I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
201
8
,
p
p
.
3
7
8
~
3
8
5
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ee
cs
.
v
1
2
.i
1
.
p
p
378
-
3
8
5
378
J
o
ur
na
l
ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
ijeec
s
Ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
Cr
o
w
dso
urcing
Ta
s
k
M
ultidi
m
e
nsio
na
l
Rela
tions
hip Mo
d
el t
hro
ug
h
Applic
a
tion Proto
type
Nurha
y
a
t
i
Z
a
k
a
ria
1
,
Siti
Sa
l
w
a
Sa
lleh
2
,
No
rj
a
ns
a
lik
a
J
a
n
o
m
3
,
Sy
a
ripa
h Ruza
i
ni
Sy
ed
Aris
4
1
,
3
,
4
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter an
d
M
a
t
h
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
A
RA
(Ui
T
M
)
S
h
a
h
A
la
m
,
S
e
lan
g
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
2
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter an
d
M
a
t
h
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
A
RA
(Ui
T
M
)
S
a
ra
wa
k
,
Ko
ta S
a
m
a
ra
h
a
n
,
M
a
la
y
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
1
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
u
l 1
0
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
Ju
l 2
5
,
2
0
1
8
Cro
w
d
so
u
rc
in
g
is
a
p
ro
c
e
ss
w
h
e
re
a
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
o
u
tso
u
rc
e
s
a
tas
k
to
a
larg
e
g
ro
u
p
o
f
th
e
d
ig
it
a
l
w
o
rk
e
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
o
n
li
n
e
p
latf
o
rm
.
In
M
a
la
y
sia
,
th
e
c
ro
w
d
so
u
rc
in
g
e
c
o
s
y
ste
m
c
o
m
p
ri
se
s
o
f
th
re
e
k
e
y
ro
le
p
la
y
e
rs
w
h
ich
a
re
jo
b
p
ro
v
id
e
rs,
p
latf
o
rm
s
a
n
d
d
ig
it
a
l
w
o
rk
e
r
s.
T
h
e
c
y
c
le
sta
rts
w
h
e
n
a
jo
b
issu
e
d
b
y
th
e
jo
b
p
ro
v
id
e
rs.
T
h
e
n
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
a
d
v
e
rti
se
s
it
to
th
e
d
ig
it
a
l
w
o
rk
e
rs
w
h
o
re
g
istere
d
th
e
m
se
lv
e
s
in
th
e
s
y
ste
m
.
T
h
e
d
ig
it
a
l
w
o
rk
e
r
is
a
n
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
h
a
v
in
g
d
iff
e
re
n
t
s
k
il
ls,
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
,
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
s
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
lev
e
l.
T
h
o
se
w
h
o
a
re
in
tere
ste
d
a
n
d
h
a
s
th
e
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
ies
to
c
o
m
p
lete
it
w
il
l
p
u
ll
th
e
jo
b
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
f
irst
c
o
m
e
f
irst
se
r
v
e
b
a
sis.
Ba
sic
a
ll
y
,
th
e
a
i
m
o
f
th
e
p
latf
o
rm
is
to
e
n
s
u
re
th
a
t
th
e
tas
k
s
a
re
tak
e
n
imm
e
d
iate
l
y
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lete
d
w
it
h
in
a
g
iv
e
n
ti
m
e
b
y
t
h
e
rig
h
t
sk
il
l
o
f
th
e
d
ig
i
tal
w
o
rk
e
r.
Ho
we
v
e
r,
th
e
p
latf
o
rm
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
a
stru
c
tu
re
d
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
to
c
las
si
fy
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
tas
k
th
a
t
w
o
u
ld
c
o
n
f
irm
th
e
tas
k
m
a
tch
to
th
e
d
ig
it
a
l
w
o
rk
e
r.
T
a
sk
s
a
re
g
iv
e
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
d
ig
it
a
l
w
o
rk
e
r
sk
il
ls
a
n
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
.
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
to
d
e
f
in
e
a
n
d
d
e
sc
rib
e
th
e
tas
k
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
is
im
p
o
rtan
t.
A
p
a
rt
f
ro
m
e
n
a
b
li
n
g
th
e
d
e
term
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
re
m
u
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
v
a
lu
e
,
it
w
il
l
a
lso
sp
e
c
ify
sk
il
l
re
q
u
ired
a
n
d
th
e
i
r
lev
e
l
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
y
.
T
o
so
lv
e
th
a
t
issu
e
s,
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
t
th
e
f
lo
w
a
n
d
p
r
o
c
e
ss
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
m
e
a
su
re
d
th
e
r
e
latio
n
sh
i
p
s
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
tas
k
s
a
n
d
th
e
d
ig
it
a
l
w
o
rk
e
rs
in
a
ll
u
v
ial
c
h
a
rt
a
p
p
s
p
ro
t
o
ty
p
e
.
7
6
%
o
f
re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
a
g
re
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
a
ll
u
v
ial
c
h
a
rt
s
h
o
w
s
a
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
re
latio
n
sh
ip
.
A
s
a
c
o
n
c
lu
si
o
n
,
th
is
stu
d
y
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
th
e
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
re
latio
n
sh
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
v
a
riab
les
w
il
l
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
a
p
latf
o
r
m
to
m
a
tch
b
e
tw
e
e
n
d
ig
it
a
l
w
o
r
k
e
rs
to
th
e
tas
k
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
r
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
cin
g
Dig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
T
ask
s
P
latf
o
r
m
Ass
es
s
m
en
ts
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sit
i Sal
w
a
Salleh
Facu
lt
y
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
an
d
Ma
t
h
e
m
a
tical
Scie
n
ce
s
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
A
R
A
(
UiT
M)
Sar
aw
a
k
,
Ko
ta
Sa
m
ar
ah
a
n
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
E
m
ail: s
s
al
w
a
@
t
m
s
k
.
u
it
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
P
eo
p
le
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
w
o
r
ld
h
ad
b
ee
n
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
th
e
c
y
b
er
w
o
r
ld
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
y
ar
e
c
u
r
r
en
tl
y
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et.
