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o
r
co
r
r
ec
tin
g
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
q
u
alit
y
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
-
d
u
ce
s
i
m
a
g
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
W
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
n
e
w
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
m
etr
ic
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
n
t
h
e
b
as
is
o
f
q
u
a
li
t
y
,
f
ea
t
u
r
in
g
,
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
ar
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
a.
T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
e
n
s
u
r
ed
b
y
i
m
ag
e
q
u
alit
y
as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
(
I
QA
)
.
T
h
is
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
d
etail
f
o
r
t
w
o
ca
te
g
o
r
ies:
p
ix
el
b
ased
an
d
h
u
m
an
v
i
s
u
al
s
y
s
te
m
(
HVS)
b
as
ed
I
QA
.
b.
A
f
ast p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ti
m
e
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
: M
F a
n
d
A
MF.
c.
A
n
e
w
e
v
al
u
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
ex
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
ize
w
i
th
s
tatic
i
m
ag
e
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sec
tio
n
2
.
b
r
i
ef
l
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
t
w
o
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
i
lter
s
a
n
d
ev
alu
a
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
ti
co
m
p
ar
e
w
i
th
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
I
n
Sec
tio
n
3
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
tep
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
:
er
r
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
,
th
r
esh
o
ld
d
ec
is
io
n
,
an
d
n
o
i
s
e
m
iti
g
atio
n
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
a
n
e
w
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
e
x
p
lain
ed
.
C
o
m
p
u
ta
-
tio
n
ti
m
e
an
d
f
ea
t
u
r
in
g
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
co
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
th
e
s
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
Sec
tio
n
4
.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
2
.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
2
.
1
.
F
ilte
ring
a
lg
o
rit
hm
As
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
,
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
ilter
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
to
r
ec
o
v
e
r
i
m
a
g
es
f
r
o
m
i
m
p
u
ls
e
n
o
is
e.
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
t
w
o
f
ilter
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
t
h
ei
r
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
an
d
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es i
n
d
etail.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
f
ilter
(
MF)
is
a
s
i
m
p
le
lin
ea
r
f
i
lter
th
at
is
a
n
ea
s
y
an
d
in
tu
i
tiv
e
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
i
m
a
g
es.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
t
h
e
M
F
i
s
to
r
ep
lace
ea
ch
p
i
x
el
i
n
te
n
s
i
t
y
v
a
lu
e
i
n
a
n
i
m
a
g
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
m
ea
n
o
f
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
p
ix
e
ls
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
ar
iatio
n
i
n
th
e
i
n
te
n
s
i
t
y
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
ix
els;
h
o
w
ev
er
,
a
s
i
n
g
le
p
ix
el
w
it
h
a
v
er
y
u
n
t
y
p
ical
v
alu
e
ca
n
af
f
ec
t th
e
m
ea
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
.
T
h
e
m
ed
ia
n
f
i
lter
is
a
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
f
ilter
th
at
i
s
also
ca
lled
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
ed
ian
f
i
lter
(
SM
F).
I
t
is
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
to
r
e
m
o
v
e
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
n
o
is
e.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
ce
n
ter
p
ix
e
l
is
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
th
e
m
ed
ia
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
p
i
x
els
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
.
T
h
e
SMF
i
s
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
at
lo
w
n
o
i
s
es,
b
u
t
it
ca
n
n
o
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiate
b
et
w
ee
n
co
r
r
u
p
ted
an
d
n
o
n
-
co
r
r
u
p
ted
p
ix
el
s
.
T
h
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
ed
ia
n
f
ilter
(
A
M
F)
is
d
es
ig
n
ed
to
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
is
s
u
e
t
h
at
SMF
f
ac
es.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
th
e
f
il
ter
s
is
t
h
at
A
MF
h
as
a
v
ar
iab
le
w
in
d
o
w
s
ize
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
ea
ch
c
en
ter
p
ix
el
a
n
d
it
lev
er
ag
e
s
th
e
ce
n
ter
p
ix
el
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
A
MF
h
as
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
b
r
o
a
d
ly
a
s
an
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
M
F b
ec
au
s
e
it c
a
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as e
x
ce
s
s
i
v
e
th
i
n
n
i
n
g
o
r
th
ic
k
e
n
i
n
g
o
f
o
b
j
ec
t e
d
g
es.
2
.
2
.
