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e
n
er
ato
r
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
b
in
a
r
y
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
g
o
o
d
r
an
d
o
m
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
b
u
t
with
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
an
y
d
ec
is
iv
e
f
ac
to
r
th
at
h
a
s
ass
u
r
ed
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
a
d
esire
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
ese
n
t
ap
p
r
o
a
c
h
m
ak
es
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
s
h
if
tin
g
o
f
r
e
g
is
ter
s
as
a
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
o
p
tim
izatio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Ou
r
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
is
as
f
o
llo
ws
:
th
e
s
h
if
t
o
f
an
y
r
eg
is
ter
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
s
atis
f
y
in
g
a
ce
r
tain
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
w
h
ich
s
er
v
es
to
m
a
x
im
ize
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
ch
ar
ac
ter
q
u
ality
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
o
u
r
g
e
n
er
ato
r
ca
lled
A5
/PS
O.
A
n
ew
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
also
u
s
ed
to
s
h
if
t
lin
ea
r
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
h
if
t
r
eg
is
ter
s
R
1
,
R
2
a
n
d
R
3
th
at
b
u
ild
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
A5
/
1
wh
ich
is
s
h
if
tin
g
a
n
y
r
eg
is
ter
u
s
in
g
a
ce
r
tain
s
p
ee
d
th
at
d
esi
g
n
ates
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tim
es
a
r
eg
is
ter
is
s
h
if
ted
in
a
clo
ck
t
o
p
.
T
h
is
n
ew
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
att
em
p
ts
to
lo
ad
th
e
r
e
g
is
ter
in
q
u
esti
o
n
r
a
p
id
ly
b
y
n
ew
v
alu
es so
th
at
th
e
g
en
er
at
o
r
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
in
ar
y
s
eq
u
en
c
es o
f
g
o
o
d
r
an
d
o
m
n
ess
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
r
es
ea
r
ch
is
to
d
e
v
elo
p
a
n
o
v
el
m
eth
o
d
.
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
p
s
e
u
d
o
-
r
a
n
d
o
m
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
b
ased
o
n
s
elf
-
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
in
wh
ich
th
e
q
u
a
lity
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
is
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
an
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
th
at
m
ax
im
izes
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
n
ess
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
at
ed
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
2.
SE
CUR
I
T
Y
I
N
M
O
B
I
L
E
T
E
L
E
CO
M
M
UN
I
CA
T
I
O
N
N
E
T
WO
RK
S
Ma
n
y
cr
y
p
to
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
m
o
b
ile
telec
o
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
atis
f
y
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
co
n
f
id
en
tiali
ty
an
d
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
an
d
to
au
th
en
ticate
m
o
b
ile
ter
m
in
als.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
a
c
r
y
p
t
o
s
y
s
tem
d
ep
en
d
s
ess
en
tially
o
n
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
an
d
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
g
en
er
atio
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
i.e
.
g
lo
b
al
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
(
GSM
)
,
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
m
o
b
ile
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
er
v
ice
(
UM
T
S
)
o
r
o
th
er
n
ew
g
e
n
er
at
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
en
ticatio
n
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
u
s
ed
in
GSM
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
b
ased
o
n
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
cr
y
p
to
s
y
s
tem
ca
lled
A3
as
we
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
au
th
en
ticatio
n
o
f
a
m
o
b
ile
d
e
v
ice
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
ca
l
cu
latin
g
a
s
ig
n
e
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
d
esig
n
ated
s
p
ec
ial
r
ep
o
r
t
o
n
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
(
SR
E
S
)
o
f
6
4
b
its
,
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
1
2
8
-
b
it sy
m
m
etr
ical
Ki
k
ey
an
d
a
1
2
8
-
b
it R
AND
ch
allen
g
e
s
en
t b
y
th
e
o
p
e
r
ato
r
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
SR
E
S
is
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
jo
i
n
tly
b
y
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
d
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
a
n
d
b
y
th
e
au
th
en
ticatio
n
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
.
Au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
is
ac
ce
p
ted
in
ca
s
e
o
f
eq
u
ality
o
f
v
alu
es
o
f
SR
E
S
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
th
e
au
th
en
ticatio
n
ce
n
te
r
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
an
d
th
at
ar
e
s
en
t
b
y
th
e
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice.
A8
is
a
k
ey
d
er
iv
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
th
at
g
en
e
r
ates
a
s
y
m
m
etr
i
c
k
ey
Kc
o
f
6
4
b
its
f
r
o
m
Ki
a
n
d
R
AND.
T
h
is
s
ess
io
n
k
ey
Kc
s
er
v
es
t
o
en
cr
y
p
t
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
;
it
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
ter
m
in
al'
s
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
d
an
d
b
y
th
e
Au
th
en
ticatio
n
ce
n
ter
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
Kc
to
th
e
m
o
b
ile
ter
m
in
al
f
o
r
en
cr
y
p
tin
g
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
.
C
r
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
o
f
d
ata
ex
c
h
an
g
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
.
E
n
c
r
y
p
tio
n
c
o
v
er
s
all
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
an
d
th
e
s
ig
n
alin
g
.
Actu
ally
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
er
ies
o
f
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
g
r
o
u
p
ed
u
n
d
er
th
e
n
am
e
A5
in
clu
d
in
g
A5
/1
,
A5
/2
an
d
A5
/3
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
th
e
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
to
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
n
eg
o
tiated
;
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ch
o
o
s
es a
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
lis
t o
f
th
e
o
n
es p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ter
m
in
al.
T
h
is
lis
t c
o
n
tain
s
at
least A5
/1
.
A
GSM
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
is
d
iv
i
d
ed
in
to
tim
e
b
lo
ck
s
,
ea
ch
o
f
wh
ich
is
4
.
6
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
lo
n
g
an
d
co
m
p
r
is
es
2
×1
1
4
b
its
f
o
r
b
o
th
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
c
h
an
n
els
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
c
r
ea
te
th
e
s
tar
tin
g
s
tate
o
f
a
p
s
eu
d
o
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
g
en
e
r
a
to
r
th
at
y
ield
s
2
2
8
b
its
,
a
s
ess
io
n
k
e
y
Kc
is
co
m
b
in
ed
with
b
lo
ck
c
o
u
n
ter
s
Fn
.
Af
ter
an
e
x
c
lu
si
v
e
OR (
XOR
)
with
d
ata
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
ch
an
n
els,
th
ese
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
.
2
.
1
.
Descript
io
n o
f
t
he
A5
/1
s
t
re
a
m
cipher
A5
/1
is
a
s
tr
ea
m
cip
h
er
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
ce
llu
lar
p
h
o
n
es
to
o
f
f
er
o
v
er
-
th
e
-
air
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
I
t'
s
p
o
p
u
lar
in
b
o
th
E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
Un
ited
States
.
