Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
9
, p
p.
1073
~
1
078
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
3
.pp
1
073
-
1
078
1073
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Fuzzy
expert syst
ems
(F
E
S) for
ha
lal food
additive
M.
Z
ak
i Z
aka
ri
a,
No
r
hana
No
r
din,
Arif
f Md
Ab M
alik,
Sh
amsu
l
J
El
i
as
,
Ahm
ad Z
amb
ri
Shahu
d
din
Facul
t
y
of
Com
pute
r and
Ma
them
at
ic
a
l
Sci
ences,Unive
rsit
y
T
ec
h
nolog
y
of
MA
R
A,
Shah
Al
am, M
al
a
y
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
1,
2018
Re
vised
N
ov
1
7
, 2
018
Accepte
d Nov
30
, 201
8
Hala
l
an
To
yy
ib
a
n
issues
ac
know
le
dged
the
ne
ed
of
add
it
ion
al
pro
te
c
ti
on
for
good
qual
i
t
y
assuranc
e
food
and
should
be
app
li
e
d
in
the
food
ind
ustrie
s.
A
l
l
the
food
ing
red
i
ent
s
m
ust
be
saf
e,
h
y
gie
n
e
and
nutri
ti
ous
to
be
used
b
y
the
consum
ers.
Ma
n
y
ch
emical
in
gre
die
n
ts
h
ave
b
e
en
add
ed
i
n
th
e
food
produc
ti
on
pro
c
ess
in
enh
anc
ing
th
e
food
cha
r
act
eri
sti
cs
and
act
a
s
stabilizer,
art
if
ic
i
al
co
lour,
pre
serva
t
ive
s,
ar
ti
ficia
l
sw
e
et
en
e
r.
Thi
s
pap
er
pre
sents
Hal
al
Food
Additi
v
e
Us
ing
Fuzz
y
Ex
per
t
S
y
st
ems
(FES)
to
d
et
ermin
e
the
Hal
alan
To
y
y
i
ban
saf
ety
ra
ti
ng
for
f
ood
add
it
iv
es
base
d
on
consum
ers’
past
expe
ri
enced
re
co
rd
in
a
ll
erg
y
complicati
on
.
Th
e
si
gnifi
c
ant
of
thi
s
proje
c
t
is
to
provide
the
cons
um
ers
with
h
ea
l
th
aw
are
ness
to
pre
vent
th
e
h
eal
th
risk
that
ca
used
b
y
the
se
f
ood
addi
t
ive
s.
T
his
rese
ar
ch
fo
cu
ses
on
42
t
y
pes
o
f
Halal
food
addi
ti
v
es
and
12
t
y
p
e
s
y
m
ptoms
of
al
l
erg
ie
s
th
at
are
comm
onl
y
f
ac
ed
b
y
th
e
consum
ers
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Additi
ves
Food safety
Fu
zzy
e
xp
e
rt
Halal
an
toyy
ib
an
Healt
h risk
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
M. Zaki
Zaka
ri
a
,
Faculty
of Com
pu
te
r
Ma
the
m
at
ic
al
Sciences
,
Un
i
ver
sit
y Tec
hnology
o
f
MARA
,
Sh
a
h Alam
,
M
al
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
f
m
zaki
@yah
oo.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Halal
issues
a
r
e
vital
to
the
M
us
li
m
s
and
can
be
def
i
ned
as
per
m
it
te
d or
la
wful
w
hich
co
ver
s
in
m
any
Islam
aspects.
I
n
t
he
pe
rs
pecti
ve
of
Musli
m
fo
od
pr
e
par
at
io
n,
D
epa
rtm
ent
of
Sta
nd
a
r
ds
Ma
la
ysi
a
has
de
ve
lope
d
a
c
om
pr
ehensi
ve
Halal
guide
li
ne
sta
nda
rd
f
or
f
ood,
MS1
500:
2009
that
c
ov
e
rs
f
r
om
pro
du
ct
io
n,
pr
e
pa
r
at
ion
,
handlin
g
an
d
st
or
a
ge.
T
he
pur
po
s
e
of
this
gui
deline
is
to
en
s
ur
e
al
l
pe
rm
iss
ible
foo
d
is
pro
du
ce
d
with
ris
k
-
fr
ee
and h
y
gienic
r
egards t
o
Sya
riah
la
w
[1].
