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ns
t
i
t
u
t
e
a
n
o
s
c
i
ll
a
t
o
r
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
wh
o
s
e
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
m
us
t
b
e
c
h
o
s
e
n
s
m
a
ll
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
vi
br
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
w
i
l
l
a
l
m
o
s
t
i
ns
t
a
n
t
a
n
e
o
us
l
y
r
e
v
e
r
s
e
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
f
t
h
e
p
i
e
z
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
h
us
b
r
i
ng
t
h
e
vi
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
pe
e
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
i
n
t
o
ph
a
s
e
.
M
i
s
t
r
a
l
e
t
al
.
[
2]
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
he
s
-
S
S
HI
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
,
t
h
e
p
-
S
S
HI
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
u
n
d
e
r
v
a
r
i
o
us
o
pe
r
a
t
i
n
g
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
ge
c
o
up
l
i
ng
s
t
a
t
e
(
k2QM
=
1)
,
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
u
m
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
c
e
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
p
-
S
S
HI
i
s
a
r
o
un
d
t
h
e
s
h
o
rt
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
f
r
e
que
nc
y
,
t
h
e
o
pt
i
m
u
m
r
e
s
o
n
a
nc
e
f
o
r
s
-
S
S
HI
i
s
a
r
o
un
d
t
h
e
o
pe
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
f
r
e
que
nc
y
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
c
o
nf
i
gur
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
s
t
a
n
da
r
d
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
n
g
c
ur
r
e
n
t
(
AC
)
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
h
a
s
t
wo
m
a
xi
m
u
m
s
a
t
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
a
nd
a
t
a
n
o
pe
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
.
Ne
v
e
r
t
h
e
l
e
s
s
,
i
n
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
pr
o
pe
r
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
ha
r
v
e
s
t
e
r
(
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
c
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
)
m
a
y
be
a
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
r
e
o
r
h
u
mi
d
i
t
y
,
w
hi
c
h
l
e
a
d
s
t
o
de
gr
a
da
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
pt
i
m
u
m
im
pe
da
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
a
da
pt
a
t
i
o
n
.
A
l
o
a
d
-
i
nde
pe
n
de
n
t
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
uc
h
a
s
L
e
f
e
u
v
r
e
e
t
al
.
[
3]
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
y
nc
h
r
o
n
o
us
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
ha
r
ge
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
(
S
E
C
E
)
c
a
n
a
v
o
i
d
t
h
e
s
e
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
.
I
n
ge
n
e
r
a
l
,
t
he
po
we
r
h
a
r
v
e
s
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
S
E
C
E
i
s
4
t
i
m
e
s
hi
g
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
s
t
a
n
da
r
d
t
e
c
hni
que
a
n
d
i
s
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
l
y
i
nde
pe
n
de
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
l
o
a
d.
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
pr
o
b
l
e
m
o
f
S
E
C
E
i
s
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
o
n
-
t
i
m
e
t
uni
ng
f
o
r
pe
r
f
e
c
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge
c
a
n
c
e
ll
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
hi
s
t
i
m
e
m
a
y
c
h
a
n
ge
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
p
i
e
z
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
(
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
,
s
tr
e
s
s
,
or
s
t
a
i
n
a
m
p
li
t
ud
e
)
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
n
o
pt
i
mi
z
e
d
ve
r
s
i
o
n
o
f
S
E
C
E
,
c
a
l
l
e
d
o
pt
i
mi
z
e
d
s
y
nc
h
r
o
n
o
us
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
h
a
r
ge
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
(
OSE
C
E
)
[
4
]
-
[
5]
.
C
a
n
be
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
a
s
a
hy
br
i
d
b
e
t
we
e
n
S
E
C
E
(
f
o
r
l
o
w
l
o
a
d
i
m
p
e
da
n
c
e
)
a
n
d
S
S
HI
(
f
o
r
hi
g
h
l
o
a
d
i
m
pe
da
n
c
e
)
.
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
r
e
pl
a
c
e
s
t
h
e
d
i
o
de
b
r
i
dge
w
i
t
h
t
wo
pr
i
m
a
r
y
w
i
nd
i
ng
s
c
o
nne
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
p
i
e
z
o
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
t
wo
o
pp
o
s
i
n
g
u
ni
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
c
e
ll
s
t
r
i
gg
e
r
e
d
o
n
m
a
xi
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
i
n
im
u
m
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
ly
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
a
l
l
s
y
nc
h
r
o
ni
z
e
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
h
a
r
v
e
s
t
i
n
g
(
SSH
)
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
i
nc
l
ud
i
ng
do
ubl
e
s
y
nc
h
r
o
ni
z
e
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
h
a
r
v
e
s
t
i
n
g
(
DSS
H
)
[
6]
e
n
ha
n
c
e
d
s
y
nc
h
r
o
ni
z
e
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
h
a
r
v
e
s
t
i
n
g
(
E
S
S
H
)
[
7
]
-
[
8]
.