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
n
GSM
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
d
r
iv
en
b
y
a
s
er
ies
o
f
f
r
am
es
s
en
t
ev
er
y
4
.
6
1
5
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
e
len
g
th
is
2
2
8
b
it
s
,
with
1
1
4
b
its
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
A5
/1
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
g
en
er
at
e
a
2
2
8
-
b
it
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
f
o
r
ea
ch
f
r
am
e
,
wh
ich
is
XORed
with
th
e
f
r
a
m
e'
s
2
2
8
b
its
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
A
5
/1
alg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
w
h
ich
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
E
vo
lu
tio
n
a
r
y
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
s
ec
u
r
e
mo
b
ile
telec
o
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
n
etw
o
r
ks
(
A
b
d
elka
d
er Gh
a
z
li
)
359
th
r
ee
s
h
o
r
t
lin
ea
r
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
h
if
t
r
eg
is
ter
s
(
L
FS
R
s
)
with
len
g
th
s
o
f
1
9
,
2
2
,
an
d
2
3
b
its
,
in
d
icate
d
b
y
R
1
,
R
2
,
an
d
R
3
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
A5
/1
is
s
et
u
p
with
a
6
4
-
b
it
k
ey
n
am
ed
Kc
an
d
a
2
2
-
b
it
f
r
am
e
co
u
n
t
er
ca
lled
Fn
,
wh
ich
is
p
u
b
lic
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
R
1
h
as
tap
s
at
b
it
lo
ca
tio
n
s
1
3
,
1
6
,
1
7
,
an
d
1
8
.
R
2
tap
s
at
b
it
p
o
s
iti
o
n
s
2
0
,
2
1
,
a
n
d
R
3
tap
s
at
b
it p
o
s
itio
n
s
7
,
2
0
,
2
1
,
an
d
2
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
GSM
s
ec
u
r
ity
alg
o
r
i
th
m
s
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
A5
/
1
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
A5
is
u
n
f
o
ld
ed
in
f
o
u
r
s
tep
s
:
Step
1
:
R
eset: a
ll th
e
r
eg
is
ter
s
R
1
,
R
2
an
d
R
3
ar
e
in
itialized
t
o
ze
r
o
.
Step
2
:
I
n
itializatio
n
:
L
o
ad
6
4
b
its
o
f
th
e
cip
h
er
in
g
k
ey
K
c
an
d
2
2
b
its
o
f
f
r
a
m
e
n
u
m
b
er
Fn
in
to
all
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
r
eg
is
ter
s
b
y
x
o
r
in
g
ea
c
h
b
it
o
f
Kc
an
d
Fn
with
th
e
least
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
its
o
f
ea
ch
r
eg
is
ter
,
r
eg
is
ter
s
clo
ck
ed
r
e
g
u
lar
ly
.
Step
3
:
W
ar
m
-
u
p
: Cl
o
ck
f
o
r
1
0
0
cy
cles a
n
d
d
is
ca
r
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t,
r
eg
is
ter
s
clo
ck
ed
ir
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
.
Step
4
:
E
x
ec
u
tio
n
: Cl
o
ck
f
o
r
2
2
8
cy
cles,
g
e
n
er
ate
1
1
4
+1
1
4
b
its
,
r
eg
is
ter
s
clo
ck
ed
ir
r
eg
u
la
r
ly
.
3.
P
ARTI
C
L
E
SWA
RM
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
AT
I
O
N
Op
tim
izatio
n
f
in
d
s
th
e
o
p
tim
u
m
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
a
p
r
o
b
lem
g
iv
en
a
s
et
o
f
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Swar
m
i
n
tellig
en
ce
(
SI)
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
o
llectiv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
,
s
elf
-
o
r
g
an
ize
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t c
o
u
ld
b
e
n
atu
r
al
o
r
cr
ea
ted
b
y
h
u
m
an
s
.
I
n
n
atu
r
e
,
SI
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
an
t
co
lo
n
ies,
f
is
h
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
,
b
ir
d
f
lo
ck
in
g
,
an
d
b
ee
s
war
m
in
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
35
7
-
36
6
360
Par
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
PSO
)
is
an
ev
o
lu
tio
n
n
ar
y
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
s
im
ilar
to
g
en
etic
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Ken
n
ed
y
an
d
E
b
er
h
ar
t
ca
m
e
u
p
with
th
e
id
ea
in
1
9
9
5
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
t
ac
k
le
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
cl
ass
if
icatio
n
d
if
f
icu
lties
.
T
h
e
PS
O
is
lau
n
ch
ed
with
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
m
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
cti
o
n
.
E
ac
h
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
i,
i
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
m
,
in
th
e
s
war
m
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
p
ar
ticle.
E
s
s
en
tially
,
PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
id
e
n
tifie
d
b
y
two
p
a
r
am
eter
s
:
v
elo
city
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
.
I
n
ea
ch
iter
atio
n
,
ea
ch
p
ar
ticle'
s
v
elo
city
Vi
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
Xi
ar
e
u
p
d
ate
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
itn
ess
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
u
p
d
ated
in
d
i
v
id
u
als.
E
ac
h
p
ar
ticle'
s
p
er
s
o
n
al
b
est
p
o
s
itio
n
p
B
est
an
d
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
al
b
est
p
o
s
itio
n
g
B
est
am
o
n
g
all
p
ar
ticles
ar
e
b
o
th
u
p
d
ated
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
b
est
p
o
s
itio
n
p
B
est
an
d
th
e
g
l
o
b
al
b
est
p
o
s
itio
n
g
B
est
h
av
e
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
ea
ch
p
a
r
ticle
p
k
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
PS
O
s
ee
k
s
th
e
g
lo
b
al
o
p
tim
u
m
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
b
y
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
ea
ch
p
ar
ticle'
s
tr
ajec
to
r
y
to
war
d
its
p
er
s
o
n
al
b
est p
o
s
itio
n
as we
ll
as th
e
g
lo
b
al
b
est p
o
s
itio
n
.
V
i=
w*
V
i+
c
1
*
r
1
*
(
p
B
e
s
ti
-
Xi)
+c
2
*
r
2
*
(
g
B
est
-
Xi)
V
i =
Xi+V
i w
h
er
e:
Xi
is
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticle,
Vi
is
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
v
elo
city
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticle,
i
=1
,
2
,
…
.
.
,
m
,
PB
es
t
is
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
b
est
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticle,
g
B
est
is
th
e
g
lo
b
al
b
es
t
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
all
th
e
p
ar
ticles,
w
is
th
e
in
er
tia
u
s
ed
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
v
elo
cities
v
a
lu
e.