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n t
ec
hn
iqu
es
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
s
,
I
QA
i
s
ex
p
lo
ited
,
an
d
it
is
b
r
o
ad
ly
cla
s
s
i
f
ied
in
to
t
w
o
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
p
i
x
el
b
ased
an
d
HVS
b
ased
.
Fo
r
p
ix
el
b
ased
I
QA
,
th
e
p
ea
k
s
i
g
n
a
l
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
P
SNR
)
a
n
d
w
ei
g
h
ted
P
SNR
ar
e
t
w
o
r
ep
r
esen
tat
iv
e
I
Q
A
m
o
d
els
t
h
at
a
r
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
i
n
d
B
.
Fo
r
H
SV
b
ased
I
Q
A
,
m
u
lti
-
s
ca
le
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
(
M
S
-
S
SIM
)
,
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
q
u
alit
y
in
d
ex
(
UQI
)
,
an
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
i
m
il
ar
it
y
(
F
SIM
)
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
im
a
g
e
q
u
alit
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
h
u
m
an
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
.
I
t
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
u
n
it
v
alu
e
w
h
ile
m
a
k
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
t
h
e
v
ie
w
o
f
I
Q
A
.
T
h
e
P
SNR
is
th
e
r
atio
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
r
ig
i
n
al
p
o
w
er
an
d
co
r
r
u
p
tin
g
n
o
is
e
p
o
w
er
,
an
d
it
o
p
er
ates
d
ir
ec
tly
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
ten
s
it
y
o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e.
T
h
e
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
P
SNR
is
u
s
u
all
y
ap
p
lied
t
o
a
s
in
g
le
c
h
an
n
el.
W
P
SNR
is
a
n
e
x
te
n
d
ed
v
er
s
i
o
n
o
f
P
SNR
to
co
p
e
w
ith
t
h
e
li
m
i
tatio
n
o
f
h
a
v
i
n
g
m
u
l
tip
le
w
eig
h
ti
n
g
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
ese
w
ei
g
h
t c
o
ef
f
icie
n
ts
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
f
o
r
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t c
o
lo
r
ch
an
n
e
ls
[
1
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Mo
d
ified
pi
x
els
b
a
s
ed
F
a
s
t
Med
ia
n
F
ilter
in
I
mp
u
ls
e
N
o
is
e
E
n
viro
n
men
ts
(
Ma
n
Hee
Lee
)
733
Fig
u
r
e
1.
S
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
of
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
pi
x
el
s
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
q
u
ali
t
y
of
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
s
,
I
Q
A
is
e
x
p
lo
ited
,
an
d
it
is
b
r
o
ad
ly
cla
s
s
i
f
ied
in
to
t
w
o
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
pi
x
el
b
ased
an
d
HVS
b
ased
.
F
or
pi
x
el
b
ased
I
QA
,
t
h
e
p
ea
k
s
i
g
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
P
SNR
)
an
d
w
ei
g
h
ted
P
SN
R
ar
e
t
w
o
r
ep
r
esen
tat
i
v
e
I
Q
A
m
o
d
els
t
h
at
a
r
e
e
x
p
r
es
s
ed
in
d
B
.
F
o
r
H
SV
b
ased
I
QA
,
m
u
lti
-
s
ca
le
st
r
u
ct
u
r
al
s
i
m
ila
r
it
y
(
M
S
-
S
SIM
)
,
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
q
u
alit
y
i
n
d
e
x
(
UQI
)
,
an
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
i
m
il
a
r
it
y
(
FS
I
M)
h
a
v
e
pr
o
v
id
ed
im
a
g
e
q
u
alit
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
h
u
m
a
n
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
.
It
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
a
m
a
x
i
m
um
u
n
it
v
alu
e
w
h
i
le
m
a
k
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
tio
n
s
in
t
h
e
vi
e
w
of
I
Q
A
.
T
h
e
P
SNR
is
t
h
e
r
atio
b
et
w
e
en
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
um
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
p
o
w
er
an
d
co
r
r
u
p
tin
g
n
o
is
e
p
o
w
e
r
,
an
d
it
ope
r
ates
d
ir
ec
tly
on
t
h
e
i
n
te
n
s
it
y
of
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
.
T
h
e
w
e
l
l
-
kn
o
wn
P
SNR
is
u
s
u
al
l
y
ap
p
lied
to
a
s
in
g
le
ch
an
n
el.