T
h
e
e
nh
a
nc
e
d
s
y
nc
h
r
o
ni
z
e
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
ha
r
v
e
s
t
i
n
g
(
E
S
S
H)
c
o
nf
i
gur
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
c
t
ua
l
ly
a
n
i
m
pr
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
he
DSS
H
t
e
c
h
ni
que
.
T
h
e
E
S
S
H
t
e
c
hni
que
de
pe
n
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
C
i
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
c
a
pa
c
i
t
o
r
d
o
e
s
n
ot
di
s
c
h
a
r
ge
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
ly
t
h
r
o
ugh
t
h
e
i
nduc
t
or
.
T
hi
s
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
o
r
e
d
i
n
C
i
n
t
e
ns
ur
e
s
a
be
tt
e
r
c
o
m
pr
o
m
i
s
e
i
n
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
t
i
mi
ng
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
vi
br
a
t
i
o
n
d
a
m
p
in
g.
I
n
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
Gu
y
o
m
a
r
t
e
a
m
h
a
s
r
e
po
r
t
e
d
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
o
t
h
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
t
e
c
hni
que
s
.
E
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
i
nc
l
ude
s
y
nc
h
r
o
ni
z
e
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
h
a
r
v
e
s
t
i
n
g
o
n
i
n
du
c
to
r
us
i
n
g
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
(
S
S
HI
-
M
R
)
[
9
]
,
Hy
b
r
i
d
S
S
HI
a
n
d
s
y
nc
h
r
o
ni
z
e
d
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
a
n
d
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
t
o
a
s
to
r
a
ge
c
a
pa
c
i
to
r
t
h
r
o
ugh
a
n
i
nduc
t
o
r
(
S
S
DC
I
)
[
10
]
-
[
12]
.
Al
l
t
h
e
s
e
s
t
r
a
t
e
gi
e
s
a
r
e
ba
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
vi
br
a
t
i
n
g
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
.
I
n
t
hi
s
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
,
to
i
m
pr
o
v
e
t
h
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
t
ud
y
a
n
d
pr
o
po
s
e
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
n
e
t
wor
k
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
ge
n
e
r
a
t
or
s
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
e
d
a
t
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
S
HH
I
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
,
b
ut
m
a
ny
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
a
r
i
s
e
wh
e
n
de
p
l
o
y
i
ng
t
h
e
s
e
n
o
n
-
l
i
ne
a
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
t
o
p
o
l
o
gi
e
s
[
13
]
-
[
15
]
.
T
h
e
y
a
r
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
s
i
g
n
a
l
de
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
i
e
s
,
s
w
i
t
c
h
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
l
o
a
d.
DSS
H
t
e
c
h
ni
que
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
a
n
o
nl
i
ne
a
r
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
ut
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
f
t
h
e
p
i
e
z
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
.
I
n
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
ge
o
f
t
hi
s
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
u
s
ua
l
s
t
a
n
da
r
d
t
e
c
hni
que
i
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
e
d
p
o
we
r
i
s
in
de
pe
n
d
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
l
o
a
d.
I
n
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
i
s
t
o
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
n
e
t
wo
r
k
to
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
DSS
H
t
e
c
hni
q
ue
t
o
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
t
h
e
m
a
xim
u
m
po
we
r
i
n
d
e
pe
n
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2.
T
HE
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T
I
CA
L
AN
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YSI
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AN
D
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YST
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M
DE
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GN
2
.
1.
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[
16
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.
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[
4]
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[
6]
,
[
9]
.
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[
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4752
T
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M
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c
t
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m
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u
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t
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19]
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20]
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x
pr
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hi
s
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we
c
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DC
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c
ha
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ge
d
[
21
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[
24]
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29)
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3
.
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26]
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q
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(3
2
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w
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C
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)
eq
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s
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s
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s
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t
(
33)
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DSSH
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DSSH
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(
34)
3.
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ar
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ar
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t
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[
27
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[
30]
.