A
lar
g
er
in
er
tia
weig
h
t
ω
f
ac
ilit
ates
g
lo
b
al
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
(
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
n
ew
ar
ea
s
)
wh
ile
a
s
m
aller
in
er
tia
weig
h
t
ten
d
s
t
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
lo
ca
l
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
[
5
]
,
r
1
an
d
r
2
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
an
d
ar
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
l
y
d
is
t
r
ib
u
ted
in
th
e
in
ter
v
al
[
0
,
1
]
,
c
1
is
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
n
s
tan
t,
ca
lled
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
elf
-
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
t;
c
2
:
is
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
n
s
tan
t,
ca
lled
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
s
o
cial
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
[
6
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ab
o
v
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
ab
o
u
t th
e
PS
O,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
a
d
escr
ip
ti
o
n
o
f
its
p
s
eu
d
o
co
d
e:
For each particle
Initialize particle
End For
Do until maximum iterations or minimum error criteria
For each particle
Calculate Data fitness value
If the fitness value is better than pBest then Setp
Best = current fitness value
If pB
est is better than gBest Then SetgBest = pBest
End For
For each particle
Calculate particle Velocity
Use gBest and Velocity to update particle Data
End For
T
h
e
s
to
p
p
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
b
e
in
g
s
o
lv
ed
.
Usu
ally
,
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
r
u
n
u
n
til
a
d
ef
in
ed
e
r
r
o
r
b
o
u
n
d
is
m
et
o
r
f
o
r
a
f
ix
e
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
.
4.
SE
M
I
NA
L
WO
RK
S
Par
k
et
a
l
.
o
f
f
er
e
d
an
o
t
h
er
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
A5
/1
s
tr
ea
m
cip
h
er
u
s
in
g
4
x
1
6
s
-
boxe
s
in
th
eir
ar
ticle
"M
o
d
if
ied
A5
/1
s
tr
ea
m
cip
h
er
u
tili
zin
g
S
-
b
o
x
es"
in
2
0
0
4
.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
A5
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
,
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
t
h
at
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
o
d
el
h
as
th
e
b
est
r
an
d
o
m
a
n
d
s
er
ial
co
r
r
elatio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
[
7
]
.
Nik
esh
o
f
f
er
e
d
two
w
ay
s
in
2
0
1
1
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
A5
/
1
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
y
s
tu
d
y
in
g
it
with
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
im
p
r
o
v
ed
in
two
way
s
:
th
e
f
ir
s
t
was
in
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
,
wh
ich
was
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
v
ar
iab
le
v
al
v
e,
wh
ic
h
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
w
as
in
th
e
s
h
if
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
wh
ich
u
s
ed
v
ar
i
o
u
s
r
e
g
is
ter
r
u
les.
I
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
ch
an
ce
s
o
f
an
L
FS
R
(
R
1
,
R
2
,
o
r
R
3
)
b
ein
g
s
h
i
f
ted
to
5
0
% f
r
o
m
7
5
% p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
[
8
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
2
,
Kau
r
an
d
B
ajaj
[
9
]
s
u
g
g
ested
a
f
aster
an
d
ea
s
ier
-
to
-
im
p
lem
e
n
t
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
A5
/1
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
'
s
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
was
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
s
tatis
tical
test
s
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
th
e
Natio
n
al
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
Stan
d
ar
d
s
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
NI
ST)
.
C
o
n
v
er
t
in
g
L
FS
R
to
NL
FS
R
an
d
c
h
an
g
in
g
th
e
co
m
b
in
in
g
f
u
n
c
tio
n
f
o
r
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ials
ar
e
in
clu
d
e
d
in
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
U
p
a
d
h
y
a
y
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
0
]
of
f
e
r
e
d
a
n
o
v
e
l
w
a
y
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
A
5
/
1
,
th
e
s
t
r
o
n
g
es
t
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
a
m
o
n
g
a
l
l
t
h
e
c
r
y
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
u
s
e
d
i
n
m
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
n
t
h
ei
r
w
o
r
k
“
R
an
d
o
m
n
e
s
s
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
A
5
/
1
s
t
r
e
a
m
c
i
p
h
e
r
f
o
r
s
e
c
u
r
e
m
o
b
i
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
i
n
M
a
r
c
h
2014
.
I
n
s
t
e
a
d
o
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
i
n
g
a
n
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
a
r
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
o
r
ia
l
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
,
t
h
e
y
o
f
f
e
r
e
d
a
c
r
y
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
as
e
d
o
n
N
L
F
SR
s
(
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
s
h
i
f
t
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
s
)
.
W
i
t
h
o
n
l
y
a
li
t
tl
e
i
n
cr
e
a
s
e
i
n
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
l
y
b
e
tt
e
r
a
n
d
s
t
r
o
n
g
e
r
[
1
0
]
.
S
a
d
k
h
a
n
a
n
d
J
a
w
a
d
[
1
1
]
p
r
e
s
en
t
e
d
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
A5
/
1
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
b
y
a
d
d
i
n
g
a
u
n
i
t
d
e
l
a
y
t
o
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t
h
e
n
e
w
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
[
1
9
]
.
5.
O
UR
CO
NT
RI
B
U
T
I
O
N:
A5
/PSO
Au
th
o
r
s
’
g
o
al
is
to
cr
ea
te
s
u
ch
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
ec
u
r
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
k
n
o
wn
as
A5
/PS
O,
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
d
ep
l
o
y
m
en
t
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ar
e
s
ec
u
r
e.
Ou
r
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
c
o
n
s
is
ts
in
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
a
n
ew
g
en
er
ato
r
t
h
at
is
ess
en
tial
ly
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
A5
/
1
an
d
b
y
th
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
a
n
ew
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
g
u
ar
an
teein
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
o
u
r
g
en
er
at
o
r
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
o
v
er
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
A5
/1
'
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ca
u
s
ed
esp
ec
ially
b
y
its
s
h
if
t sy
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
a
s
o
-
ca
lled
m
ajo
r
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
tap
s
b
its
o
f
R
1
ar
e
d
ef
in
e
d
at
p
lace
s
1
3
,
16,
17,
1
8
in
t
h
e
A5
/PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
tap
s
o
f
R
2
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
at
p
o
s
itio
n
s
2
0
,
2
1
,
an
d
th
e
tap
s
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
R
3
ar
e
d
e
f
in
ed
at
p
o
s
itio
n
s
7
,
2
0
,
21,
2
2
.
E
ac
h
p
ar
ticle
o
r
r
eg
is
ter
h
as
a
s
in
g
l
e
clo
ck
in
g
b
it
in
p
o
s
itio
n
8
f
o
r
R
1
,
1
0
f
o
r
R
2
an
d
R
3
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
th
at
p
r
esen
ts
2
2
8
b
its
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
x
o
r
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
its
o
f
ea
ch
r
eg
is
ter
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
with
A
5
/1
'
s
clo
ck
in
g
s
y
s
tem
an
d
m
a
k
e
it
m
o
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
,
I
n
th
e
A
5
/PS
O,
a
n
ew
cl
o
ck
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
clo
ck
in
g
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
s
in
th
e
las
t
s
tep
o
f
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
wh
er
e
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
clo
ck
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
b
ased
PS
O
co
n
tain
two
r
u
les:
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
r
u
le
a
n
d
th
e
PS
O
r
u
le.
