I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
,
p
p
.
8
2
6
~
8
3
2
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
ee
cs.v
1
7
.i
2
.
p
p
8
2
6
-
8
3
2
826
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
/
/
ijee
cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Identifica
tion o
f
h
ijaiy
a
h let
ters
usi
ng
w
ireless
ly
contro
lled
a
ra
bic braille
m
o
dule
Ni
k
Azi
m
a
h
Z
a
ina
b Ni
k
M
o
hd
Ra
hi
m
i
1
,
No
o
r
H
a
zr
in H
a
ny
M
o
ha
m
a
d H
a
nif
2
,
Z
u
ria
t
i J
a
nin
3
1,
2
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
rin
g
,
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Isla
m
ic U
n
iv
e
rsity
M
a
la
y
sia
(IIUM
),
M
a
lay
sia
3
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
A
R
A
(Ui
T
M
),
M
a
la
y
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ju
n
8
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
u
g
1
0
,
2
0
1
9
A
cc
ep
ted
A
u
g
24
,
2
0
1
9
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
a
jo
r
issu
e
s
f
a
c
e
d
b
y
th
e
v
isu
a
ll
y
im
p
a
ired
p
e
o
p
le
is
t
h
e
in
a
b
il
i
ty
to
re
a
d
,
a
n
d
th
is
is
c
o
u
ld
b
e
a
d
d
re
ss
e
d
b
y
lea
rn
in
g
b
ra
il
le.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
th
e
sc
a
rc
it
y
o
f
sk
il
led
in
stru
c
to
rs
t
o
tea
c
h
th
e
b
ra
il
le
c
o
d
e
s
to
t
h
e
v
isu
a
ll
y
im
p
a
ired
p
e
o
p
le
li
m
it
s
th
e
le
a
rn
in
g
p
ro
c
e
ss
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ts
a
p
sy
c
h
o
p
h
y
sic
a
l
stu
d
y
o
n
th
e
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
p
e
o
p
le
w
it
h
v
isu
a
l
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
h
ij
a
i
y
a
h
letters
f
ro
m
a
s
p
e
c
ially
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
A
ra
b
ic
b
ra
il
le
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
is
m
o
d
u
le
c
o
n
sists
o
f
six
m
in
iatu
re
so
len
o
i
d
s
th
a
t
a
re
w
irel
e
ss
l
y
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
v
ia
a
Bl
u
e
to
o
th
a
n
d
a
n
A
rd
u
in
o
Un
o
m
icro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r.
F
iv
e
d
if
fe
re
n
t
h
ij
a
iy
a
h
letters
w
e
re
p
ro
v
id
e
d
to
th
e
p
a
r
ti
c
ip
a
n
ts
a
n
d
w
e
re
ra
n
d
o
m
l
y
re
p
e
a
ted
f
o
r
th
re
e
ti
m
e
s.
T
h
e
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
n
ts
w
e
re
re
q
u
ired
t
o
t
o
u
c
h
t
h
e
A
ra
b
ic
b
ra
il
le
m
o
d
u
le
a
n
d
sta
te
th
e
h
ij
a
i
y
a
h
letters
th
a
t
w
e
r
e
d
isp
la
y
e
d
.
W
it
h
p
rio
ri
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
in
it
ial
f
a
m
il
iariz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
b
ra
il
le
p
a
tt
e
rn
s,
7
2
.
9
%
o
f
th
e
tri
a
ls
sh
o
w
e
d
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
b
ra
il
le
d
is
p
lay
a
n
d
th
e
sta
ted
h
ij
a
iy
a
h
letters
.
2
0
%
o
f
th
e
p
a
rti
c
i
p
a
n
ts
h
a
v
e
th
e
h
ig
h
e
st
re
p
e
a
tab
il
it
y
re
sp
o
n
se
s
o
f
8
0
%
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
th
is
w
o
r
k
sh
o
w
e
d
th
e
o
p
t
im
isti
c
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
th
e
w
irele
ss
l
y
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
A
ra
b
ic
b
ra
il
le
d
isp
lay
to
a
s
sist
v
isu
a
ll
y
im
p
a
ired
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
t
o
re
a
d
h
i
jaiy
a
h
b
ra
il
le
letters
a
n
d
u
lt
im
a
tel
y
p
ro
m
o
tes
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
i
n
lea
rn
i
n
g
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
Hij
aiy
a
h
letter
s
Self
-
lear
n
Vis
u
a
ll
y
i
m
p
air
ed
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
2
0
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
No
o
r
Haz
r
in
Han
y
Mo
h
a
m
ad
Han
i
f
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
Me
ch
atr
o
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
I
s
la
m
ic
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
E
m
ail:
n
o
o
r
h
az
r
in
@
ii
u
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
th
e
W
o
r
ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
an
iza
tio
n
(
W
HO)
r
ep
o
r
t
in
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
,
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
1
.
3
b
illi
o
n
o
f
w
o
r
ld
‟
s
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
li
v
e
w
i
th
s
o
m
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
v
i
s
io
n
i
m
p
air
m
en
t
[
1
]
.
W
ith
r
eg
ar
d
s
to
d
is
t
an
ce
v
is
io
n
,
4
0
5
.
5
m
illi
o
n
p
eo
p
le
h
a
v
e
m
ild
to
s
ev
er
e
v
i
s
io
n
i
m
p
air
m
e
n
t
(
v
i
s
u
al
ac
u
it
y
w
o
r
s
e
th
a
n
6
/6
0
)
,
an
d
3
6
m
i
llio
n
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
b
lin
d
(
v
is
u
a
l a
cu
it
y
w
o
r
s
e
th
an
3
/6
0
)
[
2
]
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
l
y
2
0
%
o
f
v
is
io
n
i
m
p
air
m
en
t
g
lo
b
all
y
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
u
n
a
v
o
id
ab
le.
T
h
u
s
v
is
io
n
r
eh
ab
ili
tatio
n
is
s
o
u
g
h
t
a
f
ter
i
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
lif
e
o
f
p
eo
p
le
w
it
h
ir
r
ev
er
s
ib
le
v
is
io
n
i
m
p
air
m
e
n
t
[
3
]
.
Var
io
u
s
v
is
i
o
n
aid
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
m
o
b
ilit
y
aid
s
[
4
,
5
]
to
r
ea
d
in
g
aid
s
v
ia
„
te
x
t
-
to
-
s
p
ee
ch
‟
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
6
]
,
ar
e
w
id
el
y
av
a
ilab
le
in
th
e
m
ar
k
et
a
n
d
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
v
en
its
u
s
ef
u
l
n
es
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
to
tal
d
e
p
en
d
en
c
y
o
n
au
d
io
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
,
lead
to
a
h
i
g
h
illi
ter
a
c
y
r
ate
a
m
o
n
g
s
t
p
eo
p
le
w
it
h
v
i
s
u
al
d
is
ab
ilit
ies.
