TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 11, No. 5, May 2013, pp. 2763 ~
2770
ISSN: 2302-4
046
2763
Re
cei
v
ed
De
cem
ber 2
9
, 2012; Re
vi
sed
March 19, 20
13; Accepted
March 27, 20
13
Competitiveness Comparative Resear
ch on Jiaozuo
Service Industry Based on Synchronic and Diachronic
Data
XU Jun
Schoo
l of Econ
omics an
d Man
agem
ent, Hen
an Pol
y
tec
h
n
i
c Univers
i
t
y
, Jia
o
z
uo, 454
00
0, Chin
a
e-mail: lmm
x
j
x
j
@
16
3.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Service ind
u
stry
plays a mor
e
and more i
m
p
o
rt
ant rol
e
i
n
e
c
ono
mic dev
el
op
me
nt, it had
beco
m
e
an i
m
porta
nt s
y
mb
ol f
o
r the
enh
anc
ement
of on
e re
gi
on competitiv
enes
s.
T
he
p
aper
constructed
th
e
Jiao
z
u
o s
e
rvic
e co
mp
etitive
e
v
alu
a
tion
mod
e
l
, w
h
ic
h us
ed
2
004-
201
1 y
ear
s sequ
enc
e d
a
ta of Ji
ao
z
u
o
a
n
d
synchro
nic
dat
a of Z
h
en
g
z
h
o
u, Kaife
ng,
Lu
o
y
ang, X
i
nxi
a
n
g
,
Jiao
z
u
o
five c
i
ties, b
a
se
d o
n
the DEA
meth
o
d
,
desi
gne
d i
nput
ind
e
x inc
l
ud
i
ng e
m
ploy
ees
and fix
ed as
sets, desig
ne
d
output i
ndex
inclu
d
i
ng serv
i
c
e
ind
u
stry output
value a
nd gr
ow
th rate, then it so
lved th
e answ
e
r w
i
th LINGO8.0 lin
ear pro
g
ra
mmi
n
g
softw
are. Model co
uld
not
only ev
al
uat
e seq
uenc
e
chan
ge o
n
d
e
vel
o
p
m
e
n
t of service i
n
d
u
s
try
competitiv
enes
s for eig
h
t yea
r
s in Jia
o
z
u
o,
but als
o
di
d a
hori
z
o
n
tal s
e
cti
on co
mparis
on
w
i
th Z
heng
z
h
o
u
,
Kaifen
g, Luoy
ang, Xinx
ia
ng
f
our Cities. M
ode
l op
eratio
n
results
show
ed that Jia
o
z
u
o service i
n
d
u
s
try
app
eare
d
to
be on
th
e mend
but unsta
ble
s
i
tuati
on
on th
e ov
era
l
l
effectiven
ess
accor
d
in
g to
th
e
lon
g
itud
in
al in
p
u
t and outp
u
t, the hori
z
o
n
tal
section co
mpa
r
ing show
e
d
that it
had slightl
y
shortage tha
n
Z
heng
z
h
o
u
, K
a
ifen
g city, it
w
a
s in
a h
o
ri
zontal
li
ne w
i
th
Xinxi
a
n
g
, L
u
o
y
ang,
but th
e
total a
m
ount
w
a
s
insufficient, it
was totally
i
n
accord w
i
th t
h
e actu
al s
i
tuat
ion
in J
i
a
o
z
u
o
service
in
dus
try devel
op
me
nt.
F
i
nally, it pr
op
osed th
e cou
n
termeas
ure a
n
d
sug
gestio
n
from J
i
ao
z
u
o i
m
portant d
e
vel
o
pment i
ndustri
e
s
,
service i
ndustr
y devel
op
me
nt policy
and ta
le
nt trainin
g
.
Key
w
ords
: S
e
rvi
c
e in
du
stry; Syn
c
hroni
c data; Di
achronic d
a
ta; Co
m
petitiveness; Jiaozuo
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
In the big
ba
ckgro
und
of
eco
nomi
c
gl
o
balizat
ion, wit
h
compute
r
t
e
ch
nolo
g
y as the
core
and the i
n
formation a
s
the
foundatio
n, a
ll kind
s of
service ind
u
stry
had b
e
come t
he ba
ckbo
ne
of
eco
nomi
c
g
r
owth. Th
rou
gh service f
unctio
n
, Service ind
u
stry
orga
nically con
n
e
c
ted
social
prod
uctio
n
, di
stributio
n wit
h
co
nsumptio
n links,
accel
e
rated th
e op
eration
of hu
man resources,
material
re
so
urces an
d in
formation
re
sou
r
ces,
pla
y
ed an i
m
po
rtant role in
pro
m
oting t
h
e
indu
striali
z
ati
on a
nd m
o
d
e
rni
z
ation. A
nd it
p
r
om
oted the
devel
opment
of th
e othe
r
se
rvice
indu
strie
s
on
the ba
sis
of this informat
ion, fi
nan
ce, i
n
su
ran
c
e, b
u
sine
ss service wa
s the m
o
st
obviou
s
. The
n
in the backgrou
nd of Ch
ina's
refo
rm and op
enin
g
up today, the servi
c
e ind
u
s
try
woul
d ope
n
as a matte
r
of cou
r
se, an
d the co
mpet
ition pattern f
o
rmatted initi
a
lly, the foreign
capital
of ma
in ind
u
stry
al
so
sp
eed
ed
up the
st
e
p
[
1
-2]. Th
erefo
r
e, de
scri
bed
the a
d
vanta
ges
and
disadva
n
tage
s of
Ji
aozuo
se
rv
ice ind
u
st
ry q
uantitatively,
woul
d
h
e
lp evaluate Jia
o
zu
o
servi
c
e in
du
stry competitivene
ss
co
rre
ct
ly, in order to
provide o
b
je
ctive basi
s
fo
r improving its
eco
nomi
c
de
velopment.