T
ab
le
1
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
A5
/1
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A5
/PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
r
u
le
c
o
n
s
is
ts
in
a
r
eg
is
ter
th
at
ca
n
b
e
clo
ck
e
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
M,
wh
ich
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
clo
ck
in
g
b
it
o
f
ea
ch
r
e
g
i
s
ter
R
1
[
8
]
,
R
2
[
1
0
]
an
d
R
3
[
1
0
]
an
d
an
y
r
eg
is
ter
wh
o
s
e
clo
ck
in
g
b
it
eq
u
als
to
M,
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
clo
c
k
ed
.
I
n
th
e
PS
O
r
u
le
,
an
y
r
eg
is
ter
p
r
esen
t
s
a
p
ar
ticle
th
at
ca
n
b
e
clo
ck
e
d
o
r
n
o
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
an
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
f
a
v
o
r
ites
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
k
e
y
s
tr
ea
m
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
35
7
-
36
6
362
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
A5
/
1
an
d
A5
/PS
O
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
A
5
/
1
A
5
/
P
S
O
I
n
p
u
t
s
K
c
,
F
n
K
c
,
F
n
,
F
i
t
n
e
ss
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
O
u
t
p
u
t
s
2
2
8
b
i
t
s
2
2
8
b
i
t
s
C
l
o
c
k
i
n
g
R
u
l
e
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
-
P
S
O
R
u
l
e
T
h
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
an
y
o
p
t
im
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
to
m
in
i
m
ize
o
r
m
ax
im
ize
an
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
h
er
e
is
to
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
n
ess
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
g
en
er
ate
d
b
y
o
u
r
g
en
er
ato
r
ca
lled
A5
/PS
O.
Un
l
ik
e
th
e
o
th
er
co
m
p
u
tati
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
ea
ch
p
ar
ticle
in
PS
O
h
as
a
v
elo
city
an
d
it
m
o
v
es in
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e
an
d
ad
ju
s
ts
its
v
elo
city
d
y
n
am
ical
ly
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
its
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ea
m
cip
h
er
,
ea
ch
r
eg
is
ter
p
r
esen
ts
a
p
ar
tic
le
an
d
th
e
v
elo
city
o
f
ea
ch
p
ar
ticl
e
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tim
es th
at
th
e
r
eg
is
t
er
will b
e
s
h
if
ted
.
T
h
e
r
eg
is
ter
th
at
will b
e
s
h
if
ted
with
a
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
m
ea
n
s
th
at
its
v
alu
es
ar
e
n
o
t
r
ea
lly
r
an
d
o
m
s
o
it
h
as
t
o
b
e
s
h
if
ted
s
ev
er
al
tim
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
ab
le
t
o
ch
an
g
e
its
v
alu
es
r
ap
id
ly
.
A
r
eg
is
ter
t
h
at
will
b
e
s
h
if
ted
with
a
s
m
all
s
p
ee
d
m
ea
n
s
th
at
its
b
eh
av
io
r
is
n
e
ar
er
to
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
PS
O'
s
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
th
e
A
5
/PS
O
o
p
er
atio
n
is
b
r
o
k
en
d
o
wn
in
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
:
I
n
p
u
t
:
Kc
,
Fn
a
n
d
T
h
e
Fit
n
ess
Fu
n
ctio
n
F.
Ou
tp
u
t
: K
ey
s
tr
ea
m
.
Step
1
: I
n
itializatio
n
−
All th
e
r
eg
is
ter
s
to
ze
r
o
.
−
I
n
itializatio
n
o
f
Kc
an
d
Fn
.
−
I
n
itializatio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticles,
wh
e
r
e
ea
ch
p
ar
ticle
is
p
r
esen
te
d
b
y
o
n
e
r
eg
is
ter
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
A5
/1
as
f
o
llo
ws P1
=R1
,
P2
=R2
,
P3
=R3
.
−
Def
in
e
th
e
Fit
n
ess
Fu
n
ctio
n
F=
∑ Pv
alu
e
i
/N; w
h
er
e
i=1
.
.
.
N
an
d
N
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tatis
ti
ca
l T
est.
Step
2
: I
n
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
Kc
−
T
h
e
6
4
b
its
o
f
th
e
k
e
y
Kc
ar
e
in
ter
r
ed
b
y
XORi
n
g
,
ea
ch
b
it
with
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
it
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
eg
is
ter
b
y
u
s
in
g
it
s
tap
s
v
alu
e
s
.
−
R
eg
is
ter
s
ar
e
clo
ck
ed
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
.
Step
3
: I
n
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
Fn
−
T
h
e
2
2
b
its
o
f
th
e
k
ey
Fn
ar
e
in
ter
r
ed
b
y
XORi
n
g
ea
c
h
b
it
with
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
it
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
eg
is
ter
b
y
u
s
in
g
its
tap
s
v
alu
e
s
.
−
R
eg
is
ter
s
ar
e
clo
ck
ed
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
.
Step
4
: War
m
u
p
: Cl
o
ck
f
o
r
1
0
0
cy
cles a
n
d
d
is
ca
r
d
s
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Ma
jo
r
ity
R
u
le
For i
=1 to 100 do
Calculate M= Major
ity (R1 [8], R2 [10], R3 [10]))
If (R1 [8] =M) then clock R1
End if
If (R2 [10] =M) then clock R2
End if
If (R3 [10] =M) then clock R3
End if
End for
Step
5
: E
x
ec
u
tio
n
a
p
p
ly
in
g
PS
O
R
u
le
For each particle Pi: Calculate Fitness F
RI
Unitizing each particle Pi best fitness by: PBest
Ri
=F
Ri
Initialized
gBest
= the higher value of (F
R1
, F
R2
, F
R3
)
Initializing all velocities V
R1
, V
R2
, V
R3
of all particles P1, P2, P3 to zero
For
J=1 to 228 do
Calculate
F
= Fitness (Key stream+ (R1 [19]
^
R2 [22]
^
R3 [23]))
If
(
F
>gBest
)
cl
oc
k
al
l
r
eg
is
te
rs
ir
re
gu
la
rl
y
us
in
g
to
th
e
ma
jo
ri
ty
Ru
le
a
nd
pr
od
uc
e
one bit of the Keystream
Else
For i=1 to 3 do
For each particle P
I:
Calculate Fitness F
Ri
Update pBest
Ri
: if (F
Ri
>pBest
Ri
)then pBest
Ri
= F
Ri
end if
End for
Update gBest
For I=1 to 3 do
Calculate the Velocity of each register using the equation
V
RI
= V
RI
+C1 X Rand1 X (pBest
RI
-
F
Ri
) + C2 X Rand2 X (gBest
-
F
Ri
)
End for
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
E
vo
lu
tio
n
a
r
y
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
s
ec
u
r
e
mo
b
ile
telec
o
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
n
etw
o
r
ks
(
A
b
d
elka
d
er Gh
a
z
li
)
363
Sh
if
t
ea
ch
register
acco
rding
to
its
velocity
V
RI
an
d
pr
od
uc
e
on
e
bi
t
of
th
e
keystream
End if
End for
6.
