
c
ov
er
(
S
am
pl
e 2)
.
(
a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
2.
(
a)
X
L
P
E
c
ut
s
am
pl
e (
S
am
pl
e 1)
,
(
b)
X
L
P
E
w
i
t
h
P
V
C
c
ov
er
c
ut
s
am
pl
e (
S
am
pl
e 2)
S
am
pl
e 1
and
S
am
pl
e
2
r
eq
ui
r
ed
a
s
p
ec
i
al
d
i
e
l
ec
t
r
i
c
t
es
t
.
S
i
nc
e
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
ent
r
equi
r
e
d
bot
h
e
l
ec
t
r
i
c
a
l
s
t
r
es
s
and
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e
s
t
r
es
s
,
a
s
ui
t
abl
e
A
C
br
eak
do
w
n
t
es
t
w
as
us
ed
f
or
t
he ex
per
i
m
ent
.
T
he s
a
m
pl
es
w
er
e
w
ar
m
ed up t
o
30
o
C
,
50
o
C
an
d 70
o
C
.
W
hi
l
e
w
a
i
t
i
ng f
or
t
he
s
a
m
pl
e t
o
r
e
ac
h s
p
ec
i
f
i
c
t
em
per
at
ur
e
v
a
l
ue
,
t
he
pr
epar
at
i
o
n
of
A
C
br
eak
do
w
n
t
es
t
w
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4
752
I
J
E
EC
S
V
o
l.
8
,
N
o.
1
,
O
c
t
o
ber
20
17
:
1
77
–
1
83
180
per
f
or
m
ed.
O
nc
e i
t
h
ad
r
e
ac
hed t
he
r
e
qui
r
e
d t
em
per
at
ur
e,
t
he s
am
pl
e
w
as
br
o
ught
di
r
ec
t
l
y
t
o
per
f
or
m
A
C
br
eak
do
w
n t
es
t
.
A
l
l
of
t
h
e pr
oc
e
dur
es
w
er
e
per
f
or
m
ed at
H
i
gh
V
o
l
t
a
ge
l
ab
or
at
or
y
.
F
i
gur
e 3.
P
r
epar
a
t
i
o
n B
ef
or
e C
on
duc
t
i
ng
A
C
B
r
eak
do
w
n T
es
t
of
t
he s
am
pl
es
A
l
l
t
he s
am
pl
es
i
n
A
C
br
e
ak
dow
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e
t
es
t
w
er
e
t
o be
c
on
duc
t
ed
b
y
us
i
ng
s
pec
i
al
equ
i
pm
ent
pr
epar
at
i
on.
A
poi
nt
-
pl
ane e
l
ec
t
r
od
e and
t
w
o guar
d
r
i
ngs
i
nc
l
u
di
ng
s
c
r
ew
s
w
er
e
us
ed.
T
he
po
i
nt
-
p
l
an
e
e
l
ec
t
r
ode
w
as
at
t
ac
he
d
o
n
t
op
of
t
he
s
am
pl
e
and
be
i
n
g
s
and
w
i
c
hed
b
y
t
he g
uar
d r
i
ngs
a
nd t
he
n s
c
r
ew
ed u
p t
o
ens
ur
e
t
her
e a
r
e no ex
c
es
s
a
i
r
f
l
o
w
at
t
he
s
a
m
pl
e
.
T
he t
i
m
e
f
or
v
ol
t
ag
e i
nj
ec
t
io
n
w
as
s
et
t
o 15 s
ec
on
d
s
f
or
ev
er
y
i
nc
r
em
ent
of
1 k
V
t
o
ens
ur
e t
he
pr
op
er
v
o
l
t
ag
e t
r
ans
f
er
t
hr
oug
h
t
h
e
s
am
pl
e
.
S
am
pl
e 1
an
d
S
am
pl
e 2
w
er
e s
ubj
ec
t
ed
t
o c
om
bi
nat
i
on
of
el
ec
t
r
i
c
al
s
t
r
es
s
and
t
her
m
al
s
t
r
es
s
.