Ali
g
n
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
,
cr
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
cin
g
h
a
s
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
J
ef
f
Ho
w
e
(
2
0
0
6
)
.
C
r
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
cin
g
is
a
m
et
h
o
d
w
h
er
e
th
e
j
o
b
p
r
o
v
id
er
o
f
f
er
s
th
e
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
ta
s
k
to
t
h
e
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
w
it
h
h
a
v
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
k
il
ls
,
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
le
v
el
to
s
o
lv
e
a
p
r
o
b
le
m
a
n
d
g
i
v
e
t
h
e
id
ea
v
ia
a
f
le
x
ib
le
o
p
en
ca
ll.
Ma
n
y
j
o
b
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
in
t
h
e
wo
r
ld
s
tar
t
to
ap
p
l
y
th
e
cr
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
cin
g
as
a
n
e
w
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
m
o
d
el
w
h
er
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
d
ep
en
d
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
g
ital
w
o
r
k
er
to
o
b
tain
j
o
b
to
b
e
c
o
m
p
leted
[
2
]
.
Ma
la
y
s
ia
h
as
als
o
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
t
h
i
s
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
m
o
d
el
s
in
ce
th
e
p
as
t
f
e
w
y
ea
r
s
.
L
o
ca
ll
y
,
th
er
e
ar
e
t
h
r
ee
m
ai
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
t
h
at
p
la
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
A
s
s
es
s
men
t o
f Cr
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
cin
g
Ta
s
k
Mu
ltid
imen
s
io
n
a
l R
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
Mo
d
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
…
(
N
u
r
h
a
ya
ti Za
ka
r
ia
)
379
m
aj
o
r
r
o
les.
T
h
ey
ar
e
j
o
b
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
,
p
latf
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
s
.
T
h
e
j
o
b
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
ar
e
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
ies
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
al
th
at
o
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
t
h
ei
r
task
s
to
th
e
cr
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
cin
g
p
latf
o
r
m
.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
p
lat
f
o
r
m
i
s
a
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
ad
v
er
tis
e
t
h
e
o
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
d
tas
k
s
to
th
e
d
i
g
ital
w
o
r
k
er
.
T
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
ac
t
as
a
m
o
d
er
ato
r
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
j
o
b
p
r
o
v
id
er
an
d
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
.
Fin
all
y
,
th
e
d
i
g
ital
w
o
r
k
er
is
an
y
o
n
e
w
i
th
a
n
y
k
in
d
o
f
s
k
ills
w
h
o
i
n
ten
d
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
o
r
co
m
p
lete
t
h
e
tas
k
[3
-
4
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
A
r
o
las,
&
G
u
ev
ar
a
(
2
0
1
2
)
an
d
A
r
o
las
et
al.
(
2
0
1
5
)
,
cr
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
d
ef
i
n
iti
o
n
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
eig
h
t
ele
m
e
n
t
s
[
5
-
6
]
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
eig
h
t
ele
m
e
n
ts
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
d
ig
it
al
w
o
r
k
er
o
r
cr
o
w
d
w
h
ic
h
class
if
icatio
n
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
r
ee
ele
m
en
ts
:
(
i)
w
h
o
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
d
ig
i
tal
w
o
r
k
er
,
(
ii)
w
h
at
th
e
d
ig
ita
l
w
o
r
k
er
h
as
to
d
o
an
d
(
iii)
w
h
at
th
e
j
o
b
p
r
o
v
id
er
g
et
in
r
etu
r
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ele
m
en
t
i
s
w
h
o
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
d
i
g
ital
w
o
r
k
er
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
s
k
ill
a
n
d
ab
ilit
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
ta
s
k
.
T
h
e
s
k
i
ll
an
d
ab
ilit
y
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
ef
in
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
le
v
el
o
f
d
ig
ita
l
w
o
r
k
er
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ele
m
e
n
t is
w
h
at
t
h
e
cr
o
w
d
h
a
s
t
o
d
o
m
ea
n
s
th
a
t th
e
d
ig
ital
h
as
to
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
ta
s
k
s
.
T
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
tas
k
s
r
ef
er
s
to
a
s
i
m
p
le
a
n
d
co
m
p
le
x
task
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
ele
m
en
t i
s
w
h
a
t th
e
j
o
b
p
r
o
v
id
er
g
ets in
r
et
u
r
n
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
j
o
b
p
r
o
v
id
er
w
il
l o
b
t
ain
o
u
tco
m
e
v
ar
iatio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
cr
o
w
d
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
tas
k
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
ab
o
v
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
le
v
el
o
f
d
i
g
it
al
w
o
r
k
er
s
,
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
tas
k
s
an
d
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
v
ar
iatio
n
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ar
t th
at
w
ill b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
as t
h
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
w
it
h
in
ea
c
h
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
r
ep
r
ese
n
tatio
n
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es.
Mu
lti
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
d
escr
ib
es
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
ar
ts
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
7
]
an
d
[
8
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
S
u
e
(
2
0
0
1
)
,
m
u
lt
id
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
at
l
ea
s
t
t
h
r
ee
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
an
d
ea
ch
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
h
a
v
e
m
an
y
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
th
at
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
r
th
eo
r
etica
l
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
i
s
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
also
co
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
m
u
ltid
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
c
h
ar
ac
te
r
is
tic.