W
P
SNR
is
an
e
x
t
en
d
ed
v
er
s
io
n
of
P
SNR
to
co
p
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
o
f
h
a
v
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
w
ei
g
h
ti
n
g
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
ese
w
eig
h
t
co
ef
f
icien
ts
ar
e
pr
o
v
id
ed
f
or
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
lo
r
ch
an
n
el
s
[
1
1
]
MS
-
SS
I
M
is
an
e
x
ten
s
io
n
o
f
SS
I
M,
h
a
v
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
fl
e
x
ib
ilit
y
f
or
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
vi
e
w
i
n
g
co
n
d
i
-
tio
n
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
UQI
is
e
x
p
r
ess
e
d
as
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
of
th
r
ee
f
ac
to
r
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
,
lo
s
s
of
co
r
r
e
-
latio
n
,
lu
m
i
n
an
ce
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
an
d
co
n
t
r
as
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
It
e
x
h
ib
its
a
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
a
n
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
MSE
)
.
L
astl
y
,
FS
I
M
is
b
ased
o
n
l
o
w
-
l
e
v
el
f
e
atu
r
e
s
.
I
n
p
a
r
tic
u
la
r
,
p
h
ase
co
n
g
r
u
e
n
c
y
is
u
s
ed
as
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
f
ea
tu
r
e
,
an
d
it
is
a
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
less
m
ea
s
u
r
e
of
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
lo
ca
l
st
r
u
ct
u
r
e
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
3
.
M
O
DIFIE
D
PI
X
EL
-
B
ASE
D
F
AS
T
M
E
DIAN
F
I
L
T
E
R
(
M
P
-
F
M
F
)
3
.
1
.
M
o
dified
Pi
x
el
In
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
o
d
if
ied
pi
x
el
f
or
m
o
d
if
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
pi
x
el
f
o
r
m
at
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
is
a
m
an
d
ato
r
y
s
tep
f
or
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
of
t
h
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
pi
x
el
s
is
sh
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1.
L
et
us
a
s
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
i
×
j
si
z
e
o
f
i
m
ag
e
h
as
i
×
j
n
u
m
b
er
of
pi
x
el
s
.
It
is
d
ef
in
ed
t
h
at
th
e
ce
n
ter
pi
x
el
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as
P
(
x,
y
)
an
d
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
p
i
x
el
s
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
P
1
to
P
8
.
A
pi
x
el
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as
8
b
its
in
t
h
e
b
i
n
a
r
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
t
h
e
least
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
b
it
(
L
SB
)
to
g
en
e
r
ate
t
h
e
c
y
c
lic
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
c
h
e
c
k
(
C
R
C
)
co
d
e
in
a
p
i
x
el
w
it
h
n
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
s
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
of
t
h
e
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ia
l
af
f
ec
t
s
t
h
e
len
g
t
h
of
L
SB
t
h
at
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
in
8
−
n/
3
b
it
s
.
T
h
e
co
d
e
r
ate
is
th
e
s
a
m
e
as
w
it
h
no
r
m
al
pi
x
e
ls
b
ec
au
s
e
b
in
a
r
y
b
its
ar
e
en
co
d
ed
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
of
L
SB
w
it
h
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
n
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
pi
x
el
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
ed
g
e
pi
x
el
s
,
e
xt
r
a
pi
x
el
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
.
I
n
th
e
SM
F
,
t
h
e
ed
g
e
pi
x
el
s
ar
e
n
ot
all
o
w
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
f
il
te
r
in
g
o
win
g
to
t
h
e
la
c
k
of
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
p
i
x
el
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
an
e
x
te
n
d
ed
m
a
s
k
f
or
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
f
or
e
v
e
r
y
ed
g
e
p
i
x
el
i
s
s
u
g
g
ested
in
th
is
p
ap
er
to
co
p
e
w
ith
t
h
is
li
m
itatio
n
.
T
h
is
co
n
ce
p
t
of
an
e
x
ten
d
ed
m
ask
is
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
im
ag
e
is
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
ed
w
it
h
z
er
o
v
alu
e
of
pi
x
el
s
as
an
e
x
ten
d
ed
m
a
s
k
,
as
sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2.
T
h
e
si
z
e
of
th
e
e
x
ten
d
ed
m
a
s
k
is
d
en
o
ted
as
(
i
+
2)
×
(
j
+
2
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
7
3
1
–
7
4
1
734
Fig
u
r
e
2.