T
he m
eas
ur
e
m
ent
s
w
er
e
c
onduc
t
e
d at
30oC
,
50
oC
a
nd 7
0oC
ac
c
or
di
n
g
l
y
.
T
he
A
C
b
r
eak
dow
n v
o
l
t
a
ge dat
a
under
di
f
f
er
ent
t
em
per
at
ur
e
w
er
e r
ec
or
ded
and
ana
l
y
s
ed.
T
her
m
al
agi
ng
pr
oc
edur
e
had t
o
be per
f
or
m
ed
on al
l
of
t
he s
am
pl
es
w
i
t
h dur
a
t
i
on
of
t
hr
ee da
y
s
.
T
he
T
e
m
per
at
ur
e (
and hum
i
di
t
y
)
C
h
am
ber
,
P
l
at
i
n
ous
J
s
er
i
es
t
y
p
e
w
as
u
s
ed t
o
c
onduc
t
t
h
e a
gi
ng t
es
t
.
V
ar
i
ous
t
em
per
at
ur
e s
et
t
i
n
g c
a
n be s
e
t
i
n a
da
y
.
T
he c
ha
m
ber
w
as
s
et
at
30oC
f
or
t
h
e f
i
r
s
t
s
i
x
hou
r
s
and be
i
n
g i
nc
r
eas
ed
i
n
t
hr
ee
hour
s
t
o r
eac
h 6
0
oC
.
T
hen,
t
he
t
em
per
at
ur
e
w
as
k
e
pt
s
t
eadi
l
y
at
60o
C
f
or
anot
her
s
i
x
hour
s
.
T
he
n
t
he
t
em
per
at
ur
e
w
as
r
educ
ed t
o
40oC
a
t
a
s
t
eady
r
at
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
hr
e
e h
our
s
and
k
ept
c
o
ns
t
ant
f
or
a
not
her
si
x h
o
u
r
s.
T
he c
y
c
l
e
w
as
t
o
be r
e
p
eat
e
d f
or
ano
t
her
t
w
o
da
y
s
.
T
he
s
am
e A
C
br
e
ak
do
w
n t
es
t
w
as
per
f
or
m
ed on
t
he
s
am
pl
es
af
t
er
t
he
t
hr
e
e
da
y
s
ag
i
n
g
pr
oc
es
s
,
a
nd t
he
r
es
ul
t
s
w
er
e
r
ec
or
d
ed
and ana
l
y
z
e
d.
3.
R
e
su
l
t
s an
d
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
R
es
ul
t
s
of
t
he
r
es
ear
c
h
f
r
om
t
he
abo
v
e
ex
per
i
m
ent
s
w
er
e
t
ab
ul
at
ed
and
a
na
l
y
z
ed
an
d
di
s
c
us
s
ed.
3.
1.
E
xp
e
r
i
m
en
t
1:
C
ab
l
e
T
est
R
esu
l
t
s
T
abl
e
1
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
t
he
br
e
a
k
dow
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e
of
t
he
c
ab
l
e
ha
d
d
ec
r
eas
e
d
as
t
h
e
t
es
t
w
as
r
epeat
ed.
T
hi
s
hap
pen
ed
w
hen
t
he
ear
t
h
e
d
wi
r
e
wa
s
pl
ac
ed
at
t
he
s
am
e
p
os
i
t
i
on
t
hr
oug
hou
t
t
he
t
es
t
.
W
hen
t
he
e
ar
t
h
e
d
wi
r
e
wa
s
t
a
ppe
d
a
t
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
ent
par
t
s
of
t
he
ou
t
er
i
ns
ul
at
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
c
abl
e
(
f
or
ex
am
pl
e
,
at
t
h
e m
i
ddl
e
of
t
he
c
ab
l
e)
,
t
he br
eak
dow
n
v
o
l
t
a
ge
of
t
he
i
ns
u
l
at
i
on
r
em
ai
ned
t
he
s
am
e v
al
u
e
,
w
hi
c
h
wa
s
ar
ou
nd
21
k
V.