Currentl
y,
t
here
is
a
nee
d
to
hav
e
a
n
e
xten
s
ive
a
war
e
ness
on
a
wi
der
sc
op
e
of
Halal
an
Toyy
iba
n
con
ce
pt.
T
his
m
eans
instea
d
of
Halal
,
the
re
m
us
t
be
a
ne
cessi
ty
to
al
l
Muslim
s
to
c
hoose
the
foo
d
that
is
Toyy
iban
sta
tu
s.
T
oyyi
ban
re
fer
s
to
safe,
cl
ean,
nutrit
ious
and
qu
al
it
y,
an
d
processe
d
f
ood
or
it
s
i
ngre
dients
sh
al
l
be
sa
fe
for
c
onsu
m
ption,
non
-
poiso
nous
,
non
-
i
ntoxica
ti
ng
or
no
n
-
hazar
dous
t
o
hu
m
an
healt
h
[
2].
By
em
ph
asi
zi
ng
on
t
his
c
oncept,
t
he
qua
li
ty
of
t
he
pro
du
ce
d
f
ood
ca
n
be
e
ns
ure
d
and
c
ould
sat
isfy
th
e
consum
ers
on t
he usa
ge of
t
he
se prod
ucts
in
fulfil
li
ng
t
he
c
onsu
m
ers’
nee
ds an
d
e
xpect
at
ion [
3, 21]
.
W
it
h
the
ad
va
ncem
ent
of
t
he
foo
d
e
ng
i
neeri
ng
,
it
has
al
lo
wed
the
foo
d
i
ndus
try
play
er
s
to
inc
rease
the
f
ood
pro
duct
ion
[
4,
5].
T
hu
s
,
these
te
c
hnol
og
ie
s
ha
ve
serv
e
d
c
us
tom
er’
s
dem
and
to
enjoy
f
ood
supp
ly
in
per
s
pecti
ve
of
stora
ge
dura
bili
ty
,
flav
ourful,
colo
urfu
l
a
nd
a
fforda
bili
ty
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
it
has
ind
i
rectl
y
enc
oura
ge
d
the
foo
d
pr
oduc
ers
to
util
iz
e
s
om
e
har
m
fu
l
c
hem
ic
al
el
e
m
e
nts,
s
uch
as
fert
il
iz
ers
and
gro
wth
a
gen
ts
that
m
ay
har
m
to
the
hu
m
an
in
l
ong
te
rm
.
Most
of
th
e
f
ood
struct
ures
ha
ve
bee
n
m
od
ifie
d
an
d
this
ca
n
ca
us
e
ne
gativ
e
i
m
plica
ti
on
to
the
hum
an
body
.
The
chem
icals
are
ad
ded
t
o
the
f
ood
i
n
orde
r
to
co
unte
r
food
per
is
ha
bili
ty
or
enh
a
nce t
he
c
ol
our or
flav
our i
n
the
f
ood [5
]
.
Accor
ding
t
o
[
5
,
7,
8
]
,
[
11
-
13]
,
t
her
e
is
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
cat
eg
or
ie
s
of
a
dd
it
ives;
(i)
re
sid
ue
c
hem
ic
a
l,
(ii)
co
ntam
inants ch
em
ic
al
,
(ii
i)
f
ood
a
ddit
iv
es.
The
pestic
ides
or
f
or
ei
gn
che
m
ic
al
s
are
the
best
e
xam
ples
of
t
he
first
cat
egory,
wh
ic
h
i
s
ge
ner
al
ly
us
e
d
by
f
ood
pro
ducers
an
d
m
ay
rem
ai
n
du
ri
ng
the
final
sta
ge
of
f
ood
pro
duct
ion
[
11
-
13
]
.
Me
anwhil
e,
t
oxin
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1073
–
1
078
1074
on
e
of
the
a
dd
i
ti
ves
el
e
m
ents
in
the
sec
on
d
c
at
egory
[8
]
,
[
11
-
13]
that
m
ay
acci
den
ta
ll
y
be
con
ta
m
inate
d
into
the
f
ood s
uppl
y
ei
ther via
the
foo
d chai
n,
s
upply
c
hain
or
own
kitche
n.
