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o
urna
l o
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lect
rica
l En
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Science
Vo
l.
21
,
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2
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Feb
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Dete
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pti
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z
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us for
z
o
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routin
g
proto
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Z
RP)
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m
o
b
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a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
(
M
A
NE
T
).
B
y
d
e
f
in
it
io
n
,
M
A
NET
n
o
d
e
s
a
r
e
f
r
e
e
to
m
o
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e
a
ro
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n
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is
m
a
y
c
a
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se
d
if
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icu
lt
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ro
u
ti
n
g
.
M
A
NET
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
m
u
st
c
o
n
sid
e
r
th
is
f
a
c
to
r
w
h
e
n
m
a
k
in
g
ro
u
ti
n
g
d
e
c
isio
n
.
z
o
n
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
(ZR
P
)
is
a
h
y
b
rid
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
,
w
h
ich
u
ti
li
z
e
s
t
h
e
p
ro
a
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
re
a
c
ti
v
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s.
ZRP
p
ro
a
c
ti
v
e
ly
m
a
i
n
tain
s
ro
u
ti
n
g
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
w
it
h
in
a
ro
u
ti
n
g
z
o
n
e
,
w
h
il
e
re
a
c
ti
v
e
l
y
d
isc
o
v
e
rin
g
ro
u
tes
t
o
d
e
stin
a
ti
o
n
s
b
e
y
o
n
d
t
h
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
z
o
n
e
.
S
in
c
e
ZR
P
is
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
o
f
ro
u
ti
n
g
z
o
n
e
,
d
e
term
in
in
g
a
n
o
p
ti
m
u
m
ro
u
ti
n
g
z
o
n
e
ra
d
i
u
s h
a
s th
e
m
a
jo
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
th
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
a
t
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l.
I
n
t
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
,
w
e
stu
d
ied
th
e
e
f
fe
c
t
o
f
z
o
n
e
ra
d
i
u
s
o
n
th
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
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w
it
h
d
if
fe
r
e
n
t
lev
e
ls
o
f
n
o
d
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
.
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d
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
is
d
e
f
in
e
d
u
sin
g
tw
o
d
if
f
e
re
n
t
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
:
n
o
d
e
sp
e
e
d
a
n
d
p
a
u
se
ti
m
e
.
Ba
se
d
o
n
th
e
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s,
ZR
P
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
u
si
n
g
z
o
n
e
ra
d
iu
s
o
f
t
w
o
p
ro
v
id
e
s
th
e
b
e
st
p
a
c
k
e
t
d
e
li
v
e
r
y
f
ra
c
ti
o
n
,
th
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
n
o
rm
a
li
z
e
d
ro
u
ti
n
g
lo
a
d
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r,
a
larg
e
r
z
o
n
e
ra
d
iu
s w
il
l
p
ro
v
i
d
e
a
lo
w
e
r
d
e
lay
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
H
y
b
r
id
r
o
u
tin
g
MA
NE
T
P
r
o
ac
tiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
R
ea
cti
v
e
r
o
u
tin
g
Z
R
P
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC
BY
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Kh
alid
W
.
A
l
-
An
i
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
St
u
d
ies an
d
P
lan
n
i
n
g
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
An
b
ar
,
An
b
ar
,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail:
k
h
a
led
_
alan
i
@
u
o
a
n
b
ar
.
ed
u
.
iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
MA
NE
T
is
a
t
y
p
e
o
f
w
ir
ele
s
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
o
r
s
ta
tio
n
s
to
co
n
n
ec
t
to
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
u
ch
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ap
p
ea
r
ed
to
estab
lis
h
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
in
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
cir
cu
m
s
ta
n
ce
s
i
n
w
h
ich
t
h
e
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
as
n
o
t
av
ail
ab
l
e
[1
-
3]
.