T
abl
e 1.
AC
c
ab
l
e
t
es
t
br
ea
k
dow
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e
r
e
s
u
lt
Te
s
t
S
am
ple 1 (
K
V
)
S
am
ple
2
(KV)
1
21.
35
20.
6
2
20.
52
19.
77
3
19.
68
18.
53
4
14.
00
13.
76
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
EC
S
IS
S
N
:
2
502
-
4
752
T
C
abl
e T
es
t
and
B
r
eak
d
o
w
n V
ol
t
age
D
et
er
mi
nat
i
on
of
J
oy
s
ens
e
…
(
Muha
mm
ad
bi
n
Y
a
hy
a
)
181
S
am
pl
e 1:
240
mm
2
0.
6/
1K
V
s
i
n
gl
e c
or
e un
ar
m
our
ed
c
abl
e
w
i
t
h
X
LP
E
,
b
i
nd
i
n
g
t
ape
and
out
er
s
hea
t
h
i
ns
ul
at
i
o
n
S
am
pl
e 2:
19
5
mm
2
0.
6/
1K
V
s
i
n
gl
e c
or
e
unar
m
our
ed
c
abl
e
w
i
t
h X
L
P
E
,
b
i
nd
i
ng
t
ape
and
out
er
s
hea
t
h
i
ns
ul
at
i
o
n
T
abl
e
2
s
ho
w
ed
t
he
r
e
a
di
n
gs
of
t
he
o
nl
i
ne
p
a
r
t
ia
l
di
s
c
h
ar
ge
m
eas
ur
ed
.
A
l
l
t
he
r
eadi
ngs
w
er
e
t
ak
en dur
i
ng t
he br
eak
do
w
n v
ol
t
ag
e of
eac
h t
es
t
.
T
he hi
ghes
t
par
t
i
al
di
s
c
har
ges
r
ea
di
ngs
we
r
e
r
ec
or
ded a
t
t
he f
i
r
s
t
t
es
t
f
or
bot
h c
a
bl
es
w
i
t
h
279
pC
f
or
t
he s
am
pl
e
1
and
280
pC
f
or
t
he
s
am
pl
e
2.
A
s
t
he
t
es
t
s
w
er
e
r
ep
eat
e
d
,
t
he
r
ead
i
ngs
of
t
he
onl
i
ne
par
t
i
al
di
s
c
har
ges
w
er
e
o
bs
er
v
e
d
t
o
be
dec
r
eas
i
ng
s
l
i
ght
l
y
w
i
t
h
t
he
l
o
w
es
t
r
ead
i
n
g
bei
ng
266
pC
f
or
s
a
m
pl
e 1
w
i
t
h t
h
e br
eak
do
w
n
v
o
l
t
a
ge r
ec
or
d
ed
at
1
4.
00 k
V
,
a
nd
265
pC
f
or
s
a
m
pl
e 2
at
13.
7
6 k
V
.
T
abl
e 2.
AC
c
a
b
le
P
a
r
t
ia
l
D
i
s
c
har
ge
r
e
s
u
lt
Te
s
t
S
am
ple 1 (
pC
)
S
am
ple
2
(
pC
)
1
279
280
2
270
270
3
269
268
4
266
265
I
t
c
an
b
e
s
een
t
ha
t
t
he
on
l
i
ne
par
t
i
a
l
d
i
s
c
har
ges
c
an
b
e
s
ai
d
t
o
b
e
t
h
e
s
am
e
f
or
bot
h
s
a
m
pl
es
t
hr
oug
h t
he ex
p
e
r
i
m
ent
s
a
nd
t
he v
a
l
ues
l
ie
bet
w
ee
n 28
0
-
265
pC
.
