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201
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2
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wh
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io
lo
g
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o
r
b
eh
av
io
r
al
f
ea
t
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r
es
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
ter
m
‘
b
io
’
r
ef
er
s
to
b
io
lo
g
y
w
h
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it
i
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v
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lv
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s
t
h
e
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tu
d
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o
f
li
f
e
an
d
i
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
i
t
r
ef
er
s
to
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e
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u
m
an
b
o
d
il
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s
.
As
f
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ed
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o
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k
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ts
.
B
io
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ec
o
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te
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s
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til
ize
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n
d
r
etin
al
s
ca
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,
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n
d
iv
id
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al
v
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ice,
f
ac
ial
f
ea
t
u
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e
s
i
m
ilar
i
ties
an
d
f
ac
ial
t
h
er
m
o
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m
s
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d
h
an
d
g
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m
etr
y
ev
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
av
o
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ed
ar
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b
ased
o
n
f
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e
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ec
o
g
n
itio
n
a
n
d
f
in
g
er
p
r
in
t c
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
[
2
]
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
s
p
ec
ies,
h
u
m
a
n
’
s
f
ac
e
s
ar
e
v
er
y
d
iv
er
s
e
an
d
u
n
iq
u
e
[
3
]
.
E
v
er
y
h
u
m
an
h
as
a
m
o
u
t
h
,
a
n
o
s
e,
a
p
air
o
f
ey
e
s
an
d
ea
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s
,
an
d
y
et,
ev
er
y
o
n
e
lo
o
k
s
ar
e
en
tire
l
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t.
So
m
e
b
io
m
etr
ic
m
o
d
ali
ties
l
ik
e
f
i
n
g
er
p
r
in
ts
,
ir
is
,
p
al
m
p
r
in
t
s
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
s
i
n
clu
d
e
f
ac
e
a
n
d
v
o
ice
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
w
h
e
n
ev
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D
eo
x
y
r
ib
o
n
u
cleic
A
cid
(
D
N
A
)
ca
n
n
o
t
d
i
s
cr
i
m
i
n
ate
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
i
n
s
[
4
]
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
co
u
ld
h
a
v
e
a
b
ig
g
er
j
aw
,
o
r
h
av
e
m
o
r
e
wr
in
k
le
s
,
o
r
h
av
e
a
s
lig
h
tl
y
b
ig
g
er
n
o
s
e
b
u
t
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ar
e
to
tall
y
th
e
s
a
m
e.
Sin
ce
t
h
eir
g
e
n
etic
i
s
in
d
i
s
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
ab
le,
id
en
t
ical
t
w
i
n
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
d
is
ti
n
g
u
is
h
t
h
a
n
u
n
r
elate
d
p
er
s
o
n
s
[
5
]
.
Man
ip
u
la
tio
n
a
n
d
d
ec
ep
tio
n
ar
e
r
ath
er
ea
s
y
to
ex
ec
u
te
u
p
o
n
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
6
]
.
P
e
o
p
le
ten
d
to
b
e
f
o
o
led
ev
en
w
h
en
th
e
y
ar
e
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
a
lo
t.
Di
f
f
er
e
n
tiati
n
g
a
n
i
m
a
g
e
o
n
a
s
t
u
d
en
t
ca
r
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
ac
clai
m
ed
o
w
n
er
is
s
o
m
e
ti
m
es
co
n
f
u
s
i
n
g
.
H
u
m
a
n
s
c
o
u
ld
tr
u
s
t
th
eir
i
n
s
ti
n
ct
i
n
ce
r
tain
m
a
tter
s
b
u
t
n
o
t
in
t
h
e
m
atter
s
th
a
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
e
cu
r
it
y
.
A
f
itti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
i
s
i
s
v
er
y
m
u
ch
n
ee
d
ed
.
A
s
ci
ted
in
[
7
]
,
th
e
b
ase
o
f
a
w
id
e
ar
r
a
y
o
f
h
i
g
h
l
y
s
ec
u
r
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
v
a
lid
atio
n
is
w
h
at
to
b
ec
o
m
e
o
f
b
io
m
etr
ic
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l
.
11
,
No
.