La
stl
y,
food
pr
e
se
rv
at
ives
, s
weeteners
,
flav
our
e
nh
a
nc
er,
em
ulsifiers,
or
dyes
are
th
e
exam
ples
of
the
fi
nal
cat
eg
or
y
t
hat
ha
d
be
en
a
dd
e
d
i
nto
foo
d
pro
du
ct
s
in o
rder to
inc
rease
the
pro
per
ti
es
of the
processe
d f
ood [
5, 7,
10,
15]. C
omm
on
ly
, th
e
basic
func
ti
on
of
f
ood
a
dd
it
iv
es
is
ei
the
r
t
o
c
reate
the
f
ood
l
ooks
an
d
ta
ste
s
bette
r
or
to
m
ake
t
he
f
ood
sa
fer
,
by
pr
ese
rv
i
n
g
it
from
b
act
eria,
pr
e
ve
nting o
xi
dation o
r othe
r c
hem
ic
al
ch
ang
es
[6,
10
]
.
Eve
n
th
ough
th
e
acco
unta
bili
ty
of
ass
ur
i
ng
th
e
chem
ic
al
ing
r
edients
us
a
ge
is
un
der
the
m
a
nufactu
rers
’
j
uri
sd
ic
ti
on,
bu
t
oth
er
pa
rtie
s
su
c
h
as
c
on
s
um
ers
an
d
the
a
uthoriti
es
m
us
t
al
s
o
proacti
ve
ly
play
their
r
ol
es
to
ens
ur
e
these
in
gr
e
dients
are
s
afe
or
not
har
m
fu
l
to
eat
[10].
This is
because
s
om
e o
f
the
m
anufactu
rer
s
m
ay
b
e
po
te
ntial
ly
u
sed un
sa
fe c
hem
i
cal
ingred
ie
nts
in their
f
ood producti
on
wh
ic
h
m
ay
ex
po
se
to unwa
nted dis
eases
to
the
co
nsum
e
rs
in
the
f
uture.
The
d
iffe
ren
t
ty
pes
of
f
ood
th
at
avail
able
t
oday
for
t
he
c
ons
um
ers
m
a
y
cont
ai
n
sever
al
chem
ic
al
s
that
c
ould
aff
ect
t
heir
he
al
th
[
11,
12]
.
No
t
only
ta
ste
f
ul
of
f
ood
is
im
po
rtant,
but
al
so
t
he
app
ea
ra
nce
of
t
he
f
ood m
us
t al
so
lo
o
k at
tract
ive [7]
. W
it
hout
u
sin
g
the
food a
dd
it
ives a
s a
n
e
nh
a
nce
r
f
un
ct
ion
in
the
foo
d,
it
would
be
not
i
m
po
ssible
to
preser
ve
t
he
f
oo
d
a
pp
ea
ra
nce
a
nd
ta
ste
but
al
s
o
it
s
du
rab
il
it
y
[5,
7].
Th
us
,
t
he
c
ons
um
ers
m
ay
expose
t
o
hazar
dous
foo
d
a
dd
it
iv
es
that
ca
n
br
in
g
to
ch
r
on
ic
al
l
erg
ic
reacti
on
or
ot
her
diseases
[7,
9,
14
]
.
The
m
ai
n
probl
e
m
that
le
ads
to
this
w
ork
is
m
os
t
of
the
f
ood
st
ru
ct
ur
es
ha
ve
bee
n
m
od
i
fied
wh
e
re
so
m
e
of
the
a
ddit
ive
a
ge
nt
ha
ve
bee
n
us
e
d
to
en
ha
nce
dura
bi
li
t
y
or
fr
es
hne
ss
of
the
f
ood
t
hat
m
ay
cause
neg
at
ive
i
m
plica
ti
on
to
t
he hu
m
an
bo
dy
.
These
i
ngred
ie
nts
are
sti
ll
con
side
red
un
hea
lt
hy
food
age
nt
s
that
can
c
ha
ng
e
the
or
i
gin
a
li
ty
of
foo
d
char
act
e
risti
cs
[11,
12]
.