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y
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T
h
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m
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≈
5
(
35)
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o
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c
:
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(
−
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=
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36)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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e
r
g
y
f
o
r
n
e
t
wo
r
k
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
DSS
H
E
ne
r
g
y
E
x
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
I
n
f
unc
ti
o
n E
DSS
H
-
i
n
d
E
DSS
H
-
i
n
d
∑
(
1
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c
C
in
t
(
V
C
i
n
t
)
e
n
d
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j
n
j
=
1
∑
(
E
D
S
S
H
−
in
d
)
j
n
j
=
1
E
DSS
H
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p
a
r
a
ll
e
l
1
2
n
C
in
V
DC
V
in
t
γ
c
n
V
DC
V
in
t
×
E
D
S
S
H
−
in
d
E
DSS
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e
1
2n
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in
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t
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c
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n
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DC
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D
S
S
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in
d
E
mon
o
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DSS
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c
C
in
t
(
n
C
0
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in
t
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0
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√
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V
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n
d
2
(
n
(
C
in
t
+
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0
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t
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1
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(
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1
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1
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γ
0
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(
E
2
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D
S
S
H
−
in
d
E
S
T
D
1
5
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(
1
2
γ
c
C
in
t
(
V
C
i
n
t
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e
n
d
2
)
j
n
j
=
1
∑
(
1
5
E
D
S
S
H
−
in
d
)
j
n
j
=
1
I
n
F
i
gu
r
e
5
w
e
h
a
v
e
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
o
n
tai
n
s
3
p
i
e
z
oe
l
e
c
tr
i
c
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
f
or
m
s
,
m
a
i
nl
y
we
h
a
v
e
g
ot
th
a
t
th
e
h
a
r
v
e
s
ted
e
n
e
r
g
i
e
s
whi
c
h
i
s
us
e
d
i
n
th
e
top
o
l
o
gi
e
s
M
o
n
o
-
D
S
S
H
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
l
y
i
m
p
or
tan
t
a
n
d
i
t
'
s
l
i
tt
l
e
bi
t
m
or
e
th
a
n
DS
S
H
-
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
n
e
a
r
l
y
1
2
0
%
.
W
e
h
a
v
e
a
l
s
o
f
oun
d
th
a
t
m
o
n
o
-
D
S
S
H
i
s
m
or
e
th
a
n
D
S
S
H
-
s
e
r
i
e
s
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
by
6
50
%
a
n
d
i
t
h
a
s
e
x
c
e
e
d
D
S
S
H
-
i
n
d
by
2
40
%
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
pa
r
t
o
f
w
or
k
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
or
s
s
t
u
di
e
d
t
h
e
i
nf
l
ue
n
c
e
o
f
c
h
a
n
ge
t
h
e
pi
e
z
o
e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
n
u
m
be
r
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
F
i
gu
r
e
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,
a
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
to
e
n
e
r
gy
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
n
.
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e
h
a
v
e
n
ot
i
c
e
d
i
n
c
r
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a
s
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
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n
e
r
gy
,
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c
h
d
i
vi
de
s
i
n
to
3
c
a
s
e
s
.
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n
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
c
a
s
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wh
e
n
n
≤
4
w
e
f
i
n
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
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s
tan
da
r
d
e
n
e
r
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s
m
a
xi
m
u
m
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
D
S
S
H
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m
o
n
o
c
o
m
pa
r
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n
g
to
oth
e
r
c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
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h
e
n
n
=
4
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
D
S
S
H
-
m
o
n
o
a
n
d
D
S
S
H
-
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
m
a
xi
m
a
l
a
n
d
n
e
a
r
l
y
e
q
ua
l
.
I
n
thi
s
c
a
s
e
,
D
S
S
H
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m
o
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
ta
y
s
e
a
s
y
a
n
d
we
a
k
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
oc
e
s
s
.
Al
s
o
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l
to
wa
s
te
d
e
n
e
r
gy
o
n
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
e
l
e
c
tr
o
n
i
c
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
t
h
e
r
a
te
o
f
di
s
s
i
pa
t
i
o
n
hi
ghl
y
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
too.
