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,
P
ay
P
al,
etc.
,
a
th
ir
d
p
ar
t
y
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
m
p
lete
y
o
u
r
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
th
ir
d
p
ar
tier
s
is
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
eir
d
ata
b
y
m
ai
n
t
ain
i
n
g
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
h
is
to
r
y
an
d
b
alan
ce
s
o
f
ea
c
h
acc
o
u
n
t.
W
e
s
h
all
ill
u
s
tr
ate
b
eh
av
io
r
s
o
f
B
T
C
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
P
o
W
to
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t:
if
A
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
y
,
s
en
t
B
w
h
ich
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
ty
$
1
0
0
,
th
en
C
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
th
ir
d
-
p
ar
ty
w
o
u
ld
d
ed
u
ct
A’
s
a
n
d
ad
d
B
’
s
,
s
o
b
o
th
(
A
a
n
d
B
)
h
av
e
to
tr
u
s
t C (
t
h
ir
d
-
p
ar
t
y
)
w
h
e
n
d
o
in
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ested
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
w
i
th
b
itco
in
(
w
h
ic
h
u
s
e
s
P
o
W
)
,
ev
er
y
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
h
as
a
c
o
p
y
o
f
all
v
er
if
ied
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
n
ee
d
f
o
r
th
ir
d
p
ar
ties
to
g
et
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
,
b
ec
au
s
e
d
i
r
ec
t
v
er
if
ica
t
io
n
i
s
o
b
tain
ab
le.
I
n
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
s
tak
e
(
P
o
S)
s
y
s
te
m
(
o
r
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
o
r
f
u
n
ct
io
n
)
th
e
d
etails
f
o
r
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
v
a
lid
atio
n
ar
e
q
u
ite
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
o
s
e
u
s
ed
in
P
o
W
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
P
o
S
is
th
e
s
a
m
e
a
s
o
f
t
h
e
P
o
W
;
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
d
if
f
er
en
t.
P
r
o
o
f
o
f
s
ta
k
e
o
r
Po
S,
f
ir
s
t
id
ea
w
as
in
co
n
f
er
en
ce
in
2
0
1
1
ca
lled
b
itco
in
talk
,
a
n
d
P
P
-
co
in
w
a
s
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t d
ig
ital c
u
r
r
en
c
y
u
s
ed
i
n
2
0
1
2
,
[
5
]
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
P
O
W
in M
o
re
Det
a
ils
Sato
s
h
i
Nak
a
m
o
to
[
4
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
co
in
s
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
a
s
a
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
d
i
g
ital
s
i
g
n
at
u
r
es.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
co
i
n
s
ta
k
e
s
o
f
f
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
w
n
er
to
t
h
e
n
ex
t
b
y
d
ig
it
all
y
a
s
s
i
g
n
in
g
a
h
a
s
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
an
d
th
e
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
ex
t
o
w
n
er
to
t
h
e
e
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
co
i
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
a
p
a
y
ee
ca
n
r
e
v
ie
w
th
e
s
i
g
n
atu
r
e
s
to
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
ch
ai
n
o
f
o
w
n
er
s
h
ip
as Fig
u
r
e
-
1
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
.
Fig
u
r
e1
.
T
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
s
i
g
n
ed
d
ig
itall
y
[
4
]
W
h
en
t
h
e
p
a
y
ee
ca
n
'
t
v
er
i
f
y
a
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
p
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
co
i
n
if
h
a
p
p
en
ed
,
A
p
p
r
o
v
ed
C
en
tr
al
Au
th
o
r
it
y
,
o
r
(
AC
A
f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t)
,
w
ill b
e
ad
d
ed
,
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
o
n
ce
a
tr
an
s
a
ctio
n
is
co
m
p
l
eted
,
ea
ch
co
in
h
as to
r
etu
r
n
b
ac
k
to
th
e
AC
A
.
T
h
en
t
h
e
AC
A
w
ill
is
s
u
e
a
n
e
w
o
n
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
n
o
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
p
en
t
w
ill
h
ap
p
en
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
w
it
h
t
h
i
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
m
o
n
e
y
s
y
s
te
m
is
ce
n
tr
al
ized
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
th
e
AC
A
,
w
it
h
e
v
er
y
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
h
av
i
n
g
to
g
o
th
r
o
u
g
h
it.