W
it
h
a
la
rg
e
am
ou
nt
intake
of
this
c
hem
ic
al
ing
re
di
ents,
it
m
ay
in
directl
y
con
t
rib
ute
to
healt
h
im
plica
ti
on
s
uc
h
c
hr
on
ic
disease
s
the
c
onsu
m
ers
in
the
lo
ng
r
un
[
14]
.
Be
si
des,
f
ood
c
onsu
m
ers
com
m
on
ly
do
no
t
kn
ow
or
l
ess
kn
ow
le
dge
of
t
he
sa
fety
rati
ng
of
f
ood
add
it
ives
in
th
e
proce
ssed
f
ood.
In
add
it
io
n,
each
of
the
c
ons
um
e
rs
m
ay
hav
e
t
he
dif
fer
e
nt
al
le
r
gy
reacti
on
a
nd
eve
ry
f
ood
ad
diti
ve
m
ay
al
so
ha
ve
diff
e
re
nt
reacti
on
to
the
hum
a
n
body.
O
nly
tho
s
e
who
ha
ve
past
e
xperie
nc
ed
with
t
he
al
l
erg
y
m
ay
on
ly
know
the conse
quenc
es of the
se a
ddit
ives.
The
m
otivati
on
of
this
wor
k
is
to
tur
n
this
f
oo
d
safety
-
relat
ed
data
int
o
us
e
f
ul
inf
or
m
at
ion
that
enab
le
any
pote
ntial
c
on
s
um
ers
to
de
te
rm
ine
any
ha
rm
fu
l
chem
ical
ingredie
nts
i
n
the
f
ood
is
s
afe
to
be
co
nsum
ed.
Th
us
,
it
m
ay
h
el
p
t
he
c
onsu
m
er t
o
m
ake t
he best
decisi
on
e
it
her
t
o
c
ons
um
e the i
nten
de
d
f
ood o
r
not.
In
Islam
per
s
pecti
ve,
thi
s
goal
ca
n
be
a
chieve
d
by
f
ulf
il
li
ng
the
c
rite
r
ia
of
Halal
an
T
oyyi
ban
w
hich
ref
le
ct
s
the
sta
nd
a
r
d
and
t
he
qual
it
y
of
foo
d
in
gr
e
dients,
where
t
he
pro
cesses
of
ve
rificat
ion
a
nd
ce
rtific
at
io
n
of
the
sa
fen
e
ss
an
d
healt
hin
e
ss
bas
ed
the
fo
od sou
rces ca
n be
done [3
, 6, 2
1].
The
ob
j
ect
ive
of
this
researc
h
is
to
de
velo
p
a
Halal
an
T
oyyi
ban
healt
h
food
a
ddit
ive
s
case
-
ba
se
d
syst
e
m
that
cou
ld
al
lo
w
a
ny
pros
pecti
ve
f
ood
c
ons
um
ers
t
o
chec
k
t
he
po
ssibil
it
y
of
ad
di
ti
ves’
healt
h
i
m
pacts
du
e
t
o
c
ons
ume
rs’
healt
h
past
hist
or
ic
al
on
al
le
rg
y
a
nd
com
plica
ti
on
.
Th
rou
gh
t
his
syst
em
,
it
co
uld
al
so
prov
i
de
assurance
of
r
epu
ta
ble
Halal
pro
duct
s
in
good
qual
it
y
without
a
ny
ha
r
m
fu
l
su
bs
ta
nc
es
sub
j
ect
to
al
le
rg
y
sy
m
pto
m
s b
ased
on H
al
al
foo
d
a
dd
it
ives
’
sa
f
et
y rati
ng
m
echan
ism
.
This
pa
pe
r
pr
e
sents
Halal
F
ood
A
dd
it
ive U
s
ing
F
uzzy
E
xp
ert
Syst
em
s
(F
ES).
I
n
this
st
udy,
co
nsum
ers
are
cauti
ous
on the
ir food c
ons
umpti
on which
ca
n
ca
us
e all
er
gy
b
y asses
sin
g u
sing f
uzzy ex
pe
rt syst
em
.
2.
RELATE
D
W
ORKS
Accor
ding
t
o
[12]
a
nd
[15],
f
ood
a
dd
it
ive
s
beco
m
e
a
pa
rt
of
the
f
oo
d
pro
duct
s
when
t
hey
a
re
add
e
d
t
o
the
f
ood.