I
n
t
h
e
c
a
s
e
o
f
n
>
4
,
we
h
a
v
e
n
ot
i
c
e
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
c
u
r
v
e
o
f
e
x
tr
a
c
ted
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
n
DS
S
H
-
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
o
th
e
r
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
t
h
a
s
m
ul
t
i
p
l
i
e
d
wh
e
n
pi
e
z
o
qu
a
n
t
i
t
y
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
we
c
a
n
ge
t
m
a
xi
m
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
f
r
o
m
f
or
m
s
wh
i
c
h
c
o
n
tai
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
e
s
ou
r
c
e
s
''p
i
e
z
oe
l
e
c
tr
i
c
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
''
by
s
tan
di
n
g
o
n
D
S
S
H
-
m
o
n
o
c
o
m
p
os
i
t
i
o
n
wh
e
n
n
≤
4
a
n
d
i
n
c
l
ud
i
n
g
DS
S
H
-
m
o
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
a
n
d
D
S
S
H
-
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
wh
e
n
pi
e
z
o
i
s
m
or
e
th
a
n
4
pi
e
z
o
e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
s
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
.
F
i
gur
e
5
.
T
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
n
e
t
wor
k
to
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
F
i
gur
e
6.
T
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
h
a
r
v
e
s
t
e
d
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
to
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
a
s
a
f
u
nc
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
i
e
z
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
nu
m
b
e
r
4.
S
I
M
UL
AT
I
ON
RE
S
UL
T
S
I
n
t
hi
s
s
u
b
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
we
w
il
l
d
i
s
c
us
s
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
pr
o
duc
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d
i
s
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
ll
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pe
n
d
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n
t
o
n
h
o
w
t
h
e
DS
S
H
c
i
r
c
u
i
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r
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t
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d.
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h
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t
r
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t
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t
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e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
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m
u
l
a
t
i
o
ns
i
s
a
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e
n
e
r
a
t
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o
f
t
h
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c
ur
r
e
n
t
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PZ
pa
r
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l
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l
w
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t
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c
a
pa
c
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t
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r
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[
31]
-
[
33]
i
n
F
i
gur
e
7.
T
hi
s
m
o
d
e
l
us
e
d
i
n
p
hy
s
i
c
a
l
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
m
a
n
a
ge
m
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n
(
P
S
I
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by
a
dd
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t
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r
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c
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r
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.
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s
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d
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s
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l
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t
i
e
s
a
r
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g
i
v
e
n
i
n
T
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bl
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r
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o
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d
a
s
a
f
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t
t
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s
o
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t
h
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t
t
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a
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t
t
h
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s
a
m
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s
u
l
t
s
b
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t
we
e
n
s
t
ud
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
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s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
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H
-
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r
a
l
l
e
l
a
n
d
M
o
n
o
-
DSS
H
topo
l
o
g
y
i
s
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
,
a
l
s
o
e
n
e
r
g
y
h
a
r
ve
s
t
i
n
g
f
o
r
n
e
t
wo
r
k
to
p
ol
o
g
y
S
T
D
i
s
n
e
g
li
g
i
bl
e
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
ot
h
e
r
topo
l
o
g
i
e
s
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
i
e
z
o
n
u
m
be
r
i
s
l
e
s
s
t
h
a
n
4
we
n
o
t
i
c
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
DSS
H
-
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
a
n
d
M
o
n
o
-
DSS
H
to
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
h
a
v
e
a
ppr
o
xi
m
a
t
e
l
y
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
,
whil
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
a
s
e
o
f
n
<
4,
we
f
i
nd
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
DSS
H
-
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
s
t
r
uc
t
u
r
e
i
s
be
tt
e
r
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
M
o
n
o
-
DS
S
H.
I
t
e
x
p
l
a
i
ns
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
DSS
H
-
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
a
n
d
M
o
n
o
-
DSS
H
to
p
o
l
o
gy
,
u
n
t
i
l
we
f
i
nd
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
m
o
no
DS
S
H
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r
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s
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r
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n
d
t
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ne
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i
n
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t
a
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s
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t
due
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g
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t
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i
gur
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h
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e
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if
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n
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m
be
r
5.
CONC
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USI
ON
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n
th
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m
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d
s
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top
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l
ogy
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t
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gy
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s
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[
1]
D
.
G
u
y
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,
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.
B
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.
L
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nd
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.
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ic
ha
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o
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,
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E
tr
ans
ac
ti
ons
on
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tr
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,
f
e
r
r
oe
le
c
tr
ic
s
,
and
f
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
c
ont
r
ol
,
v
o
l.
52,
n
o
4,
p.
584
-
595,
2005,
do
i
:
10.1109/
T
U
F
F
C
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[
2]
C
.
J
e
a
n
-
M
is
tr
a
l,
A
.