P
E
RF
O
RM
A
NCE
E
VA
L
U
AT
I
O
N
O
F
A5
/PSO
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
s
o
m
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
tr
ied
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
esp
ec
ially
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
A5
/1
,
wh
ich
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
air
in
ter
f
ac
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
i
ce
an
d
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Alm
o
s
t
all
o
f
th
ese
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
av
e
tr
ie
d
to
o
v
e
r
s
tate
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
wea
k
n
ess
es
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
A5
/1
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
k
ey
an
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
m
a
n
ag
es
th
e
clo
ck
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
eg
is
ter
s
th
at
c
o
m
p
o
s
e
A5
/1
.
As
th
e
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws,
So
m
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
attem
p
ted
to
u
s
e
NL
FS
R
in
s
tead
o
f
L
FS
R
,
o
th
er
s
h
av
e
d
ir
ec
ted
to
u
s
e
s
b
o
x
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
th
e
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e'
s
s
af
ety
cr
y
p
to
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
o
th
er
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
h
av
e
tr
ie
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
s
co
m
p
o
s
es
A5
/1
o
r
to
im
p
lem
en
t
a
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
jo
in
t
ly
with
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
an
ag
e
b
etter
th
e
s
h
if
t
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t r
eg
is
ter
s
co
m
p
o
s
e
th
e
A5
/1
s
tr
ea
m
cip
h
er
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
s
o
m
e
en
h
an
ce
d
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
A5
/1
Ref
Y
e
a
r
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
H
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
C
h
a
n
g
e
Ti
me
C
o
m
p
l
e
x
i
t
y
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
F
a
c
t
o
r
A
5
/
1
1
9
9
9
A
5
/
1
-
-
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
No
[
7
]
2
0
0
4
-
M
a
j
o
r
H
i
g
h
S
-
b
o
x
e
s
No
[
8
]
2
0
1
1
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
A
5
/
1
M
a
j
o
r
H
i
g
h
F
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
sm+
M
R
u
l
e
No
[
9
]
2
0
1
2
-
M
i
n
o
r
Lo
w
N
LFS
R
+
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
No
[
1
0
]
2
0
1
4
-
M
e
d
i
u
m
M
e
d
i
u
m
N
LFS
R
No
[
1
1
]
2
0
1
4
-
M
i
n
o
r
Lo
w
U
n
i
t
d
e
l
a
y
+
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
No
[
1
2
]
2
0
1
4
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
A
5
/
1
M
a
j
o
r
H
i
g
h
4
LFS
R
+
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
No
[
1
3
]
2
0
1
5
-
M
i
n
o
r
Lo
w
M
U
X
+
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
No
[
1
4
]
2
0
1
6
-
M
a
j
o
r
H
i
g
h
S
-
b
o
x
+
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
No
[
1
5
]
2
0
1
7
E
-
A
5
/
1
M
i
n
o
r
Lo
w
X
O
R
+
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
No
[
1
6
]
2
0
1
7
-
M
a
j
o
r
H
i
g
h
5
LFS
R
+
S
b
o
x
No
[
1
8
]
2
0
1
9
-
M
a
j
o
r
Lo
w
4
LFS
R
+
F
i
l
t
r
i
n
g
No
[
1
9
]
2
0
1
9
-
M
i
n
o
r
Lo
w
M
O
S
F
ET
No
OUR
2
0
2
1
A
5
/
P
S
O
M
i
n
o
r
Lo
w
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
R
u
l
e
P
S
O
R
u
l
e
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
clu
d
es
a
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
th
at
g
u
ar
an
tees
t
h
e
q
u
al
ity
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ated
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
an
d
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
,
if
n
o
t
all
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
,
u
s
es
th
e
NI
ST
s
tatis
tical
test
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
is
o
f
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
.
E
v
e
n
if
k
ey
s
team
h
as
a
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
,
t
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
d
o
n
o
t
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
in
itializatio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
eir
en
h
an
ce
d
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
A5
/1
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
ec
au
s
e
a
litt
le
ch
an
g
e
in
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
c
lu
d
in
g
Kc
a
n
d
th
e
Fn
ca
n
in
f
l
u
en
ce
v
itally
th
e
q
u
ality
g
e
n
e
r
a
ted
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
.
A5
/PS
O
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
ew
way
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
A5
/1
g
en
e
r
ato
r
b
y
m
ak
in
g
it
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
licated
,
s
af
e,
an
d
r
esis
tan
t
to
k
n
o
wn
ass
au
lts
.
Ou
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
teg
r
ates
a
s
m
all
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
at
in
tellig
en
tly
co
n
tr
o
ls
a
s
h
if
tin
g
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
eg
is
ter
s
th
at
co
m
p
o
s
e
A5
/1
.
T
h
is
n
ew
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
an
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
k
n
o
wn
as
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
7.
SE
CUR
I
T
Y
ANA
L
YS
I
S O
F
A5
/PSO
T
h
e
A5
/1
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
m
ass
iv
ely
d
ep
lo
y
e
d
,
b
u
t
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
f
f
er
a
b
s
o
lu
te
p
r
iv
ac
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
A5
/
1
h
as
b
ee
n
cr
y
p
ta
n
aly
s
ed
an
d
s
e
v
er
al
attac
k
s
ag
ain
s
t
A5
/1
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
s
in
ce
th
e
late
1
9
9
0
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
tr
y
t
o
p
r
esen
t
s
o
m
e
k
n
o
wn
a
ttack
s
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
A5
/
1
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
th
ese
at
tack
s
o
n
o
u
r
m
o
d
if
ied
v
e
r
s
io
n
k
n
o
wn
as A5
/PS
O.
7
.
1
.
G
ues
s
a
nd
det
er
m
ine a
t
t
a
ck
s
An
d
er
s
o
n
u
s
ed
a
g
u
ess
an
d
d
eter
m
in
e
attac
k
o
n
A5
/1
in
1
9
9
4
.