I
t
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
h
r
ee
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
’
ch
ar
a
cter
i
n
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
tas
k
s
(
s
i
m
p
le,
co
m
p
le
x
)
,
o
u
tco
m
e
v
ar
iet
y
(
h
ig
h
,
lo
w
)
a
n
d
co
m
p
eten
c
y
le
v
el
o
f
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
(
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
,
ap
p
licatio
n
,
an
al
y
s
is
,
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
,
ev
al
u
atio
n
)
.
B
asicall
y
,
t
h
e
ai
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
lat
f
o
r
m
i
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
ta
s
k
s
ar
e
ta
k
e
n
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
a
n
d
co
m
p
leted
w
it
h
i
n
a
g
i
v
en
ti
m
e
b
y
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
s
k
ill
o
f
t
h
e
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
to
class
if
y
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
tas
k
t
h
at
w
o
u
ld
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
tas
k
m
atc
h
to
th
e
d
i
g
ital
wo
r
k
er
.
T
ask
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
ased
o
n
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
s
k
il
ls
an
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
th
at
i
s
s
u
es,
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
d
ev
elo
p
an
d
test
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
task
s
,
o
u
tco
m
e
v
ar
iatio
n
an
d
th
e
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
s
i
n
allu
v
ial
ch
ar
t
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
A
n
all
u
v
ial
c
h
ar
t
a
p
p
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
t
ested
to
v
is
u
alize
ea
c
h
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
th
r
ee
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
ea
ch
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
an
d
it
i
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
ev
e
n
t
u
all
y
m
i
n
i
m
ize
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
s
elec
t
th
e
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
tas
k
.
T
h
is
m
a
k
es
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
to
s
elec
t t
h
e
d
ig
ita
l
wo
r
k
er
w
it
h
s
u
itab
le
tas
k
b
ased
o
n
co
m
p
eten
c
y
lev
e
l b
ec
o
m
e
ea
s
ier
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
f
e
w
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
an
d
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
th
e
lev
el
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t’
s
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
to
war
d
th
e
ap
p
s
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
h
o
w
w
ell
t
h
e
v
i
s
u
a
lizat
io
n
,
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ap
p
s
an
d
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
p
r
esen
t
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
tas
k
s
,
o
u
tco
m
e
v
ar
ia
tio
n
a
n
d
th
e
d
ig
i
tal
w
o
r
k
er
s
.
2
.
1
.
F
lo
w
Appl
ica
t
io
n P
ro
t
o
t
y
pe
T
h
e
ap
p
s
s
tar
t
w
it
h
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
cu
s
to
m
ize
th
e
v
i
s
u
aliza
ti
o
n
d
iag
r
a
m
b
o
x
.
Sp
ec
if
icati
o
n
s
allo
w
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
to
s
et
w
id
t
h
,
h
eig
h
t
an
d
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
.
A
f
ter
i
n
s
er
ti
n
g
t
h
e
d
ata
s
to
r
e,
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
b
eg
i
n
.
I
t
s
tar
ts
w
it
h
t
h
e
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
p
ad
d
in
g
.
T
h
is
n
o
d
e
p
ad
d
in
g
is
ca
lc
u
lated
b
ased
o
n
d
ata
s
to
r
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ata
ar
e
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
tas
k
s
,
o
u
tco
m
e
v
ar
i
atio
n
,
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
le
v
el
a
n
d
s
ca
le
o
f
co
m
p
eten
c
y
lev
el.
No
d
e
p
ad
d
in
g
i
s
u
s
ed
t
o
d
ev
elo
p
s
p
ac
e
o
r
ar
ea
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
p
ad
d
in
g
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
e
t
th
e
n
o
d
es
at
th
e
to
p
,
b
o
tto
m
,
le
f
t
a
n
d
r
ig
h
t
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
p
ad
d
in
g
n
o
d
e
h
as
t
w
o
v
alu
es
o
f
p
x
an
d
%.
T
h
e
p
x
v
al
u
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
th
e
le
n
g
t
h
,
w
h
i
le
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
% d
eter
m
i
n
es b
y
t
h
e
w
id
t
h
.
T
w
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
i
n
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
p
ad
d
in
g
w
h
ic
h
it
co
m
p
u
tes
th
e
n
o
d
e
n
ested
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
p
o
p
u
late
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
tar
g
et
lin
k
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
n
ested
n
o
d
e
w
as
ca
lcu
lated
to
o
b
tain
th
e
b
lo
ck
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
o
p
u
latin
g
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
tar
g
et
lin
k
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
lin
k
is
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
ea
ch
li
n
k
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
t
h
e
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
h
e
ig
h
t
o
f
th
e
li
n
k
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
th
a
t
ar
e
co
n
tai
n
ed
in
th
e
t
w
o
n
o
d
es
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
i
th
t
h
e
li
n
k
.
Fo
r
e
ac
h
li
n
k
co
n
tai
n
s
tar
g
et
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
d
ep
th
s
o
f
ea
ch
li
n
k
r
ef
er
to
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
f
lo
w
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
tar
g
et.
T
h
er
e
h
av
e
th
r
ee
s
tep
s
to
m
e
asu
r
e
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
ea
c
h
l
in
k
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
lin
k
s
,
iter
ativ
el
y
a
s
s
i
g
n
ed
th
e
b
r
ea
d
th
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
an
d
p
u
s
h
an
y
o
v
er
la
p
p
i
n
g
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
w
as
ca
lc
u
lated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
to
tal
in
co
m
i
n
g
lin
k
,
n
o
in
c
o
m
in
g
li
n
k
an
d
n
o
o
u
tg
o
i
n
g
li
n
k
.
T
o
g
et
th
e
s
ize
o
f
n
o
d
es,
th
e
iter
atio
n
s
tep
w
a
s
ex
ec
u
ted
to
ass
ig
n
th
e
b
r
ea
d
th
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
s
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l
.
1
2
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
201
8
:
3
7
8
–
3
85
380
n
o
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
ata
is
co
m
in
g
.