T
hes
e v
a
l
ues
pr
ov
i
de
a go
od i
nd
i
c
at
i
on
of
t
he c
abl
e
i
ns
u
l
at
i
on
,
as
t
he l
i
m
i
t
v
al
ues
of
ac
c
ept
abl
e l
e
v
e
l
of
par
t
i
a
l
d
i
s
c
har
ges
w
er
e
w
a
y
b
el
o
w
50
0 pC
f
or
l
o
w
t
o
m
edi
u
m
v
ol
t
age c
a
bl
es
[
9]
.
3.
2.
E
xp
e
r
m
en
t
2:
S
ep
ar
at
e I
n
su
l
at
i
o
n
T
est
at
D
i
ffe
r
e
n
t T
e
m
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
s
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
A
C
br
eak
dow
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e
w
a
s
af
f
ec
t
ed
b
y
v
ar
i
at
i
on
of
t
em
per
at
ur
e s
et
t
i
ng.
B
r
eak
do
w
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e
w
i
l
l
dec
r
e
as
e i
f
t
he
t
em
per
at
ur
e i
s
i
nc
r
eas
ed
[
1
0]
.
T
abl
e 3
be
l
o
w
pr
es
ent
s
t
h
e m
eas
ur
ed A
C
br
eak
do
w
n v
ol
t
age
d
a
t
a of
a
l
l
t
he
S
am
pl
e 1
an
d
S
am
pl
e 2
w
i
t
h
di
f
f
er
ent
s
et
t
i
ng
t
em
per
at
ur
e.
T
he r
es
ul
t
s
ar
e s
ho
w
n
gr
ap
hi
c
a
l
l
y
i
n F
i
gur
e 4
.
T
abl
e
3.
Meas
ur
ed A
C
B
r
e
ak
dow
n
V
o
l
t
a
ge dat
a
at
D
i
f
f
er
ent
T
em
per
at
ur
e
s
T
e
m
per
at
ur
e (
o
C)
30
50
70
B
r
eak
dow
n
V
ol
t
age (
k
V
)
S
a
m
pl
e 1
19.
2
18.
2
17.
2
S
a
m
pl
e 2
21.
2
20.
5
19.
2
B
r
eak
dow
n
F
i
el
d S
t
r
engt
h
(
k
V
/
mm)
S
a
m
pl
e 1
9.
6
9.
1
8.
6
S
a
m
pl
e 2
10.
6
10.
25
9.
6
F
i
gur
e
4.
A
C
B
r
eak
do
w
n
V
ol
t
a
ge
v
s
T
e
m
per
at
ur
e f
or
S
am
pl
es
1 a
nd 2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4
752
I
J
E
EC
S
V
o
l.
8
,
N
o.
1
,
O
c
t
o
ber
20
17
:
1
77
–
1
83
182
F
or
S
am
pl
e 1,
t
he
v
al
u
e of
A
C
br
e
ak
dow
n v
ol
t
ag
e
w
as
19.
2
k
V
at
30
o
C
w
h
i
l
e at
5
0
o
C
,
t
he br
e
ak
dow
n
v
ol
t
ag
e
dec
r
eas
ed t
o
18.
2 k
V
,
an
d
t
o
1
7.
2 k
V
at
7
0
o
C.
Me
an
w
h
i
l
e,
f
or
S
am
pl
e 2,
t
he
v
a
l
ue
of
A
C
br
e
ak
dow
n
v
o
l
t
a
ge a
t
30
o
C
w
as
21.
2
k
V
.
T
he v
al
ue t
hen
dec
r
eas
e
d
at
20.
5
k
V
at
50
o
C
,
a
nd
f
ur
t
her
dec
r
ea
s
ed at
70
o
C
to
1
9.
2 k
V
.
T
abl
e
4.
A
C
br
eak
do
w
n v
o
l
t
age af
t
er
t
hr
ee da
y
s
t
her
m
al
a
gi
ng
B
ef
or
e agi
ng
B
r
eak
dow
n
V
ol
t
age (
k
V
)
A
f
t
er
agi
ng
B
r
eak
dow
n
V
ol
t
age (
k
V
)
S
a
m
pl
e 1
19.