He
ad
v
o
ca
ted
g
u
ess
in
g
al
l
b
its
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
s
R
1
(
1
9
b
its
)
an
d
R
2
(
1
9
b
its
)
as
well
as
1
1
b
its
o
f
R
3
(
2
2
b
its
)
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
estab
lis
h
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
'
s
in
itial
s
tate,
wh
er
e
th
e
attac
k
er
wo
u
l
d
ex
a
m
in
e
r
o
u
g
h
ly
2
52
(
1
9
+2
2
+
1
1
=5
2
)
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
to
g
et
th
e
c
o
r
r
ec
t
u
n
k
n
o
wn
b
its
o
f
R
3
[
2
1
]
.
L
ater
in
1
9
9
7
,
G
o
lic
[
2
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
attac
k
o
n
th
e
alg
o
r
i
th
m
A5
/1
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
o
f
e
q
u
atio
n
s
in
wh
ic
h
th
e
f
ir
s
t,
h
alf
o
f
th
e
in
itial
v
alu
es
f
o
r
all
th
e
r
e
g
is
ter
s
R
1
,
R
2
,
an
d
R
3
wer
e
g
u
ess
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
v
alu
es o
f
th
ese
r
eg
is
ter
s
b
ased
o
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
a
k
n
o
wn
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
b
y
s
o
lv
in
g
a
s
et
o
f
6
4
x
6
4
lin
e
ar
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
attac
k
'
s
co
m
p
lex
ity
was
ar
o
u
n
d
2
4
0
a
n
d
n
e
ce
s
s
itated
s
o
m
an
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
attac
k
h
ad
a
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
2
40
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
Gau
s
s
ian
E
lim
in
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
to
s
o
lv
e
m
o
r
e
th
an
4
0
lin
ea
r
e
q
u
atio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
35
7
-
36
6
364
A
n
ew
clo
ck
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
o
u
r
A5
/
PS
O
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
T
h
is
n
ew
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
is
n
o
t
b
ased
ju
s
t
o
n
ly
o
n
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
tak
es
th
r
ee
in
p
u
t
b
its
(
R
1
[
8
]
,
R
2
[
1
0
]
,
R
3
[
1
0
]
)
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
s
in
g
le
o
u
tp
u
t b
it.
T
h
e
n
ew
PS
O
r
u
le
u
s
ed
in
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
ee
d
s
all
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
all
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
b
it
o
u
tp
u
t.
Gu
ess
ed
a
s
m
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
its
d
o
n
o
t
s
ee
m
en
o
u
g
h
to
b
e
ab
le
to
m
ak
e
an
attac
k
.
Ma
h
alan
o
b
is
an
d
Sh
ah
[
2
3
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
b
etter
v
er
s
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
Gu
ess
an
d
Dete
r
m
in
e
attac
k
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
A5
/1
cip
h
er
in
2
0
1
4
;
it
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
o
u
g
h
ly
2
48.
5
.
First,
1
9
b
its
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
R
1
ar
e
g
u
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
6
4
b
its
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
av
ailab
le
to
cr
y
p
t
an
aly
s
t,
an
d
th
en
th
e
in
itial v
alu
es o
f
r
eg
is
ter
s
R
1
an
d
R
2
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
at,
a
s
tate
s
et
will
b
e
cr
ea
ted
,
o
r
ea
ch
n
ew
s
tate
will
d
esig
n
ate
a
ca
n
d
id
ate
g
en
er
at
o
r
.
E
ac
h
g
e
n
er
ato
r
will
b
e
s
tar
ted
to
g
e
n
er
ate
a
s
et
o
f
b
its
th
at
will
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
b
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
t
h
e
6
4
b
its
o
f
k
e
y
s
tr
ea
m
th
a
t
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le.
T
h
e
in
itial
v
alu
es
o
f
r
e
g
is
ter
s
R
1
,
R
2
,
an
d
R
3
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
s
ec
r
et
k
ey
r
e
q
u
ested
if
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
ts
o
f
t
h
e
ca
n
d
id
ate
g
e
n
er
ato
r
m
atch
th
e
Key
s
tr
ea
m
a
v
ailab
le.
T
h
e
attac
k
was
p
o
r
tr
ay
e
d
in
two
s
tag
es:
p
r
e
-
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
d
et
er
m
in
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
im
ilar
ly
s
p
lit
in
to
two
h
alv
es.
Pro
ce
s
s
in
g
Ph
ase
1
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
its
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
s
R
2
an
d
R
3
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t sig
n
if
ican
t b
its
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
R
1
an
d
th
e
av
ailab
le
k
ey
s
tr
e
am
b
its
.
T
h
e
clo
ck
in
g
b
its
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
s
R
2
,
an
d
R
3
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
,
wh
ich
was
d
u
b
b
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
h
ase2
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lex
i
ty
o
f
ce
r
tain
Gu
ess
an
d
Dete
r
m
in
e
attac
k
s
o
n
th
e
A5
/1
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
3
T
h
e
ass
au
lt
is
1
0
0
p
er
ce
n
t
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
es
5
.
6
5
GB
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
attac
k
is
p
r
ed
icate
d
o
n
t
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
'
s
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
,
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
to
clo
c
k
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
s
R
1
,
R
2
,
an
d
R
3
.
Af
ter
1
1
clo
c
k
in
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
lete
s
tate
ca
n
d
i
d
a
tes
th
at
co
n
tain
t
h
e
g
e
n
u
in
e
k
ey
g
r
o
ws,
an
d
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
d
is
co
v
er
in
g
th
e
k
ey
am
o
n
g
all
co
m
p
lete
s
tate
ca
n
d
id
ates
g
r
o
ws
as
well.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
ce
r
tain
k
n
o
w
n
Gu
ess
an
d
Dete
r
m
in
e
attac
k
s
o
n
th
e
A5
/PS
O.
I
n
A5
/PS
O,
th
e
k
e
y
s
tr
ea
m
is
g
en
er
ated
in
th
e
last
s
tep
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
2
2
8
b
its
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
PS
O
r
u
le.
C
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
,
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
t
a
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
b
its
o
f
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
R
2
an
d
R
3
f
r
o
m
a
f
ew
b
its
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
th
e
attac
k
er
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
PS
O
R
u
le
r
eq
u
ir
ed
th
at
all
th
e
v
alu
es o
f
all
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
s
R
1
,
R
2
,
R
3
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
ev
en
if
an
attac
k
er
b
u
ild
s
a
lis
t
o
f
co
m
p
lete
s
tates
ca
n
d
id
ates,
h
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
th
e
cr
iter
io
n
o
f
o
p
tim
izatio
n
ca
r
r
ie
d
b
y
th
e
PS
O
r
u
le.
T
h
is
r
eg
ar
d
s
th
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
ass
ig
n
e
d
to
th
e
PS
O
R
u
le,
s
in
ce
th
is
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
n
ev
er
in
ter
ch
a
n
g
ed
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
s
tatio
n
an
d
th
e
n
et
wo
r
k
.
Fo
r
all
th
ese
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
is
attac
k
is
2
64
.