S
y
l
ve
s
tr
e
,
S
.
B
a
s
r
o
u
r
,
a
nd
J
. J
.
C
h
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il
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ut
,
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ie
l
e
c
t
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c
pr
o
pe
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l
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y
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e
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s
a
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c
tu
a
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r
s
,
"
Sm
ar
t
m
at
e
r
ia
ls
and s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
s
, v
o
l.
19, n
o
7,
2010,
do
i:
10.1088/0964
-
1726/19/
12/
125009.
[
3]
E
.
L
e
f
e
u
v
r
e
,
D
.
A
udi
gi
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.
R
ic
ha
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.
G
u
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uc
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r
ans
ac
ti
ons
on
P
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r
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c
tr
oni
c
s
,
v
o
l.
22,
no
5,
p
p
.
2018
-
2025,
2007,
do
i:
10.1109/
T
P
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L
.2007.904230.
[
4]
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.
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f
e
u
v
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,
A
.
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.
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.
of
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ll
.
m
at
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r
ia
l
s
y
s
t
.
and s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
s
, v
ol
. 16, no
10, p
p
. 865
-
876,
2005,
d
o
i
:
10.1177/1045389X050568
59.
[
5]
Y
.
W
u,
A
.
B
a
de
l,
F
.
F
o
r
m
o
s
a
,
W
.
L
iu
,
a
nd
A
.
E
.
A
gb
o
s
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u
,
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ic
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br
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ne
r
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im
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y
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o
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,
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our
nal
of
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ll
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r
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l
Sy
s
te
m
s
and
St
r
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s
,
v
o
l.
24,
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o
12,
p
p
.
1445
-
1458,
201
3
,
do
i:
10.1177/1045389X13517315.
[
6]
M
.
L
a
ll
a
r
t,
L
.
G
a
r
bui
o
,
L
.
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e
ti
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.
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ha
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nd
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.
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o
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(
D
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)
:
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r
g
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x
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c
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ons
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r
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s
,
and
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qu
e
nc
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c
ont
r
ol
,
vo
l.
55, no
10, p
p
. 2119
-
2130,
2008,
d
o
i
:
10.1109/
T
U
F
F
C
.912.
[
7]
M
.
L
a
ll
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r
t,
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o
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te
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f
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E
ne
r
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C
onv
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r
s
io
n and M
anage
m
e
nt
, v
o
l.
133, p
p
. 444
-
457,
20
17,
do
i:
10.1016/j
.
e
n
c
o
nma
n.2016.10.065.
[
8]
E
.
A
.
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que
o
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F
.
Q
ua
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in
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ha
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ar
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M
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ls
and
St
r
uc
tu
r
e
s
,
v
o
l.
19,
no
.
10, p. 105002,
2010,
do
i:
10.1088/0964
-
1726/19/
11/
115017.
[
9]
M
.
L
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ll
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.
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ns
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A
:
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hy
s
ic
al
,
vo
l.
165,
no
2,
p
p
.
294
-
302,
2011,
do
i:
10.1016/j
.s
na
.2010.09.022.
[
10]
L
.
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u,
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.
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hu,
a
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.
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,
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Se
ns
or
s
, v
o
l.
21, n
o
2, p. 615,
2021,
d
oi
:
10.3390/
s
21020615.
[
11]
M
.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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ndu
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o
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l
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s
s
s
y
n
c
h
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ni
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s
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ha
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us
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g
a
pi
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o
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tr
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o
s
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i
ll
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t
o
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,
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.
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
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r
E
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e
c
e
nt
pr
o
gr
e
s
s
in
pi
e
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l
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t
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o
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ve
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g
y
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f
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s
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ue
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n s
ma
ll
s
c
a
le
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mpl
e
me
n
ta
ti
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n
,
"
M
ic
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om
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s
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D
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u
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d,
"
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n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
of
th
e
t
o
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ig
ur
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,
"
I
n
A
c
ti
v
e
and P
as
s
iv
e
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ar
t
St
r
uc
tu
r
e
s
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e
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s
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r
pt
i
o
n
a
nd
e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
a
ll
y
c
o
nt
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f
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ng
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mm
o
ni
a
m
o
l
e
c
ul
e
s
o
n
g
r
a
phe
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,
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it
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s
c
a
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e
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i
o
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s
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ti
ta
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t
e
pi
e
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oc
e
r
a
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i
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"
E
nha
nc
e
d
s
y
n
c
hr
o
ni
z
e
d
s
w
it
c
h
ha
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ve
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ti
ng:
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ne
w
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n
e
r
g
y
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ve
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ng
s
c
h
e
m
e
f
or
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nt
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ne
r
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tr
a
c
ti
o
n
,
"
Sm
ar
t
M
at
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ia
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a
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s
ti
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ti
o
n
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l
e
c
tr
i
c
c
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g
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o
ut
put
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o
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ie
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e
r
g
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ha
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ve
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ai
n
,
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la
e
i,
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P
o
w
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r
E
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n
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m
e
nt
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n
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c
E
n
e
r
g
y
H
a
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ve
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a
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ta
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o
ul
in
,
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z
oe
l
e
c
tr
i
c
di
a
phr
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gm
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o
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r
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e
n
e
r
g
y
ha
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ve
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,
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U
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tt
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n,
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nn,
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ha
tt
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a
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G
.
