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th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
Mo
s
t
o
f
R
FID
an
ten
n
as
w
er
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
at
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
s
,
L
o
w
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
Hi
g
h
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
,
Ultr
a
Hig
h
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
,
an
d
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e.
E
ac
h
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
s
h
as
th
eir
o
w
n
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
u
r
g
e
o
f
m
u
ltib
an
d
R
FID
a
n
ten
n
as
is
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
v
iv
id
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
lt,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
p
ap
er
s
w
er
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
a
m
u
ltib
an
d
an
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
R
FID
ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
h
ich
w
a
s
ap
p
licab
le
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
[
9
]
.
Du
e
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
o
r
l
d
w
id
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
s
h
a
v
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
Fo
r
a
n
e
x
a
m
p
le
is
UH
F
-
R
FID
ap
p
licatio
n
,
E
u
r
o
p
e
o
p
er
ates
at
8
5
5
-
8
6
9
MH
Z
,
US
at
9
0
2
-
9
2
8
MH
z
an
d
J
ap
an
9
5
0
-
9
2
8
MH
z
[
1
0
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
I
SM
-
R
FID
o
p
er
ates
at
2
.
4
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
a
s
i
m
p
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
o
p
er
atin
g
as
s
in
g
le
b
a
n
d
f
o
r
GP
S
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
d
u
al
b
an
d
,
U
HF
an
d
I
SM
b
an
d
s
f
o
r
R
FID
ap
p
licatio
n
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
C
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
e
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
s
a
r
ad
iati
n
g
ele
m
e
n
t
is
lo
ad
ed
w
it
h
a
b
asic
d
ip
o
le
an
ten
n
a
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
d
u
a
l
b
an
d
an
te
n
n
a
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
an
t
en
n
a
i
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
ed
an
d
test
e
d
f
o
r
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
as
w
el
l
as
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
b
o
th
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t is p
r
ese
n
te
d
in
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t sec
tio
n
s
.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
o
n
a
Fire
R
etar
d
an
t
-
4
b
o
ar
d
(
FR
4
)
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
1
2
0
x
6
0
mm
2
i
n
s
ize
w
h
ich
h
a
s
a
r
elati
v
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
ε
r
=
4
.
7
w
it
h
ta
n
g
e
n
t
lo
s
s
o
f
0
.
0
1
9
a
n
d
it
h
as
a
1
.
6
m
m
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
t
h
ic
k
n
ess
an
d
a
0
.
0
3
5
m
m
co
p
p
er
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
.
A
p
lan
ar
d
ip
o
le
an
ten
n
a
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
as
th
e
b
a
s
ic
an
ten
n
a
r
eso
n
ati
n
g
a
s
s
i
n
g
le
b
an
d
w
h
en
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
OFF
s
ta
te.
T
h
e
C
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
es
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
s
a
r
ad
iatin
g
ele
m
e
n
t
is
lo
ad
ed
w
it
h
a
b
asic
d
ip
o
le
an
te
n
n
a
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
ME
MS
s
w
itc
h
es
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
d
u
al
b
an
d
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
u
s
es a
s
in
g
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
a
n
d
n
o
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
w
1
,
w
2
,
w
3
an
d
w
4
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
eso
n
an
t,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
an
d
cir
c
u
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
f
o
r
GP
S
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
w
h
ic
h
is
1
.
2
7
GHz
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
es
o
f
w
1
d
o
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
e
s
o
n
an
ce
,
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
b
u
t
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
a
x
ial
r
atio
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
s
lo
t
g
5
an
d
g
6
ar
e
u
n
eq
u
al
b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
s
p
ac
e
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
b
iasi
n
g
th
e
ME
MS
s
w
itc
h
es.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t slo
tted
d
o
es n
o
t c
h
a
n
g
e
th
e
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
an
d
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
.
2
.1
.
Sin
g
le
B
a
nd
Ant
enna
f
o
r
G
P
S
Ap
pli
ca
t
io
ns
T
h
e
p
lan
ar
d
ip
o
le
an
ten
n
a
i
s
a
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile
as
it
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
o
n
p
r
in
ted
cir
c
u
it
b
o
ar
d
an
d
also
ea
s
il
y
in
te
g
r
ated
d
ir
ec
tly
to
th
e
R
F
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
ar
m
len
g
t
h
o
f
d
ip
o
le
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
al
u
e.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
ch
allen
g
es
i
n
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
a
d
ip
o
le
an
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
cir
cu
la
r
p
o
lar
izati
o
n
.