W
o
r
k
s
b
y
Field
s
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at
b
y
r
ea
d
in
g
,
o
r
lear
n
i
n
g
to
r
ea
d
,
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
h
u
m
a
n
b
r
ain
t
is
s
u
e
s
ev
o
lv
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
h
i
g
h
e
r
b
r
ain
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
p
eo
p
l
e
w
h
o
ar
e
liter
ate
[
7
]
.
A
w
a
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
t
h
is
illi
ter
a
c
y
is
b
y
en
co
u
r
ag
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
i
s
u
all
y
i
m
p
air
ed
p
eo
p
le
to
r
ea
d
an
d
w
r
ite
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
eir
tactile
s
e
n
s
e
s
.
V
is
u
all
y
i
m
p
air
ed
p
er
s
o
n
ar
e
ab
le
to
d
etec
t
tactile
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
as
ter
th
a
n
p
e
o
p
le
w
it
h
n
o
r
m
al
v
i
s
io
n
[
8
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
ab
le
to
d
is
tin
g
u
i
s
h
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
r
o
u
g
h
n
ess
o
f
a
m
ater
ial
w
i
t
h
5
μ
m
p
ar
ticles
an
d
9
μ
m
p
ar
ticles
j
u
s
t
b
y
s
lid
i
n
g
th
eir
f
in
g
er
tip
s
o
n
an
y
m
ater
ial
[
9
]
.
T
h
u
s
a
v
is
u
all
y
i
m
p
air
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
I
d
en
tifi
ca
tio
n
o
f
h
ija
iya
h
letters
u
s
in
g
w
ir
ele
s
s
ly
co
n
tr
o
lled
a
r
a
b
ic
…
(
N
ik
A
z
ima
h
Za
in
a
b
N
ik
Mo
h
d
R
a
h
imi
)
827
p
er
s
o
n
ca
n
„
r
ea
d
‟
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
b
r
aille
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
s
ix
r
aised
d
o
ts
ar
r
an
g
ed
i
n
3
-
by
-
2
m
atr
ix
t
h
at
h
as
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
6
4
p
atter
n
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
alp
h
ab
et
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
s
an
d
s
p
ec
ial
c
h
ar
ac
te
r
s
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
co
s
t
o
f
a
„
b
o
o
k
‟
w
i
th
b
r
aille
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
ar
e
h
o
w
ev
er
,
c
o
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
co
s
t
l
y
.
An
Al
-
Qu
r
a
n
b
r
aille,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
m
a
y
co
s
t
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
MY
R
4
0
0
p
er
co
p
y
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
q
u
ite
a
b
u
r
d
en
f
o
r
th
e
v
i
s
u
al
l
y
i
m
p
air
ed
p
er
s
o
n
to
o
w
n
o
n
e
[
1
2
]
.
R
ec
en
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
r
aille
u
s
er
s
w
it
h
r
ef
r
es
h
ab
le
b
r
aille
d
is
p
la
y
s
th
at
en
ab
le
u
s
er
s
to
r
eu
s
e
th
e
b
r
aille
s
y
s
te
m
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
ea
d
in
g
m
ater
ials
.
A
„
Ta
cto
b
o
o
k
‟
b
y
Velá
zq
u
ez
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
p
iezo
elec
tr
ic
tactile
ter
m
in
al
f
o
r
b
r
aille
r
ea
d
er
s
b
y
tr
an
s
lati
n
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
o
o
k
s
t
o
b
r
aille
co
d
e
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
m
in
p
o
r
tab
le
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
r
aille
ter
m
i
n
al
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
iezo
elec
tr
ic
b
r
aille
ce
lls
[
1
3
,
1
4
]
.
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
an
d
teac
h
i
n
g
b
r
aille
co
u
ld
p
o
s
e
a
b
ig
ch
allen
g
e
f
o
r
a
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
y
as
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
li
m
ited
an
d
m
ig
h
t
b
e
v
er
y
co
s
tl
y
an
d
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
lo
w
li
ter
ac
y
r
ate
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
v
is
u
all
y
i
m
p
air
ed
p
eo
p
le
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
b
r
aille
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
k
ill
ed
tu
to
r
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
o
n
e
-
to
-
o
n
e,
t
u
to
r
-
s
t
u
d
en
t
an
d
d
em
a
n
d
ed
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
i
m
e
to
lear
n
b
r
aille
[
1
6
]
.
E
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
te
ac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
aid
ed
b
y
a
to
o
l
ca
lled
„
b
r
ailler
‟
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
b
r
ailler
s
a
v
ailab
le
i
n
m
ar
k
et
ar
e
o
n
l
y
ca
ter
ed
f
o
r
lan
g
u
a
g
e
s
th
a
t
u
tili
ze
R
o
m
an
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
.
He
n
ce
,
lear
n
in
g
o
th
er
b
r
aille
co
d
e
lan
g
u
a
g
es
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
alp
h
ab
ets
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
c
h
alle
n
g
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
v
is
u
all
y
i
m
p
ai
r
ed
p
eo
p
le
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
o
f
f
icial
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
o
f
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
B
a
h
a
s
a
Ma
la
ysia
,
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itten
i
n
R
o
m
a
n
alp
h
ab
e
ts
(
also
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
„
R
u
m
i
‟
)
as
w
ell
a
s
i
n
Hij
ai
y
a
h
letter
s
(
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
k
n
o
w
n
as
„
J
a
w
i
‟
)
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
r
o
j
ec
t,
a
n
e
w
r
ef
r
esh
ab
le
b
r
aille
d
is
p
la
y
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
Hij
ai
y
ah
let
ter
s
(
o
r
A
r
ab
ic
letter
s
)
th
at
co
u
ld
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
f
ac
i
litate
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
u
s
er
s
to
r
ea
d
„
J
a
w
i
‟
b
r
aille
co
d
es.
Var
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ex
p
o
s
e
h
ij
ai
y
a
h
b
r
aille
to
u
s
er
s
,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
u
ti
lizatio
n
o
f
p
o
r
tab
le
k
e
y
b
o
ar
d
an
d
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
to
d
i
f
f
er
en
tiate
i
n
p
u
t c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
,
b
r
ailler
d
is
p
la
y
v
i
a
au
d
io
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
as
w
e
ll
as
tr
an
s
latio
n
o
f
th
e
h
o
l
y
Qu
r
a
n
an
d
its
taj
w
id
(
r
ec
itatio
n
r
u
le)
in
to
b
r
aille
co
d
es
[
1
9
-
2
1
]
.