No
d
es
w
er
e
ass
i
g
n
ed
w
it
h
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
b
r
ea
d
th
o
f
in
co
m
in
g
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
p
lu
s
o
n
e,
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
n
o
i
n
co
m
i
n
g
l
in
k
s
ar
e
ass
i
g
n
ed
b
r
ea
d
th
ze
r
o
,
wh
ile
n
o
d
es
w
i
th
n
o
o
u
t
g
o
in
g
l
in
k
s
w
er
e
ass
ig
n
ed
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
b
r
ea
d
th
.
L
ast
l
y
,
p
u
s
h
n
o
d
es
w
er
e
ex
ec
u
ted
an
y
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
n
o
d
es to
av
o
id
th
e
co
llis
io
n
.
Af
ter
o
b
tain
i
n
g
t
h
e
to
tal
s
ize
o
f
ea
ch
lin
k
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e,
th
e
n
o
d
es
r
eso
r
ted
an
d
li
n
k
s
i
n
ascen
d
i
n
g
o
r
d
er
w
er
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
th
e
allu
v
ial
c
h
ar
t
to
v
is
u
ali
ze
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
a
m
o
n
g
o
f
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
w
er
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ca
n
c
h
o
o
s
e
o
r
ch
an
g
e
th
e
o
t
h
er
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
,
as th
e
y
li
k
e
to
v
ie
w
t
h
e
clea
r
er
ch
ar
t.
2
.
2
.
P
ro
ce
s
s
Appl
ica
t
io
n P
ro
t
o
t
y
pe
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
s
tar
t
w
h
e
n
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
elec
t
d
ata
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
v
id
ed
d
ata
s
et
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
tex
t
b
o
x
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
en
ter
ed
m
an
u
all
y
b
y
co
p
y
an
d
p
aste
in
th
e
tex
t
b
o
x
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
R
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
ca
n
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
ch
ar
ts
f
o
r
ch
ar
t
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
d
ata
en
tr
y
i
s
to
s
to
r
e
s
elec
ted
d
ata
th
at
w
ill
b
e
u
s
ed
to
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
al
lu
v
ial
g
r
ap
h
.
Af
ter
th
at,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
w
i
ll
b
e
ab
le
to
s
elec
t
th
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
o
t
h
er
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
t
h
at
h
e
o
r
s
h
e
i
n
ter
ested
i
n
to
.
F
in
al
l
y
,
t
h
e
all
u
v
ial
c
h
ar
t
is
g
en
er
ated
a
n
d
v
is
u
alize
d
.
All
u
v
ia
l
c
h
ar
t
e
n
ab
le
to
p
r
ese
n
t
th
e
f
lo
w
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
d
if
f
er
en
t d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
.
I
t v
is
u
all
y
co
n
n
ec
t to
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
th
a
t a
r
e
r
elate
d
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
I
t is
u
s
e
f
u
l to
s
ee
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
c
ale
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
in
ea
c
h
b
lo
ck
.
2
.
3
.
Str
uct
ure
f
o
r
M
ea
s
uring
t
he
Q
ua
lity
o
f
Apps
P
ro
t
o
t
y
pe
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e.
T
h
is
ass
es
s
m
en
t
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
ap
p
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t sati
s
f
ac
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stru
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
Me
asu
r
in
g
t
h
e
Q
u
alit
y
o
f
A
p
p
s
P
r
o
to
ty
p
e
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
u
s
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
ill
co
n
ce
r
n
all
r
elate
d
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e:
(
i)
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
(
ii)
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
w
it
h
th
e
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e,
an
d
(
iii)
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
i
v
e
n
.
R
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
u
s
ed
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
to
v
i
s
u
aliz
e
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ata
s
to
r
e
co
n
tain
ed
in
th
e
ap
p
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
T
h
en
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
w
il
l
d
is
p
la
y
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
all
u
v
ial
ch
ar
t
s
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
n
ee
d
to
s
tu
d
y
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
in
ter
ac
t
w
it
h
th
e
ap
p
s
,
an
d
f
in
all
y
g
et
s
o
m
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
b
as
ed
o
n
th
eir
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
u
s
in
g
th
i
s
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
h
o
w
w
ell
t
h
e
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
,
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
ap
p
s
an
d
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
2
.
4
.
Rela
t
io
ns
hip
bet
w
ee
n At
t
rib
ute
s
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
attr
ib
u
tes
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
th
r
ee
lev
els
o
f
as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
ts
t
h
at
n
ee
d
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
to
a
n
s
w
er
ar
e:
(
i)
q
u
alit
y
o
f
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
,
(
ii)
q
u
alit
y
o
f
i
n
t
er
ac
tio
n
w
ith
t
h
e
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e,
an
d
(
iii)
q
u
alit
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
1)
Qu
alit
y
o
f
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
Qu
alit
y
o
f
v
i
s
u
a
lizatio
n
is
as
s
ess
ed
to
id
en
tify
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
v
i
s
u
a
lizatio
n
ap
p
s
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
in
p
u
t
d
ata
an
d
m
ak
e
t
h
e
m
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t.
T
h
e
is
s
u
es
to
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
ar
e
in
itial
s
etti
n
g
s
,
d
ata
d
is
p
la
y
an
d
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
a.
I
n
itia
l
s
ettin
g
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t o
f
i
n
p
u
t d
ata
f
o
r
m
at
an
d
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
etti
n
g
f
o
r
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
.
b.
Da
ta
d
is
p
la
y
r
ef
er
s
to
v
is
u
ali
zin
g
d
ata
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
d
ata
v
ar
iatio
n
s
,
d
ata
co
n
te
n
ts
,
d
ata
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
d
ata
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
,
d
ata
tab
u
latio
n
s
an
d
d
ata
d
ec
o
r
atio
n
.
c.