E
x
ten
d
ed
m
as
k
f
or
an
i
m
ag
e
3
.
2
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
Alg
o
rit
h
m
MP
-
FMF
u
s
es
an
e
x
te
n
d
ed
m
ask
of
(
i
+
2)
×
(
j
+
2)
si
z
e
an
d
ap
p
lies
th
e
C
R
C
co
d
e
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
er
r
o
r
pi
x
el
s
.
C
e
n
ter
pi
x
el
P
(
x,
y
)
is
r
ep
lace
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
ed
ian
v
a
lu
e
of
t
h
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
p
i
x
el
s
w
h
en
an
er
r
o
r
pi
x
el
is
d
etec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
C
R
C
co
d
e
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
ar
e
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
t
h
e
MP
-
FMF
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
as
r
ep
r
esen
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e
:
1.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
t
w
o
ite
r
atio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ite
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
pi
x
els
ar
e
r
esh
ap
ed
f
or
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
pi
x
el
s
,
an
d
ea
c
h
pi
x
el
is
is
o
lated
w
i
th
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
b
it
s
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
b
it
s
,
L
SB
2
b
its
of
each
pi
x
el
ar
e
s
u
b
t
r
ac
ted
an
d
e
x
p
lo
ited
to
en
co
d
e
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
b
it
s
u
s
in
g
n
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial.
2.
If
a
pi
x
el
h
as
an
er
r
o
r
,
th
en
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
of
t
h
e
co
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
in
g
pi
x
el
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
i
m
a
g
e
w
it
h
m
ed
ia
n
f
ilte
r
in
g
h
a
v
i
n
g
er
r
o
r
d
etec
ted
ma
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
r
ep
lace
d
pi
x
el
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
:
P
(
x,
y
)
=
m
e
d
(
W
1
P
1
,
·
·
·
,
W
8
P
8
)
(
1
)
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
W
k
is
t
h
e
k
t
h
er
r
o
r
d
etec
ted
ma
r
k
a
n
d
m
e
d
(
·
)
is
th
e
m
ed
ian
f
u
n
ct
io
n
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
d
etec
te
d
ma
r
k
is
u
s
ed
f
or
in
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
an
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
on
th
e
co
r
r
u
p
ted
pi
x
el
s
.
3.
T
he
s
ec
o
n
d
ite
r
at
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ap
p
lied
to
gr
ab
t
h
e
fi
c
k
le
v
alu
es
o
n
t
h
e
pi
x
els
t
h
at
ar
e
er
r
o
r
p
i
x
el
s
.
MP
-
FMF
w
o
r
ks
b
y
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ite
r
atio
n
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
:
P
(
x,
y
)
=
m
e
d
(
W
1
P
1
,
·
·
·
,
W
8
P
8
)
if
P
(
x,
y
)
<
P
th
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
P
th
d
en
o
tes
t
he
th
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
v
alu
e
f
or
s
u
p
p
r
ess
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
u
ls
e
n
o
is
e
.
O
v
e
r
all,
MP
-
FMF
h
as
th
r
ee
s
t
ep
s
:
er
r
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
,
th
r
esh
o
ld
d
ec
is
io
n
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
m
iti
g
a
tio
n
.
In
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ite
r
at
io
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
lit
y
f
or
d
etec
tin
g
t
h
e
co
r
r
u
p
ted
p
i
x
el
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ite
r
atio
n
,
it
s
u
p
p
r
ess
e
s
th
e
fi
c
k
le
n
o
i
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
ite
r
atio
n
s
ac
h
i
e
v
es
m
iti
g
atio
n
of
t
h
e
i
m
p
u
ls
e
n
o
is
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
.
3
.
3
.
N
e
w
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
te
c
hn
iqu
e:
p
r
o
po
r
t
io
na
l
c
he
c
k
W
e
n
a
m
ed
t
h
e
n
e
w
e
v
a
lu
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
as
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
c
h
e
c
k
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
its
ch
a
r
ac
te
r
is
t
ic.
T
h
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
d
esc
r
ib
ed
in
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
w
a
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
e
v
al
u
-
atio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
on
w
i
n
d
o
w
si
z
e
f
or
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
Us
u
all
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
in
d
o
w
si
z
es
can
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
f
ilte
r
i
n
g
.