MA
NE
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
m
a
n
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
b
u
ild
in
g
v
ir
tu
a
l
cla
s
s
r
o
o
m
s
,
i
n
m
ilit
ar
y
w
ar
s
,
n
at
u
r
al
d
is
a
s
ter
s
s
u
ch
as
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
s
a
n
d
f
lo
o
d
s
,
an
d
o
th
er
ap
p
l
icatio
n
s
[4
-
7]
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
ath
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
p
eo
p
le
u
s
in
g
th
e
MA
NE
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
o
n
e
-
h
o
p
o
r
m
an
y
h
o
p
s
.
E
ac
h
d
ev
ice
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
ca
lled
a
n
o
d
e,
an
d
th
ese
n
o
d
es
w
o
r
k
to
r
ec
eiv
e
a
n
d
s
en
d
m
es
s
ag
e
s
a
n
d
as a
r
o
u
ter
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e,
t
h
e
y
d
ir
e
ct
m
es
s
ag
e
s
to
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
t
h
e
co
n
tin
u
it
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
[
8
,
9
]
.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
ese
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
m
o
v
e
s
f
r
ee
l
y
a
n
d
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
an
d
it
m
a
y
e
x
is
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
at
a
n
y
ti
m
e
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
a
n
d
r
an
d
o
m
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
o
d
es
i
n
a
n
d
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
M
ANE
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
al
w
a
y
s
v
ar
iab
le
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
ese
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
u
s
ed
m
an
y
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
an
d
th
er
e
is
s
till
a
g
r
ea
t
n
ee
d
to
f
in
d
id
ea
l p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
to
estab
lis
h
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
s
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
4
-
16]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Dete
r
min
in
g
a
n
o
p
timu
m
z
o
n
e
r
a
d
iu
s
fo
r
z
o
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l (
ZRP
)
b
a
s
ed
o
n
n
o
d
e…
(
K
h
a
lid
W
.
A
l
-
A
n
i
)
1231
P
r
o
ac
tiv
e,
R
ea
ctiv
e,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
ar
e
th
e
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
t
y
p
es
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
M
A
NE
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
-
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
is
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
s
en
d
in
g
p
ac
k
ets
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
th
e
tar
g
et,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
s
a
v
ed
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
o
n
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
a
s
p
ec
ial
tab
le
ca
lled
th
e
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
le
an
d
it
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
u
p
d
atin
g
it
al
w
a
y
s
[
1
9
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
r
ea
cti
v
e
-
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
is
t
h
e
lo
w
lo
ad
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
o
v
er
lo
a
d
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
w
i
th
co
n
tr
o
l
m
es
s
ag
e
s
t
h
at
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
u
p
d
ate
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
t
y
p
e,
b
u
t
r
ath
er
s
en
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ess
a
g
es
o
n
l
y
u
p
o
n
r
eq
u
est,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
r
o
u
te
to
s
en
d
a
p
ac
k
et
f
r
o
m
a
s
o
u
r
c
e
to
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
tar
g
et
[2
0]
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
o
f
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
e
x
p
lo
i
ted
to
b
u
ild
t
h
e
th
ir
d
t
y
p
e
ca
lled
h
y
b
r
id
-
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
w
h
ic
h
u
s
e
p
r
o
ac
ti
v
e
-
p
r
o
to
co
l
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
d
el
iv
er
p
ac
k
ets
to
n
o
d
es
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
i
le
u
s
i
n
g
r
ea
ctiv
e
-
p
r
o
to
co
l te
ch
n
i
q
u
es to
d
eliv
er
p
ac
k
ets to
n
o
d
es o
u
ts
id
e
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
2
1
,
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
o
f
e
x
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
h
ea
d
an
d
d
ela
y
o
f
lo
n
g
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
est
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ar
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
Z
R
P
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
o
f
t
h
ese
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
[
2
3
]
.
Z
R
P
u
tili
ze
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ad
ig
m
i
n
s
id
e
t
h
e
zo
n
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
ar
ad
ig
m
o
u
t
s
id
e
th
e
zo
n
e.