Facto
r
s
s
u
ch
as
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e,
li
g
h
t
in
w
eig
h
t,
co
m
p
ac
t
a
n
d
p
o
r
tab
le
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
to
u
s
e
a
n
y
w
h
er
e
w
er
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
[
2
2
-
2
4
]
an
d
w
er
e
ad
ap
ted
in
to
all
th
ese
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
les.
Fu
r
t
h
er
u
p
g
r
ad
es
o
n
B
r
aille
m
o
d
u
les
i
n
cl
u
d
e
w
ir
eles
s
co
n
t
r
o
lled
B
r
aille
d
ev
ice
v
ia
s
e
m
i
co
n
d
u
cto
r
an
d
B
lu
eto
o
th
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
[
2
,
8
]
.
B
y
g
o
i
n
g
w
ir
eles
s
,
t
h
e
b
r
aille
d
ev
ice
b
ec
o
m
es
les
s
b
u
l
k
y
a
n
d
p
o
r
tab
le;
h
o
w
ev
er
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
r
aille
d
ev
ices
w
it
h
w
ir
eles
s
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
u
t
ili
ze
n
o
n
-
co
m
m
o
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
w
h
i
ch
m
ak
e
s
i
t
les
s
ap
p
ea
li
n
g
.
T
h
is
h
as
th
u
s
b
ec
o
m
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
s
o
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
b
r
aille
d
is
p
lay
o
f
h
ij
ai
y
a
h
letter
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ized
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
w
as
d
esi
g
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
m
in
ia
tu
r
e
s
o
len
o
id
s
w
ith
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
U
n
o
as
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
w
it
h
t
h
e
aid
o
f
a
B
l
u
eto
o
th
m
o
d
u
le
(
HC
-
0
6
)
an
d
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
d
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
s
et
-
u
p
o
f
th
e
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
i
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
B
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
t
h
e
b
r
aille
d
is
p
la
y
to
an
an
d
r
o
id
b
ased
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e,
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
elec
ts
an
y
A
r
ab
ic
letter
,
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
i
s
p
ass
ed
to
th
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
v
ia
a
B
lu
eto
o
t
h
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
ill
n
e
x
t
ac
t
u
ate
th
e
b
r
aille
co
d
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
el
ec
ted
alp
h
ab
et
at
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
an
el.
I
n
itial
test
s
w
ith
s
ix
L
E
Ds
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
m
i
n
iat
u
r
e
s
o
len
o
id
s
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
th
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
a
B
l
u
eto
o
th
m
o
d
u
le,
ac
cu
r
atel
y
ca
p
ab
le
to
r
ep
r
esen
t r
aised
d
o
ts
o
f
b
r
ai
lle
d
is
p
la
y
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
s
et
-
up
o
f
ar
ab
ic
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
t
u
s
er
s
‟
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
w
h
e
n
u
tili
z
in
g
th
e
w
ir
eless
l
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
r
aille
d
ev
ice.
P
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
er
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
to
u
c
h
a
n
d
f
ee
l
t
h
e
p
atter
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
b
r
aille
co
d
es
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ir
f
i
n
g
er
tip
w
it
h
o
u
t
lo
o
k
in
g
at
th
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
l
e
an
d
id
e
n
ti
f
y
as
s
o
ciate
d
h
ij
ai
y
ah
letter
s
w
it
h
th
e
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
ch
ar
ac
ter
p
r
o
v
id
ed
o
n
a
p
iece
o
f
p
ap
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
8
2
6
-
8
3
2
828
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
p
ar
ts
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
a
s
w
ell
a
s
p
s
y
ch
o
p
h
y
s
ical
in
v
est
ig
at
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
s
in
c
lu
d
e
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
cir
cu
its
a
n
d
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
b
et
wee
n
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
b
r
aille
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
i
n
iat
u
r
e
s
o
len
o
id
s
.
T
h
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
p
h
y
s
ical
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
a
tio
n
s
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
h
ea
lt
h
y
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
in
id
e
n
ti
f
y
i
n
g
th
e
h
ij
ai
y
a
h
letter
s
w
h
e
n
to
u
c
h
in
g
t
h
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
les.
2
.
1
.
H
a
rdwa
re
Co
nfig
ura
t
i
o
ns
Six
D
C
s
o
le
n
o
id
v
al
v
es
w
er
e
u
s
ed
as
a
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
ac
tu
ato
r
to
ac
tu
ate
th
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
o
p
er
ated
o
n
5
Vd
c
–
1
2
Vd
c
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
T
h
e
s
o
le
n
o
id
h
as
t
w
o
e
n
d
s
id
es;
o
n
e
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
len
o
id
w
a
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
5
V
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
h
i
le
th
e
o
th
er
o
n
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
co
llecto
r
o
f
T
I
P1
2
0
tr
an
s
is
to
r
.
T
h
e
T
I
P
1
2
0
tr
an
s
is
to
r
is
u
s
ed
w
h
e
n
A
r
d
u
in
o
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
b
ec
au
s
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
ca
n
o
n
l
y
co
n
tr
o
l
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
5
Vd
c
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
at
a
t
i
m
e.
T
h
u
s
,
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
in
th
is
cir
c
u
itr
y
wi
l
l a
llo
w
th
e
A
r
d
u
in
o
to
co
n
t
r
o
l th
e
5
Vd
c
s
o
len
o
id
o
f
th
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le.
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
w
as
s
et
u
p
as
a
s
w
itc
h
w
h
en
t
h
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
s
en
d
s
a
h
ig
h
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
b
ase
leg
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
,
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
ed
f
r
o
m
co
llecto
r
to
e
m
itter
w
i
ll
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
p
u
s
h
-
u
p
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
len
o
id
.
A
2
2
0
Ω
r
esis
to
r
w
a
s
p
lace
d
in
t
h
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
an
d
tr
an
s
is
to
r
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it.
L
as
tl
y
,
th
e
e
m
itter
w
as c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
w
as p
o
w
er
ed
u
p
u
s
i
n
g
7
.
4
V
b
atter
y
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
b
r
aille
d
i
s
p
la
y
m
o
d
u
le
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
is
m
ad
e
u
p
f
r
o
m
a
p
r
in
ted
cir
cu
it
b
o
ar
d
(
P
C
B
)
,
a
3
D
-
p
r
in
t
f
r
a
m
e
a
n
d
s
ix
s
o
len
o
id
s
ac
tu
a
to
r
.