T
hey
are
af
fecti
ng
the
c
ha
r
act
erist
ic
of
t
he
foo
d
wh
e
n
a
dd
ing
directl
y
dur
ing
f
ood
proces
sing
for
a s
pecific
pur
pose. T
he
a
ddit
ives ca
n
al
s
o be fo
und d
ur
i
ng
the
process
of
pac
ka
ging, han
dlin
g,
a
nd s
tora
ge
of
f
ood.
W
it
hout
preser
vativ
es,
bacteria
grow
t
h
m
ay
le
a
d
t
o
the
produ
ct
ion
of
to
xin
that
can
cau
se
f
ood
po
is
onin
g
[
6, 16]
.
Re
fer
ri
ng
to
[
17]
,
the
us
age
of
dyes
in
f
ood
a
nd
c
os
m
etic
products
will
gi
ve
healt
h
e
f
fects
to
t
he
us
e
rs
m
ai
nly
if
these
dyes
e
nter
the
bl
oods
tream
thr
ough
the
di
ge
sti
ve
tract
or
via
th
e
s
kin.
H
ence,
the
re
sp
i
rator
y
syst
e
m
m
a
y
not
functi
on
sm
oo
thly
an
d
ca
n
le
ad
to
si
de
ef
fe
ct
s
su
ch
as
as
pi
rati
on
of
gastr
ic
,
al
le
rg
ie
s,
as
thm
a,
hypote
ns
i
on,
a
nd
bl
ue
-
ti
nge
d
sk
in
.
F
ur
t
herm
or
e,
[16]
em
ph
a
siz
ed
t
hat
add
it
ives
li
ke
su
lfit
es,
as
par
t
a
m
e,
par
a
be
ns
,
M
S
G,
B
HT,
a
nd
nitrat
e
m
ay
also
ca
us
e
the
r
eact
ion
t
o
the
hu
m
an
bo
dy
but
sti
ll
de
pend
on
t
he
sensiti
vity
o
f
the c
onsu
m
ers
to the
in
gr
e
dien
ts an
d
the
am
ou
nt
c
ons
um
ed.
This
resea
rch
f
ocuses
on
Hala
l
f
ood
ad
diti
ve
s
us
ed
in
foo
d
pack
a
ging,
for
exam
ples
flav
our
e
nh
a
nce
r,
sta
bili
zer,
em
ulsifier,
a
ntiox
i
dan
ts
an
d
arti
fi
ci
al
colo
ur
,
a
nd
will
only
co
ncen
t
rated
on
42
ty
pes
of
Ha
la
l
food
add
it
ives
.
T
he
se
f
ood
ad
diti
ves
,
s
uch
as
a
cesulfam
e
po
t
assium
,
adipic
aci
d,
al
pha
-
t
oc
ophe
ro
l,
an
na
to,
a
nd
ascorbic
a
ci
d,
will
be
gr
oupe
d
i
nto
se
ver
al
r
at
ing
cat
e
gorie
s
ei
ther
as
sa
fe
,
c
ut
back,
caut
ion
or
ha
rm
.
Be
sides
that,
only
12
t
ype
sym
pto
m
s
of
al
le
rg
y,
for
e
xam
ples
co
nd
it
io
n
of
hi
ve
s,
s
weat,
st
om
ach
cram
ps
,
vo
m
it
,
diarrh
oea,
m
igr
ai
ne,
nu
m
bn
ess
,
ab
norm
al
behavio
ur,
di
ff
ic
ul
ty
br
eat
hing,
c
ough,
joint
ach
es
an
d
weaknes
s
will
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
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m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Fuzz
y
expert
s
yst
ems
(
FE
S)
f
or
ha
l
al fo
od
additi
ve
(
M. Zak
i Zak
ar
ia
)
1075
be
us
e
d
as
a
m
ai
n
diag
nose
f
ocus
sym
pto
m
s
in
this
w
ork.
Each
of
the
al
l
erg
y
sym
pto
m
s
will
be
rated
su
bjec
t
to
t
he
pain
scal
es
from
al
le
rg
y
or
com
plica
ti
on
e
xp
e
rience
c
on
s
um
ers.