1
,
J
u
ly
201
8
:
2
4
1
–
2
4
7
242
A
b
io
m
etr
ic
r
ec
o
g
n
i
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
co
u
ld
m
at
h
e
m
a
ticall
y
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
f
ac
ia
l
f
ea
t
u
r
es
[8
-
9
]
th
at
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
if
f
er
en
ti
ate
it
w
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
y
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[
1
0
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,
m
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a
n
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t
h
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s
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a
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e
v
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t
h
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n
g
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o
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th
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f
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r
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d
.
E
v
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g
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th
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s
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tu
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f
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n
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atter
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p
r
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t
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x
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s
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y
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d
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ab
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tel
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m
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r
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o
w
m
u
ch
o
f
a
lo
o
s
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
h
a
s
b
u
t
it
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
in
co
m
p
eten
t
h
u
m
a
n
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
ts
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
co
u
ld
b
e.
Fo
r
a
m
o
r
e
s
ec
u
r
ed
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
ec
u
r
ed
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
a
b
etter
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
s
ec
u
r
it
y
au
th
en
ticatio
n
i
s
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
a
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
.
T
h
e
b
io
m
etr
ics
r
ec
o
g
n
i
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
en
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
u
s
er
co
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
v
ali
d
atio
n
o
n
r
estricte
d
o
r
p
r
o
tect
ed
ac
ce
s
s
ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
b
etter
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
te
ctio
n
f
o
r
o
n
li
n
e
an
d
co
m
m
er
ci
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
Du
e
to
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
i
n
tr
u
s
iv
e,
n
at
u
r
al,
an
d
h
i
g
h
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
ac
e
d
ata
f
etc
h
i
n
g
,
au
to
m
at
ic
f
ac
ial
r
ec
o
g
n
i
tio
n
(
FR
)
h
a
s
m
a
n
y
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
o
th
er
b
io
m
etr
ics
[
12
]
.
FR
a
u
to
m
at
icall
y
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
es
o
r
id
e
n
ti
f
ies
a
n
in
d
iv
id
u
al
f
r
o
m
d
i
g
ital
i
m
a
g
e
s
o
r
a
v
id
eo
f
r
a
m
e
f
r
o
m
a
s
o
u
r
ce
as
a
co
m
p
u
ter
ap
p
l
icatio
n
[
1
3
]
.
W
ith
o
u
t
an
y
u
n
a
m
b
i
g
u
o
u
s
ac
tio
n
o
r
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
s
er
,
FR
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
p
ass
i
v
el
y
s
in
ce
t
h
eir
f
ac
es
co
u
ld
b
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
a
d
is
ta
n
t
ca
m
er
a
[
1
4
]
.
I
t
is
also
clai
m
ed
t
h
at
n
o
is
e
a
n
d
s
li
g
h
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
o
r
ien
tat
io
n
,
s
ca
le,
an
d
illu
m
in
a
tio
n
ca
n
r
e
m
u
n
er
ate
w
it
h
a
d
ec
en
t
FR
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
im
a
g
e
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
FR
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
s
p
atial
g
eo
m
etr
y
o
f
u
n
iq
u
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
o
f
th
e
f
ac
e
a
n
d
it
in
cl
u
d
es
f
i
v
e
s
ta
g
es
s
u
ch
as
(
i
)
in
d
iv
id
u
al
’
s
f
ac
e
i
m
a
g
e
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
,
(
ii)
lo
ca
te
f
ac
e
o
n
i
m
a
g
e,
(
iii)
f
ac
ial
i
m
a
g
e
an
al
y
s
is
,
(
i
v
)
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
a
n
d
(
v
)
m
atc
h
in
g
r
es
u
lt
s
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
an
o
th
er
n
o
te,
th
e
Vio
la
-
J
o
n
es
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
v
en
as
a
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
y
t
h
e
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
y
d
u
e
to
its
s
u
p
er
b
d
etec
tio
n
r
ates
an
d
s
p
ee
d
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
w
as
d
o
n
e
b
y
[
1
6
]
is
m
ai
n
l
y
an
o
b
j
ec
t
d
etec
tio
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
i
n
s
p
ir
e
d
an
d
i
m
p
lied
o
n
th
e
tas
k
o
f
d
etec
tin
g
f
ac
es.