R
ep
o
r
tin
g
fu
n
ctio
n
a
lity
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
a
n
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
th
at
allo
w
s
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
to
ass
es
s
w
h
eth
e
r
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t i
s
s
ati
s
f
ied
w
i
t
h
th
e
b
en
e
f
i
ts
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
.
2)
Qu
alit
y
o
f
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
w
i
th
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
Qu
alit
y
o
f
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
is
a
s
s
es
s
ed
to
id
en
tify
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
u
s
er
co
n
s
id
er
s
t
h
is
ap
p
to
b
e
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
,
ac
cu
r
ate,
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
an
d
e
f
f
icie
n
t.
T
h
is
r
esear
c
h
class
i
f
ie
s
t
h
e
attr
ib
u
te
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
in
to
f
o
u
r
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
T
h
er
e
is
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
lear
n
ab
i
lit
y
,
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
A
s
s
es
s
men
t o
f Cr
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
cin
g
Ta
s
k
Mu
ltid
imen
s
io
n
a
l R
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
Mo
d
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
…
(
N
u
r
h
a
ya
ti Za
ka
r
ia
)
381
a.
E
a
s
e
o
f u
s
e
m
ea
n
s
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
i
s
ea
s
y
to
co
n
tr
o
l b
y
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
.
b.
Lea
r
n
in
g
a
b
ilit
y
af
f
ec
t
s
h
o
w
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
m
a
s
ter
th
e
ap
p
'
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ea
s
il
y
a
n
d
q
u
ic
k
l
y
in
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
t
h
e
d
esire
d
task
s
.
c.
E
fficien
cy
m
ea
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
ex
t
en
t
to
w
h
ic
h
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
th
at
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ca
n
ass
is
t
th
e
m
i
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
w
o
r
k
s
u
c
h
as i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
s
h
o
r
t ti
m
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
g
et
a
g
r
ap
h
.
d.
A
cc
u
r
a
cy
in
d
icate
s
th
at
t
h
e
s
e
ap
p
s
ar
e
f
r
ee
f
r
o
m
m
i
s
ta
k
es o
r
f
ail
u
r
e
o
f
ap
p
s
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
.
3)
Qu
alit
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Qu
alit
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
i
s
as
s
ess
ed
to
id
en
tify
w
h
et
h
er
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
s
at
is
f
ied
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ap
p
'
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
th
r
ee
attr
ib
u
tes
t
h
at
th
e
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
to
ev
alu
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
ese
attr
ib
u
tes ar
e
r
ich
n
es
s
,
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
clar
it
y
.
a.
R
ich
n
ess
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
ap
p
's
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
is
co
m
p
le
te,
in
ter
esti
n
g
,
n
ee
d
ed
an
d
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t.
I
t
a
ls
o
m
u
s
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
'
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
an
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
b.
A
cc
u
r
a
cy
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
ac
cu
r
a
te,
co
r
r
ec
t
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t
w
i
th
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
c.
C
la
r
ity
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
ea
n
s
th
at
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
clea
r
l
y
,
ea
s
il
y
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
an
d
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
y
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
A
ttrib
u
te
s
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
test
th
e
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
lev
el
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
elies
o
n
t
h
r
ee
as
s
ess
m
en
ts
,
n
a
m
el
y
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
,
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ap
p
licat
io
n
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
te
s
t
w
as c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
1
2
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
3
.
1
.
Q
ua
lity
o
f
Vis
ua
liza
t
io
n
T
o
i
d
en
tify
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
1
4
q
u
esti
o
n
s
u
n
d
er
th
is
a
s
p
e
ct
w
er
e
ask
ed
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
i
s
u
tili
zi
n
g
5
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
(
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
ee
,
ag
r
ee
,
n
eu
tr
al,
d
is
ag
r
ee
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
is
a
g
r
ee
)
.
T
h
e
d
etails
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
tes
tin
g
w
er
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
attr
ib
u
te.
F
ig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
id
ea
o
f
v
i
s
u
al
iza
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l
.
1
2
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
201
8
:
3
7
8
–
3
85
382
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Qu
alit
y
o
f
Vi
s
u
al
izat
io
n
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
7
5
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
ag
r
ee
d
w
it
h
th
e
w
a
y
t
h
e
all
u
v
ial
c
h
ar
t
d
is
p
la
y
s
i
n
p
u
t
d
ata
m
ee
t
s
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
in
p
u
t
d
ata
f
o
r
m
at.
W
h
ile
9
2
%
a
n
d
8
4
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
a
g
r
ee
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
a
y
s
etti
n
g
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
n
o
d
es,
n
o
d
e
s
ize,
lab
el)
in
th
e
allu
v
ial
ch
ar
t
ea
s
y
t
o
u
s
e
an
d
ea
s
y
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
in
itial
s
e
tti
n
g
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ev
ea
l
a
n
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
O
n
th
e
d
ata
d
i
s
p
la
y
f
ea
t
u
r
e,
it
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
5
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
s
t
ated
th
at
th
e
d
ata
d
is
p
la
y
h
as
a
g
o
o
d
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
lab
els
an
d
d
esi
g
n
.
Mo
r
e
t
h
an
5
8
%
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
ag
r
ee
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
ata
o
n
d
is
p
la
y
h
ad
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
.
8
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
i
ze
allu
v
ial
ch
ar
t
u
s
ed
is
s
u
i
tab
le.
On
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
,
m
o
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
ag
r
ee
a
n
d
s
ati
s
f
ied
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
ata
d
is
p
la
y
a
n
d
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
all
u
v
ial
ch
ar
t.