A
r
o
u
tin
g
zo
n
e
o
f
a
n
o
d
e
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
lo
ca
l
n
eig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
o
f
t
h
at
n
o
d
e,
an
d
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
co
u
ld
b
e
p
ar
t
o
f
m
u
l
tip
le
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
z
o
n
es.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
zo
n
e
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
,
t
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
is
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
f
r
o
m
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
o
d
e
to
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
o
f
th
e
zo
n
e
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
zo
n
e
r
a
d
iu
s
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
ac
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
Z
R
P
b
ec
au
s
e
it
w
o
r
k
s
to
b
alan
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
lo
ad
a
n
d
d
ela
y
b
y
d
i
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
ea
in
to
zo
n
es.
T
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
ese
ar
ea
s
i
s
m
a
n
ag
ed
b
y
t
w
o
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
o
f
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
.
P
r
o
ac
tiv
e
-
r
o
u
tin
g
i
s
u
s
ed
in
s
id
e
th
e
zo
n
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
-
r
o
u
ti
n
g
o
u
t
s
id
e
th
e
zo
n
e.
De
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
v
alu
e
w
i
ll
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
-
r
o
u
ti
n
g
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
-
r
o
u
ti
n
g
,
th
u
s
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
lo
ad
o
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
d
ela
y
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
a
n
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a
wh
en
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e'
s
m
o
b
ilit
y
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
an
d
it
h
a
s
a
g
r
ea
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
d
d
ep
en
d
s
m
ai
n
l
y
o
n
s
p
ee
d
an
d
p
au
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
.
W
h
e
n
i
n
c
r
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
s
an
d
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
p
au
s
e
ti
m
e,
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
ill
co
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
ch
a
n
g
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
n
o
d
es
w
ill
co
n
s
tan
tl
y
ch
a
n
g
e
th
e
ir
lo
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
a
n
d
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
an
d
t
h
i
s
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
lo
ad
o
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
l
o
s
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
n
o
d
es
d
ep
ar
tu
r
e
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
t
h
eir
en
er
g
y
.
B
u
t
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
h
ap
p
en
s
w
h
en
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
s
p
ee
d
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
an
d
th
e
p
au
s
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
ill
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le,
th
e
ch
a
n
ce
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
e
t
w
ee
n
th
e
n
o
d
es
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e,
th
u
s
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
r
o
u
tin
g
lo
ad
o
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
t
m
u
c
h
r
esear
ch
o
n
h
y
b
r
id
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
O
n
th
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
y
ea
r
s
h
a
s
g
i
v
en
a
l
o
t
o
f
r
esear
c
h
e
f
f
o
r
t
o
n
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
n
o
d
es
i
n
M
A
NE
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
Op
ti
m
ized
L
i
n
k
Sta
te
R
o
u
ti
n
g
(
OL
S
R
)
[
2
5
]
is
a
n
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
a
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
-
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l,
D
y
n
a
m
ic
So
u
r
ce
R
o
u
tin
g
(
DSR
)
[
2
6
]
an
d
Ad
Ho
c
On
-
De
m
a
n
d
Dis
ta
n
ce
Vec
to
r
R
o
u
tin
g
(
A
O
DV)
[
2
7
]
ar
e
ex
a
m
p
les
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
-
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
w
ill
w
o
r
k
o
n
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ca
lled
zo
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
Z
R
P
)
,
an
d
tr
y
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
Z
R
P
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
in
s
ev
er
al
ca
s
e
s
f
o
r
Z
R
P
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
b
est
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
Z
R
P
.
T
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
ap
p
l
y
t
h
ese
ca
s
es.
Fi
r
s
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
w
h
en
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
es
i
s
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
w
h
e
n
p
au
s
e
t
i
m
e
i
s
v
ar
i
ab
le.
2.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
SE
T
UP
A
s
i
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
Z
R
P
p
r
o
to
co
l
w
as
b
u
ilt
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
a
m
o
u
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
o
l
ca
lled
th
e
Net
w
o
r
k
Si
m
u
lato
r
NS2
v
er
s
i
o
n
2
.