T
he
se
scal
es
will
be
cat
egorized
a
s
no
al
le
rg
y, m
il
d,
m
od
erate, sev
e
re a
nd intense
.
Since
the
f
uzz
y
m
od
el
has
be
en
widely
use
d
in
t
he
e
xp
e
rtise
an
d
obse
rv
at
io
n
base
d
on
cl
inica
l
fr
am
ewo
r
k
of
decisi
on
s
uppo
rt
syst
em
,
fu
zz
y
exp
e
rt
syst
e
m
te
chn
iq
ue
w
il
l
be
util
iz
ed
i
n
m
easur
in
g
t
he
safety
rati
ng
an
d
dra
wing
c
oncl
us
i
on
s
base
d
on
t
he
data
[18
]
,
[
22
-
25
]
.
Th
r
ough
this
syst
em
,
the
kn
ow
le
dge
base
su
bject
to
c
ons
um
er
-
al
le
rg
y
com
plica
ti
on
histor
y
will
be
st
or
e
d
in
the
data
base.
T
he
in
fere
nce
en
gin
e
wi
ll
app
ly
log
ic
al
r
ules
be
tween
t
he
f
uz
zy
gr
a
ph
to
t
he
knowle
dge
ba
se
an
d
c
reate
ne
w
knowle
dge
[19
]
,
[
22
]
,
[
24
,
25]
.
This
process
would
re
peat
as
each
new
f
act
in
the
knowle
dge
base
c
ou
l
d
tri
gg
e
r
a
dd
it
io
n
al
r
ules
in
t
he
infer
e
nce e
ngine. T
he
i
nf
e
rence
engines
will
work fu
nd
am
ental
ly
that div
i
des
int
o
tw
o pa
rt which a
re
forw
a
r
d
chainin
g
an
d
ba
ckw
a
r
d
c
haini
ng.
Forwa
r
d
c
ha
ining
sta
rts
wi
th
the
known
fa
ct
s
an
d
cl
ai
m
s
new
facts
.
Ba
c
kw
a
r
d
chainin
g
sta
rts
w
it
h
go
al
a
nd
w
ork
b
ac
kw
a
r
d
t
o
fi
gure
out wh
at
facts
m
us
t
be
asse
rted
s
o
that
the
g
oals
can
be
achieve
d [20].
This
pro
j
ect
co
ntribute
s
to
the
knowle
dge
of
Halal
f
ood
a
ddit
ives
in
the
f
ood
an
d
researc
h
stu
dy
a
nd
will
al
so
deter
m
ine
the
safene
ss
ad
diti
ves
of
Halal
f
ood
of
the
co
ns
um
ers
by
cal
culat
ing
their
ra
ng
e o
f
al
le
rg
y
conditi
on
f
r
om
the
past
e
xperi
enced
rec
ords
.
Appa
ren
tl
y,
th
e
exte
ns
ive
us
a
ge
of
the
f
ood
add
it
ives
m
ay
br
i
ng
m
or
e
har
m
to
hu
m
an
body
a
nd
ca
n
c
on
t
rib
ute
to
the
pro
bl
e
m
s
of
m
isc
arr
ia
ge,
birth
de
f
ect
s,
lung
disease
an
d
oth
e
r
crit
ic
al
diseases
[
11,
12,
14,
17]
.
T
his
w
ork
will
be
nef
it
the
co
ns
um
ers
by
pro
vid
in
g
t
he
sta
tus
of
the
foo
d
add
it
ives
b
as
ed
on th
ei
r
sym
pt
om
s o
f
al
le
r
gy
accor
ding t
o H
al
al
an
Toyy
iba
n
c
on
ce
pt.
3.
FUZ
Z
Y
INFERENCE S
YST
EM
Kno
wled
ge
re
presentat
io
n
is
f
ully
ex
plored
t
he
data
c
ollec
ti
on
to
c
on
st
ru
ct
ru
le
an
d
fact.
I
n
t
his
ph
a
se,
the infor
m
at
ion
w
as
f
il
te
red
t
o
f
ulfill
the n
e
eds of
the
w
ork
an
d
the
unrel
at
ed
one w
il
l b
e rem
ov
ed.