In
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
w
e
s
u
g
g
est
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
e
v
al
u
atio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
h
as
a
s
i
m
ilar
ef
f
ect
on
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
y
v
a
r
y
in
g
t
h
e
w
in
d
o
w
si
ze
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
le
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
m
at
h
e
m
atic
s
sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
can
be
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
(
4
)
.
Vi
: X
i
=
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Vj
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j
=
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j
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(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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d
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d
o
w
si
z
e
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t
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v
a
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ies
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i
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ag
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l
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tio
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X
i
Y
i
V
i
W
i
Fig
u
r
e
3.
P
r
o
p
o
r
t
on
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
or
e
v
al
u
atio
n
of
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
si
z
e
4
.
E
XP
E
RIM
E
NT
AL
RE
SUL
T
S
AN
D
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
w
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
,
M
F
,
a
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d
A
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m
e
t
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d
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s
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e
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u
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5,
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]
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ly
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ite
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g
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6,
a
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e
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atio
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et
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r
o
m
128
×
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5
1
2
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s
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in
Fi
g
u
r
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4.
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s
ee
n
th
at
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
eso
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t
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g
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n
d
o
w
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ze
.
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o
ev
alu
ate
th
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p
r
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p
o
s
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alg
o
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ith
m
,
w
e
ca
te
g
o
r
i
z
ed
t
w
o
I
QAs:
pi
x
el
b
ased
an
d
HVS
b
ased
th
at
ar
e
sh
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
1.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
h
a
s
8
dB
less
P
S
NR
an
d
W
P
SNR
(
p
i
x
el
b
ase
d
)
u
n
d
e
r
s
a
m
e
test
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
as
sh
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4.
F
or
MS
-
SS
I
M
a
n
d
F
SIM
(
HVS
b
ased
)
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
h
a
s
le
s
s
0
.
0
6
e
x
ce
p
t
f
or
th
e
p
ep
p
er
s
im
ag
e
.
F
or
UQI
,
o
n
l
y
th
e
ae
r
ial
i
m
ag
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
a
h
i
g
h
er
v
al
u
e
th
an
M
F
.
Gen
e
r
all
y
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
q
u
alit
y
is
sh
o
wn
w
it
h
t
h
e
MF
an
d
least
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u
a
lit
y
w
it
h
th
e
A
MF
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
MF
av
e
r
ag
es e
ac
h
pi
x
el
v
al
u
e
an
d
th
e
A
MF
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
si
z
e
of
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
as
a
b
uf
f
er
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ze
.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ti
m
e
is
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
of
t
h
e
to
tal
si
m
u
latio
n
ti
m
e
,
as
sh
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
cl
u
d
es
t
h
e
s
tep
s
of
d
etec
tin
g
co
r
r
u
p
ted
pi
x
el
s
an
d
ope
r
atin
g
th
e
SMF
p
r
in
cip
l
e
.
T
h
e
b
lu
e
b
ar
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ti
m
e
of
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
th
e
r
ed
b
ar
sh
o
ws
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
a
r
y
in
g
i
m
a
g
e
si
z
e
f
r
o
m
128
×
128
to
512
×
5
1
2
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
sh
o
w
an
e
x
p
o
n
e
n
tial
in
cr
ea
s
e
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ite
r
atio
n
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
eq
u
ir
es
10
%
less
ti
m
e
on
i
m
a
g
e
si
z
e
512
×
5
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
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4752
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d
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n
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E
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p
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3
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
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8
:
7
3
1
–
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4
1
736
(
a)
MF
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b
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c)
First iter
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ith
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ite
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atio
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p
r
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o
s
ed
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
Fig
u
r
e
4.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
of
M
F
,
AM
F
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Mo
d
ified
pi
x
els
b
a
s
ed
F
a
s
t
Med
ia
n
F
ilter
in
I
mp
u
ls
e
N
o
is
e
E
n
viro
n
men
ts
(
Ma
n
Hee
Lee
)
737
Fig
u
r
e
5.
No
is
e
v
a
r
ian
ce
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
of
M
F
,
AM
F
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
7
3
1
–
7
4
1
738
MF
A
M
F
P
r
o
p
1
s
t
P
r
o
p
2
n
d
(
a)
R
eso
lu
tio
n
512
×
512
Fig
u
r
e
6.