3
3
(
w
h
ich
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t p
o
p
u
lar
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
n
et
wo
r
k
s
i
m
u
lato
r
s
[
2
8
]
)
b
y
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
c
en
ar
io
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
:
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
as
s
i
m
u
lated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
u
r
ca
s
e
s
o
f
Z
R
P
.
I
n
ea
ch
ca
s
e,
t
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
th
e
zo
n
e
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
c
ase
to
an
o
th
er
,
w
h
er
e
it
w
as
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
g
r
ad
u
all
y
f
r
o
m
2
,
3
,
4
,
to
5
h
o
p
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
s
e
to
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
ca
s
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
5
0
n
o
d
es
w
er
e
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
ar
ea
.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
h
ad
:
a
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
5
0
m
eter
s
,
a
p
au
s
e
t
i
m
e
w
as
ch
a
n
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
(
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t)
to
1
0
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
(
n
o
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t)
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
w
a
s
2
0
m
eter
s
/s
ec
o
n
d
.
T
h
ese
n
o
d
es
m
o
v
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
i
n
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
1
5
0
0
m
eter
s
*
1
5
0
0
m
eter
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
ti
m
e
i
s
s
et
to
9
0
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
I
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
2
,
5
0
n
o
d
es
ar
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
w
i
th
i
n
1
5
0
0
x
1
5
0
0
ar
ea
an
d
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
i
s
2
5
0
m
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
p
er
io
d
is
s
et
to
9
0
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
es
w
as
at
a
s
p
ee
d
b
etw
ee
n
2
0
-
100
m
s
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
o
u
ti
n
g
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n
e
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er
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s
ed
f
r
o
m
2
to
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w
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e
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au
s
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e
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ed
to
2
0
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ec
o
n
d
s
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
1
an
d
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
1
2
3
0
-
12
37
1232
T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
t
w
o
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
1
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
2
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
N
o
d
e
s
5
0
n
o
d
e
s
5
0
n
o
d
e
s
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
i
me
9
0
0
se
c
o
n
d
s
9
0
0
se
c
o
n
d
s
M
a
p
S
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z
e
1
5
0
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m x
1
5
0
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m
7
5
0
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x
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5
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m
M
a
x
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p
e
e
d
2
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m/
s
2
0
,
4
0
,
6
0
,
8
0
a
n
d
1
0
0
m
/
s
M
o
b
i
l
i
t
y
M
o
d
e
l
R
a
n
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o
m w
a
y
p
o
i
n
t
R
a
n
d
o
m w
a
y
p
o
i
n
t
T
r
a
f
f
i
c
Ty
p
e
C
o
n
st
a
n
t
b
i
t
r
a
t
e
(
C
B
R
)
C
o
n
st
a
n
t
b
i
t
r
a
t
e
(
C
B
R
)
P
a
c
k
e
t
S
i
z
e
5
1
2
b
y
t
e
s
5
1
2
b
y
t
e
s
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
R
a
t
e
(
N
o
mi
n
a
l
R
a
d
i
o
R
a
n
g
e
)
4
p
k
t
s/
se
c
4
p
k
t
s/
se
c
P
a
u
se
T
i
me
0
,
2
0
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4
0
,
6
0
,
8
0
,
1
0
0
se
c
o
n
d
s
2
0
se
c
o
n
d
N
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mb
e
r
o
f
C
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t
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n
5
5
B
a
n
d
w
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d
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A
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p
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I
EEE
8
0
2
.
1
1
I
EEE
8
0
2
.
1
1
3.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE M
E
T
RIC
S
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
a
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
a
n
d
b
est
r
o
u
te
to
th
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ic
s
s
u
ch
as
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
T
P),
“
P
ac
k
et
Deliv
er
y
Fra
ctio
n
(
P
DF)
”,
“
No
r
m
alize
d
R
o
u
ti
n
g
L
o
ad
(
NR
L
)
”,
“
av
er
a
g
e
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
d
ela
y
(
E
-
to
-
E
d
elay
)
”,
“
T
o
tal
P
ac
k
et
R
ec
eiv
ed
”,
“
Da
ta
P
ac
k
et
Dr
o
p
p
ed
”
,
an
d
s
o
m
e
o
t
h
er
m
e
t
r
ics.