Service in
du
stry comp
etitivene
ss
wa
s a
comp
re
hen
si
ve
system which cove
red servi
c
e
indu
stry itself, the relevant el
ements, rel
a
tionship
s
an
d behavio
r,
and other a
s
p
e
cts. As a re
sult
of
ea
ch regi
o
n's econo
mic environ
ment, eco
nom
i
c
b
a
s
e
had t
oo m
any differe
nces
and t
he
sa
me
area
al
so h
a
d
many diffe
ren
c
e
s
in
different p
e
rio
d
s [3-4]. The
r
efore, o
n
ly u
s
ing
ab
solut
e
indicators
su
ch a
s
th
e va
lue-a
dde
d p
r
oportio
n
of
service
indu
st
ry or
se
rvice
indu
stry val
u
e
-
adde
d in economi
c
growth to measu
r
e the co
mp
etitiveness o
f
servic
e in
d
u
stry wa
s n
o
t
comp
re
hen
si
ve, it shoul
d
ca
rry o
n
in
vestigation
comprehe
nsiv
ely from the
point of vie
w
of
system. Fro
m
this requi
re
ment, this pa
per ba
se
d on
the Synchro
n
ic data an
d time-serie
s d
a
ta
,
use
d
DEA
model, reflected the
com
petitiveness
l
e
vel and th
e
situation
of
Jiao
zu
o service
indu
stry from
different a
s
pe
cts
com
p
re
he
nsively
[5]. Mainly focu
se
d
on the in
put
and o
u
tput, if it
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02-4
046
TELKOM
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Vol. 11, No
. 5, May 2013 : 2763 – 277
0
2764
coul
d u
s
e
le
ss inve
stmen
t
to bri
ng l
a
rger
outp
u
t,
then co
mpetiti
v
eness wa
s stron
g
e
r
,
on
the
other ha
nd, competitivene
ss
wa
s we
ak.
2. Rese
arch
Metho
d
2.1. Specific
a
tion of Mo
d
e
l
DEA (Data Envelopme
n
t Analysis) d
e
velope
d
on
the basi
s
of "relative efficien
cy
evaluation"
con
c
e
p
t by Ameri
c
an f
a
mou
s
op
erations
re
sea
r
ch
er A.
C h
a
m. and
W.W.
Coo
peri
301 i
n
197
8, it wa
s a
kin
d
of th
e input
and
o
u
tput of the n
onpa
ram
e
tric system
anal
ysi
s
method [6
-8], with keepi
ng
input o
r
outp
u
t of DM
U (Deci
s
ion M
a
ki
n
g
Unit
) un
ch
a
nged,
with th
e
help of math
ematical p
r
o
g
r
ammin
g
, putting DMU p
r
o
j
ection to DE
A front surfa
c
e, and throu
gh
the comp
ari
s
on o
n
d
e
g
r
e
ed from
De
ci
sion
Ma
king
Unit to t
he front of
DEA, i
t
evaluated
their
relative effectiveness, so,
it not only
coul
d obt
ain
the com
p
re
h
ensive e
ffici
e
n
cy qua
ntitative
index of e
a
ch
DM
U, it but
also
mad
e
ev
aluati
on and
sortin
g
a
c
cording
to ea
ch DMU
validity
and
effectivene
ss technolo
g
y, it could make furt
he
r an
alysis on n
o
n
DEA efficient rea
s
on
s and
improvem
ent
dire
ction f
o
r ea
ch
DM
U, to pr
ov
id
e a ba
si
s f
o
r
Deci
sio
n
make
r
s
[
9
]
.
B
u
t
con
c
e
r
nin
g
rese
arch
se
rvice in
du
stry i
n
the p
ape
r,
the ba
sic pri
n
cipl
es
of ev
aluation
of DEA
model was
sh
own in figu
re
1.
Figure 1. DEA model of the servi
c
e
ind
u
stry competi
t
iveness eval
uation
Due to that developme
n
t environm
ent and invest
me
n
t
condition
s o
n
servi
c
e ind
u
stry in
different area
s tende
d to have larg
er
hom
og
eneity, and se
rvice
indust
r
y wa
s one
com
p
l
e
x
system
with
many
inp
u
ts and output
s
[
10-1
1
]. The
r
efore, thi
s
pa
per sel
e
cte
d
the
R
C
2
model
inclu
d
ing
scal
e effective a
nd tech
nolo
g
y
effect
ive. Suppo
se the
n
u
mbe
r
of DM
U wa
s n, e
a
c
h
DMU h
ad m
kind
s
of inp
u
t
s an
d
s
kin
d
s
of
outp
u
ts,
the m
u
tual
relation
ship
di
agra
m
a
s
wa
s
sho
w
n in tabl
e 1. In the ta
ble:
ij
X
wa
s the i input of the j DMU;
ij
Y
wa
s the r outpu
t of the
j
DMU. i=1, 2... m; j=
1, 2,..
...
, n; r=
1, 2...
s
.
All the input and output of DMU
coul
d
b
e
expre
s
sed
as with ve
ctor:
)
,...,
,
(
2
1
mj
j
j
X
X
X
X
T
i
,
)
,...,
,
(
2
1
sj
j
j
Y
Y
Y
Y
T
i
Basing o
n
evaluation thou
ght of DEA met
hod and ev
aluation pu
rp
ose of DEA model, it
establi
s
h
ed the DEA ev
aluation m
o
d
e
l, throug
h introdu
cin
g
sl
ack varia
b
le
S
、
S
and the
Archim
ede
s i
n
finite small
,it could coke structu
r
e the li
near p
r
o
g
ra
m
m
ing mod
e
l (D).