T
h
e
to
tal
o
f
2
7
b
asic
A
r
ab
ic
h
as
d
is
tin
ct
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
co
d
e
an
d
w
as
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
u
s
in
g
A
r
d
u
in
o
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
o
le
n
o
id
s
w
a
s
in
3
b
y
2
m
atr
ix
r
ese
m
b
led
th
e
b
r
aille
co
d
e
w
r
i
tin
g
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t p
i
n
o
f
t
h
e
A
r
d
u
in
o
.
T
h
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
s
e
n
d
s
a
h
ig
h
in
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
“
1
”
a
n
d
a
lo
w
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
“
0
”
to
r
e
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
“
ON”
a
n
d
“
O
FF
”
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
le
n
o
id
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
On
l
y
f
i
v
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
;
ا
(
a
lif
)
,
خ
(
kh
a
a
)
,
ض
(
d
h
o
d
)
,
ف
(
fa
a
)
an
d
ي
(
ya
a
)
w
er
e
test
ed
in
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
p
h
y
s
ical
te
s
t.
T
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
ar
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
th
e
b
r
aille
d
is
p
la
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
B
lu
eto
o
th
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
a
l
f
r
o
m
th
e
B
lu
e
to
o
th
m
o
d
u
le
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
a
l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
h
ad
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
i
n
[
8
]
.
E
ac
h
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
et
o
f
h
i
g
h
an
d
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t s
ig
n
al
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
t
h
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
ex
ec
u
te
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
o
f
1
,
0
,
0
,
0
,
0
,
0
to
p
in
A
,
B
,
C
,
D,
E
a
n
d
F
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
B
lu
eto
o
th
m
o
d
u
le
s
e
n
t th
e
n
u
m
b
er
“
1
0
”
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
ا
(
a
lif
).
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
b
r
ail
le
m
o
d
u
le
s
y
s
te
m
T
ab
le
1
.
Fiv
e
B
r
aille
C
o
d
e
f
o
r
P
s
y
c
h
o
p
h
y
s
ica
l T
est
B
r
a
i
l
l
e
C
o
d
e
A
l
p
h
a
b
e
t
ا
Al
i
f
ي
Y
a
a
خ
K
h
a
a
ف
Fa
a
ض
D
h
o
d
2
.
2
.
P
s
y
cho
ph
y
s
ica
l In
v
esti
g
a
t
io
ns
T
h
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
p
h
y
s
ical
te
s
t
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
1
0
h
ea
lth
y
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
(
7
f
e
m
ale
a
n
d
3
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
)
f
r
o
m
Me
ch
atr
o
n
ics
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
I
n
ter
n
at
io
n
al
I
s
la
m
ic
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
(
I
I
UM
)
w
ith
a
n
av
er
ag
e
ag
e
o
f
2
3
.
A
ll
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
w
er
e
m
ed
icall
y
s
tab
le
an
d
d
id
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
a
n
y
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
u
p
p
er
m
o
to
r
n
eu
r
o
n
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
w
er
e
ca
p
ab
le
to
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
t
h
e
u
p
an
d
d
o
w
n
p
atter
n
o
f
s
o
le
n
o
id
u
s
i
n
g
s
ti
m
u
li
at
th
e
f
i
n
g
er
tip
.
P
ac
em
a
k
er
u
s
er
s
an
d
m
e
n
tal
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
p
eo
p
le
w
er
e
ex
cl
u
d
ed
to
u
n
d
er
g
o
th
is
p
s
y
c
h
o
p
h
y
s
ical
test
b
ec
au
s
e
i
t
m
i
g
h
t a
f
f
ec
t t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
I
d
en
tifi
ca
tio
n
o
f
h
ija
iya
h
letters
u
s
in
g
w
ir
ele
s
s
ly
co
n
tr
o
lled
a
r
a
b
ic
…
(
N
ik
A
z
ima
h
Za
in
a
b
N
ik
Mo
h
d
R
a
h
imi
)
829
T
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
w
as
r
eq
u
ested
to
s
it
at
r
est
w
it
h
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
l
e
o
n
tab
le
at
c
h
est
le
v
el
li
k
e
r
ea
d
in
g
o
r
w
r
iti
n
g
p
o
s
itio
n
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
w
a
s
s
e
t
i
n
a
b
o
x
w
it
h
a
w
in
d
o
w
a
t
o
n
e
s
id
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
p
lace
h
an
d
o
n
th
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
ir
ele
s
s
l
y
w
it
h
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
p
an
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
B
l
u
eto
o
th
.
T
h
e
teac
h
in
g
p
a
n
el
w
as p
l
ac
ed
o
p
p
o
s
ite
to
th
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
s
o
t
h
at
it
w
a
s
h
id
d
en
f
r
o
m
s
u
b
j
ec
t‟
s
v
i
s
io
n
t
o
r
ep
licate
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
v
is
u
al
i
m
p
air
f
o
r
all
h
ea
lt
h
y
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
b
r
ail
le
d
ev
ice,
teac
h
i
n
g
p
a
n
el
an
d
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
co
d
e
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
s
y
ch
o
p
h
y
s
ical
test
T
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
w
er
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
o
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
Gr
o
u
p
A
an
d
Gr
o
u
p
B
w
it
h
5
p
er
s
o
n
s
p
er
e
ac
h
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
b
r
aille
co
d
e
o
f
th
e
te
s
te
d
A
r
ab
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
w
as
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
f
r
o
m
g
r
o
u
p
A
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
a
n
d
1
0
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
w
as
g
i
v
e
n
f
o
r
f
a
m
i
liar
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
atter
n
.
Gr
o
u
p
B
o
n
th
e
h
an
d
,
w
as
te
s
ted
w
it
h
o
u
t
p
r
io
r
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
n
b
r
aille
p
atter
n
.
Du
r
i
n
g
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
ea
c
h
o
f
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
w
a
s
d
is
p
la
y
ed
f
o
r
2
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
w
a
s
r
eset
to
d
ef
au
lt
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
n
ee
d
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
ti
m
e
l
i
m
it.
T
h
e
te
s
ted
-
b
r
aille
co
d
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
w
as
p
asted
o
n
to
p
o
f
th
e
b
o
x
to
f
ac
i
litate
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
w
it
h
n
o
p
r
io
r
in
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
b
r
aille
co
d
e.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
s
y
ch
o
p
h
y
s
ical
test
w
a
s
to
ev
a
lu
ate
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ic
e
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
b
r
aille
co
d
e
b
y
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
d
ata
f
o
r
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
w
as
7
5
s
a
m
p
les
(
5
h
ij
ai
y
a
h
le
tter
s
x
3
r
ep
etitio
n
s
x
5
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
)
.