I
n
th
i
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l w
i
ll b
e
ev
al
u
ated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
f
o
u
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
:
a)
P
ac
k
et
Deliv
er
y
Fra
ctio
n
(
P
DF)
:
I
t
is
t
h
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
s
r
ec
ei
v
ed
b
y
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
er
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
s
en
d
b
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
2
9
]
.
∑
∑
(
1
)
b)
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
T
P
)
:
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
l’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
an
d
r
ec
eiv
in
g
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
t
h
at
ar
e
ac
tu
all
y
ar
r
i
v
in
g
at
t
h
eir
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
b
y
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
th
a
t
h
a
v
e
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
in
r
ea
ch
in
g
th
eir
d
e
s
tin
a
tio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t is ca
lc
u
lated
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
[
3
0
]
:
∑
(
2
)
c)
Av
er
ag
e
E
-
to
-
E
d
ela
y
:
U
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
ti
m
e
s
p
en
t
b
y
p
ac
k
ets
o
n
t
h
eir
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
en
d
i
n
g
n
o
d
es to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
n
o
d
es
[
1
8
]
.
∑
∑
(
3
)
d)
No
r
m
a
lized
R
o
u
t
in
g
L
o
ad
(
NR
L
)
:
I
t
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
la
te
th
e
r
atio
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
r
o
u
ti
n
g
m
es
s
ag
e
s
th
at
tr
a
v
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
tu
al
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
th
eir
tar
g
ets.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
o
f
NR
L
is
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
an
d
its
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
r
elate
d
to
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
n
o
d
e
b
atter
y
p
o
w
er
[
2
4
]
.
(
)
∑
∑
(
4
)
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
ANA
L
YS
I
S
I
n
th
i
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
f
o
u
r
k
in
d
s
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
s
s
u
ch
as
“
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t”,
“
No
r
m
alize
d
R
o
u
tin
g
L
o
ad
(
NR
L
)
”,
“
av
er
a
g
e
e
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
d
ela
y
”,
an
d
“
P
ac
k
et
d
eli
v
er
y
Fra
ctio
n
(
P
DF)
”
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
an
d
e
v
al
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
Z
R
P
h
ad
b
ee
n
o
v
er
v
ie
w
ed
an
d
an
a
l
y
ze
d
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t
s
as s
h
o
w
n
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
4
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
P
DF
Fig
u
r
es
1
an
d
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
e
s
u
l
ts
f
o
r
Z
R
P
in
t
h
e
t
w
o
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
P
DF
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
it
is
n
o
ted
th
at
w
it
h
th
e
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
o
f
p
au
s
e
ti
m
e,
all
th
e
f
o
u
r
test
ca
s
es
s
h
o
w
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
er
y
f
r
ac
tio
n
.
Z
R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
2
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
5
8
.
0
2
%
to
7
6
.
5
7
%,
Z
R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
3
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
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m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
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r
min
in
g
a
n
o
p
timu
m
z
o
n
e
r
a
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s
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r
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r
o
u
tin
g
p
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b
a
s
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R
P
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o
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R
P
w
it
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m
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ec
tiv
el
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s
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e
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s
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T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
th
at
is
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
s
to
p
m
o
v
i
n
g
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
au
s
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
b
r
o
k
e
n
li
n
k
is
lo
w
er
a
n
d
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
ec
o
m
e
s
s
tab
le.
T
h
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
DF
i
n
Z
R
P
w
i
th
zo
n
e
r
a
d
iu
s
2
i
s
3
1
.
9
7
%,
3
5
.
3
4
f
o
r
Z
R
P
w
i
th
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
3
,
3
2
.