GP
S
u
s
e
cir
cu
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
an
te
n
n
a
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
m
o
r
e
to
ler
en
t
w
it
h
p
h
y
s
ical
o
r
ien
tatio
n
m
is
m
atc
h
es.
A
l
s
o
C
P
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
o
r
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
m
u
lt
ip
ath
ef
f
ec
t
s
an
d
f
lex
ib
il
it
y
in
th
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
an
g
le
b
et
w
ee
n
a
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
a
r
ec
eiv
er
[
1
1
]
.
As
y
m
etr
ical
d
ip
o
le
also
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
t
h
e
C
P
r
esu
lt.
[
1
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
air
o
f
u
n
eq
u
al
ar
m
with
a
s
m
all
g
ap
w
h
ic
h
is
f
ed
b
y
a
n
L
-
s
h
a
p
ed
m
icr
o
tr
ip
f
ee
d
lin
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
v
ia
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
s
u
r
f
ac
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
h
av
e
a
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
h
ase
f
o
r
cir
cu
lar
.
A
s
y
m
etr
ical
cr
o
s
s
ed
d
ip
o
l
e
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
1
3
]
b
y
ar
r
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
u
n
eq
u
al
len
t
g
h
f
o
r
ar
m
s
,
th
e
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
C
P
r
ad
iatio
n
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
,
le
n
g
th
w
4
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ar
m
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
d
ip
o
le
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
la
ted
.
T
h
is
is
p
r
o
v
e
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t is s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
alo
n
g
w
2
an
d
w
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
u
r
r
en
t d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
w
it
h
o
u
t C
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
es a
t 1
.
2
7
7
5
GHz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
Ma
y
,
201
8
:
6
7
2
–
6
7
9
674
2
.2
.
Dua
l
B
a
nd
Ant
enna
f
o
r
RF
I
D
App
lica
t
io
ns
T
h
e
f
o
ld
ed
d
ip
o
le
an
ten
n
a
lo
ad
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
C
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
o
f
C
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
is
i
n
s
p
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
es
ig
n
e
x
i
s
tan
ce
o
f
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
an
te
n
n
a.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
C
-
s
h
ap
ed
lo
ad
ed
w
it
h
ar
m
len
g
th
o
f
d
ip
o
le,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
e
x
ac
tl
y
lik
e
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
at
ce
n
t
er
f
ed
.
T
o
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
o
f
d
u
a
l
b
an
d
o
f
R
FID
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
cir
cu
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
an
d
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
d
esig
n
h
as
t
h
at
ab
il
it
y
.
A
s
d
ip
o
le
lo
ad
ed
w
ith
C
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a,
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
i
s
s
tu
d
ied
.
T
y
p
i
ca
ll
y
,
th
e
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
w
a
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
liter
at
u
r
e
f
o
r
d
u
al
r
eso
n
an
ce
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
5
]
an
d
w
id
eb
an
d
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
7
]
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
lo
t d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
th
at
w
as i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
p
atc
h
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
e
s
ar
e
ON
s
tate,
th
e
C
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
a
tch
es
ar
e
in
te
g
r
ated
w
ith
t
h
e
f
o
ld
ed
d
ip
o
le.
T
h
u
s
,
b
o
th
r
ad
iatin
g
ele
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
ass
u
m
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
d
u
al
b
an
d
.
B
y
n
o
t
ch
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
o
f
f
o
ld
ed
d
ip
o
le,
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
a
,
b
,
c
an
d
d
ar
e
v
ar
ied
to
o
p
tim
ize
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.
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I
SS
N
:
2
5
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4752
I
n
d
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J
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RE
F
E
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NC
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S
[1
]
Am
m
a
r
A
lh
e
g
a
z
i,
Zah
ril
a
d
h
a
Zak
a
ria,
No
o
r
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w
a
n
S
h
a
iri
,
T
o
le
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
S
h
a
rif
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
U
W
B
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il
ten
n
a
w
it
h
El
e
c
tro
n
ica
ll
y
Re
c
o
n
f
i
g
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ra
b
le
Ba
n
d
No
tch
u
si
n
g
De
f
e
c
ted
M
icro
strip
S
tr
u
c
tu
re
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
IJ
E
E
CS
)
,
v
o
l
8
,
No
2
:
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
W
u
L
iu
,
.