0
1
0
1
ˆ
mi
n
[
(
)
]
..
0
0
0,
0,
0
TT
n
jj
j
j
n
jj
j
j
j
es
e
s
st
X
X
s
YY
s
ss
(1)
Decisi
on Mak
i
n
g
Unit
fix
e
d assets
gro
w
th rate
valu
e ad
ded
evaluation o
n
comp
etitiven
e
s
s
of
servic
e
empl
o
y
ees
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Com
petitiven
ess Com
p
a
r
a
t
ive Re
se
arch
on Jiao
zu
o Servi
c
e Ind
u
st
ry Base
d on
… (XU Jun
)
2765
Table 1. Rel
a
tionshi
p diag
ram of input and out
put ind
e
x on servi
c
e
industry
com
petitiveness
evaluation
Inpu
t
w
e
ight
Inpu
t
DMU
（
1,2,…,j,
…,n
）
Ou
tpu
t
Ou
tpu
t
w
e
ight
V
1
1
X
11
…………
…
X
1j
…………
…
X
1n
V
2
2
X
21
…………
…
X
2j
…………
…
X
2n
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
V
m
m
X
m1
…………
…
X
mj
…………
…
X
mn
Y
11
…………
…
Y
1j
…………
…
Y
1n
1 U
1
Y
21
…………
…
Y
2j
…………
…
Y
2n
2 U
2
:
:
:
:
:
Y
s1
…………
…
Y
s
j
…………
…
Y
sn
s
U
s
In the formula:
,
1
,
,
1
e
,
1
,
,
1
e
ˆ
1
1
m
T
T
m
T
T
12
(,
,
,
)
T
m
Ss
s
s
,
12
(,
,
,
)
T
s
Ss
s
s
i
s
and
r
s
(
1
,2
,
,
;
1
,2
,
)
im
r
s
wer
e
sla
c
k v
a
riable
，
took
5
10
.
It must be
n
o
ted that u
s
i
ng the m
ode
l need
ed to
meet two
assumptio
n
s: fi
rst, the
numbe
r of evaluation a
r
ea
should b
e
twice gre
a
ter
than or eq
ual
to the number of input and
output of the
proj
ect to a
v
oid efficien
cy overvalued
; Secon
d
, the input va
ria
b
le an
d outp
u
t
variable m
u
st
satisfy the co
rrel
a
tion re
qui
reme
nts [12-15].
2.2. Variable Selection
In the variabl
e index sele
ction pro
c
e
ss,
can
a
c
curate rea
c
tion a
r
ea
the present situation
of the se
rvice
indu
stry, but
also
ta
ke
account of e
c
on
o
m
ic indi
ca
to
rs of com
parabi
lity. Accordi
n
g
to the DEA evaluation p
r
incipl
e, input indicato
rs
should b
e
as little as possible, the out
put
indicators sh
ould be the
bigge
r the better [16-
17
]. From the point of view of e
c
ono
mi
c
signifi
can
c
e, t
he n
u
mbe
r
of employe
e
s,
assets a
s
in
p
u
t indi
cators,
servi
c
e i
ndu
st
ry output val
u
e,
gro
w
th rate a
s
the output i
ndex, as see
n
table 2.
Table 2. Serv
ice ind
u
stry competitivene
ss
of the DEA
evaluation in
dex system t
able
Inpu
t in
dex
Emplo
y
ees
fixed assets
Ou
tpu
t
in
dex
service industry
output value
service
industry
gro
w
th rate
The pa
pe
r int
ende
d to solv
e the proble
m
with line
a
r
prog
ram
m
ing
softwa
r
e LI
NGO8.0,
the sele
ction
of indexes h
ad different
dimen
s
ion
s
, it could not b
e
dire
ctly sol
v
ed, it used the
averagi
ng m
e
thod to de
al with o
r
igi
nal data
o
n
dimen
s
ion
a
l
cha
nge p
r
o
c
e
ss. Processing
method was
as follo
ws:
m
i
ij
ij
ij
X
m
X
X
1
'
'
1
(2)
ij
X
-the data with
dimensi
onle
s
s pro
c
e
s
sing;
ij
X
'
-first I index o
f
the first j decisi
on
unit; m-the nu
mber of evalu
a
tion index.
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0
2766
2.3. Model Test
For line
a
r p
r
ogra
mming
(D), u
s
ed
LINGO optim
i
z
at
ion software
prog
ram
m
ing
to solve
type (1), the
answe
r co
uld
eval
uate the
overall effici
ency on
se
rvice ind
u
stry t
e
ch
nolo
g
y and
scale [18].
Suppo
sed
th
e optimal
sol
u
tions a
s
、
*
，
*
S
，
*
S
,
r
s
, Worked o
u
t the fol
l
owin
g
sev
e
r
a
l way
s
:
（）
i
if the
（）
D
h
ad
opti
m
al solution
1
*
, the firs
t
0
j
DM
U wa
s called
DEA wea
k
effic
i
ent, if not, it
was
too.
（）
ii
if the
（）
D
h
ad opti
m
al solutio
n
1
*
, and for each of its optimal solution
s
*
，
*
S
，
*
S
，
0
*
*
s
s
( E
a
ch
comp
one
nt
wa
s ze
ro),
t
he f
i
rst
0
j
DM
U wa
s call
ed
DEA
effic
i
ent, if not, it
was
too.