2
17.
2
S
a
m
pl
e 2
21.
2
19.
2
T
he A
C
br
eak
dow
n v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
eadi
n
g bef
or
e an
d af
t
er
t
h
er
m
al
agi
ng
w
as
o
bs
er
v
e
d
and
c
o
m
par
ed.
T
he r
es
u
l
t
s
h
o
w
ed
a d
ec
l
i
nat
i
on
i
n
v
a
l
ue
of
A
C
br
eak
do
w
n
v
o
l
t
a
ge
af
t
er
t
her
m
al
agi
ng pr
oc
es
s
.
A
C
br
eak
do
w
n v
ol
t
ag
e t
es
t
w
as
c
on
d
uc
t
ed o
n al
l
of
t
he s
am
pl
e
s
bef
or
e t
he
agi
ng pr
oc
es
s
s
t
ar
t
ed a
nd
t
he
v
al
ues
w
er
e 1
9.
2 k
V
an
d 21.
2 k
V
r
es
pec
t
i
v
e
l
y
f
or
S
am
pl
e 1 an
d
S
am
pl
e 2.
Mean
w
h
i
l
e
,
t
h
e
v
a
l
ues
of
A
C
br
eak
do
w
n
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
f
o
r
S
am
pl
e 1
an
d
S
am
pl
e
2
w
er
e
s
l
i
gh
t
l
y
dec
r
eas
e
d t
o
17.
2 k
V
and
19.
2
k
V
r
es
pec
t
i
v
e
l
y
af
t
er
t
he
a
gi
n
g pr
oc
es
s
bei
ng
per
f
or
m
ed.
T
he r
es
ul
t
s
ho
w
ed
a r
e
duc
t
i
on
of
2 k
V
f
or
bot
h t
he s
am
pl
e
s
.
4
.
C
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
T
es
t
s
hav
e b
een p
er
f
or
m
e
d on t
he J
o
y
s
ens
e R
ar
e
-
E
ar
t
h H
i
g
h
-
I
r
on
A
l
um
i
ni
um
A
l
l
o
y
po
w
er
c
a
bl
es
.
T
ec
hni
q
ue f
o
r
a r
eg
ul
ar
c
abl
e t
es
t
w
as
d
es
i
gn
ed
i
n
t
he
H
i
gh
V
o
l
t
a
g
e La
bor
at
or
y
i
n
U
i
T
M
S
ha
h
A
l
am
.
T
he
r
es
ul
t
s
s
ho
w
a
p
os
i
t
i
v
e
out
c
om
e
w
her
e
t
he
c
a
bl
es
w
hi
c
h
ar
e
r
at
e
d
0.
6/
1
k
V
hav
e br
e
ak
dow
n
v
o
l
t
a
ges
of
ar
ou
nd 2
1 k
V
.
T
hi
s
i
s
w
a
y
be
y
on
d t
h
e i
ns
u
l
at
i
o
n
s
t
r
engt
h
des
i
gnat
i
o
n f
or
a 1
k
V
c
abl
e.
S
am
pl
es
of
t
h
e
i
ns
ul
at
i
on
m
at
er
i
al
s
of
t
h
e
11 k
V
J
o
y
s
ens
e
A
l
um
i
ni
um
po
w
er
c
abl
e
w
er
e c
ut
a
nd r
em
ov
e
d,
a
nd
t
es
t
ed
f
o
r
it
s
A
C
br
eak
dow
n v
ol
t
age
w
i
t
h d
i
f
f
er
ent
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e
s.
T
he A
C
br
eak
do
w
n
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
w
i
t
h d
i
f
f
er
ent
t
em
per
at
ur
e s
ho
w
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e s
t
r
eng
t
h of
br
eak
dow
n v
o
l
t
a
ge
w
i
l
l
de
c
r
eas
e w
h
en
t
he
t
em
per
at
ur
e
w
as
i
nc
r
eas
ed
,
w
h
i
c
h w
as
bet
w
ee
n
21.