6
4
f
o
r
Z
R
P
w
ith
zo
n
e
r
a
d
iu
s
4
,
3
5
.
9
3
f
o
r
Z
R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
5
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
P
DF
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
tes
t
ca
s
es
is
s
li
g
h
tl
y
d
if
f
er
en
t.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
Z
R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
2
s
h
o
w
s
b
etter
P
DF
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
th
r
ee
test
ca
s
e
s
.
I
n
zo
n
e
r
ad
i
u
s
2
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
ti
m
e
Z
R
P
w
ill
b
e
h
a
v
e
li
k
e
a
p
u
r
el
y
r
ea
ctiv
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
r
o
u
te
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
a
n
d
th
e
o
v
er
h
ea
d
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
I
n
ter
-
zo
n
e
R
o
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
co
l
(
I
E
R
P)
p
ac
k
ets
i
s
r
elati
v
el
y
s
m
all
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
I
n
tr
a
-
zo
n
e
R
o
u
tin
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l (
I
A
R
P
)
p
ac
k
ets s
in
ce
it is
g
e
n
er
ated
u
p
o
n
r
eq
u
est.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
P
DF is i
n
cr
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s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
1
2
3
0
-
12
37
1234
Fig
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Resul
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n
r
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u
lts
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o
r
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R
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n
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h
e
t
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ce
n
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ter
m
s
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T
P
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I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
,
it
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o
ted
t
h
at
w
it
h
t
h
e
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n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
p
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s
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m
e,
all
t
h
e
f
o
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r
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est
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s
e
s
s
h
o
w
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
T
P
.
Z
R
P
w
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h
zo
n
e
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s
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cr
ea
s
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r
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1
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4
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8
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R
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w
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h
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s
3
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cr
ea
s
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0
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4
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b
p
s
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R
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th
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s
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cr
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r
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m
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6
k
b
p
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,
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R
P
w
ith
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
5
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n
cr
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
8
.
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9
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b
p
s
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1
.
7
8
k
b
p
s
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
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h
e
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th
e
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au
s
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m
e
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s
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cr
ea
s
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0
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ec
o
n
d
s
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h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
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o
d
e
m
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v
e
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t
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et
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m
e
m
o
r
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s
tab
le.
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a
r
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u
lt,
n
et
wo
r
k
T
P
in
cr
ea
s
es.
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t
i
s
a
ls
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o
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s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
a
ll
f
o
u
r
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s
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h
av
e
a
v
er
y
s
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m
ila
r
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cr
ea
s
e
i
n
T
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h
e
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ce
n
tag
e
o
f
T
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in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
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R
P
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h
zo
n
e
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s
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i
s
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1
.
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6
%,
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6
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1
3
%
f
o
r
Z
R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
3
,
3
3
.
4
8
%
f
o
r
Z
R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
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s
4
,
an
d
3
5
.
5
6
%
f
o
r
Z
R
P
w
ith
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
5
.
Z
R
P
w
ith
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
2
h
as
a
h
ig
h
er
T
P
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
th
r
ee
test
ca
s
es.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
at
w
it
h
a
s
m
all
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
ti
m
e
Z
R
P
w
i
ll
b
eh
av
e
li
k
e
a
r
ea
ctiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
(
I
E
R
P
)
in
w
h
i
ch
th
e
B
o
r
d
er
ca
s
t
R
eso
l
u
tio
n
P
r
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to
co
l
(
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R
P
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is
u
s
ed
to
s
e
n
d
r
o
u
te
q
u
er
ies
to
t
h
e
p
er
ip
h
er
al
n
o
d
es
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
t
in
g
r
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u
te
r
eq
u
est
s
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
v
er
ed
r
o
u
ti
n
g
zo
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
q
u
er
y
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n
tr
o
l
m
e
ch
an
i
s
m
s
.
As
a
r
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u
lt,
t
h
e
r
o
u
t
in
g
lo
ad
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
an
d
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t q
u
er
ies ar
e
also
m
in
i
m
ized
.