So
w
h
at
is
n
ee
d
ed
is
a
n
o
n
-
ce
n
tr
al
p
o
in
t
o
f
f
ail
u
r
e
s
y
s
te
m
to
n
o
tify
t
h
e
p
ay
ee
t
h
at
ea
r
lier
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
h
ad
n
o
t b
ee
n
s
ig
n
ed
.
W
h
at
n
ee
d
ed
is
th
e
ea
r
lie
s
t
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
t
h
e
o
n
e
t
h
at
co
u
n
ts
o
n
l
y
.
I
n
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
-
b
ased
m
o
d
el,
it
was
a
w
ar
e
o
f
all
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
a
n
d
d
ec
id
ed
w
h
ic
h
ar
r
iv
ed
f
ir
s
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
w
e
w
ill
ad
o
p
t
a
m
in
t
-
b
ased
m
o
d
el,
f
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
tr
u
s
ted
p
ar
t
y
.
T
o
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
t
h
is
,
all
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
to
all,
w
ith
a
s
i
n
g
le
o
r
d
er
ed
h
is
to
r
y
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
th
at
all
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
to
ag
r
ee
o
n
.
T
h
at
is
,
ea
ch
tr
an
s
ac
t
io
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
ta
m
p
ed
at
its
ar
r
i
v
a
l
ti
m
e
an
d
a
g
r
ee
d
b
y
m
o
s
t
o
f
n
o
d
es
it
w
a
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t.
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
in
cl
u
d
es
a
s
er
v
er
,
w
h
ic
h
w
o
r
k
s
b
y
tak
i
n
g
a
h
as
h
o
f
a
b
lo
c
k
o
f
ite
m
s
to
b
e
ti
m
esta
m
p
ed
a
n
d
w
id
el
y
p
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
th
e
h
as
h
,
l
ik
e
w
h
en
w
e
d
o
i
n
a
p
u
b
lic
a
n
n
o
u
n
ce
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
ti
m
esta
m
p
w
i
ll
p
r
o
v
e
th
a
t
t
h
e
d
ata
m
u
s
t
b
e
e
x
is
ted
at
th
e
ti
m
e,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
i
n
t
o
th
e
h
as
h
,
a
n
d
also
w
il
l
i
n
cl
u
d
e
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
t
i
m
e
s
ta
m
p
i
n
its
h
as
h
,
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
ch
ain
,
w
i
th
ea
c
h
ad
d
itio
n
al
ti
m
esta
m
p
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
t
h
e
o
n
es
b
ef
o
r
e
it a
s
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
n
b
e
lo
w
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
C
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
B
etw
ee
n
P
o
W
a
n
d
P
o
S
S
ystems
Of
C
r
yp
to
cu
r
r
e
n
cy
…
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
A
.
A
lA
h
ma
d
)
1253
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
im
esta
m
p
i
n
g
ea
c
h
b
lo
ck
in
its
h
as
h
[
4
]
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
ac
co
r
d
ti
m
e
s
ta
m
p
s
er
v
er
o
n
a
p
ee
r
-
to
-
p
ee
r
b
asis
,
Sato
s
h
i
Nak
a
m
ato
[
4
]
u
s
es
a
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
r
k
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
m
i
la
r
to
A
d
a
m
B
ac
k
's
Has
h
c
as
h
[
7
]
.
P
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
r
k
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
s
c
an
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
a
v
al
u
e
th
at
is
h
as
h
ed
w
i
th
lead
i
n
g
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
an
a
v
er
ag
e
is
r
ap
id
l
y
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ze
r
o
b
its
r
eq
u
ir
ed
an
d
ca
n
b
e
v
er
if
ied
b
y
e
x
ec
u
ti
n
g
a
s
i
n
g
le
h
as
h
.