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
o
f
s
o
m
e
A5
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g
u
ess
an
d
d
eter
m
in
e
at
tack
s
A
t
t
a
c
k
B
i
t
s Gu
e
sse
d
K
e
y
st
r
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m
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
C
o
m
p
l
e
x
i
t
y
A
n
d
e
r
so
n
5
2
b
i
t
s
0
b
i
t
s
2
52
G
o
l
i
c
3
2
b
i
t
s
0
b
i
t
s
2
40
M
a
h
a
l
a
n
o
b
i
s& S
h
a
h
1
9
b
i
t
s
2
6
=
6
4
b
i
t
s
2
48
.
5
T
ab
le
4
.
R
esis
tan
ce
o
f
A5
/1
to
s
o
m
e
k
n
o
w
n
g
u
ess
an
d
d
eter
m
in
e
attac
k
s
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
A
5
/
1
C
o
m
p
l
e
x
i
t
y
A
t
t
a
c
k
B
i
t
s Gu
e
ssed
C
o
mpl
e
x
i
t
y
B
i
t
s Gu
e
ssed
C
o
mpl
e
x
i
t
y
A
n
d
e
r
so
n
5
2
b
i
t
s
2
52
6
4
b
i
t
s
2
64
G
o
l
i
c
3
2
b
i
t
s
2
40
6
4
b
i
t
s
2
64
M
a
h
a
l
a
n
o
b
i
s& S
h
a
h
1
9
b
i
t
s
2
48
.
5
6
4
b
i
t
s
2
64
7
.
2
.
C
o
rr
ela
t
io
n a
nd
t
i
m
e
m
em
o
ry
t
r
a
de
o
f
a
t
t
a
c
k
s
E
k
d
ah
l
a
n
d
J
o
h
a
n
s
s
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ew
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
attac
k
o
f
th
e
A5
/1
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
in
2
0
0
2
,
wh
ich
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
wea
k
k
ey
in
itializatio
n
th
at
s
ep
ar
ates
th
e
s
ess
io
n
k
ey
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
r
am
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
attac
k
h
as
a
h
ig
h
s
u
cc
ess
r
ate
o
f
o
v
er
7
0
%,
y
et
th
e
ass
au
lt's
co
m
p
lex
ity
is
m
er
ely
lin
ea
r
in
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
s
h
if
t
r
eg
is
ter
s
,
r
ely
in
g
in
s
tead
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ir
r
e
g
u
lar
clo
ck
s
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
k
e
y
s
tr
ea
m
is
g
e
n
er
ated
.
T
h
e
attac
k
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
s
4
0
in
itial
b
its
f
r
o
m
2
16
f
r
am
es,
wh
ich
is
n
ea
r
ly
5
m
in
u
tes
o
f
u
n
en
cr
y
p
ted
GSM
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
.
B
ir
y
u
k
o
v
et
a
l
.
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
b
ia
s
ed
b
ir
th
d
ay
attac
k
[
2
5
]
,
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
tim
e
m
em
o
r
y
tr
ad
e
o
f
f
attac
k
,
in
2
0
0
1
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
id
e
a
b
eh
i
n
d
th
is
attac
k
is
to
lo
o
k
at
s
et
s
A
an
d
B
th
at
ar
en
'
t
s
elec
te
d
u
s
in
g
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
all
co
n
ce
iv
ab
le
s
tates.
I
n
2
0
0
1
,
B
ir
y
u
k
o
v
et
a
l
.
p
r
esen
ted
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
tim
e
m
em
o
r
y
tr
ad
e
o
f
f
attac
k
s
ca
lled
b
iase
d
b
ir
t
h
d
ay
attac
k
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
id
ea
o
f
th
is
attac
k
is
to
co
n
s
id
er
s
ets
A
an
d
B
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
n
o
t
ch
o
s
en
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
am
o
n
g
all
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
tates.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
th
at
m
a
k
es
th
i
s
attac
k
ef
f
icien
t
is
th
at
in
th
e
s
tan
d
a
r
d
GSM
A5
/
1
,
th
e
r
e
g
is
ter
b
its
th
at
af
f
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t
th
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clo
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o
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ter
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at
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th
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t
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r
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n
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elate
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f
o
r
ab
o
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t
1
6
cl
o
ck
cy
cles.
T
h
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
th
e
s
tat
e
(
2
64
=2
19
+2
22
+2
23
)
to
b
e
s
am
p
led
t
o
2
48
=2
64
-
2
16
.
B
ec
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s
e
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
b
its
th
at
im
p
ac
t
th
e
clo
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o
n
tr
o
l
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d
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
b
its
th
a
t
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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d
o
n
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J
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n
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&
C
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m
p
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-
4
7
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vo
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tio
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p
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365
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elate
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1
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o
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in
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
GS
M
A5
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,
t
h
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ap
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h
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e
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th
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led
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o
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2
64
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22
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23
to
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4
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64
-
2
16
.
T
h
ese
attac
k
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
f
laws
in
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
A5
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alg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
u
s
ag
e
o
f
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
ese
attac
k
s
will
n
o
t
wo
r
k
o
n
th
e
A5
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,
wh
ic
h
h
as
b
ee
n
im
p
r
o
v
ed
a
n
d
is
n
o
w
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
A5
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O,
b
ec
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s
e
th
e
wea
k
n
ess
es
o
f
th
is
s
o
-
ca
lled
m
ajo
r
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
h
a
n
d
les
th
e
s
h
if
tin
g
o
f
th
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
A5
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r
eg
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ter
s
is
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
n
ew
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
w
h
ich
is
b
ased
o
n
a
cr
iter
io
n
o
f
o
p
tim
izatio
n
u
s
in
g
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
m
in
im
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
ield
o
f
th
is
at
tac
k
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o
t
tak
en
in
to
co
n
s
id
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atio
n
in
th
is
n
ew
ap
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r
o
ac
h
,
s
in
ce
th
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
b
its
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o
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n
o
t
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ep
en
d
o
n
ly
o
n
s
o
m
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
its
o
f
ea
ch
r
e
g
is
ter
b
u
t r
ath
er
o
n
all
th
e
b
its
co
n
s
titu
tin
g
th
e
A5
/PS
O.
8.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
ellu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
m
u
s
t
m
o
r
e
th
an
e
v
er
m
ee
t
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
to
en
s
u
r
e
b
est
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
b
jectiv
es
in
clu
d
in
g
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
,
in
teg
r
ity
,
a
n
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
.
Sev
er
al
ar
ticles
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
aim
in
g
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
i
n
m
o
b
ile
telep
h
o
n
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
m
o
r
e
p
ar
t
ic
u
lar
ly
th
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
to
t
h
e
s
er
ies
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
o
f
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
n
am
ed
A5
,
wh
o
s
e
A5
/1
v
er
s
io
n
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
o
b
u
s
t.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
co
r
p
o
r
at
es
a
m
ec
h
an
is
m
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
eir
p
s
eu
d
o
-
r
an
d
o
m
g
en
er
ato
r
s
.