T
h
e
to
tal
d
ata
s
a
m
p
le
co
llecte
d
w
a
s
1
5
0
f
o
r
b
o
th
Gr
o
u
p
A
a
n
d
Gr
o
u
p
B
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
th
a
t
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
h
ij
ai
y
a
h
letter
s
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
b
ased
o
n
tr
ials
o
f
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
to
tal
co
r
r
ec
t a
n
s
wer
f
o
r
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
co
d
e
f
r
o
m
Gr
o
u
p
A
w
h
o
h
ad
th
e
p
r
io
r
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
n
b
r
aille
co
d
e
w
as
7
2
.
9
%
(
5
4
co
r
r
e
ct
id
en
tif
icat
io
n
o
u
t
o
f
7
5
s
a
m
p
les)
a
n
d
5
8
.
7
%
co
r
r
ec
t
id
en
tif
icatio
n
(
4
4
c
o
r
r
ec
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
u
t
o
f
7
5
s
am
p
les)
f
o
r
Gr
o
u
p
B
.
W
h
en
co
m
b
in
ed
,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
co
r
r
ec
t
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
w
a
s
6
5
.
3
%.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
His
to
g
r
a
m
o
f
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
id
en
ti
f
ied
h
ij
ai
y
ah
let
ter
s
f
o
r
a
g
iv
e
n
b
r
aille
in
p
u
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
8
2
6
-
8
3
2
830
A
f
u
r
t
h
er
an
al
y
s
is
w
as
d
o
n
e
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
r
esp
o
n
s
es
w
h
e
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
,
t
w
o
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
Gr
o
u
p
A
s
co
r
ed
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
8
0
%
(
1
2
o
u
t
o
f
1
5
tr
ials
)
f
o
r
co
r
r
ec
t
id
en
tif
icatio
n
.
Fo
r
Gr
o
u
p
B
,
th
r
ee
p
er
s
o
n
s
m
a
n
ag
ed
to
o
b
tain
th
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
co
r
r
ec
t
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
6
7
%
(
1
0
o
u
t
o
f
1
5
tr
ials
)
.
I
t
co
u
ld
b
e
d
ed
u
ce
d
th
at
alt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
f
r
o
m
Gr
o
u
p
A
h
ad
f
a
m
iliar
ized
w
ith
t
h
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
asic
b
r
aille
co
d
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
b
ef
o
r
eh
an
d
,
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
d
id
n
o
t
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
r
es
u
lt.
T
h
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
Gr
o
u
p
B
p
r
o
v
ed
t
h
at
a
„
n
e
w
lear
n
er
‟
ca
n
also
m
a
s
ter
th
e
b
r
aille
co
d
e
to
o
w
it
h
o
u
t
p
r
io
r
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
w
as
r
ele
v
an
t
f
o
r
a
n
e
w
co
m
er
to
lear
n
h
ij
ai
y
ah
b
r
aille
alp
h
ab
et
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
clea
r
an
d
s
i
m
p
le
d
e
v
ice
s
y
s
te
m
.
C
o
u
n
t
C
o
u
n
t
G
r
o
u
p
A
G
r
o
u
p
B
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
His
to
g
r
a
m
o
n
co
r
r
ec
t id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
b
y
s
u
b
j
ec
t
An
o
th
er
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
w
as
d
o
n
e
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
w
h
ic
h
b
r
aille
c
o
d
es
w
er
e
m
o
r
e
d
is
tin
c
t
t
h
an
th
e
o
t
h
er
s
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
h
ij
a
i
y
ah
b
r
aille
let
ter
s
w
er
e
ch
ar
a
cter
is
ed
b
y
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
aised
d
o
ts
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
‟
r
esp
o
n
s
es
ar
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
ض
(
dhod
)
an
d
th
e
ف
(
fa
a
)
b
r
aille
letter
s
w
er
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
is
ti
n
g
u
is
h
ed
b
r
aille
co
d
es,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
th
e
letter
ي
(
ya
a
)
.
T
h
e
b
r
aille
letter
s
ا
(
a
lif
)
an
d
خ
(
kh
a
a
)
w
er
e
t
h
e
lea
s
t c
o
r
r
ec
tl
y
id
en
ti
f
ied
letter
s
.
I
t
w
a
s
i
n
itiall
y
p
er
c
eiv
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
aised
d
o
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
b
r
aille
letter
s
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
a
p
er
s
o
n
to
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
id
en
ti
f
y
a
letter
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
w
a
s
n
o
t
th
e
ca
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
letter
خ
(
k
haa
)
,
w
h
ich
h
as
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
aised
d
o
ts
w
it
h
ض
(
d
h
o
d
)
an
d
ف
(
fa
a
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
test
s
w
il
l b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
id
en
tify
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
th
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
P
ie
ch
ar
t o
f
co
r
r
ec
t i
d
en
tific
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
h
ij
ai
y
y
ah
b
r
aille
letter
s
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
A
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
B
I
t
is
w
o
r
th
to
n
o
te
th
a
t
t
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
th
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
p
h
y
s
ica
l
test
m
a
y
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
s
e
v
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
is
w
a
s
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
o
f
th
i
s
test
w
er
e
n
o
t
n
atu
r
all
y
b
lin
d
o
r
v
is
u
all
y
i
m
p
air
ed
p
er
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
h
av
i
n
g
lo
w
tacti
le
s
e
n
s
it
iv
i
t
y
w
a
s
h
i
g
h
as
tactile
w
as
n
o
t
t
h
e
m
ai
n
s
ti
m
u
li
a
n
d
r
ef
lex
i
n
li
f
e.
B
esid
es,
th
e
s
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
w
er
e
n
o
t
f
a
m
i
liar
to
r
el
y
o
n
tacti
le
-
b
ased
d
ev
ice.
I
f
t
h
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
w
as
test
ed
o
n
th
e
n
e
w
lear
n
er
o
f
v
is
u
all
y
i
m
p
air
ed
p
er
s
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
m
ig
h
t
b
e
s
li
g
h
tl
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t.
T
h
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
w
er
e
n
e
w
lear
n
er
o
f
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
co
d
e,
h
o
w
e
v
er
th
e
n
o
n
-
v
is
u
all
y
i
m
p
air
ed
s
u
b
j
ec
t
m
ig
h
t
en
co
u
n
ter
a
h
ar
d
ti
m
e
to
d
is
t
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
t
h
e
p
atter
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
r
ail
le
co
d
e
d
u
e
to
in
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ec
o
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
p
atter
n
w
it
h
v
is
u
al.