T
o
k
n
o
w
th
e
e
x
te
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
f
ea
t
u
r
es
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
t
h
e
allu
v
ial
ch
ar
t,
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
p
r
es
en
ts
s
o
m
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
t
h
e
all
u
v
ial
c
h
ar
t.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
s
r
elate
d
to
allu
v
ia
l
ch
ar
t
p
r
o
p
er
ties
: (
i)
h
elp
f
u
l a
n
d
(
ii)
ad
eq
u
ate.
T
h
e
an
s
w
er
s
ar
e
s
tat
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
an
d
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
1
.
A
s
s
es
s
m
en
t o
f
th
e
Al
lu
v
ial
C
h
ar
t P
r
o
p
er
ties
(
Help
f
u
l)
H
e
l
p
f
u
l
(
%)
S
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
A
g
r
e
e
A
g
r
e
e
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
D
i
sag
r
e
e
S
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
A
g
r
e
e
C
o
l
o
r
s
0
66
34
0
0
N
o
d
e
s
24
76
0
0
0
L
i
n
k
0
74
26
0
0
N
o
d
e
S
i
z
e
34
58
8
0
0
D
a
t
a
L
a
b
e
l
s
42
58
0
0
0
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
1
,
d
ata
lab
els
h
av
e
t
h
e
h
ig
h
es
t
r
ea
d
in
g
s
w
it
h
4
2
%
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
ee
d
an
d
5
8
%
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
ag
r
ee
.
D
ata
lab
el
w
il
l
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
an
d
h
elp
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
to
r
ea
d
th
e
d
ata.
Oth
er
th
an
t
h
at,
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
s
ize
h
a
s
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
ig
h
es
t
a
f
ter
t
h
e
d
ata
lab
el.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
s
ize
ca
n
m
ak
e
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
to
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata.
T
h
is
is
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
th
e
n
o
d
e
an
d
lin
k
s
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
co
lo
r
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
lo
w
es
t r
ea
d
in
g
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
f
iv
e
asp
ec
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
A
s
s
es
s
men
t o
f Cr
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
cin
g
Ta
s
k
Mu
ltid
imen
s
io
n
a
l R
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
Mo
d
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
…
(
N
u
r
h
a
ya
ti Za
ka
r
ia
)
383
T
ab
le
2
.
A
s
s
es
s
m
en
t o
f
th
e
Al
lu
v
ial
C
h
ar
t P
r
o
p
er
ties
(
A
d
eq
u
ate)
A
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
(
%)
S
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
A
g
r
e
e
A
g
r
e
e
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
D
i
sag
r
e
e
S
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
A
g
r
e
e
C
o
l
o
r
s
0
76
24
0
0
N
o
d
e
s
8
84
8
0
0
L
i
n
k
16
50
34
0
0
N
o
d
e
S
i
z
e
24
68
8
0
0
D
a
t
a
L
a
b
e
l
s
34
66
0
0
0
B
ased
o
n
T
a
b
le
2
,
th
e
d
ata
lab
els
h
av
e
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
r
ea
d
in
g
w
it
h
3
4
%
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
ag
r
ee
d
an
d
5
8
%
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
ag
r
ee
ab
o
u
t
d
ata
lab
el.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
ati
s
f
ied
w
it
h
d
ata
lab
els
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
lab
els
to
in
d
icate
th
e
d
ata
is
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t.
T
h
ir
d
h
i
g
h
est
is
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
is
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
li
n
k
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
co
lo
r
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
lo
w
es
t r
ea
d
in
g
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
f
iv
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
is
.
3
.
2
.
Q
ua
lity
o
f
I
nt
er
a
ct
io
n w
it
h t
he
Apps
P
ro
t
o
t
y
pe
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
,
ei
g
h
t
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
w
er
e
a
s
k
ed
to
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
an
s
w
er
s
f
r
o
m
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Qu
alit
y
o
f
I
n
ter
ac
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
t
s
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
o
p
in
io
n
s
an
d
atti
tu
d
es
ab
o
u
t
q
u
alit
y
o
f
in
ter
ac
t
io
n
.
Mo
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
ea
s
il
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
ese
ap
p
s
an
d
q
u
ick
l
y
lear
n
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
t
h
e
a
p
p
s
.
5
0
%
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
s
ati
s
f
ied
w
it
h
t
h
e
ti
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
o
b
tain
th
e
allu
v
ia
l
ch
ar
t.
W
h
ile
4
2
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
ag
r
ee
th
a
t
to
d
is
p
lay
an
all
u
v
ial
ch
ar
t
in
a
n
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
h
as
m
i
n
i
m
al
s
tep
s
.
Mo
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ag
r
ee
t
h
at
t
h
e
ap
p
s
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
i
s
ac
cu
r
ate.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
ar
e
s
ati
s
f
ied
w
it
h
th
e
o
v
er
all
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
in
ter
ac
tio
n
a
g
ai
n
s
t
t
h
e
ap
p
's
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
b
ec
au
s
e
ev
er
y
ti
m
e
a
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
i
n
ter
ac
ts
w
it
h
th
e
ap
p
’
s
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e,
th
e
u
s
er
w
an
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
b
e
ea
s
y
,
ac
cu
r
ate
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
t.
3
.
3
.
Q
ua
lity
o
f
I
nfo
r
m
a
t
io
n
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
,
ei
g
h
t
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
w
er
e
a
s
k
ed
to
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
an
s
w
er
s
f
r
o
m
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l
.
1
2
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
201
8
:
3
7
8
–
3
85
384
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Qu
alit
y
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
in
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
i
s
v
er
y
h
elp
f
u
l
a
n
d
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
m
p
lete
a
n
d
in
ter
esti
n
g
s
o
th
a
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ca
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
g
i
v
en
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
s
tate
m
e
n
t,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
a
g
r
ee
d
w
it
h
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ar
e
co
m
p
lete
(
7
6
%),
u
s
e
f
u
l
(
5
8
%)
an
d
i
n
ter
esti
n
g
(
6
6
%).