-
L
.
,
Ch
e
n
,
T
.
-
R.
,
Ch
e
n
,
S
.
-
H.
&
Ro
w
,
J.
-
S
.
.
,
“
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
m
icro
strip
a
n
ten
n
a
with
p
a
tt
e
rn
a
n
d
p
o
larisa
ti
o
n
d
iv
e
rsiti
e
s,”
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
.
v
o
l.
43
(2
)
,
p
p
.
7
7
-
7
8
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
M
a
k
,
A
.
C.
K.,
C.
R.
Ro
w
e
ll
,
R.
D.
M
u
rc
h
,
&
Ch
i
-
L
u
n
M
a
k
,
“
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
M
u
lt
i
b
a
n
d
A
n
ten
n
a
De
sig
n
s
f
o
r
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
De
v
ic
e
s,”
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pr
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
55
(7
)
,
p
p
.
1
9
1
9
-
1
9
2
8
,
2
0
0
7
.
[4
]
Yo
u
n
-
Kw
o
n
J
u
n
g
&
L
e
e
,
B.
,
“
Du
a
l
-
Ba
n
d
Circu
larly
P
o
lari
z
e
d
M
icro
strip
RF
ID
Re
a
d
e
r
A
n
ten
n
a
Us
in
g
M
e
tam
a
teria
l
Bra
n
c
h
-
L
in
e
Co
u
p
ler,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pr
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
60
(
2
),
p
p
.
7
8
6
-
7
9
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
Ch
u
n
Ni,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
P
o
lariz
a
ti
o
n
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
A
n
ten
n
a
Ba
se
d
o
n
th
e
P
o
lariz
a
ti
o
n
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
M
e
tas
u
rf
a
c
e
,
"
in
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
P
P
(
9
9
)
p
p
.
1
-
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
O
m
a
r
El
M
a
lek
y
,
F
a
rid
Be
n
A
b
d
e
lo
u
a
h
a
b
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
Essa
a
id
i,
Na
sri
A
b
d
e
lfata
h
,
“
M
in
iat
u
re
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
T
-
S
h
a
p
e
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
S
-
Ba
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l
7
,
n
o
5
:
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
Zh
u
A
n
sh
i,
Ch
e
n
Zi
li
,
W
e
i
Ji
a
n
b
in
,
Zh
e
n
Yu
n
h
u
i
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
n
P
a
tt
e
rn
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
P
las
m
a
An
ten
n
a
Ex
c
it
e
d
b
y
S
u
rfa
c
e
Wav
e
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
IJ
E
E
CS
),
v
o
l
1
2
,
n
o
9
:
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
A
rra
u
z
a
h
Ra
z
a
k
,
M
.
K.
A
.
Ra
h
im
,
H.
A
.
M
a
ji
d
,
N.
A
.
M
u
ra
d
,
“
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
Ep
silo
n
Ne
g
a
ti
v
e
M
e
tam
a
teria
l
A
n
ten
n
a
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
V
o
l
7
,
N
o
3
:
2
0
1
7
[9
]
Yo
n
g
q
ian
g
Ch
e
n
,
G
u
o
Hu
i
p
in
g
,
Ya
n
g
X
in
m
i,
&
L
iu
X
u
e
g
u
a
n
,
“
A
lo
w
-
p
r
o
fi
le
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
RF
ID
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
c
o
mb
i
n
e
d
wit
h
sile
n
c
e
e
lem
e
n
t
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
A
n
ten
n
a
s
&
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
6
-
1
1
4
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
V
e
rm
a
S
.
&
P
.
K
u
m
a
r,
“
Du
a
l
-
Ba
n
d
UH
F
-
RF
ID
T
a
g
s
Ba
se
d
o
n
M
e
a
n
d
e
r
-
L
in
e
A
n
ten
n
a
s
L
o
a
d
e
d
w
it
h
S
p
iral
Re
so
n
a
to
rs,”
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
W
ire
les
s P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
10
,
p
p
.
7
6
8
-
7
7
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
A
rn
ieri,
E.
,
Bo
c
c
ia,
L
.
,
Am
e
n
d
o
la,
G
.
&
Di
M
a
ss
a
,
G
.
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
c
t
Hi
g
h
G
a
in
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
S
m
a
ll
S
a
telli
te
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
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n
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.
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.
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