（）
iii
If
j
existed, it mad
e
1
1
n
j
j
, the scal
e be
n
e
fits was
un
chang
ed; If
j
di
d not
exist, when
1
1
n
j
j
, the scale
wa
s diminished, when
1
1
n
j
j
, the scal
e
wa
s increa
sing.
DEA metho
d
wa
s u
s
e
d
to
evaluate th
e
relative
effici
ency
on type
dep
artme
n
t, in thi
s
study, deci
s
i
on maki
ng u
n
it containe
d
the develop
ment on Jia
o
z
uo
servi
c
e i
ndu
stry for n
early
eight years, a
nd it did a lon
g
itudinal
com
pari
s
on
o
n
Ji
aozuo service indu
stry. Also in
cludi
ng five
cities in
Hen
an p
r
ovin
ce,
Zhen
gzhou,
Kaifeng,
L
u
o
yang, Xinxi
ang, it al
so
did a t
r
an
sv
erse
comp
ari
s
o
n
on Jiao
zu
o service
ind
u
st
ry,
in
order
to
kn
ow a
c
curately the p
o
sition of
Jiao
zuo
servi
c
e i
ndu
stry Hen
an
province. In
thi
s
p
ape
r,
it selecte
d
2
004
-201
1 yea
r
s
data o
n
Jiao
zuo
servi
c
e i
ndu
stry to do
a lo
ngitudin
a
l co
mpari
s
o
n
, an
d re
co
gni
zed
the competiti
v
eness
of se
rvice
indu
stry of Jiaozuo itself,
t
hen it did a hori
z
onta
l
comp
arativ
e analysi
s
b
y
selectin
g the
developm
ent
status
on Z
heng
zh
ou, Kaifeng, Luoy
ang,
Xinxian
g
four
cities in 2011
se
rvice
indu
stry and
comp
ari
ng wi
th Jiao
zuo, it coul
d obt
aine
d the positio
n
of Jiaozuo service in
du
stry in
Hen
an
provi
n
ce
obj
ective
ly. So, it eva
l
uated
th
e comprehe
nsiv
e
comp
etitiveness of Jiao
zuo
servi
c
e in
du
stry from two
asp
e
ct
s of lo
ngitudin
a
l an
d hori
z
o
n
tal, provide
d
an
obje
c
tive basi
s
to
improve the
competitivene
ss of Ji
ao
zuo
servi
c
e ind
u
st
ry [19-21].
3. Longitudi
nal Diachro
n
i
c Comparis
on on Comp
etitiv
eness of Jiaozuo Se
r
v
ice Industr
y
The service indu
stry refe
rred to was a
gene
ralized
con
c
e
p
t, incl
uding 1
5
ind
u
strie
s
,
whi
c
h
we
re
tran
sp
ortati
on, wareho
u
s
ing
an
d p
o
s
tal
se
rvice,
inform
ation
tran
smi
ssi
o
n
of
comp
uter
se
rvice
s
and
software,
who
l
esal
e and retail trade, a
c
commo
datio
n and cateri
ng
indu
stry, the financial
se
ctor, re
al est
a
te, leas
in
g and bu
sin
e
ss servi
c
e
s
, scientific re
sea
r
ch
techn
o
logy service
s
an
d geolo
g
ical ex
plor
in
g , water co
nservan
c
y environm
ent and publ
ic
facilities m
a
n
ageme
n
t, re
si
dents
se
rvice
and oth
e
r
m
anag
ement,
edu
cation, p
u
b
lic h
ealth
so
cial
se
curity a
nd
so
cial
welfare, cultu
r
e, sp
orts
and
ente
r
tainme
nt, pu
blic ma
nag
e
m
ent an
d so
cial
orga
nization
s, internation
a
l
orga
nization
s, whi
c
h
we
re
the third ind
u
stry from th
e tradition
al said
[22-24].
Since the reform an
d ope
ning up, with
the i
ndustri
a
l structu
r
e of
Jiao
zuo opti
m
ization
constantly, service indust
ry of
Jia
o
zuo develop
ed ra
pidly.
Espe
ci
a
lly in recent
years,
Jiao
zuo
tourism wa
s as a rep
r
e
s
e
n
tative
se
rvice
ind
u
st
ry, it wa
s d
e
velopi
ng
rapidly
an
d the
scale
wa
s
growing all the time. But from the Jiaozuo whol
e, development of
serv
i
c
e industry still lagged
behin
d
, all
of these
ha
d a
direct
impact
on
the im
prove
m
ent of
Jia
o
zu
o
se
rvice
s
comp
etitiveness. Acco
rdin
g to the
sele
ction of in
dex system,
it used
the
data
o
f
Jiao
zu
o
service
indu
stry fro
m
2004
-2
01
1 years to
do a lon
g
itu
d
inal evalu
a
tion of comp
etitiveness, and
recogni
ze
d competitive st
atus of
2
004
-2011 yea
r
s o
n
se
rvice i
n
d
u
stry a
s
a d
e
c
isi
on ma
kin
g
unit,
in order to p
r
ovide
an o
b
j
e
ctive ba
si
s f
o
r fu
rt
her un
derstand
the
situat
ion
of
Jiao
zu
o servi
c
e
indu
stry. The spe
c
ific results we
re
seen i
n
table 3.
Table 3
sh
owed that evalu
a
tion re
sult of
Ji
ao
zu
o in 2
011, 20
05, 2
004 yea
r
s
we
re DEA
efficient, whi
c
h wa
s that in
put and o
u
tpu
t
of Jiao
z
uo
service i
ndu
stry achieved
re
latively supe
ri
or
status,
its
te
chni
cal and scale were
e
ffective.