Fo
r
Sato
s
h
ií
s
ti
m
es
ta
m
p
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
h
e/s
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
th
e
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
r
k
b
y
i
n
cr
e
m
en
t
in
g
a
n
o
n
ce
i
n
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
u
n
til
a
v
a
lu
e
is
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
g
i
v
es
th
e
b
lo
ck
's
h
a
s
h
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ze
r
o
b
its
.
On
ce
th
e
C
P
U
ef
f
o
r
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ex
p
en
d
ed
to
m
a
k
e
it
s
atis
f
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
is
u
n
a
lter
ab
le
u
n
less
r
ed
o
in
g
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
.
As
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
ch
ai
n
ed
af
ter
it,
th
u
s
to
ch
an
g
e
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
w
o
u
ld
r
eq
u
ir
e
r
ed
o
in
g
all
th
e
b
lo
ck
s
af
ter
it
as Fig
u
r
e
-
3
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
[
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
lo
ck
s
ar
e
ch
ain
ed
t
o
g
eth
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
b
lo
ck
c
h
ai
n
[
4
]
T
h
e
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
r
k
also
s
o
l
v
es
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
i
n
m
aj
o
r
it
y
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
O
n
e
-
IP
-
ad
d
r
ess
-
o
n
e
-
v
o
te
is
n
o
t
a
n
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
;
a
n
y
o
n
e
co
u
ld
allo
ca
te
m
an
y
I
P
s
.
So
,
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
r
k
is
e
s
s
e
n
tiall
y
o
n
e
-
C
P
U
-
o
n
e
-
v
o
te.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
est
c
h
ai
n
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
ity
d
e
cisi
o
n
,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
th
e
g
r
ea
test
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
r
k
ef
f
o
r
t,
in
v
e
s
ted
in
it
an
d
t
h
is
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
h
o
n
e
s
t
n
o
d
es,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tr
o
l
a
m
aj
o
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it
y
o
f
C
P
U
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
w
ill
g
r
o
w
t
h
e
f
as
test
a
n
d
o
u
tp
ac
e
a
n
y
co
m
p
etin
g
c
h
ain
s
.
I
t
w
o
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ld
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
o
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
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of
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w
o
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o
f
t
h
e
b
lo
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an
d
all
b
lo
c
k
s
af
ter
ag
ain
w
h
en
a
n
y
atte
m
p
t
to
ch
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g
e
a
co
m
p
leted
b
lo
ck
,
an
d
th
en
v
io
late
th
e
h
o
n
est
n
o
d
es.
A
lter
n
ati
v
el
y
,
to
av
o
id
an
y
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
o
v
er
r
u
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
r
k
d
if
f
ic
u
l
t
y
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
a
m
o
v
i
n
g
a
v
er
ag
e
tar
g
eti
n
g
an
av
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
p
er
h
o
u
r
.
I
f
th
e
y
'r
e
g
en
er
ated
to
o
f
ast,
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
y
in
cr
ea
s
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
m
i
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
cr
ea
te
n
e
w
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ed
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
o
n
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
.
So
to
d
ef
in
e
an
e
x
p
en
s
iv
e
co
m
p
u
t
er
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
P
o
W
is
a
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Min
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as t
w
o
r
o
les:
1.
T
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
leg
iti
m
ac
y
v
er
i
f
ic
atio
n
/av
o
id
i
n
g
d
o
u
b
le
s
p
e
n
d
in
g
.
2.
Dig
ital c
u
r
r
en
cie
s
cr
ea
tio
n
b
y
r
e
w
ar
d
in
g
m
in
er
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
w
ill h
ap
p
en
w
h
en
s
etti
n
g
a
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
:
1.
E
v
er
y
s
et
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
b
u
n
d
led
in
to
a
b
lo
ck
;
2.
Min
er
s
w
il
l v
er
i
f
y
t
h
e
le
g
iti
m
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
;
3.
T
o
d
o
s
o
,
m
i
n
er
s
w
i
ll d
ea
l
w
i
t
h
P
o
W
p
r
o
b
lem
s
;
4.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
i
n
er
w
h
o
s
o
lv
es e
a
ch
b
lo
ck
p
r
o
b
lem
s
w
ill b
e
a
w
a
r
d
ed
;
5.