A
.
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e
s
ie
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tr
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,
"
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ve
pi
e
z
oe
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ir
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ui
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m
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o
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r
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,
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E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
ti
ons
on
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e
r
e
le
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A
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ja
f
a
ll
a
h
,
A
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a
jj
a
ji
,
D
.
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u
y
oma
r
,
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.
K
a
nd
o
us
s
i
,
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. B
e
lh
o
r
a
, a
nd
Y
. B
o
ugha
l
e
b
,
"
M
o
d
e
li
ng
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o
l
y
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r
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th
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n
e
/l
e
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d z
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r
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o
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omp
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r
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ti
o
n
e
ne
r
g
y
ha
r
v
e
s
ti
ng
,
"
J
our
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om
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e
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ia
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, 2019, v
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k,
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ib
r
a
ti
o
n
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o
l
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pi
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i
c
ma
t
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r
ia
ls
,"
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our
nal
of
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te
ll
ig
e
nt
m
at
e
r
ia
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
and
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tr
uc
tu
r
e
s
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4
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A.
B
r
e
n
e
s
,
A.
M
o
r
e
l
,
J.
J
ui
ll
a
r
d
,
E.
L
e
f
e
u
v
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e
,
,
a
nd
A.
B
a
de
l,
"
M
a
x
im
um
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
of
pi
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oe
l
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tr
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ne
r
g
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v
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s
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tr
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c
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l
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ng
,
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Sm
ar
t
m
at
e
r
ia
ls
and s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
s
,
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B
a
de
l,
A
.
B
e
na
y
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d,
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.
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e
f
e
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v
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e
,
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.
L
e
br
un,
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.
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c
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r
d,
a
nd
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.
G
u
y
oma
r
,
"
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in
gl
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r
y
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ta
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o
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r
a
t
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E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
ti
ons
on
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tr
a
s
oni
c
s
,
f
e
r
r
o
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le
c
tr
ic
s
,
and
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
c
ont
r
ol
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n,
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e
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S
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W
a
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W
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C
he
n,
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nd
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G
ua
n
,
"
S
tu
d
y
of
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l
o
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-
p
o
w
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-
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o
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umpt
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o
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pi
e
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tr
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r
g
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ir
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ng t
e
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o
l
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g
y
,
"
E
ne
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gi
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E
lh
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E
n
na
w
a
o
ui
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A
.
H
a
jj
a
ji
,
a
nd
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.
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o
ugha
l
e
b
,
"
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h
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or
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t
ic
a
l
s
tu
d
y
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ul
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im
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r
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ma
nc
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of
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a
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,
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I
O
P
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
Se
r
i
e
s
:
M
at
e
r
ia
ls
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
E
ngi
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e
r
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E
nna
w
a
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ui
,
H
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L
i
f
i,
A
.
H
a
jj
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ji
,
A
.
E
lb
a
ll
o
ut
i,
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.
L
a
a
s
r
i,
a
nd
A
.
A
z
im
,
"
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a
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
li
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ma
s
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s
pr
in
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s
s
y
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m:
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,
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E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
Sol
id
M
e
c
hani
c
s
,
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l.
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.
E
l
H
ma
ms
y
,
C
.
E
nna
w
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o
ui
,
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.
N
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.
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a
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te
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nt
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nat
io
nal
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onf
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e
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e
on
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ig
it
al
T
e
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hnol
ogi
e
s
and
A
pp
li
c
at
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ns
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2021
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a
ti
ma
,
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M
a
ma
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.
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e
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ig
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nt
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ic
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om
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I
J
E
E
C
S)
,
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