H
ig
h
f
r
a
m
e
r
ates
w
er
e
o
b
tai
n
ab
le
ev
en
b
y
u
s
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
v
a
ilab
le
in
j
u
s
t a
s
i
n
g
le
g
r
e
y
s
ca
l
e
i
m
ag
e.
T
h
u
s
,
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
a
b
io
m
etr
ic
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
c
ar
d
s
’
u
s
i
n
g
Vio
la
-
J
o
n
es
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tu
d
y
d
etec
ts
th
e
f
ac
ial
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es
a
n
d
f
ea
t
u
r
es
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
ca
r
d
’
s
i
m
a
g
e
a
n
d
th
e
ca
r
d
h
o
ld
er
th
u
s
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tu
d
y
i
s
ex
p
ec
ted
to
o
f
f
er
a
n
e
w
w
a
y
to
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
s
y
s
te
m
in
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
ies.
T
h
e
r
e
m
ain
d
er
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
.
I
n
Sect
io
n
2
,
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
m
ater
ial
a
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
ed
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
d
etail.
S
ec
tio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
a
n
d
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
test
i
n
g
r
esu
lts
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
Sectio
n
4
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
s
th
e
co
n
c
lu
s
io
n
a
n
d
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
A
ND
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
p
ar
ts
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
test
in
g
i
m
a
g
e
s
,
f
lo
w
-
ch
ar
t
an
d
th
e
f
ac
e
d
etec
tio
n
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
Vio
la
-
J
o
n
e
s
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
.
2
.
1
.
T
esting
I
m
a
g
es
Hu
n
d
r
ed
test
in
g
i
m
a
g
es
o
f
5
0
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
test
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
.
T
w
o
t
y
p
es
o
f
in
p
u
t
i
m
a
g
e
s
o
f
ea
c
h
s
t
u
d
en
t
ar
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
t
i
m
a
g
e
a
n
d
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t c
ar
d
i
m
ag
e
a
s
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
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esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
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N:
2502
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4752
S
ec
u
r
ity
A
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th
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tio
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fo
r
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t
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d
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d
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’
B
io
metric R
ec
o
g
n
itio
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Usi
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V
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la
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A
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
S
.
I
b
r
a
h
im
)
243
T
ab
le
1
.
Sam
p
le
o
f
T
esti
n
g
I
m
ag
es
N
o
.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
I
mag
e
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
C
a
r
d
I
mag
e
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
.
2
.
F
lo
w
-
Cha
r
t
Fig
u
r
e
1
r
ev
ea
ls
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
-
c
h
ar
t.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
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c
h
ar
t
b
eg
in
s
w
it
h
a
f
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g
e
i
n
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
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er
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
i
m
a
g
e
is
o
b
tain
ab
le
t
h
r
o
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g
h
a
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y
k
i
n
d
o
f
d
ev
ices
t
h
at
p
r
o
d
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ce
s
i
m
ag
e
f
iles
w
it
h
J
P
G
o
r
P
NG
f
o
r
m
a
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
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u
e
s
b
y
d
etec
tin
g
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
an
y
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
ac
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
.
On
ce
a
f
ac
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s
tr
u
c
t
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r
e
is
d
etec
ted
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
,
th
e
f
ac
ial
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
c
h
as t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
e
y
e
s
an
d
th
e
s
ize
o
f
m
o
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t
h
ar
e
ex
t
r
ac
ted
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
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J
E
lec
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&
C
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m
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Sci,
Vo
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.
11
,
No
.
1
,
J
u
ly
201
8
:
2
4
1
–
2
4
7
244
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ov
er
all
P
r
o
ce
s
s
Flo
w
-
C
h
ar
t
Nex
t,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
o
ce
ed
s
w
i
th
a
n
in
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ca
r
d
i
m
a
g
e.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
th
e
f
ac
e
ar
e
as
o
n
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ca
r
d
i
m
a
g
e
ar
e
d
etec
te
d
an
d
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
ar
e
e
x
tr
ac
te
d
.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
f
ac
ial
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
i
m
a
g
es a
r
e
th
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
p
er
ce
n
tag
e.