T
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
w
ill b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
p
u
b
lic
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
,
w
h
e
n
ev
er
th
e
y
ar
e
v
er
i
f
ied
.
As
y
m
m
etr
y
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
y
:
(
f
o
r
ex
.
R
S
A
)
i
s
a
k
e
y
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
R
ea
s
o
n
ab
l
y
,
it
is
ea
s
y
to
ch
ec
k
f
o
r
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
h
o
w
ev
er
it
is
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
o
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
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s
id
e.
T
h
is
s
ch
e
m
e
is
also
k
n
o
w
n
as
a
C
P
U
ef
f
o
r
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Mi
n
er
s
in
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
i
ll
co
m
p
ete
to
b
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
P
o
W
,
an
d
th
is
w
o
u
ld
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
lo
t
o
f
atte
m
p
t
s
.
Ulti
m
atel
y
,
i
f
th
e
r
i
g
h
t
s
o
l
u
tio
n
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
,
an
an
n
o
u
n
ce
m
e
n
t
w
o
u
ld
b
e
m
ad
e
to
th
e
w
h
o
le
n
et
w
o
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k
i
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
b
y
t
h
e
w
in
n
er
m
i
n
er
w
h
o
w
ill
r
e
ce
iv
e
a
cr
y
p
to
c
u
r
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en
c
y
r
e
w
ar
d
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l.
T
ec
h
n
icall
y
,
m
in
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
to
h
as
h
in
g
:
i
t
d
eter
m
i
n
es
a
n
u
m
b
er
,
w
h
ic
h
is
less
th
a
n
a
g
i
v
en
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
h
ash
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
f
b
lo
ck
d
ata.
T
h
e
co
m
p
etiti
v
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
m
i
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
a
th
r
es
h
o
ld
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
W
h
en
t
h
i
s
th
i
s
p
ar
am
eter
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
av
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ag
e
n
u
m
b
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o
f
ca
lc
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lat
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s
n
ee
d
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cr
ea
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e
w
b
lo
c
k
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ill
in
cr
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e,
r
e
s
u
l
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g
i
n
i
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cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
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co
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t
o
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cr
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T
h
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w
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m
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m
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i
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p
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p
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n
g
er
y
o
u
f
ail
to
cr
ea
te
a
b
lo
ck
;
y
o
u
r
ch
a
n
ce
o
f
s
u
cc
e
s
s
w
ill
g
o
u
p
.
Min
er
s
ca
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e
x
p
ec
t
to
cr
ea
te
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lo
ck
s
m
o
r
e
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
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ed
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ci
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g
t
h
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ce
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s
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g
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eq
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i
v
ale
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t o
f
ce
n
t
r
alize
d
m
in
i
n
g
p
o
o
ls
[
9
]
.
E
th
er
u
e
m
i
s
th
e
o
th
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
o
f
P
o
w
er
o
f
Stak
e,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
d
esig
n
ed
b
y
Vitali
k
B
u
ter
in
a
n
d
in
te
n
d
ed
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
s
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
s
y
s
te
m
in
ter
m
s
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
g
s
u
c
h
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n
ter
n
et
an
d
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
.
A
ll
s
y
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te
m
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
is
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t
h
er
u
e
m
f
u
n
ct
io
n
alit
y
ar
en
’
t
f
r
ee
.
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,
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
th
at
n
ee
d
to
r
u
n
a
n
ap
p
licati
o
n
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
h
a
v
e
to
p
ay
f
o
r
u
n
iq
u
e
p
iece
o
f
co
d
e.
E
th
er
u
e
m
clas
s
i
f
ied
as
a
d
i
g
ital
ca
r
r
ier
.
I
t
is
w
e
ll
k
n
o
w
n
t
h
at
ca
s
h
d
o
es
d
ir
ec
t
tr
an
s
a
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
p
ar
ties
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
th
ir
d
p
a
r
t
y
,
s
o
d
o
es
E
t
h
er
u
e
m
.