In 2004, inp
u
t a
nd outp
u
t of Jiao
zu
o se
rvice
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Com
petitiven
ess Com
p
a
r
a
t
ive Re
se
arch
on Jiao
zu
o Servi
c
e Ind
u
st
ry Base
d on
… (XU Jun
)
2767
indu
stry a
c
hi
eved
relativel
y
rea
s
o
nable
,
but in
20
05
, employe
e
s
decrea
s
e
d
, a
nd fixed
assets
increa
sed, its servi
c
e ind
u
s
try output va
lue incr
e
a
sed
comp
arin
g with 2004, on t
he wh
ole, inp
u
t
and o
u
tput
could a
c
hi
eve
the relative excelle
nt. With the
economi
c
stru
cture a
nd
rel
a
ted
servi
c
e
s
p
o
li
cy of
Jiao
zu
o adj
ustin
g
contin
uou
sly, Jia
o
zuo
se
rvice in
du
stry app
eari
ng
DEA
invalid state
wa
s inevitabl
e. From
table
3, in 2
006, 2
008, 20
09, 2
010 yea
r
s, k
< 1, they
we
re in
DEA invalid state, the scal
e wa
s in
crea
sing, and the
s
e su
gge
sted t
hat increa
sin
g
the inve
stment
woul
d have
some
spa
c
e
fo
r devel
opme
n
t
in the
s
e yea
r
s. In
200
7, k >
1, althou
g
h
it was i
n
DEA
invalid state,
but scale
wa
s in d
e
cre
a
si
ng state.
T
h
i
s
sho
w
ed th
a
t
the two yea
r
s i
n
20
06-20
07,
indu
stry stru
cture
adj
ust
m
ent an
d in
dustri
a
l p
o
licy chan
ge of
Jiao
zu
o ad
apt to the
current
eco
nomi
c
d
e
v
elopment fo
rm, service p
o
licie
s a
nd
st
ruct
u
r
al adju
s
t
m
ent
wa
s cor
r
e
c
t
.
I
t
'
s
o
n
ly
that Jia
o
zuo
put too m
u
ch
into servi
c
e
in 200
7.
But
it was relatively in
suffi
cien
t in 200
8. Th
is
state contin
u
ed until 2010
, and Jiao
zu
o servi
c
e ind
u
st
ry retu
rne
d
to the DEA efficient state in
2011,
whi
c
h
sho
u
ld b
enefi
t
from Ji
ao
zu
o the p
o
lic
y o
f
the govern
m
ent, pro
m
ot
ing the
rise of
the
servi
c
e i
ndu
stry. Table
3 sh
owed t
hat fixed
investment
of Jiao
zu
o serv
ice in
du
stry
had
increa
sed
but
the output v
a
lue h
ad a la
rge
r
ri
se in
2
011, this fully
illustrate
d th
at Jiao
zu
o ga
ve
full play to
th
e role
of ma
croe
con
o
mi
c
regulat
io
n a
n
d
co
ntrol
in
th
e devel
opme
n
t these ye
ars.
From th
e wh
ole of Ji
ao
zu
o in the
s
e ei
ght year
s, th
e investme
nt of Jiao
zu
o
had a
dde
d from
7.172 billion
Yuan in 200
4
to 20.044 bill
ion Yuan in
2
011, it illustra
ted t
hat Jiao
zuo governme
n
t
gave se
rvice
industry a value deg
re
e, create
d
more jobs for
Ji
aozuo empl
o
y
ment and h
ad
played a
very
goo
d role in
driving
econo
mic d
e
ve
lop
m
ent. But onl
y 3 years
of i
nput a
nd o
u
tput
efficien
cy
on
Jiao
zu
o servi
c
e
i
ndu
stry a
c
hieve
d
o
p
ti
mal in this ei
ght years,
it il
lustrate
d th
at the
Jiao
zu
o
se
rvice i
ndu
stry
h
ad n
o
t p
a
id f
u
ll attent
ion
t
o
the
modi
cu
m of
config
uration o
n
va
ri
ous
inputs, so a
s
not to make
Jiao
zuo
se
rvice in
d
u
st
ry investment h
a
v
e no more reasona
ble [2
5].
But looke
d
from the overall, Jiao
zuo
service
s
g
r
o
w
th wa
s big
ger, it mainly displaye
d on t
he
adde
d valu
e
of se
rvice in
d
u
stry. T
he
ad
ded val
ue
of
servi
c
e
indu
stry
wa
s not e
fficient
from
an
indu
strial
lon
g
itudinal
co
mpari
s
o
n
, an
d could
n
’t fu
lly explain th
e st
ren
g
th o
r
wea
k
n
e
ss
on
indu
stry com
petitive. Therefore,
from d
i
fferent area
s in the
same
industry dev
elopme
n
t level,
doing
a
ho
rizontal
com
parison
was very necessa
ry
for me
asuri
n
g the
state
o
f
the in
du
stry to
determi
ne wh
ether comp
etitiveness
wa
s stren
g
th
or weakne
ss.