2
.
3
.
F
a
ce
Det
ec
t
io
n a
nd
F
ea
t
ure
E
x
t
ra
ct
io
n us
ing
Vio
la
-
J
o
nes
Alg
o
rit
h
m
Vio
la
-
J
o
n
es
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
s
a
lo
ca
l f
ea
tu
r
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
h
ich
ca
t
eg
o
r
ized
as a
f
ea
tu
r
e
b
a
s
ed
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
I
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
Vio
la
-
J
o
n
es
al
g
o
r
ith
m
w
a
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
b
o
th
,
f
ac
e
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
Af
ter
th
e
u
s
er
h
as
u
p
lo
ad
ed
b
o
th
in
p
u
t
i
m
a
g
es,
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
es
ar
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
Vio
la
-
J
o
n
es a
lg
o
r
ith
m
co
u
ld
d
etec
t t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t f
ac
e
ar
ea
an
d
h
en
ce
,
ex
tr
ac
t th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
Or
d
in
ar
il
y
,
t
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r
ith
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(
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.
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)
247
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ab
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4
.
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v
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0
2
4.
CO
NCLU
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T
h
is
p
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ith
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m
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it is
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h
at
m
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th
an
7
0
% a
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s
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m
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ti
v
el
y
.
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to
th
e
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r
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t
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in
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u
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n
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m
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til
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m
o
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e
f
ac
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atu
r
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m
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ar
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tio
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h
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t
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s
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
as
s
u
p
p
o
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ted
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y
U
n
iv
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
AR
A
,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
A
ca
d
e
m
ic
&
R
esear
c
h
Ass
i
m
ilat
io
n
(
A
R
AS)
g
r
a
n
t (
6
0
0
-
I
R
MI
/D
A
N
A
5
/3
/
A
R
AS (
0
2
0
6
/2
0
1
6
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
V
a
ll
a
b
h
u
H,
S
a
ty
a
n
a
ra
y
a
n
a
R
V
,
“
Bio
m
e
tri
c
A
u
th
e
n
ti
c
a
ti
o
n
a
s
a
S
e
rv
ic
e
o
n
Clo
u
d
:
No
v
e
l
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
f
t
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
2
0
1
2
;
2
(
4
):
1
6
3
-
1
6
5
.
[2
]
T
rip
a
th
i
KP
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
Bio
m
e
tri
c
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
w
it
h
Re
f
e
re
n
c
e
to
Hu
m
a
n
In
terf
a
c
e
”
.
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
1
;
1
4
(5
):
1
0
-
1
5
.
[3
]
Ka
ra
m
iza
d
e
h
S
,
Ch
e
ra
g
h
i
S
M
,
M
a
z
d
a
k
Za
m
a
n
i
M
,
“
F
il
terin
g
b
a
se
d
il
lu
m
in
a
ti
o
n
n
o
rm
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
f
a
c
e
r
e
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
”
.
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
IJ
EE
CS
)
.
2
0
1
5
F
e
b
1
;
1
3
(
2
):
3
1
4
-
2
0
.
[4
]
S
u
n
Z
,
P
a
u
li
n
o
A
A
,
F
e
n
g
J,
Ch
a
i
Z,
T
a
n
T
,
Ja
in
A
K
,
“
A
stu
d
y
o
f
m
u
lt
ib
io
m
e
tri
c
traits
o
f
id
e
n
ti
c
a
l
tw
in
s
”
,
S
PIE
Bi
o
me
tric T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
fo
r H
u
ma
n
Id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
V
II
.
2
0
1
0
,
7
6
6
7
:
1
-
12.
[5
]
Krish
n
a
G
H,
Ku
m
a
r
RV
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
F
a
c
ial
M
a
rk
s
T
o
Distin
g
u
ish
Be
tw
e
e
n
Id
e
n
ti
c
a
l
Tw
in
s
u
sin
g
No
v
e
l
M
e
th
o
d
,
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ne
two
rk
S
e
c
u
rity
.
2
0
1
3
;
2
(
1
):
7
7
-
8
2
.