B
y
th
e
way
,
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
au
th
o
r
s
,
if
n
o
t
all,
u
s
e
NI
ST
test
s
to
b
e
ab
le
to
v
alid
ate
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
g
en
er
ated
with
a
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
itializatio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
o
r
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
will
n
o
t
d
is
cu
s
s
i
t
in
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
ca
s
es.
Su
ch
a
g
en
e
r
ato
r
ca
n
g
iv
e
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
p
s
eu
d
o
-
r
an
d
o
m
s
e
q
u
en
ce
s
with
ce
r
tain
in
itializa
tio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
b
u
t
th
e
q
u
ality
m
a
y
b
e
d
eg
r
ad
ed
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
o
th
er
in
itializatio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
in
itiated
to
a
n
e
w
class
o
f
p
s
eu
d
o
r
an
d
o
m
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
wh
er
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
g
en
e
r
ated
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
is
g
u
ar
a
n
teed
.
O
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
k
n
o
wn
as
Par
ticle
Swar
m
Op
tim
izatio
n
Alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
th
is
ar
ticle
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
a
n
ew
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
A5
/1
s
tr
ea
m
cip
h
er
c
alled
A5
/PS
O
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
f
A
5
/1
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
m
ak
e
it r
o
b
u
s
t a
n
d
r
esis
tiv
e
to
s
o
m
e
k
n
o
wn
a
ttack
s
.
Af
ter
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
esu
lts
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ea
m
cip
h
er
h
as
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
n
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
g
o
o
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
ch
em
e.
W
h
en
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
cip
h
e
r
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
A
5
/1
,
a
s
ec
u
r
ity
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
s
ch
em
e
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
it
is
v
er
y
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
er
.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
g
en
e
r
ato
r
is
a
g
r
ea
t w
ay
to
c
r
ea
te
n
ew
p
s
eu
d
o
r
an
d
o
m
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
th
at
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
a
ted
k
ey
s
tr
ea
m
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
Ko
u
rk
c
h
i,
H.
Tav
a
k
o
li
,
a
n
d
M
.
Na
d
e
ri,
“
An
imp
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
ll
isio
n
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
li
ty
in
b
ias
e
d
b
irt
h
d
a
y
a
tt
a
c
k
a
g
a
in
st
A5
/
1
stre
a
m
c
ip
h
e
r,
"
2
0
1
0
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(EW
)
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
4
4
4
-
4
4
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
EW
.
2
0
1
0
.
5
4
8
3
4
9
6
.
[2
]
S
.
Ba
b
b
a
g
e
,
“
A
S
p
a
c
e
/
Ti
m
e
Trad
e
o
ff
in
E
x
h
a
u
stiv
e
S
e
a
rc
h
Attac
k
s
o
n
S
trea
m
Cip
h
e
rs,
”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
Co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
o
n
S
e
c
u
rity a
n
d
De
tec
ti
o
n
,
IE
E
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
n
o
.
4
0
8
,
M
a
y
1
9
9
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/c
p
:1
9
9
5
0
4
9
0
.
[3
]
AlAs
c
h
k
a
r,
S
.
E.
,
a
n
d
El
-
Ha
d
i
d
i,
M
.
T.
,
“
Kn
o
wn
a
tt
a
c
k
s
fo
r
t
h
e
A5
/1
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
:
A
Tu
to
rial,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(ICIC
T
0
3
)
,
p
p
.
2
2
9
-
2
5
1
,
2
0
0
3
.
[4
]
C
.
C
.
Ch
e
n
,
“
Hie
ra
rc
h
ica
l
P
a
rti
c
le
S
wa
rm
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
fo
r
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
P
r
o
b
lem
s,
”
T
a
mk
a
n
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
8
9
-
2
9
8
,
2
0
0
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
6
1
8
0
/j
a
se
.
2
0
0
9
.
1
2
.
3
.
0
8
.
[5
]
S
.
As
ta
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
P
a
rti
c
le
S
wa
rm
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
Al
g
o
ri
th
m
,
”
M
.
Sc
Th
e
sis
,
Ista
n
b
u
l
Tec
h
n
ica
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
G
ra
d
u
a
te
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y,
T
u
rk
e
y
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
1
4
0
/2
.
1
.
1
6
6
9
.
5
3
6
1
.
[6
]
I
.
K.
Ali
,
a
n
d
A
.
I.
Ja
ru
l
lah
,
“
A
Ne
w
Ke
y
s
trea
m
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
wa
rm
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
”
Diy
a
la
J
o
u
rn
a
l
f
o
r
Pu
re
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
n
o
.
2,
p
p
.
1
6
9
-
1
7
7
,
Ap
r
.
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
M
.
O
.
P
a
rk
,
Y
.
H
.
C
h
o
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
J
un
,
“
M
o
d
ifi
e
d
A5
/
1
S
trea
m
Cip
h
e
r
u
si
n
g
S
-
b
o
x
e
s
,
”
T
h
e
6
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/i
c
a
c
t.
2
0
0
4
.
1
2
9
2
9
2
1
.
[8
]
B.
Nik
e
sh
,
“
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
P
a
ra
m
e
ter
s
o
f
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
A5
/1
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
IJ
CA
S
p
e
c
ia
l
Iss
u
e
o
n
Evo
l
u
ti
o
n
in
Ne
t
wo
rk
s a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
-
1
3
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
1
1
.
[9
]
R
.
Ka
u
r,
a
n
d
N
.
Ba
jaj,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
in
F
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
P
o
l
y
n
o
m
ials
o
f
LF
S
R
u
se
d
i
n
A5
/
1
S
t
re
a
m
Cip
h
e
r,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
1
9
,
p
p
.
3
2
-
3
5
,
No
v
.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
D.
Up
a
d
h
y
a
y
,
P
.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
a
n
d
S.
Va
li
v
e
ti
,
“
Ra
n
d
o
m
n
e
ss
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
A5
/1
S
trea
m
Cip
h
e
r
fo
r
se
c
u
re
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
&
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
5
-
1
0
0
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
S
.
B.
S
a
d
k
h
a
n
a
n
d
N.
H.
Ja
wa
d
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
A
5
/1
E
n
c
ry
p
t
i
o
n
Alg
o
rit
h
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
Us
in
g
U
n
it
De
lay
,
”
Al
-
Qa
d
isiya
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pu
re
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
1
1
-
2
2
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
A
.
S
in
g
h
B
h
a
l,
a
n
d
Z.
Dh
i
ll
o
n
,
“
LF
S
R
b
a
se
d
stre
a
m
c
ip
h
e
r
(En
h
a
n
c
e
d
a
5
/1
)
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.