T
h
e
v
is
u
al
l
y
i
m
p
a
ir
ed
p
e
o
p
le
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
e
p
en
d
o
n
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
t
w
h
ile
s
ig
h
ted
p
eo
p
le
lean
o
n
v
is
u
al
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
n
o
n
-
v
i
s
u
al
l
y
i
m
p
air
ed
11
10
9
12
12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Pe
rso
n
1
Pe
rso
n
2
Pe
rson
3
Pe
rso
n
4
Pe
rso
n
5
10
6
8
10
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pe
rso
n
6
Pe
rso
n
7
Pe
rson
8
Pe
rso
n
9
Pe
rso
n
10
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
I
d
en
tifi
ca
tio
n
o
f
h
ija
iya
h
letters
u
s
in
g
w
ir
ele
s
s
ly
co
n
tr
o
lled
a
r
a
b
ic
…
(
N
ik
A
z
ima
h
Za
in
a
b
N
ik
Mo
h
d
R
a
h
imi
)
831
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
also
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
So
m
e
p
er
s
o
n
m
i
g
h
t
u
s
e
m
o
r
e
tactile
s
en
s
e
ca
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
tacti
le
m
o
r
e
s
en
s
iti
v
e
th
a
n
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
er
e
m
ig
h
t
s
o
m
e
i
s
s
u
es
o
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
e
f
r
a
m
e/b
o
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le.
E
x
a
ct
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
o
le
n
o
id
w
a
s
n
o
t
g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
an
d
all
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
w
as
d
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
r
u
ler
i
n
ce
n
ti
m
eter
u
n
it
b
y
a
p
er
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
b
o
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
le
n
o
i
d
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
u
ler
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
v
al
v
e
tu
b
e
w
er
e
n
o
t
ac
cu
r
ate
s
i
n
ce
it
w
a
s
n
o
t
i
n
a
f
i
x
ed
p
o
s
itio
n
.
H
en
ce
,
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
w
as
n
o
t p
er
f
ec
tl
y
f
itted
w
it
h
t
h
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t o
f
t
h
e
s
o
len
o
id
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
o
f
th
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
w
as
p
r
i
n
ted
u
s
in
g
3
D
p
r
in
ter
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
m
i
g
h
t
h
ad
p
h
y
s
ica
ll
y
a
n
d
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
p
r
o
p
er
ties
d
ef
ec
t.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
t
h
e
r
o
u
g
h
n
e
s
s
o
f
m
ater
ial
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
r
ate
o
f
f
r
ictio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
o
len
o
id
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
lead
s
to
u
n
s
tab
l
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t o
f
t
h
e
s
o
len
o
id
s
‟
v
alv
e
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
co
r
r
ec
t
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
7
2
.
9
%
o
f
th
e
h
ij
ai
y
y
ah
b
r
aille
l
etter
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le,
in
teg
r
ated
w
i
t
h
an
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
d
m
o
b
ile
ap
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
w
ir
eles
s
l
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
is
ca
p
ab
le
in
f
ac
ilit
at
in
g
teac
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
o
f
Hij
ai
y
a
h
b
r
aille
let
ter
s
.
A
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
lo
w
co
s
t,
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
i
s
co
m
p
ac
t
an
d
lig
h
t
in
w
ei
g
h
t
to
m
a
k
e
it
h
a
n
d
y
a
n
d
p
o
r
tab
le
to
u
s
e.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
e
b
r
aille
m
o
d
u
le
m
ea
n
s
th
at
it
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
A
r
ab
ic
b
r
aille
alp
h
ab
ets,
b
u
t
f
o
r
o
th
er
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
alp
h
ab
ets
a
n
d
n
u
m
er
als.
T
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
co
r
r
ec
t
id
en
ti
f
icati
o
n
o
f
th
e
b
r
aille
letter
s
,
t
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
co
u
ld
b
e
m
ad
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ac
t,
w
it
h
n
ar
r
o
w
er
g
ap
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
i
x
r
aised
d
o
ts
(
m
in
iatu
r
e
s
o
l
en
o
id
s
)
.
A
d
d
itio
n
a
l
p
s
y
ch
o
p
h
y
s
ical
test
s
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
s
ee
th
e
u
s
er
s
‟
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
all
h
ij
ai
y
a
h
b
r
aille
letter
s
to
f
u
r
th
er
co
n
clu
d
e
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
co
r
r
ec
t id
en
tif
ica
tio
n.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
I
I
UM
R
esear
c
h
I
n
itiat
iv
e
G
r
an
t Sch
e
m
e
(
R
I
G
S1
6
-
071
-
0
2
3
5
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
“
Bli
n
d
n
e
ss
a
n
d
v
isi
o
n
im
p
a
irme
n
t
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
,
”
W
o
rl
d
He
a
lt
h
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
w
h
o
.
in
t/
n
e
w
s
-
ro
o
m
/
fa
c
t
-
sh
e
e
ts/d
e
tail/
b
li
n
d
n
e
ss
-
a
n
d
-
v
i
su
a
l
-
im
p
a
ir
m
e
n
t.
[
A
c
c
e
ss
e
d
:
2
9
-
J
a
n
-
2
0
1
9
]
.
[2
]
Bo
u
rn
e
RRA
,
F
lax
m
a
n
S
R,
B
ra
it
h
w
a
it
e
T
,
Cicin
e
ll
i
M
V
,
Da
s
A
,
Jo
n
a
s
JB,
e
t
a
l.
;
“
V
isio
n
L
o
ss
Ex
p
e
r
t
G
ro
u
p
.
M
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
,
tem
p
o
ra
l
tren
d
s,
a
n
d
p
ro
jec
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
a
l
p
re
v
a
len
c
e
o
f
b
li
n
d
n
e
ss
a
n
d
d
is
tan
c
e
a
n
d
n
e
a
r
v
isio
n
im
p
a
irme
n
t:
a
sy
st
e
m
a
ti
c
r
e
v
ie
w
a
n
d
m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
l
y
sis
”
.
L
a
n
c
e
t
Glo
b
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
e
8
8
8
–
97
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
R
y
les
,
R.
,
“
T
h
e
I
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
Bra
i
ll
e
Re
a
d
in
g
S
k
il
ls
o
n
Em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
In
c
o
m
e
,
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
Re
a
d
in
g
Ha
b
it
s”
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Vi
su
a
l
Im
p
a
irme
n
t
&
Bl
in
d
n
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
9
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
2
1
9
,
1
9
9
6
.
[4
]
W
.
El
m
a
n
n
a
i
a
n
d
K.
El
leit
h
y
,
“
S
e
n
so
r
-
Ba
se
d
A
ss
isti
v
e
De
v
i
c
e
s
f
o
r
Visu
a
ll
y
-
I
m
p
a
ired
P
e
o
p
le:
Cu
rre
n
t
S
tatu
s,
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
F
u
t
u
re
Dire
c
ti
o
n
s,”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
5
6
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
H.
C.
W
a
n
g
,
R.
K.