R
es
u
lts
f
or
v
a
r
io
u
s
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
M
F
,
AM
F
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Mo
d
ified
pi
x
els
b
a
s
ed
F
a
s
t
Med
ia
n
F
ilter
in
I
mp
u
ls
e
N
o
is
e
E
n
viro
n
men
ts
(
Ma
n
Hee
Lee
)
739
T
a
b
le
1.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
of
t
h
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
C
o
v
er
i
mag
e
MF
A
M
F
P
r
o
p
1
s
t
P
r
o
p
2
n
d
L
e
n
a
P
S
N
R
[
d
B
]
W
P
S
N
R
[
d
B
]
2
9
.
5
4
2
8
3
0
.
8
8
2
0
0
.
9
8
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ased
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.
RE
F
E
RE
N
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S
[1
]
R.
L
a
s
k
a
r
,
B
.
Bh
o
wm
i
c
k,
R.
Bi
s
w
a
s
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ka
r
,
“
Re
m
o
v
al
of
i
m
p
u
lse
n
o
ise
f
ro
m
c
o
lo
r
i
m
a
g
e
,
”
in
T
ENCON
2
0
0
9
-
2
0
0
9
IE
EE
Re
g
io
n
1
0
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
.
IEE
E,
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
1
–
5.
[2
]
J.
Ha
rik
iran
,
B.
S
a
ich
a
n
d
a
n
a
,
a
n
d
B
.
Div
a
k
a
r,
“
I
m
p
u
lse
n
o
ise
re
m
o
v
a
l
in
d
ig
it
a
l
im
a
g
e
s,”
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
(0
9
7
5
–
8
8
8
7
)
V
o
lu
m
e
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
]
D.
He
n
d
e
rso
n
a
n
d
R.
Ha
m
e
rn
ik
,
“
I
m
p
u
lse
n
o
ise
:
c
rit
ica
l
re
v
ie
w
,
”
T
h
e
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
th
e
A
c
o
u
stica
l
S
o
c
iet
y
o
f
Am
e
rica
,
v
o
l.
8
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
6
9
–
5
8
4
,
1
9
8
6
.
[4
]
J.
P
a
n
g
,
S
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
S
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
A
m
e
d
ian
f
il
ter
b
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
p
ro
p
o
rt
io
n
o
f
th
e
im
a
g
e
v
a
ria
n
c
e
,
”
i
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Ne
t
w
o
rk
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
Co
n
tr
o
l
Co
n
f
e
r
-
e
n
c
e
,
IEE
E.
IEE
E,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
3
–
1
2
7
.
[5
]
T
.
Hu
a
n
g
,
G
.
Y
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
G
.
Tan
g
,
“
A
fa
st
t
w
o
-
d
im
e
n
sio
n
a
l
m
e
d
ian
f
il
terin
g
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
A
c
o
u
stics
,
S
p
e
e
c
h
,
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
–
1
8
,
1
9
7
9
.
[6
]
A
.
R.
L
o
k
h
a
n
d
e
,
M
.
Da
s,
a
n
d
D.
S
a
lu
n
k
e
,
“
Ef
f
icie
n
t
re
m
o
v
a
l
o
f
i
m
p
u
lse
n
o
ise
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
z
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
m
e
d
ian
f
il
ter
a
n
d
c
e
n
ter
w
e
i
g
h
ted
m
e
d
ian
f
il
ter,”
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
-
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
2
8
8
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
S
.
J
.
K
o
a
n
d
Y
.
H.
Le
e
,
“
Ce
n
ter
w
e
ig
h
ted
m
e
d
ian
f
il
ters
a
n
d
th
e
ir
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
to
im
a
g
e
en
-
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
on
Circ
u
i
ts
and
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
n
o
.
9,
p
p
.
9
8
4
–
9
9
3
,
S
e
p
.
1
9
9
1
.
[8
]
O
.
S
.
F
a
r
a
g
a
ll
a
h
a
n
d
H.
M.
Ib
r
a
h
e
m
,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
s
w
it
c
h
in
g
w
e
i
g
h
ted
m
e
d
ian
f
il
ter
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
f
or
su
p
p
re
ss
in
g
sa
lt
-
a
n
d
-
p
e
p
p
e
r
n
o
is
e
,
”
AEU
-
In
te
r
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
of
E
lec
tro
n
ics
and
Co
m
-
m
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
0
,
n
o
.
8,
p
p
.
1
0
3
4
–
1
0
4
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.