2 k
V
t
o
19.
2 k
V
(
S
am
pl
e
2)
,
w
h
i
c
h l
ook
ed c
ons
i
s
t
e
n
t
w
i
t
h E
x
p
er
i
m
ent
1,
t
h
e c
a
bl
e
t
es
t
.
T
he s
a
m
e goes
t
o A
C
br
eak
dow
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e af
t
er
t
her
m
al
agi
ng of
t
hr
ee da
y
s
w
hi
c
h
ex
per
i
e
nc
ed r
ed
uc
t
i
o
n i
n A
C
br
eak
do
w
n
v
o
l
t
a
ge
v
al
ue s
ho
w
e
d t
h
at
t
he
br
eak
do
w
n
v
o
l
t
ag
e
dec
r
eas
ed b
y
o
n
l
y
2 k
V
c
om
par
ed
t
o or
i
g
i
n
al
i
ns
u
l
at
i
o
n bef
or
e t
h
er
m
al
agi
ng.
I
t
c
an be
s
e
en
t
hat
t
he o
nl
i
ne p
ar
t
i
al
d
i
s
c
har
ges
w
er
e t
he s
am
e f
or
bot
h s
a
m
pl
es
t
hr
oug
h t
he ex
p
er
i
m
ent
s
a
nd
t
he v
al
ues
l
ie
bet
w
ee
n
280
-
26
5
pC
.
T
hes
e v
al
ue
s
pr
ov
i
d
e a
good
i
n
di
c
at
i
o
n of
t
he
c
a
bl
e
i
ns
u
l
at
i
o
n,
as
t
he
l
i
m
i
t
v
a
l
ues
of
ac
c
ept
ab
l
e
l
e
v
el
of
par
t
i
a
l
di
s
c
har
ges
w
er
e
w
a
y
be
l
o
w
500
pC
f
or
l
o
w
t
o m
edi
um
v
o
l
t
ag
e c
ab
l
es
.
A
s
a c
onc
l
us
i
o
n,
J
o
y
s
e
ns
e
R
ar
e
-
E
ar
t
h H
i
gh
-
I
r
o
n A
l
u
m
i
ni
um
A
l
l
o
y
po
w
er
c
abl
e
s
ar
e
ex
c
el
l
e
nt
q
ua
l
i
t
y
A
l
um
i
ni
u
m
al
l
o
y
c
ab
l
es
s
ui
t
ab
l
e
f
or
us
e i
n di
s
t
r
i
but
i
o
n s
y
s
t
em
,
and
c
o
m
m
er
c
i
al
and
dom
es
t
i
c
el
ec
t
r
i
c
al
i
ns
t
al
l
at
i
ons
s
uc
h
a
s
hi
gh
-
r
i
s
e
c
ond
om
i
ni
um
s
.
A
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
m
e
n
t
I
w
ou
l
d l
i
k
e t
o ex
pr
es
s
m
y
gr
at
i
t
ud
e and a
ppr
ec
i
at
i
on
t
o Mr
R
us
d
i
B
a
har
an,
t
h
e ex
ec
ut
i
v
e
di
r
ec
t
or
of
J
o
y
s
e
ns
e
C
a
bl
e
S
d
n
B
hd
f
or
s
upp
l
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ng
s
a
m
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es
of
t
hei
r
R
ar
e
-
E
ar
t
h
H
i
gh
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I
r
on
A
l
um
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ni
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A
l
l
o
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po
w
er
c
ab
l
es
w
h
i
c
h c
ont
r
i
but
e t
o t
he
s
uc
c
es
s
of
t
hi
s
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es
ear
c
h.
I
w
oul
d a
l
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o l
i
k
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o
t
h
ank
R
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i
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M
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onf
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us
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t
ar
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gr
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t
6
00
-
I
R
MI
/
D
A
N
A
5/
3/
L
E
S
T
A
R
I
(
0021
/
20
16)
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
s
[1
]
A
.
S
m
ed
ber
g
and D
.
W
a
l
d.