Table 3. Lon
g
i
tudinal dia
c
h
r
oni
c co
mpa
r
i
s
on o
n
com
p
etitiveness of Jiao
zu
o se
rvice ind
u
stry
Units: empl
oyees (te
n
thou
san
d
peo
ple)
,
fixed asset
s
(one h
und
re
d
million Yuan),
adde
d value (one hu
ndred
million Yuan
), growth
rate (%)
Years
Inpu
t in
dex
Ou
t in
dex
K
*
S
*
S
Relati
v
e
e
f
f
e
ct
i
v
e
Scale
e
f
f
e
ct
i
v
e
Tech
nol
og
y
e
f
f
e
ct
i
v
e
emplo
y
ees
fixed
assets
added
value
gro
w
th
rate
2011
51.40
200.44
300.51
13.50
1.00
1
0,
0
DEA
efficient
Scale
invariant
Technolog
y
effective
2010
49.57
189.60
269.96
12.80
0.88
<1
0.17,
0.29
DEA
invalid
Scale
increasing
Technolog
y
invalid
2009
49.05
165.70
241.40
11.80
0.86
<1
0,
0.73
DEA
invalid
Scale
increasing
Technolog
y
invalid
2008
47.61
158.44
230.22
10.30
0.95
<1
0.11,
0
DEA
invalid
Scale
increasing
Technolog
y
invalid
2007
45.16
149.30
219.76
12.50
0.96
>1
0,
0.45
DEA
invalid
Scale
decline
Technolog
y
invalid
2006
42.48
144.35
188.16
11.00
0.99
<1
0.13,
0
DEA
invalid
Scale
increasing
Technolog
y
invalid
2005
39.45
111.02
158.40
10.80
1.00
1
0,
0
DEA
efficient
Scale
invariant
Technolog
y
effective
2004
40.55
71.72
130.90
12.50
1.00
1
0,
0
DEA
efficient
Scale
invariant
Technolog
y
effective
(In the table
:
k=
n
j
j
1
,
Data
sources [28-
29]: Jiaozu
o
statistics net
w
o
rk and Ji
aoz
uo
statistics bull
e
ti
n of 201
1; Use soft
w
a
r
e
Li
ng
o
8
.0 to solve DE
A model)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 5, May 2013 : 2763 – 277
0
2768
4. Horizon
t
al
Sy
nchronic Comparis
on on Compe
t
iti
v
eness of Jiaozu
o Serv
ice Industr
y
In ord
e
r to
fu
rther explain
the competiti
v
eness
statu
s
of
se
rvice
indu
stry in
Jia
o
zu
o, it
need
ed to me
asu
r
e from dif
f
erent area
s in the sa
m
e
industry devel
o
p
ment level. But becau
se
of
the limitation
of data
coll
ection,
the p
ape
r
sele
cted
service in
du
st
ry developm
ent situation
of
th
e
five cities i
n
cl
uding
Zhe
n
g
z
hou, Kaifen
g, Luoyan
g,
Xinxiang, Ji
ao
zuo in
201
1 to
do a
ho
rizon
t
al
comp
arative analysi
s
[26, 29], as se
en i
n
table 4.
Hori
zo
ntal
co
mpari
s
o
n
on
com
petitiven
ess
of
Jia
o
zuo
servi
c
e i
n
dustry i
n
the
table 4
sho
w
e
d
that Zheng
zh
ou a
nd Kaifeng
service i
ndu
stry
were in th
e
DEA efficien
t state in 201
1,
whi
c
h
wa
s th
at two
urban
servi
c
e i
ndu
st
ry compet
itivene
ss of Z
h
e
ngzhou
an
d
Kaifeng
we
re
in a
relatively stro
ng, of course, these
were ins
epa
rabl
e from th
e two
cities nat
ural
advanta
ges.
Zheng
zh
ou
was
as the
ca
p
i
tal city Hena
n p
r
ovince
, a
nd it
wa
s in
the Beijin
g-Gu
ang
zho
u
rail
way
and the
Lon
g
hai railway ju
nction
s, it not
only had
the
sup
e
rio
r
g
e
o
g
rap
h
ical con
d
itions, b
u
t al
so
had
many
sci
ence a
nd te
chnolo
g
y, information
and
ta
lent
re
sou
r
ces, all
of th
ose ma
de it
ea
sier
to carry out e
x
tensive exch
ange
s an
d coope
ration,
b
e
tter to ab
sorb the advan
ced scien
c
e
a
n
d
techn
o
logy, informatio
n a
nd talent, an
d made it ha
ve more adv
antage
s com
parin
g with o
t
her
cities,
whi
c
h
coul
d provide
stro
ng
sup
p
o
rt for im
prov
ing service. And Kaifeng
was a
s
the
sev
en
dynastie
s
, th
e munifi
cent
history
cultu
r
e promot
e th
e touri
s
m
dev
elopme
n
t gre
a
tly. From ta
ble 4
we can see,
Kaifeng put n
o
t the most
investment int
o
se
rvice in
d
u
stry in the five cities, but
the
servi
c
e
indu
stry output va
lue
wa
s n
o
t the l
e
a
s
t, compa
r
ing
wit
h
Ji
ao
zuo,
Jiaozuo
se
rvice
investment
was three time
s than Kaifen
g, but
output but only one times mo
re th
an Kaifeng, a
nd
gro
w
th rate
wa
s 5.4% le
ss than K
a
ifeng. Th
es
e
explained
th
at the adj
ust
m
ent of e
c
o
nomic
stru
cture o
n
i
nput a
nd
out
put of
in
Kaif
eng
se
rvice
i
ndu
stry was reasona
ble.