[6
]
Ha
d
n
a
g
y
C,
“
S
o
c
ial
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
:
T
h
e
A
rt
o
f
Hu
m
a
n
Ha
c
k
in
g
”
, 1
st
Ed
it
i
o
n
.
W
il
e
y
P
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
,
2
0
1
0
.
[7
]
Bh
a
ti
a
R,
“
Bio
m
e
tri
c
s
a
n
d
F
a
c
e
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
”
.
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
S
o
f
twa
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
2
0
1
3
;
3
(5
):
9
3
-
9
9
.
[8
]
S
ri
n
iv
a
sa
RK,
V
ij
a
y
a
KV
,
V
e
n
k
a
ta
K,
“
F
a
c
e
R
e
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
u
si
n
g
M
u
lt
i
Re
g
io
n
P
ro
m
in
e
n
t
L
BP
Re
p
r
e
se
n
tatio
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
.
2
0
1
6
;
6
(6
):
2
7
8
1
-
2
7
8
8
.
[9
]
Ed
y
W
,
A
g
u
s
H,
A
n
iati
M
A
,
Ed
i
W
,
“
F
a
c
e
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
Ha
l
f
-
Jo
in
M
e
th
o
d
u
sin
g
S
tere
o
V
isio
n
Ca
m
e
ra
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
.
2
0
1
6
;
6
(6
):
2
8
1
8
-
2
8
2
7
.
[1
0
]
Ro
h
it
T
,
Ko
m
a
l
B.
“
S
e
c
u
rit
y
o
f
Bio
m
e
tri
c
Da
ta
Us
in
g
Co
m
p
re
s
se
d
W
a
ter
m
a
rk
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
”
.
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
.
2
0
1
4
;
4
(
5
):
7
5
8
-
7
6
6
.
[1
1
]
Ku
m
a
r
A
,
Ku
m
a
r
A
,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
u
lt
i
m
o
d
a
l
b
io
m
e
tri
c
s
f
u
sio
n
u
sin
g
a
n
t
c
o
l
o
n
y
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
”
.
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
F
u
sio
n
.
2
0
1
6
;
3
2
(B)
:
49
-
6
3
.
[1
2
]
Drira
H,
Am
o
r
BB,
S
riv
a
sta
v
a
A
,
Da
o
u
d
i
M
,
S
lam
a
R,
“
3
D
F
a
c
e
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
U
n
d
e
r
Ex
p
re
ss
io
n
s,
Oc
c
lu
sio
n
s
a
n
d
P
o
se
V
a
riati
o
n
s
”
,
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s P
a
tt
e
rn
An
a
l
M
a
c
h
I
n
tell
.
2
0
4
:
2
2
7
0
-
2
2
8
3
.
[1
3
]
A
ru
lala
n
V
,
Ba
la
m
u
ru
g
a
n
G
,
P
re
m
a
n
a
n
d
V
,
“
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
Bio
m
e
tri
c
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
”
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
Co
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
2
0
1
4
;
3
(
2
):
5
7
0
8
-
5
7
1
1
.
[1
4
]
Ja
f
ri
R,
A
r
a
b
n
ia
HR,
“
A
su
rv
e
y
o
f
f
a
c
e
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
”
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
S
y
ste
ms
.
2
0
0
9
;
5
(2
)
:
4
1
-
6
8
.
[1
5
]
V
io
la
P
,
J
o
n
e
s M
J,
“
Ro
b
u
st Rea
l
-
ti
m
e
Ob
jec
t
De
te
c
ti
o
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
Vi
si
o
n
.
2
0
0
1
:
1
-
30.
[1
6
]
S
o
n
i
L
N,
Da
tar
A
,
Da
tar
S
,
“
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
V
io
la
-
Jo
n
e
s
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
Ba
se
d
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
Hu
m
a
n
F
a
c
e
De
tec
ti
o
n
”
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
u
rr
e
n
t
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
7
;
7
(
5
):
1
8
1
9
-
1
8
2
3
.
[1
7
]
Ja
in
KA
,
P
a
rk
U.
“
F
a
c
ial
m
a
rk
s:
S
o
f
t
b
io
m
e
tri
c
f
o
r
f
a
c
e
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
”
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ima
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
ICIP
.
2
0
0
9
:
37
-
4
0
.
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