T
h
e R
ol
e
of
D
eg
as
s
i
n
g i
n X
LP
E
P
ow
er
,
v
ol
.
2
2,
n
o.
6,
pp.
5
–
16,
2
0
0
6.
[2
]
L.
C
ao a
nd S
.
G
r
z
y
bow
s
k
i
.
L
i
fe
-
T
i
m
e C
har
ac
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
of
E
P
R
C
abl
e
I
ns
ul
at
i
on U
nder
E
l
ec
t
r
i
c
al
an
d
T
her
m
al
S
t
r
es
s
es
.
p
p.
6
32
–
6
35,
20
13.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
EC
S
IS
S
N
:
2
502
-
4
752
T
C
abl
e T
es
t
and
B
r
eak
d
o
w
n V
ol
t
age
D
et
er
mi
nat
i
on
of
J
oy
s
ens
e
…
(
Muha
mm
ad
bi
n
Y
a
hy
a
)
183
[
3
]
P
.
M
vi
et
al
.
X
LP
E
I
n
s
ul
at
ed P
ow
er
C
abl
es
.
no.
M
,
1967.
[
4
]
G
.
C
or
por
at
i
o
n,
A
nal
y
s
i
s
f
or
A
C
V
ol
t
age
W
i
t
hs
t
and T
e
s
t
of
H
V XL
PE Po
w
e
r C
a
b
l
e
.
v
ol
.
0,
pp.
666
–
668,
2
007.
[5
]
E
. M
. H
a
n
i
f,"
In
s
u
l
a
ti
o
n
T
e
s
ti
n
g
w
i
th
D
C
"
C
ur
r
ent
, p
p
.5
7
-
63,
2
005.
[6
]
Y
.
Li
u,
C
.
X
ue,
and
G
.
Li
u.
A
nal
y
s
i
s
f
or
A
C
V
ol
t
age
W
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t
h
s
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V
X
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PE
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l
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I
nt
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o
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o
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c
tr
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c
. IC
S
D
,
vo
l
00
,
pp.
666
-
668,
200
7.
[7
]
M
.
S
haf
i
q,
M
.
Leht
onen,
M
.
I
s
a and L.
K
ut
t
.
O
nl
i
ne P
ar
t
i
al
D
i
s
c
har
g
e D
i
agno
s
t
i
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s
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M
edi
um
B
r
anc
h
ed C
ab
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e N
e
t
w
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k
s
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n
t
.
C
onf
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P
ow
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E
ng.
E
ner
g
y
E
l
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c
t
r
.
D
r
i
v
es
.
M
ay
,
pp246
-
25
1,
2
013.
[
8
]
L.
C
ao
an
d
S
.
G
r
z
y
bow
s
k
i
.
A
gi
ng
P
h
eno
m
en
on
of
1
5
k
V
E
P
R
C
abl
e
I
n
s
ul
at
i
o
n
by
E
l
e
c
t
r
ic
a
l
an
d
T
her
m
al
S
t
r
es
s
.
p
p.
4
80
–
48
3,
2012.
[
9
]
P
.
A
r
nol
d,
A
t
t
i
l
a K
m
en
t
,
M
ar
ek
P
i
pa,
and
F
r
an
t
i
s
ek
J
ani
c
ek
.
O
n
-
s
i
t
e P
ar
t
i
al
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i
s
c
har
g
es
M
eas
ur
em
ent
of
X
LP
E
C
abl
es
.
T
r
a
ns
a
c
t
i
on
on E
l
ec
t
r
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c
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E
n
g
i
neer
i
ng,
Vo
l
.
1
(
20
12)
.
N
o.
4.
[1
0
]
D
.
F
our
n
i
er
,
“
E
f
f
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t
O
f
P
r
es
s
ur
e A
nd T
em
p
er
at
ur
e O
n I
n
t
er
f
a
c
i
al
B
r
ea
k
dow
n B
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w
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T
wo
D
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el
e
c
t
r
i
c
S
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f
a
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