Compa
r
ing
wit
h
the
two citie
s
,
competitivene
ss of Ji
ao
zu
o se
rv
ice in
dustry
wa
s
wea
k
e
r
. And
com
pari
ng
with
Luoyan
g, Xin
x
iang, the
three
cities were
almo
st in
the
sa
me l
e
vel, i
nput a
nd
outp
u
t differe
d little,
and th
ey ha
d
non
thei
r o
w
n adva
n
tage
s co
mpa
r
ing
with Zhe
n
g
z
ho
u an
d Kaife
n
g, there
we
re
in
DEA invalid state. Though
Luoyan
g wa
s the nine dyn
a
stie
s, but sh
e did not pl
a
y
out their o
w
n
histori
c
al
and
cultural ba
ckgroun
d com
parin
g
to Kai
f
eng, touri
s
m
had le
ss
de
velopment th
an
Kaifeng. Fro
m
this point
of view, Luoy
ang shoul
d
a
d
just its o
w
n
eco
nomi
c
structure an
d g
a
ve
full play to its
advantag
es,
develop
ed
th
e servi
c
e ind
u
stry vigorou
sly.
Table 4. Ho
ri
zontal
synchronic
comp
ari
s
on o
n
com
p
etitiveness of Jiao
zu
o se
rvice ind
u
stry
Units: empl
oyees (te
n
thou
san
d
peo
ple)
fixed assets (one hu
ndred
million Yuan
)
servi
c
e value
(one h
und
re
d
million Yuan) growth
rate (%)
Years
Inpu
t in
dex
Ou
tpu
t
in
dex
k
*
S
*
S
Relati
v
e
e
f
f
e
ct
i
v
e
Scale
e
f
f
e
ct
i
v
e
Tech
nol
og
y
effec
t
i
v
e
emplo
y
ees
Fixed
assets
Added
value
gro
w
th
rate
Zheng
zhou
169.2
1000.7
1524.1
13.8
1
1
0,0
DEA
efficient
Scale
invariant
Technolog
y
effective
Kai
feng
39.4 63.9
258.7
17.9
1
1
0,0
DEA
efficient
Scale
invariant
Technolog
y
effective
Luo
yang
117.1
372.5
601.7
12.8
0.79
<1
0,0.63
DEA
invalid
Scale
increasing
Technolog
y
invalid
Xin
xiang
92.07
207.8
321.11
13.8
0.57
<1
0,0.41
DEA
invalid
Scale
increasing
Technolog
y
invalid
Jiao
zuo
51.4 149.35
219.76
12.5
0.86
<1
0.29,0
DEA
invalid
Scale
increasing
Technolog
y
invalid
(In the table: k=
n
j
j
1
,
Data sources [28-
29]
: nation
a
l eco
nomic a
nd soc
i
al d
e
vel
opm
e
n
t
statistics bull
e
ti
n of ever
y
c
i
t
y
i
n
200
7; Use so
ft
w
a
re
Lin
g
o
8
.0 to solve DEA
model)
5. Coun
term
easur
es an
d
Sugges
t
ion
s
on Improv
ing Comp
etitiv
eness of
J
i
aozuo S
e
rv
ice
Industry
First, d
e
velo
p touri
s
m
cu
lture in
du
stry
of
Jia
o
zuo
positively, promote to
adj
ust the
indu
strial
stru
cture. T
he to
uris
m culture
indu
stry said
by the
pa
per
inclu
ded cult
ural and sp
orts
entertain
ment
, tourism, pri
n
ting, news
media,
ed
ucation, etc, it wa
s
a kin
d
of generalized
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Com
petitiven
ess Com
p
a
r
a
t
ive Re
se
arch
on Jiao
zu
o Servi
c
e Ind
u
st
ry Base
d on
… (XU Jun
)
2769
to
u
r
ism cu
ltur
e
in
du
s
t
r
y
. Be
c
a
us
e
tour
is
m
c
u
ltur
e
in
d
u
s
t
r
y
h
a
d
c
h
ar
ac
te
r
i
s
t
ic
su
ch
as
wid
e
coverage, m
u
ch em
ploy
ment perso
n
nel,
huge e
c
onomi
c
and
so
cial be
nefit, the high added
value and so
on, it was the brid
ge bet
wee
n
the so
cial ea
ch ind
u
stry [8]. So, in the long run,
tourism a
nd
cultural in
du
stry wa
s the
most p
o
tenti
a
l an
d po
we
r ind
u
st
rie
s
.
And spe
c
ific to
Jiao
zu
o, touri
s
m was the f
i
rst con
s
ide
r
e
d
, con
s
ide
r
Yuntai Mounta
i
n, Studio an
d other tou
r
ist
attraction
s
as the foun
dati
on of
Jiao
zu
o propa
gan
d
a
, to promot
e the tou
r
i
s
m
develop
men
t
of
Jiao
zu
o. Use
touri
s
m to p
r
omote the
de
velopment
of
Jiao
zu
o servi
c
e in
du
stry, we
can
say t
hat
focu
sing o
n
the develo
p
m
ent of tourism
and cultu
r
al
i
ndu
stry wa
s to prom
ote the integratio
n and
rest
ru
cturin
g
on existin
g
Ji
aozuo a
d
vant
age in
du
st
ry, to spin
the in
dustry
ch
ain
and to
enh
an
ce
its radiatio
n a
nd leadi
ng rol
e
.
Secon
d
, the
gove
r
nme
n
t
sho
u
ld
st
rength
e
n
th
e poli
c
y
su
pport,
optimi
z
e th
e
developm
ent environ
ment
of Jiao
zuo. In
the fairnes
s
of creatin
g in
dustry, it sho
u
ld eliminate
the
policy differe
nce
s
bet
wee
n
se
rvice
s
in
the wate
r,
ele
c
tri
c
ity, land, blowdo
wn an
d taxation, clean
up the
curre
n
t
limit not
sui
t
able a
n
d
re
g
u
lation
s a
nd
polici
e
s on
re
stri
cting th
e
developm
ent
of
Jiao
zu
o, and
resea
r
ch sup
port poli
c
ie
s
and me
as
ure
s
which had
a
d
vantage to t
he develo
p
m
ent,
make
a cla
ssification gui
d
ance, sup
port the key in
dus
t
ry for. At the s
a
me time, s
t
rengthen the
investment d
e
mon
s
tratio
n guida
nce
on key
a
r
ea
s,
weak li
nks a
n
d
emerging i
n
dustry
of se
rvice
indu
stry to
attract
more
capital flo
w
ing
to th
e
servi
c
e i
ndu
stry.