Ka
tzs
c
h
m
a
n
n
,
S
.
T
e
n
g
,
B.
A
ra
k
i,
L
.
G
i
a
rre
,
a
n
d
D.
Ru
s,
“
En
a
b
li
n
g
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
n
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
v
isu
a
ll
y
i
m
p
a
ired
p
e
o
p
le t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
we
a
ra
b
le v
i
sio
n
-
b
a
se
d
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
s
y
ste
m
,
”
Pro
c
.
-
IEE
E
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
Ro
b
o
t.
A
u
t
o
m.
,
p
p
.
6
5
3
3
–
6
5
4
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
“
Eq
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
Bli
n
d
,
”
Or
Ca
m
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
w
ww
.
o
rc
a
m
.
c
o
m
/
e
n
/article
/eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
-
f
o
r
-
th
e
-
b
li
n
d
/
.
[
A
c
c
e
s
se
d
:
1
1
-
Oc
t
-
2
0
1
8
]
.
[7
]
R.
D.
F
ield
s,
“
Ch
a
n
g
e
in
th
e
Bra
in
‟s
W
h
it
e
M
a
tt
e
r:
T
h
e
ro
le
o
f
th
e
b
ra
in
‟s
w
h
it
e
m
a
tt
e
r
in
a
c
ti
v
e
lea
rn
in
g
a
n
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
m
a
y
b
e
u
n
d
e
re
stim
a
ted
,
”
S
c
ien
c
e
(
8
0
-
.
).
,
v
o
l.
3
3
0
,
n
o
.
6
0
0
5
,
p
p
.
7
6
8
–
7
6
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
A
.
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
rjee
,
A
.
J.
Ye
,
J.
A
.
L
isa
k
,
M
.
G
.
V
a
rg
a
s,
D.
G
o
ld
re
ich
.
“
V
ib
r
o
tac
t
il
e
M
a
sk
in
g
Ex
p
e
r
im
e
n
ts
Re
v
e
a
l
A
c
c
e
lera
t
e
d
S
o
m
a
to
se
n
so
r
y
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
in
Co
n
g
e
n
it
a
ll
y
Bli
n
d
Bra
il
le
Re
a
d
e
rs”
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ne
u
ro
s
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
30
,
n
o
.
43
,
p
p
.
1
4
2
8
8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
T
.
M
a
n
o
a
n
d
M
.
Oh
k
a
,
“
M
e
c
h
a
n
ism
s
o
f
f
in
e
su
r
f
a
c
e
te
x
tu
re
d
isc
ri
m
in
a
ti
o
n
in
h
u
m
a
n
,
”
J
.
Acc
o
u
st.
S
o
c
.
Am
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
2
4
8
5
-
2
4
9
2
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
0
]
H.
J.
K
w
o
n
,
W
.
L
.
S
e
o
k
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
L
e
e
,
“
Bra
il
le co
d
e
d
isp
la
y
d
e
v
ic
e
w
it
h
a
P
DMS
m
e
m
b
ra
n
e
a
n
d
th
e
r
m
o
p
n
e
u
m
a
ti
c
a
c
tu
a
to
r,
”
Pro
c
.
I
EE
E
I
n
t.
C
o
n
f
.
M
icr
o
El
e
c
tro
M
e
c
h
.
S
y
st.
,
p
p
.
5
2
7
–
5
3
0
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
1
]
P
.
W
a
g
h
,
U.
P
ra
jap
a
ti
,
M
.
S
h
i
n
d
e
,
P
.
S
a
lu
n
k
e
,
V
.
Ch
a
sk
a
r,
S
.
T
e
lav
a
n
e
,
a
n
d
V
.
Ya
d
a
v
,
“
E
-
Bra
il
le
-
a
se
l
f
-
lea
rn
in
g
Bra
il
le d
e
v
ice
,
”
2
0
1
6
2
2
n
d
N
a
tl
.
Co
n
f.
Co
mm
u
n
.
NCC
2
0
1
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
“
Bra
il
le
a
l
-
Qu
r'
a
n
le
a
rn
in
g
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
Pen
d
id
ik
,
M
a
y
2
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
p
e
n
d
id
ik
.
c
o
m
.
m
y
/2
0
1
7
/
0
5
/
2
1
/
p
e
m
b
e
laja
ra
n
-
al
-
q
u
ra
n
-
b
ra
il
le.
[
A
c
c
e
ss
e
d
:
2
5
-
Ju
l
-
2
0
1
9
]
.
[1
3
]
V
e
láz
q
u
e
z
,
R.
,
He
rn
á
n
d
e
z
,
H.,
&
P
re
z
a
,
E.
,
.
“
A
p
o
rtab
le
p
iez
o
e
lec
tri
c
tac
ti
le
term
in
a
l
f
o
r
Bra
il
le
re
a
d
e
rs”
.
Ap
p
li
e
d
Bi
o
n
ics
a
n
d
Bi
o
me
c
h
a
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
45
–
60
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
S
m
it
h
m
a
it
rie,
P
.
,
Ka
n
ja
n
to
e
,
J.,
&
Tan
d
a
y
y
a
,
P
.
(2
0
0
8
)
.
T
o
u
c
h
i
n
g
f
o
rc
e
re
sp
o
n
se
o
f
th
e
p
iez
o
e
lec
tri
c
Bra
il
le
c
e
ll
.
Disa
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
Re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
:
Ass
isti
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
3
6
0
–
3
6
5
.
[1
5
]
M
.
A
d
n
a
n
,
N.
Da
sta
g
ir,
J.
Ja
b
in
,
A
.
Ch
o
w
d
h
u
ry
,
M
.
Re
z
a
u
l,
“
A
Co
st
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Bra
il
le
f
o
r
V
isu
a
ll
y
Im
p
a
ired
In
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
”
,
2
0
1
7
I
EE
E
Reg
io
n
1
0
H
u
ma
n
it
a
ri
a
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
2
1
–
2
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
8
2
6
-
8
3
2
832
[1
6
]
S
.
G
a
n
d
h
i,
B.
T
h
a
k
k
e
r,
a
n
d
S
.
Jh
a
,
“
Bra
il
le
Ce
ll
A
c
tu
a
to
r
Ba
se
d
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
V
isu
a
ll
y
Im
p
a
ired
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
”
,
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Rec
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s
in
E
lec
tro
n
ic
s,
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
&
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
p
.
1
3
8
1
–
1
3
8
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
M
o
h
d
No
r
,
A
.
Y.,
“
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
in
th
e
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
o
f
Bra
il
le
a
l
-
Qu
ra
n
a
t
th
e
M
a
lay
sia
n
A
s
so
c
iatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
Bli
n
d
”
,
Isl
a
miy
y
a
t
,
v
o
l
.