Sym
pto
m
s
m
ay
be
va
ried
from
a
per
s
on
t
o
a
no
t
her
pe
rs
on,
t
hus
in
this
work,
t
her
e
are
only
twel
ve
(
12)
li
nguisti
c
va
riables
has bee
n
a
pp
li
ed base
d on th
e comm
on
sym
pto
m
s.
A
m
od
el
has
been
de
velo
pe
d
f
or
this
pr
ot
otype
syst
em
to
s
how
the
el
e
m
ents
invol
ved
in
t
he
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
the
syst
em
.
T
his
m
od
el
sho
ws
that
a
us
e
r
needs
to
pro
vi
de
an
in
put
w
hi
ch
will
be
pro
cessed
by fuzzy
in
fer
e
nce e
ng
i
ne
a
nd
expert
ru
le
s
. T
he pr
oto
ty
pe
s
yst
e
m
m
od
el
is d
esc
ribe
d
in
F
igure
1.
Figure
1. Syst
em
m
od
el
that ba
sed o
n 42 ty
pe
s of
h
al
al
food
a
dd
it
ives
and
12 type
sym
pt
om
s o
f
al
le
r
gies
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1073
–
1
078
1076
4.
RESU
LT
A
N
D
FI
N
DING
The
syst
em
is
dev
el
op
e
d
to
a
ssess
the
le
vel
of
bo
dy
tolera
nce
t
ow
a
rds
th
e
f
ood
a
ddit
ive
s.
T
he
dat
a
wh
ic
h
are
c
ollec
te
d
for
the
as
s
essm
ent
include
the
nam
e
of
f
ood
a
dd
it
ives
a
nd
t
he
sym
pto
m
of
the
al
le
rg
i
es
that
woul
d
be
res
ult
ed
f
ro
m
t
he
intake.
S
ubseq
ue
ntly
,
the
data
f
r
om
us
er
input
will
be
evaluat
ed
by
the
fu
zzy
exp
e
rt
syst
e
m
an
d pro
file
d
acc
ordin
g t
o
the
fo
od addit
ive cla
ssific
at
ion
a
nd the
s
afety
r
at
in
g
(a
s
p
e
r
Ta
ble 1).
The
fi
nal
f
uzz
y
set
ou
tp
ut
grap
h
is
dete
rm
ined
by
the
process
of
fu
zzi
ficat
ion
,
r
ule
evaluati
on
,
aggre
gation
of
outp
ut
an
d
de
fu
zzi
ficat
io
n.
For
e
xam
ples,
the
i
nput
of
hiv
es
an
d
sw
eat
fu
zzy
valu
e
are
determ
ined
by
the gra
ph to ge
t t
he
outp
ut
of
sk
in
all
erg
y as
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gur
e 2
a
nd Fi
gure
3.
The
i
nf
e
re
nce
eng
i
ne
will
ta
ke
the
r
ules
t
hat
pro
vid
e
d
by
th
e
kn
ow
le
dg
e
ba
se
to
dra
w
a
c
on
cl
us
io
n
by
us
in
g
t
he
inter
nal
r
ules
of
inf
eren
ce
.
T
hese
com
po
ne
nts
ar
e
co
nn
ect
e
d
t
o
the
fu
zzy
ru
le
-
base
d
syst
e
m
wh
i
c
h
has
the
pr
oces
s
of
f
uzzifica
t
ion
,
i
nf
e
ren
ce
syst
em
that
would
ge
ner
at
e
the
sa
fety
r
at
ing
f
ro
m
r
ule
-
base
d
IF
…T
HE
N a
nd
process
of
de
fu
zzi
ficat
io
n.
F
igure
4 s
hows
t
he
fu
zzy
r
ule
-
ba
sed e
xpert
syst
e
m
m
od
el
in
wh
ic
h
the user
will
ent
er th
e
Halal
fo
od addit
ives t
o i
den
ti
fy the
safe
ty
r
at
e an
d rea
so
n.
.
Figure
2.
S
wea
t Gr
a
ph
Figure
3. S
kin
al
le
rg
y g
raph
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
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c Eng &
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m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Fuzz
y
expert
s
yst
ems
(
FE
S)
f
or
ha
l
al fo
od
additi
ve
(
M. Zak
i Zak
ar
ia
)
1077
Figure
4.