Str
engthe
n t
he eval
uatio
n of
servi
c
e pe
rfo
r
man
c
e; de
compo
s
e the
goal, task, major p
r
oje
c
t
s
implem
ent
ation of serv
ice
indu
stry dev
elopme
n
t to
the
releva
n
t
depa
rtm
ent
s a
nd
units,
and
p
r
omot
e sta
b
ly to f
eed
mech
ani
sm
coordi
nation
a
nd to
guid
e
t
he d
e
vel
opm
ent of
Jiao
zu
o mod
e
rn
service in
du
stry. It
also holds top BBS or
professi
onal l
e
ct
ures on
the development of servi
c
e i
ndustry, transform
the developm
ent idea, bro
aden the cha
nnel
s of
developme
n
t, and improve th
e unde
rsta
nd
ing
level [26].
Third, i
m
ple
m
ent tale
nt strategy to
provide
intell
ectual supp
ort f
o
r th
e d
e
velo
pment
of
servi
c
e
indu
stry. Talent
wa
s the
core of
the devel
opm
ent st
rategy
o
f
the
se
rv
i
c
e
indu
stry
, it w
a
s
also the
key to the develop
ment of servi
c
e ind
u
stry. Ho
wever, ma
ny service in
dustry of Jia
o
z
uo
lacked
talent
ed p
e
rson
s,
it had little
su
ccess i
n
t
he training
a
nd the
intro
ductio
n
of
hi
gh
technology, high level talent serv
ice ind
u
s
try. The
r
efore, Jiao
zu
o
sh
ould in
crea
se
servi
c
e tale
n
t
s
and u
s
e,
wid
e
ope
n chan
nels, a
nd o
r
gani
ze the
v
a
riou
s a
s
p
e
cts of the
service pe
rsonn
el,
esp
e
ci
ally create co
nditio
n
s to attract
and hire
tal
ents for the
developm
ent
of the service
indu
stry activ
e
ly, and provide inte
lle
ctual
resou
r
ces. A
t
the same ti
me, it shoul
d
con
s
oli
date their
own
stre
ngth
,
strength
e
n
enterp
r
ise
post vo
ca
tio
nal traini
ng
and p
r
ofe
ssi
onal unive
rsi
t
ies
training,
an
d
grad
ually b
u
il
d hig
h
quality talent te
am,
inject
ne
w vit
a
lity for the
d
e
velopme
n
t o
f
the servi
c
e in
dustry an
d the improvem
e
n
t of service level contin
uo
usly.
6. Conclusio
n
Us
ed
R
C
2
model
o
f
DEA to
do
a l
ongitudi
n
a
l evalu
a
tion
on
Ji
ao
zuo
servi
c
e
ind
u
stry
firstly, descri
bed ne
arly ei
ght y
ears se
rvice indu
stry
developm
ent of Jiao
zuo, it
illustrate
d that
the econo
mic stru
ctu
r
e a
d
j
u
stment
poli
cy on devel
op
ment of
servi
c
e in
du
stry i
n
Jia
o
zuo
was
effective on
t
he
whol
e. Bu
t in the
eig
h
t
years,
only th
ree
years of
servi
c
e
ind
u
stry wa
s i
n
DEA
effective stat
e, whi
c
h illust
rated
that the policy adjustment on
devel
opment of
servic
e i
ndustry
in
Jiao
zu
o rem
a
ined to be
further imp
r
o
v
ed. On
the horizontal compa
r
ison b
e
twee
n Jia
o
zuo
servi
c
e i
ndu
stry and
pa
rts
of He
nan
pro
v
ince
citie
s
, Jiaozuo l
a
cke
d
competitive
ness
com
p
a
r
i
ng
with the two cities Zh
eng
zhou and Kaif
eng, be
ca
u
s
e the two cities had the u
n
ique hi
stori
c
al
con
d
ition
s
. And co
mpa
r
in
g with the two citi
e
s
Lu
oyang an
d Xinxiang, their urb
an service
indu
strie
s
we
re in the sam
e
level from the
input and
output. But accordi
ng to output value and
employment singly, Jiao
zuo servi
c
e
i
n
dustry was still
relative
ly l
o
w i
n
the
position
of Hena
n
provin
ce; it st
ill neede
d to be furthe
r im
proved. In
th
e end, put
s forward so
me
sug
g
e
s
tion
s from
focu
sing o
n
the develo
p
m
ent of i
ndustry, service ind
u
stry develo
p
m
ent policy a
nd talent train
i
ng.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
Than
ks fo
r t
he supp
ort
of Nation
al
Social S
c
ien
c
e Fu
nd Pro
j
ect (No.10
CGL07
1),
Huma
nities a
nd So
cial S
c
ience Fu
nd
of the Mi
ni
st
ry of Edu
c
ati
on (No.1
0
YJC79
000
2)
an
d
Huma
nities S
o
cial S
c
ien
c
e
s
Proje
c
t of the Edu
c
ation
Depa
rtment
of Hena
n Pro
v
ince (No. 20
12-
GH-107
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
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Vol. 11, No
. 5, May 2013 : 2763 – 277
0
2770
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