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
q
u
ite
s
u
r
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
(
4
2
%)
w
e
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
.
7
6
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ag
r
ee
d
th
at
th
e
allu
v
ial
c
h
ar
t
s
h
o
ws
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
eliv
er
s
o
v
er
all
s
ati
s
f
a
ctio
n
to
t
h
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
t
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
to
d
ev
elo
p
,
test
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
y
p
es o
f
tas
k
s
an
d
th
e
d
i
g
ital
w
o
r
k
er
s
i
n
all
u
v
ia
l
ch
ar
t
ap
p
s
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
liter
at
u
r
e,
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
id
en
ti
f
ied
th
r
ee
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
th
at
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
’
s
.
T
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
t
y
p
e
o
f
task
s
(
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
co
m
p
le
x
)
,
o
u
tco
m
e
v
ar
iatio
n
(
h
i
g
h
a
n
d
lo
w
)
,
an
d
co
m
p
e
ten
c
y
lev
e
l
o
f
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
(
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
,
ap
p
licat
io
n
,
an
al
y
s
is
,
s
y
n
th
e
s
is
an
d
e
v
al
u
atio
n
)
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
h
r
ee
m
ain
asp
ec
ts
w
h
ich
ar
e
v
i
s
u
al
izatio
n
,
in
ter
ac
tio
n
w
i
th
th
e
ap
p
'
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
B
ase
d
o
n
th
e
r
es
u
lt
a
n
d
f
i
n
d
in
g
,
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
7
6
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
ag
r
ee
d
th
at
th
e
all
u
v
ia
l
c
h
ar
t
s
h
o
ws
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
task
s
an
d
th
e
d
ig
ita
l
w
o
r
k
er
s
.
Ma
j
o
r
ity
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
is
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
to
w
ar
d
th
e
ap
p
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
in
t
er
m
o
f
th
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
.
A
s
a
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
d
ef
i
n
ed
th
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
ese
w
i
ll
f
ac
ili
tate
a
p
latf
o
r
m
to
m
atc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
s
to
th
e
task
s
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
n
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
o
f
ea
ch
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
a
n
d
its
s
i
g
n
if
ican
ce
e
v
en
t
u
all
y
m
i
n
i
m
iz
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
a
n
d
s
k
i
lls
o
f
t
h
e
d
ig
ital
w
o
r
k
er
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
th
an
k
to
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
I
n
s
tit
u
te,
Un
iv
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
AR
A
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
c
h
f
u
n
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
d
er
L
E
ST
A
R
I
Gr
an
t
w
it
h
r
ef
er
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
6
0
0
-
I
R
MI
/DAN
A
5
/3
/L
E
ST
A
R
I
(
0
1
3
6
/2
0
1
6
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
A
s
s
es
s
men
t o
f Cr
o
w
d
s
o
u
r
cin
g
Ta
s
k
Mu
ltid
imen
s
io
n
a
l R
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
Mo
d
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
…
(
N
u
r
h
a
ya
ti Za
ka
r
ia
)
385
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ho
w
e
J.
T
h
e
rise
o
f
c
ro
w
d
so
u
rc
in
g
,
in
wire
d
m
a
g
a
zin
e
,
D
o
rs
e
y
Pre
ss
.
2
0
0
6
.
1
4
(6
):
1
-
4.
[2
]
Zak
a
riah
Z,
Ja
n
o
m
N,
A
rsh
a
d
N.
“
Cro
w
d
so
u
rc
in
g
t
o
Up
l
if
t
th
e
L
if
e
st
y
l
e
o
f
L
o
w
In
c
o
m
e
Co
m
m
u
n
it
y
”
.
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
L
e
tt
e
rs
.
2
0
1
6
.
2
2
(5
-
6
):
1
6
5
8
-
1
6
6
1
.
[3
]
S
a
ll
e
h
S
S
,
A
rsh
a
d
N
H,
M
a
stu
k
i
N,
A
ris,
S
R
S
,
&
Ja
n
o
m
N.
“
F
o
rm
u
latin
g
c
o
h
e
siv
e
d
ig
it
a
l
e
c
o
s
y
ste
m
o
f
m
i
c
ro
so
u
rc
in
g
b
u
sin
e
ss
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
M
a
la
y
sia
”
.
In
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
S
AI)
,
2
0
1
3
.
3
2
1
-
3
2
7
.
[4
]
Zak
a
riah
Z,
Ja
n
o
m
N,
&
A
rsh
a
d
N
H.
(2
0
1
5
,
A
u
g
u
st).
“
Bu
si
n
e
ss
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
c
ro
w
d
so
u
rc
in
g
”
.
In
IEE
E
6
th
C
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m Gra
d
u
a
te R
e
se
a
rc
h
Co
ll
o
q
u
i
u
m (
ICS
GRC)
.
2
0
1
5
.
6
6
-
6
9
.
[5
]
Estellés
-
A
ro
las
,
E.
,
&
G
o
n
z
á
lez
-
L
a
d
ró
n
-
De
-
G
u
e
v
a
ra
,
F
.
“
T
o
w
a
rd
s
a
n
in
teg
ra
ted
c
ro
w
d
so
u
rc
in
g
d
e
f
in
it
io
n
”
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
c
ien
c
e
.
2
0
1
2
.
3
8
(
2
):
1
8
9
-
2
0
0
.
[6
]
Estellés
-
A
ro
las
E,
N
a
v
a
rro
-
G
in
e
r
R,
&
G
o
n
z
á
lez
-
L
a
d
ró
n
-
de
-
G
u
e
v
a
ra
.
“
Cro
w
d
so
u
rc
in
g
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals:
d
e
f
in
it
io
n
a
n
d
ty
p
o
lo
g
y
”
.