38
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
15
-
24
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
No
rsh
id
a
h
M
o
h
d
.
S
a
ll
e
h
,
Kh
a
d
ii
j
a
h
A
b
d
.
Ra
z
a
k
,
a
n
d
N
o
ra
in
i
M
o
h
d
.
S
a
ll
e
h
.
2
0
0
4
.
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
stra
teg
ies
o
f
a
l
-
Qu
ra
n
a
m
o
n
g
v
isu
a
ll
y
i
m
p
a
ir
e
d
stu
d
e
n
ts.
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
p
e
c
ial
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
n
o
.
2
:
p
p
.
4
5
2
-
4
6
3
.
[1
9
]
D.
S
.
Aw
a
n
g
D
a
m
it
,
A
.
I.
Ch
e
A
n
i,
A
.
I.
M
u
h
a
m
a
d
,
M
.
H.
A
b
b
a
s,
a
n
d
F
.
Z.
A
li
,
“
Du
a
l
b
ra
il
le co
d
e
tr
a
n
sla
to
r:
Ba
sic
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
to
o
l
f
o
r
v
isu
a
ll
y
i
m
p
a
ired
c
h
il
d
re
n
,
”
I4
C
T
2
0
1
4
-
1
st
In
t.
Co
n
f.
C
o
mp
u
t.
C
o
mm
u
n
.
C
o
n
tro
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
Pr
o
c
.
,
p
p
.
3
9
9
–
4
0
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
N.
Am
a
li
a
,
“
A
n
d
ro
id
-
b
a
se
d
h
ij
a
i
y
a
h
letter
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
f
o
r
re
f
re
sh
a
b
le
b
ra
il
le
d
isp
l
a
y
u
sin
g
m
e
l
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
e
p
stru
m
c
o
e
ff
ici
e
n
ts
a
n
d
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
In
stit
u
t
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
S
e
p
u
lu
h
No
p
e
m
b
e
r,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
1
]
A
.
A
b
u
a
lk
ish
ik
a
n
d
K.
Om
a
r,
“
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
tran
sla
ti
n
g
t
h
e
Ho
l
y
Qu
ra
n
a
n
d
it
s
re
c
it
in
g
ru
les
to
Bra
il
le
c
o
d
e
,
”
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
Res
.
I
n
n
o
v
.
In
f
.
S
y
st.
IC
RII
S
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
3
8
0
–
3
8
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
2
]
A
.
Da
sg
u
p
ta,
D.
S
e
th
,
A
.
G
h
o
sh
,
a
n
d
A
.
Na
th
,
“
Re
a
l
T
i
m
e
S
ig
n
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
to
Bra
il
le
In
terfa
c
in
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
p
p
.
3
7
1
–
3
7
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
C.
M
o
o
re
a
n
d
I.
M
u
rra
y
,
“
A
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
De
sig
n
o
f
a
L
o
w
c
o
st
Bra
il
le
Ty
p
e
w
rit
e
r,
”
in
T
h
e
S
e
v
e
n
th
Au
stra
li
a
n
a
n
d
Ne
w
Z
e
a
la
n
d
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
y
ste
ms
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
8
–
2
1
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
4
]
K.
Ka
v
it
h
a
,
A
.
P
riy
a
d
a
rsh
in
i,
a
n
d
V
.
S
a
ra
d
h
a
,
“
Bra
il
le
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
th
e
V
isu
a
ll
y
I
m
p
a
ired
,
”
in
S
e
c
o
n
d
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Aer
o
sp
a
c
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
p
.
1
3
0
1
–
1
3
0
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
N.A
.
Z.
Nik
M
o
h
d
Ra
h
im
i,
N.H.
H.
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
Ha
n
if
,
Z.
J
a
n
in
,
”
M
o
b
i
le
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
A
ra
b
ic Braill
e
,
”
5
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
ma
rt I
n
stru
me
n
t
a
ti
o
n
,
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
ica
t
io
n
s
,
2
0
1
8
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Nik
A
z
i
m
a
h
Zain
a
b
Nik
M
o
h
d
Ra
h
im
i
h
a
s
r
e
c
e
n
tl
y
re
c
e
iv
e
d
B.
En
g
in
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
I
sla
m
ic
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
1
9
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
d
e
v
ice
s,
a
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
ro
b
o
t
ics
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
in
ro
b
o
ti
c
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
las
s f
o
r
sc
h
o
o
lers
a
n
d
c
o
ll
e
g
e
stu
d
e
n
ts.
No
o
r
Ha
z
rin
Ha
n
y
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
Ha
n
if
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
e
r
B.
En
g
(Ho
n
s.)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
P
ET
RON
A
S
,
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
0
2
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
M
S
c
i
n
C
o
n
t
ro
l
S
y
ste
m
s
f
ro
m
I
m
p
e
rial
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
L
o
n
d
o
n
,
U.K.,
i
n
2
0
0
4
.
S
h
e
w
a
s a
wa
rd
e
d
th
e
P
h
D d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
&
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
o
u
t
h
a
m
p
to
n
,
U.K
in
2
0
1
6
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
A
s
sista
n
t
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
De
p
a
rtme
n
t,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Isla
m
ic
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
r
o
b
o
ti
c
s,
h
a
p
ti
c
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
r
v
e
stin
g
,
w
e
a
ra
b
le
d
e
v
ice
s
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
in
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
Dr
Ha
z
rin
is
a
S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E,
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
IET
(In
stit
u
t
io
n
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
)
a
n
d
Bo
a
rd
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs M
a
lay
si
a
(BEM
).
Zu
riati
Ja
n
in
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
En
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
ra
,
M
a
la
y
sia
in
1
9
9
6
a
n
d
M
S
c
.
in
Re
m
o
te
S
e
n
sin
g
&
G
IS
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
P
u
tra,
M
a
la
y
sia
(UP
M
)
in
2
0
0
1
.
In
2
0
0
7
,
s
h
e
b
e
g
a
n
h
e
r
stu
d
y
to
wa
rd
s
a
P
h
.
D
in
I
n
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
S
y
ste
m
a
t
th
e
Un
iv
e
r
siti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
ra
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
se
r
v
e
d
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
ra
f
o
r
2
0
y
e
a
rs
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
sh
e
is
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
UiT
M
,
S
h
a
h
A
la
m
.
Zu
riati
is
a
n
I
EE
E
S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r
(S
M
IEE
E),
IM
S
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEM
Co
m
p
a
n
i
o
n
M
e
m
b
e
r
(CIEM
),
IS
A
M
e
m
b
e
r
a
n
d
S
EE
M
M
e
m
b
e
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.