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ce
,
Z
R
P
w
i
th
a
s
m
all
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
g
ets
h
ig
h
T
P
.
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u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
w
i
th
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n
cr
ea
s
in
g
n
o
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ee
d
,
all
th
e
f
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r
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es
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o
w
a
d
ec
r
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s
e
i
n
T
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w
h
en
th
e
m
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x
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m
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d
es i
n
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r
o
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0
m
/s
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h
e
T
P
o
f
Z
R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
2
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ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
1
1
.
8
7
k
b
p
s
to
5
.
6
k
b
p
s
,
Z
R
P
w
ith
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
3
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
f
r
o
m
1
0
.
7
2
k
b
p
s
to
4
.
5
5
k
b
p
s
,
Z
R
P
w
i
th
zo
n
e
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iu
s
4
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ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
1
0
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1
8
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b
p
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to
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.
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6
k
b
p
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,
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d
Z
R
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th
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ad
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s
5
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ec
r
ea
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es
f
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m
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h
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r
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e
t
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P
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h
zo
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n
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y
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2
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m
p
ar
ed
t
o
5
7
.
5
5
%
f
o
r
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R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
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iu
s
3
,
6
3
.
0
6
%
f
o
r
Z
R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
4
,
an
d
6
2
.
8
0
%
f
o
r
Z
R
P
w
it
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
5
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
is
t
h
at
w
it
h
a
s
m
a
ll
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
,
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
(
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E
R
P
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m
o
s
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y
u
s
ed
.
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h
er
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r
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th
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m
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an
d
as a
r
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lt
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e
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in
cr
ea
s
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r
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e
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u
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ti
m
e
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cr
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R
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it
h
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n
e
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ad
iu
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ec
r
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s
es
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o
m
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7
2
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3
0
.
3
7
2
,
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R
P
w
ith
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
3
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
6
7
.
7
6
6
to
3
9
.
5
7
3
,
Z
R
P
w
i
th
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
4
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
9
1
.
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2
5
to
5
3
.
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7
8
,
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R
P
w
ith
z
o
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
5
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
1
2
7
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1
6
2
to
6
8
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4
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h
e
n
th
e
p
au
s
e
ti
m
e
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cr
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d
s
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o
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4
6
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h
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e
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ad
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s
5
.
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R
P
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h
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n
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s
2
h
as
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m
p
ar
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e
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th
er
th
r
e
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s
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s
e,
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s
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m
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d
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ased
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Fig
u
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u
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p
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u
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ith
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o
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ts
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g
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n
e;
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er
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m
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h
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n
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ased
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RE
F
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NC
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S
[1
]
N.
S
.
S
a
b
a
F
a
rh
e
e
n
a
n
d
A
.
Ja
in
,
“
I
m
p
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v
e
d
ro
u
ti
n
g
in
M
A
NET
w
it
h
o
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t
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ize
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m
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lt
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g
f
in
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e
d
w
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h
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y
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rid
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g
,
”
J
.
Kin
g
S
a
u
d
Un
iv.
-
Co
m
p
u
t
.
In
f.
S
c
i.
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
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1
0
1
6
/
j.
jk
su
c
i.
2
0
2
0
.
0
1
.
0
0
1
.
[2
]
S
.
Zaf
a
r,
S
.
Kh
a
n
,
N.
If
tek
h
a
r,
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
Bisw
a
s,
“
S
u
b
sta
n
ti
a
ti
o
n
o
f
V
u
ln
e
ra
b
il
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ti
e
s
in
V
a
rio
u
s
S
e
c
u
re
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
ls
o
f
M
A
NET
,
”
in
Fo
re
n
sic
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ri
sk
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
in
M
o
b
il
e
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
IGI Glo
b
a
l
,
p
p
.
1
6
8
-
1
9
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[3
]
M
.
H.
Ha
ss
a
n
,
S
.
A
.
M
o
sta
f
a
,
A
.