In
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s in
c
ro
w
d
so
u
rc
in
g
.
2
0
1
5
.
3
3
-
4
8
.
[7
]
He
y
li
g
h
e
n
F
.
“
W
h
a
t
is
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
?
P
rin
c
i
p
ia Cy
b
e
rn
e
ti
c
a
W
e
b
”
.
1
9
9
6
,
h
tt
p
:
//
p
e
sp
m
c
1
.
v
u
b
.
a
c
.
b
e
/co
m
p
lex
i.
h
t
m
l.
[8
]
A
h
m
a
d
A
.
,
Yu
so
f
.
R.
a
n
d
M
it
su
k
u
ra
.
Y.
(2
0
1
5
)
.
“
P
h
e
ro
m
o
n
e
-
Ba
se
d
Ko
h
o
n
e
n
S
e
lf
-
Org
a
n
izin
g
M
a
p
(P
KSOM
)
i
n
Clu
ste
rin
g
o
f
T
ro
p
ica
l
W
o
o
d
S
p
e
c
ies
:
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
S
c
a
lab
il
it
y
”
.
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
1
0
t
h
Asia
n
Co
n
tro
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
2
0
1
5
(
AS
CC 2
0
1
5
)
.
[9
]
Ko
ta Kin
a
b
a
l
u
,
3
1
st
M
a
y
-
3
rd
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
S
u
e
D W
.
“
M
u
lt
id
im
e
n
sio
n
a
l
f
a
c
e
ts
o
f
c
u
lt
u
ra
l
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
e
”
.
T
h
e
C
o
u
n
se
li
n
g
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
ist
,
2
0
0
1
.
2
9
(
6
):
7
9
0
-
8
2
1
.
[1
1
]
“
S
tatisti
c
ian
:
jo
b
d
e
sc
rip
t
io
n
”
.
Re
tri
e
v
e
d
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
s://
targ
e
tj
o
b
s.co
.
u
k
/ca
re
e
rs
-
a
d
v
ice
/j
o
b
-
d
e
sc
rip
ti
o
n
s/2
7
9
1
0
7
-
sta
ti
sticia
n
-
jo
b
-
d
e
sc
rip
ti
o
n
[1
2
]
Kru
e
g
e
r
R
A
.
“
F
o
c
u
s g
ro
u
p
s: A
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
a
p
p
li
e
d
re
se
a
rc
h
5
th
Ed
i
ti
o
n
”
.
S
a
g
e
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
(
2
0
1
4
).
3
1
-
3
2
.
[1
3
]
S
tew
a
rt
D
W
,
&
S
h
a
m
d
a
sa
n
i
P
N.
“
F
o
c
u
s
g
ro
u
p
s:
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
ti
c
e
3
rd
Ed
it
io
n
”
.
(
V
o
l.
2
0
).
S
a
g
e
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
4
.
6
4
.
[1
4
]
Ka
m
a
ru
d
d
in
,
Ka
m
a
li
a
A
z
m
a
a
n
d
M
d
N
o
o
r,
No
rL
a
il
a
,
"
Cit
ize
n
-
c
e
n
tri
c
De
m
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
l
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
s"
(2
0
1
7
).
P
A
CIS
2
0
1
7
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s.
1
3
9
.
[1
5
]
Du
d
o
v
sk
iy
J.
“
A
p
p
le Co
rp
o
ra
te
S
o
c
ial
Re
sp
o
n
si
b
il
i
ty
(CS
R)
”
,
Res
e
a
rc
h
M
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
5
[1
6
]
Ko
k
e
m
u
ll
e
r
Ne
il
.
“
T
h
e
F
o
c
u
s
G
ro
u
p
Re
se
a
rc
h
M
e
th
o
d
.
2
0
1
8
”
.
S
ma
ll
Bu
si
n
e
ss
-
Ch
ro
n
.
c
o
m
.
Re
tri
e
v
e
d
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:
//
sm
a
ll
b
u
sin
e
ss
.
c
h
ro
n
.
c
o
m
/f
o
c
u
s
-
g
ro
u
p
-
re
se
a
rc
h
-
m
e
th
o
d
-
1
7
4
6
4
.
h
tm
l
[1
7
]
T
h
e
n
K
L
,
Ra
n
k
in
J
A
&
A
li
E.
“
F
o
c
u
s
g
ro
u
p
re
se
a
rc
h
:
W
h
a
t
is
i
t
a
n
d
h
o
w
c
a
n
it
b
e
u
se
d
?
”.
Ca
n
a
d
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ca
rd
io
v
a
sc
u
la
r N
u
rs
in
g
.
2
0
1
4
.
2
4
(1
).
1
6
-
2
2
.
[1
8
]
Cro
ss
m
a
n
&
As
h
le
y
.
“
Ho
w
to
Us
e
F
o
c
u
s
G
ro
u
p
s
i
n
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
Re
se
a
r
c
h
?
”
.
2
0
1
8
.
Re
tri
e
v
e
d
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
th
o
u
g
h
tco
.
c
o
m
/u
se
-
fo
c
u
s
-
g
ro
u
p
s
-
in
-
re
se
a
rc
h
-
3
0
2
6
5
3
3
[1
9
]
G
re
g
G
u
e
st,
Em
il
y
Na
m
e
y
,
a
n
d
Ke
v
in
M
c
Ke
n
n
a
.
“
Ho
w
M
a
n
y
F
o
c
u
s
G
ro
u
p
s
A
re
En
o
u
g
h
?
Bu
il
d
in
g
a
n
Ev
i
d
e
n
c
e
Ba
se
f
o
r
No
n
p
ro
b
a
b
il
it
y
S
a
m
p
le
S
ize
s
”
.
S
a
g
e
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
6
.
2
9
(
1
):
3
–
22
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.