F
uzz
y R
ule
-
Ba
sed
Ex
per
t Sy
ste
m
Mod
el
The
first
ste
p
of
f
uzzifica
ti
on
is
to
ta
ke
th
e
ty
pes
of
Hal
al
f
ood
ad
diti
ve
s
a
nd
cris
p
in
pu
t
ra
nge
of
conditi
on
of
t
he
ir
al
le
rg
ie
s
i
n
order
to
deter
m
ine
the
de
gre
e
to
wh
ic
h
the
se
inputs
belo
ngs
to
f
uzzy
set
.
W
it
h
the
m
ulti
ple
antece
den
ts,
A
N
D
f
uzzy
op
e
rat
or
is
us
e
d
t
o
obta
in
a
si
ng
le
r
e
su
lt
that
re
pre
sents
the
antec
eden
t
evaluati
on.
Lat
er,
al
l
the
val
ue
s
of
the
pai
n
scal
e
plo
t
i
n
m
e
m
ber
sh
i
p
fun
ct
ion
will
be
cl
ipp
e
d
a
nd
com
bin
e
d
into
one
sin
gle
f
uzzy
set
.
De
f
uzzifica
ti
on
wi
ll
ta
ke
place
in
the
la
st
ste
p
to
be
c
ha
ng
e
d
int
o
c
risp
num
ber
ba
c
k
in
the
final
ou
t
pu
t
by
us
in
g
Weig
hted
Av
e
rag
e
(
WA
)
t
o
cal
culat
e
ov
e
r
a
sa
m
ple
of
po
ints.
All
inf
orm
at
ion
is
orga
nized
a
ppropr
ia
te
ly
in
knowle
dge
ba
sed
that
co
nt
ai
ns
the
dom
ai
n
knowle
dg
e.
The
knowle
dg
e
i
s
represe
nted
as
a
set
of
r
ules
in
the
e
xp
e
rt
syst
e
m
and
t
he
know
le
dg
e
bas
ed
,
al
so
know
n
a
s
long
-
te
rm
m
e
m
or
y,
con
ta
in
s
gen
e
r
al
knowle
dge
be
longs
t
o
the
dom
ai
n
of
i
ntere
st.
The
sa
fety
r
at
ing
for
t
his
pr
ob
le
m
can
be
r
efer
red
as in Ta
ble
1.
Table
1
.
Safety
r
at
in
g
f
or f
ood a
ddit
ive c
la
ssi
ficat
ion
Fo
o
d
Ad
d
itiv
e Class
if
icatio
n
Saf
ety
Ratin
g
(
%
)
Saf
e
0
-
20
Cu
t Back
21
-
59
Cau
tio
n
60
–
79
Har
m
f
u
l
More than
80
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pap
e
r
ha
s
presente
d
H
al
al
Fo
od
A
ddit
ive
U
sin
g
Fu
zzy
E
xpert
Syst
e
m
s
(F
ES
).
Halal
f
ood
add
it
ives
chec
ker
syst
em
wil
l
prov
i
de
c
ons
um
ers
with
a
us
ef
ul
resu
lt
on
the
safety
ra
ti
ng
key
ba
sed
on
the
consum
ers’
pa
st
record
ex
peri
ence
of
a
ny
f
ood
c
onsu
m
ed.
Thi
s
project
is
highly
rec
omm
end
ed
to
al
l
healt
h
consci
ous’s
c
onsu
m
ers
w
ho
care
to
pr
e
vent
bad
ef
fect
to
their
bodies
.
It
is
hope
d
tha
t
this
proj
ect
will
be
ben
e
fici
al
in
he
lping
the
c
on
su
m
ers
to
fin
d
the
nutrit
io
us
foo
d,
in
orde
r
to
m
ai
ntain
or
i
m
pr
ove
their
healt
h
wh
il
e
m
eet
ing
Halal
an
T
oyyi
ban
crit
eria.
More
detai
ls
a
bout
t
he
foo
d
add
it
ives
need
to
be
ex
plore
d
as
t
o
gen
e
rate
bette
r
futur
e
un
der
ta
king im
pr
ovem
ents.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
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ia
n
Stan
dar
d,
“
MS
1500:2009
Hal
al
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ood
-
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io
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Prepa
r
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i
on,
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ir
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