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h
e
E
th
er
u
e
m
h
as
s
o
m
e
g
o
o
d
f
ea
tu
r
s
th
at
m
a
k
es
it
an
a
ttra
ctiv
e
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
c
y
P
o
S
s
y
s
te
m
:
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
;
in
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
id
e,
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
a
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
is
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
it
to
o
th
er
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
cr
y
p
to
c
u
r
r
en
c
y
w
o
r
ld
,
its
ca
p
ital
ass
e
ts
is
s
o
lid
a
n
d
co
n
s
o
lid
ated
w
ith
2
1
m
illi
o
n
b
it
co
in
s
,
i
t
h
as
g
o
o
d
an
n
o
u
n
ce
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
(
u
s
er
s
in
a
2
0
1
4
cr
o
w
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
ca
m
p
ai
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n
p
u
r
ch
a
s
ed
6
0
m
)
,
g
o
o
d
r
esear
ch
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an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
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h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
ar
e
s
o
m
e
s
tati
s
tical
d
ata
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
&
s
er
v
ice
s
b
y
E
th
er
e
u
m
s
y
s
te
m
:
Fi
v
e
E
th
er
eu
m
(
E
T
H)
ar
e
allo
tted
to
th
e
m
i
n
er
s
th
at
v
er
i
f
y
tr
an
s
ac
tio
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s
o
n
t
h
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n
et
w
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r
k
e
v
er
y
1
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
E
v
er
y
y
ea
r
,
1
8
m
E
th
er
e
u
m
ar
e
m
i
n
e
d
at
m
o
s
t.
Fiv
e
E
t
h
er
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
e
v
er
y
1
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
w
h
e
n
e
v
er
a
m
i
n
er
d
is
co
v
er
s
a
b
lo
ck
,
o
r
a
b
u
n
d
le
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
So
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
s
ta
tis
t
ical
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
it i
s
o
b
v
io
u
s
t
h
at
n
o
o
n
e
k
n
o
w
s
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
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o
f
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th
er
e
u
m
y
e
t,
an
d
t
h
e
p
ac
e
o
f
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t
h
er
eu
m
cr
ea
tio
n
w
ill
b
e
less
clea
r
a
f
ter
2
0
1
7
w
h
en
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t
h
er
e
u
m
p
la
n
s
t
o
m
o
v
e
to
a
n
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p
r
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o
f
-
of
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t
ak
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ar
m
o
n
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g
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r
ith
m
.
C
o
n
s
eq
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en
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t
h
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s
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ill
p
r
o
b
a
b
ly
lead
to
a
ch
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n
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e
r
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les o
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th
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e
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m
cr
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tio
n
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d
th
u
s
t
h
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m
i
n
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s
u
b
s
id
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i
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t d
ec
r
ea
s
e
[
1
0
]
.
2
.
3
Co
m
pa
riso
n bet
w
ee
n P
O
W
a
nd
P
O
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W
h
ile
t
h
er
e
ar
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co
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t
less
asp
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to
t
h
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s
d
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i
n
m
y
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w
,
it
al
l
b
o
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d
o
w
n
to
t
w
o
t
h
in
g
s
:
s
ec
u
r
it
y
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ics.
C
o
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ce
p
tu
a
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ag
r
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lab
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ter
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&
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(
i.e
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s
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w
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t?
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h
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ab
o
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m
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to
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ls
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th
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Ho
w
attr
ac
ti
v
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l
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m
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v
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s
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B
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in
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s
e
s
to
ac
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v
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co
n
s
en
s
u
s
.
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m
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ed
to
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d
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s
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ea
r
to
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h
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in
f
l
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n
r
ate.
I
t
is
tr
u
e
th
at
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e
i
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f
latio
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ate
w
i
ll
d
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r
ea
s
e
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v
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tim
e,
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d
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itco
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cc
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d
s
,
t
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w
il
l
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r
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o
m
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m
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ed
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m
s
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s
s
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c
h
a
s
w
ar
s
,
n
at
u
r
al
d
is
a
s
ter
s
,
p
o
liti
ca
l
co
n
f
lic
ts
,
etc.
B
u
t
th
i
s
o
n
l
y
g
i
v
e
s
r
is
e
to
an
o
t
h
er
q
u
esti
o
n
:
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ill
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
m
i
n
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n
g
r
e
w
ar
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
s
ec
u
r
it
y
?