Bu
d
i
y
o
n
o
,
A
.
M
u
sta
p
h
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
G
u
n
a
se
k
a
ra
n
,
“
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h
y
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ri
d
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
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ro
v
in
g
th
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q
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a
li
ty
o
f
se
r
v
ice
in
M
A
NE
T
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Ad
v
.
S
c
i.
En
g
.
In
f
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
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,
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p
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2
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2
2
5
,
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0
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8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
8
5
1
7
/i
jas
e
it
.
8
.
4
.
5
0
0
4
.
[4
]
P.
Kh
a
tri
a
n
d
P
.
R.
Ra
jv
a
n
sh
i,
“
A
R
e
lativ
e
S
tu
d
y
A
b
o
u
t
M
o
b
il
e
A
d
-
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c
Ne
tw
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rk
(M
A
NE
T):
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p
p
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a
ti
o
n
s
,
S
tan
d
a
rd
,
P
r
o
to
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o
ls,
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rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
a
n
d
Re
c
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s,”
in
I
o
T
a
n
d
Clo
u
d
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
me
n
ts
in
Ve
h
icu
l
a
r
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-
Ho
c
Ne
two
rk
s.
IGI Gl
o
b
a
l
,
p
p
.
1
5
6
-
1
7
3
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
]
A
.
S
.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
,
A
.
Ba
ss
e
l,
a
n
d
H.
M
.
Ha
g
lan
,
“
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f
e
c
t
o
f
No
d
e
S
p
e
e
d
a
n
d
P
a
c
k
e
t
S
ize
o
n
t
h
e
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
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to
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in
M
o
b
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le
A
d
-
Ho
c
Ne
tw
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rk
(M
A
NE
T
),
”
AU
S
Rev
.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
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2
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p
.
2
0
0
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,
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0
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4
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6
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u
s.2
0
1
9
.
n
2
6
.
2
.
2
6
/.
[6
]
N.
Ra
z
a
,
M
.
U.
Af
t
a
b
,
M
.
Q.
Ak
b
a
r,
O.
A
sh
ra
f
,
a
n
d
M
.
Irf
a
n
,
“
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o
b
i
le
A
d
-
Ho
c
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
A
p
p
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c
a
ti
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n
s
a
n
d
Its
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,”
Co
mm
u
n
.
Ne
tw.
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
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7
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[8
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[9
]
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z
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.
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t.
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.
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0
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M
A
NET
Ro
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ls
Ev
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ti
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:
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O
DV
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,
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.
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1
]
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t.
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[1
2
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.
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in
a
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d
A
.
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a
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i,
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Re
v
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ro
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(M
AN
ET
s),”
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sh
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n
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h
i
In
t.
J
.
In
n
o
v
.
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.
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IJ
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l.
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3
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X
.
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n
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a
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d
J.
L
in
,
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su
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h
o
c
n
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tw
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rk
s,”
in
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
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fer
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n
c
e
o
n
Co
mm
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ica
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T
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c
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Pro
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s,
ICCT
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p
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.
2
0
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8
3
5
9
8
6
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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1237
[1
5
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D.
Zh
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,
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.
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,
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,
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L
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,
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,
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2
2
,
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9
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1
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.
[1
6
]
J.
S
h
e
n
,
C.
W
a
n
g
,
A
.
Wan
g
,
X
.
S
u
n
,
S
.
M
o
h
,
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P
.
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.
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Hu
n
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Org
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rk
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.
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7
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a
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d
N.
W
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,
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in
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8
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.
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,
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9
]
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.
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h
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th
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,
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in
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0
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In
t.
J
.
Fu
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Rev
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.
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s,”
In
t.
J
.
Ap
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En
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.
Res
.
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1
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.
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2
]
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.
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,
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M
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3
]
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h
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.
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,
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.
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:
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0
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8
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0
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.
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0
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.
[2
4
]
H.
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.
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g
lan
,
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.
Yu
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.
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.
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ll
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fo
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N.
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.
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