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
o
b
lem
is
t
h
at
m
i
n
in
g
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
t
h
at
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ar
e
n
o
t
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
o
f
B
itco
in
it
s
el
f
.
J
u
s
t
i
m
ag
in
e
t
h
at,
d
u
e
to
s
o
m
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
b
r
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
,
o
n
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
is
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
A
SI
C
S
(
A
p
p
licatio
n
Sp
ec
if
ic
I
n
teg
r
ated
C
ir
cu
it
s
)
at
o
n
e
-
te
n
th
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
ir
co
m
p
etito
r
s
.
W
o
u
ld
n
'
t
t
h
i
s
p
r
ese
n
t
a
h
u
g
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
r
is
k
f
o
r
B
itco
i
n
?
P
o
S
aim
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
t
h
ese
i
s
s
u
es
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
o
n
B
itco
in
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
co
i
n
s
th
e
m
s
e
lv
e
s
,
in
s
tead
o
f
h
a
s
h
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
as
th
e
s
ca
r
ce
r
eso
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r
ce
to
ac
h
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e
co
n
s
e
n
s
u
s
.
W
it
h
P
o
W
,
an
attac
k
er
h
as
to
eit
h
er
p
u
r
ch
ase
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ts
o
f
h
as
h
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
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o
r
at
least
o
b
tai
n
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
it
;
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
b
y
b
r
ib
in
g
m
i
n
i
n
g
p
o
o
l
o
p
er
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
P
o
S
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
o
f
B
itco
in
’
s
5
1
%
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
r
e
g
ar
d
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
T
h
at
is
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
ec
u
r
e
d
w
h
e
n
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
5
1
%
a
n
d
ab
o
v
e
o
f
g
o
o
d
n
o
d
es
tak
es
o
v
er
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
i
n
in
g
p
o
w
er
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
is
is
a
ch
iev
ed
,
th
i
s
w
ill
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
s
t
ak
e
m
ig
h
t
b
e
h
i
g
h
er
th
an
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
ac
q
u
ir
i
n
g
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
m
i
n
in
g
p
o
w
er
,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
r
esu
lt
i
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
attac
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
u
c
h
h
ig
h
er
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
attac
k
er
’
s
co
in
a
g
e
is
co
n
s
u
m
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
attac
k
,
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
r
en
d
er
it
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
f
o
r
th
e
attac
k
er
to
co
n
ti
n
u
e
p
r
ev
e
n
ti
n
g
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
m
in
in
g
p
o
w
er
.
So
an
y
atte
m
p
t
o
f
attac
k
w
o
u
ld
d
r
iv
e
u
p
t
h
e
p
r
ice
d
r
am
atica
l
l
y
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
i
t
p
r
o
h
ib
itiv
e.
I
m
ag
i
n
e
w
h
at
wo
u
ld
h
ap
p
en
to
t
h
e
B
itco
in
p
r
ice
if
s
o
m
eo
n
e
tr
ied
to
b
u
y
7
m
illi
o
n
co
in
s
.
T
h
er
e
is
als
o
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
to
P
o
S.
T
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
f
ee
s
a
n
d
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
lo
ck
r
ew
ar
d
ca
n
b
e
p
aid
to
th
e
co
in
h
o
ld
er
s
s
o
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
m
o
n
etar
y
d
il
u
tio
n
.
No
m
o
n
e
y
h
as
to
f
lo
w
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
to
b
u
y
e
x
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
t
h
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
an
d
th
at
co
u
ld
b
e
g
r
ea
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ice
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
c
y
[
1
1
]
.
T
a
b
le
1
b
elo
w
co
m
p
ar
es
t
h
e
P
o
W
an
d
P
o
S
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t to
th
eir
m
ai
n
f
u
n
c
tio
n
alit
y
.
3.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
L
atel
y
,
P
o
W
an
d
P
o
S
s
y
s
te
m
s
attr
ac
ted
s
o
m
a
n
y
p
eo
p
le
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
g
lo
b
e.
E
v
er
y
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
P
o
W
an
d
P
o
S
h
as
its
o
w
n
co
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
s
.
I
n
m
y
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
ie
w
,
th
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l
id
ea
b
eh
in
d
Sato
s
h
i
Nak
a
m
o
to
in
v
e
n
tio
n
is
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
w
h
ic
h
eli
m
i
n
ates
b
an
k
s
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
s
r
o
le
an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
eir
c
lie
n
ts
.
P
o
W
an
d
P
o
S
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
p
ee
r
to
p
ee
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
n
o
t
h
ir
d
p
ar
t
y
in
b
et
w
ee
n
.
T
ab
le1
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
ca
r
y
f
ac
t
t
h
at
m
ig
h
t
b
ec
o
m
e
r
ea
l,
s
in
ce
P
o
W
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
is
g
r
o
w
in
g
v
er
y
f
ast,
its
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
i
g
h
t
b
ec
o
m
e
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
o
n
e
s
in
ce
o
n
e
o
r
tw
o
p
eo
p
le
m
i
g
h
t
o
w
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
in
s
,
f
o
r
ex
,
b
an
k
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
P
o
S
s
y
s
te
m
h
a
s
a
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
d
esp
ite
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
i
n
er
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Na
ra
y
a
n
a
n
,
A
rv
in
d
;
Bo
n
n
e
a
u
,
J
o
se
p
h
;
F
e
lt
e
n
,
E
d
w
a
rd
;
M
il
ler,
A
n
d
re
w
;
G
o
ld
fe
d
e
r,
S
tev
e
n
(2
0
1
6
).
B
it
c
o
i
n
a
n
d
c
r
y
p
to
c
u
rre
n
c
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
:
a
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
in
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
.
P
rin
c
e
to
n
:
P
ri
n
c
e
to
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
P
re
ss
.
IS
BN
9
7
8
-
0
-
691
-
1
7
1
6
9
-
2
.
G
.
Be
rto
n
i,
J.
Da
e
m
e
n
,
M
.
P
e
e
ters
,
a
n
d
[2
]
Ja
k
o
b
ss
o
n
,
M
a
r
k
u
s;
Ju
e
ls,
A
ri
(1
9
9
9
).
"
P
ro
o
f
s
o
f
W
o
rk
a
n
d
Bre
a
d
P
u
d
d
in
g
P
ro
to
c
o
ls"
.
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia S
e
c
u
rit
y
.
Klu
w
e
r
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic P
u
b
l
ish
e
rs:
2
5
8
–
2
7
2
.
[3
]
Dw
o
rk
,
C
y
n
th
ia;
Na
o
r,
M
o
n
i
(1
9
9
3
).
"
P
ricin
g
v
ia P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
Or,
Co
m
b
a
tt
in
g
Ju
n
k
M
a
il
,
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
Cry
p
to
lo
g
y
"
.
CRY
PT
O’9
2
:
L
e
c
tu
re
N
o
tes
in
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
No
.
7
4
0
.
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r:
1
3
9
–
1
4
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
1
2
5
1
–
1
2
5
6
1256
[4
]
Na
k
a
m
o
to
,
S
.
(2
0
0
8
).
B
it
c
o
i
n
:
A
p
e
e
r
-
to
-
p
e
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ic ca
sh
sy
ste
m
.
[5
]
G
rin
b
e
rg
,
R.
(2
0
1
2
).
Bit
c
o
i
n
:
A
n
in
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
d
ig
it
a
l
c
u
rre
n
c
y
.
Ha
stin
g
s S
c
i.
&
T
e
c
h
.
L
J,
4
,
1
5
9
.
[6
]
Bl
o
c
k
g
e
e
k
s,
b
lo
c
k
g
e
e
k
s.co
m
/g
u
id
e
s/p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
rk
-
vs
-
p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
sta
k
e
/.
[7
]
A
.
Ba
c
k
,
"
Ha
sh
c
a
sh
-
a
d
e
n
ial
o
f
se
rv
ice
c
o
u
n
ter
-
m
e
a
su
re
,
"
h
tt
p
:/
/
ww
w
.
h
a
sh
c
a
sh
.
o
rg
/p
a
p
e
rs/h
a
sh
c
a
sh
.
p
d
f
,
2
0
0
2
.
[8
]
Kin
g
,
S
.
(
2
0
1
3
)
.
P
rim
e
c
o
in
:
Cry
p
to
c
u
rre
n
c
y
w
it
h
p
rim
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
rk
.
Ju
l
y
7
th
.
[9
]
Bu
terin
,
V
it
a
li
k
,
“
W
h
a
t
P
ro
o
f
o
f
S
tak
e
Is
A
n
d
W
h
y
It
M
a
tt
e
rs.”
Bi
tco
in
M
a
g
a
zi
n
e
,
Bi
tco
i
n
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
2
6
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
3
,
b
it
c
o
in
m
a
g
a
z
in
e
.
c
o
m
/articl
e
s/w
h
a
t
-
p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
sta
k
e
-
is
-
a
n
d
-
w
h
y
-
it
-
m
a
tt
e
rs
-
1
3
7
7
5
3
1
4
6
3
/.
[1
0
]
A
l
y
ss
a
He
rti
g
.
“
W
h
a
t
Is
Et
h
e
r?
”
Co
in
De
sk
,
2
1
A
p
r.
2
0
1
7
,
w
ww
.
c
o
in
d
e
sk
.
c
o
m
/i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
/w
h
a
t
-
is
-
e
th
e
r
-
e
th
e
re
u
m
-
c
r
y
p
to
c
u
rre
n
c
y
/.
[1
1
]
Cra
n
e
,
F
a
b
ian
Br
ian
.
“
P
r
o
o
f
o
f
W
o
rk
,
P
ro
o
f
o
f
S
tak
e
a
n
d
th
e
C
o
n
se
n
su
s
De
b
a
te.”
C
o
in
tele
g
r
a
p
h
,
2
0
De
c
.
2
0
1
4
,
c
o
in
tele
g
ra
p
h
.
c
o
m
/n
e
w
s/p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
rk
-
p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
sta
k
e
-
a
n
d
-
th
e
-
c
o
n
se
n
su
s
-
d
e
b
a
te.
[1
2
]
A
lah
m
a
d
,
M
.
A
.
,
I.
A
l
-
sh
a
ik
h
li
,
e
t
a
l.
(2
0
1
3
).
“
Jo
u
x
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8
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lam
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a
la
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f
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sh
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e
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a
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it
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m
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r
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sh
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b
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p
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b
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th
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r
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p
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d
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c
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ti
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a
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d
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ra
in
in
g
–
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A
A
E
T
,
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w
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i
t
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tate
in
2
0
1
6
.
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is
a
M
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
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stu
d
e
n
t,
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o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
–
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ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
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m
ic
Un
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o
f
M
a
la
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a
n
d
w
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in
g
f
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r
Ba
n
k
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u
b
y
a
n
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w
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it
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s
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.
S
e
rv
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sk
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g
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b
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in
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r
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p
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d
h
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s
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sh
e
d
p
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p
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o
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r
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p
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ra
p
h
y
to
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.
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a
h
a
d
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b
d
u
laz
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lM
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so
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d
re
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d
h
is
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a
c
h
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lo
r
d
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g
re
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m
p
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ter E
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ri
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f
ro
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f
th
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p
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c
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ic i
n
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to
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k
to
n
,
CA
,
USA
1
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,
h
is
M
a
ste
r
in
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m
p
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ter E
n
g
in
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ro
m
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w
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it
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in
Ku
w
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it
in
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9
9
,
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n
d
h
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is
c
u
rre
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tl
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h
D ca
n
d
id
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p
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ter sc
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ro
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tern
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l
Isla
m
ic Un
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r
sity
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a
la
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(IIUM
)
in
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0
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.
Hi
s res
e
a
rc
h
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re
a
is
in
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m
a
ti
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se
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n
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ry
p
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r
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ra
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rit
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m
s an
d
p
r
o
to
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o
ls.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
in
tere
ste
d
re
se
a
rc
h
to
p
ics
a
re
a
n
a
l
y
sis o
f
rli
a
b
le m
u
lt
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s
t
p
ro
to
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ls,
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
ls.
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