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in
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1
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tin
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t
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n
.
T
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r
it
y
attac
k
s
is
to
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
ati
n
g
n
o
d
e
s
it
s
elf
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
i
n
tr
u
d
er
s
o
r
to
c
h
ec
k
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ili
t
y
o
f
a
tta
ck
s
d
u
r
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
.
T
h
e
ad
h
o
c
n
et
w
o
r
k
u
s
u
all
y
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
es.
Hen
ce
an
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
attac
k
s
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t b
e
h
ig
h
l
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
in
te
n
s
i
v
e
w
h
ich
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
m
u
c
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
y
ea
c
h
n
o
d
e
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
at
tack
s
lau
n
c
h
e
d
in
M
A
NE
T
ar
e
ca
lled
as
p
ass
iv
e
a
n
d
ac
ti
v
e
attac
k
s
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
ed
n
o
d
es
s
ile
n
tl
y
li
s
ten
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
a
n
d
lear
n
v
al
u
ab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
as
o
r
ig
i
n
ato
r
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
o
f
th
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
e,
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
,
th
en
it
is
a
p
ass
iv
e
attac
k
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
attac
k
er
s
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
lear
n
in
g
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
also
m
o
d
i
f
y
o
r
d
r
o
p
t
h
e
p
ac
k
ets
i
n
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
attac
k
s
lau
n
c
h
ed
o
n
M
ANE
T
ar
e
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
s
,
C
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
B
lack
Ho
le
attac
k
s
,
Gr
a
y
h
o
le
attac
k
s
,
Flo
o
d
in
g
A
ttac
k
s
,
R
o
u
t
in
g
T
ab
le
Ov
er
f
lo
w
attac
k
,
W
o
r
m
h
o
le
attac
k
s
,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
[
3
,
4
]
.
W
h
en
s
et
tin
g
u
p
th
e
MA
NE
T
,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
n
o
d
es
ar
e
p
r
o
p
er
ly
au
t
h
e
n
ticat
ed
an
d
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
er
cr
ed
en
tial
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
b
ein
g
a
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Hen
ce
th
e
s
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
attac
k
s
a
r
e
m
o
s
t
l
y
la
u
n
c
h
ed
b
y
m
alici
o
u
s
n
o
d
es
th
at
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
er
c
r
ed
en
tials
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
tar
g
et
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Hen
c
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
at
tack
s
la
u
n
c
h
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
e
n
o
d
es
ar
e
ca
lled
in
s
id
e
attac
k
s
.
B
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
ized
n
o
d
es
ar
e
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
s
id
e
a
ttack
s
t
h
e
y
ar
e
v
er
y
h
ar
d
to
d
etec
t.
B
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
is
a
n
in
s
id
e
attac
k
a
n
d
it c
an
b
e
ea
s
i
l
y
d
ep
lo
y
ed
o
n
o
n
-
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
lik
e
A
O
DV
an
d
DS
R
[
5
]
.
I
n
r
ea
ctiv
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
r
o
u
te
s
et
-
u
p
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
b
r
o
a
d
ca
s
t
a
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
ca
lled
R
o
u
teR
E
Qu
e
s
t
(
R
R
E
Q)
p
ac
k
ets
i
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
A
R
o
u
te
R
E
P
l
y
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
(
R
R
E
P
)
is
s
en
t
b
ac
k
to
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
h
o
s
t
b
y
a
n
y
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
o
n
l
y
if
it
h
a
s
a
latest
o
r
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
p
ath
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
in
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
h
o
s
t
s
en
d
s
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
s
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
h
o
s
t.
I
n
b
lac
k
h
o
le
a
ttack
,
t
h
e
attac
k
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
ex
p
lo
it
s
th
i
s
f
ea
tu
r
e
to
its
ad
v
an
ta
g
e.
I
n
b
la
ck
h
o
le
at
tack
,
t
h
e
attac
k
er
ca
n
r
ed
ir
ec
t a
ll
t
h
e
d
a
ta
p
ac
k
ets
to
it
s
el
f
b
y
s
e
n
d
in
g
f
alse
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
ad
v
er
tis
i
n
g
a
s
h
o
r
test
o
r
la
test
r
o
u
te
to
th
e
d
es
tin
a
tio
n
h
o
s
t
a
n
d
th
e
n
d
r
o
p
s
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
it
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
at
io
n
[
6
]
.
I
n
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
,
m
u
ltip
le
attac
k
er
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
co
ll
u
s
io
n
an
d
la
u
n
c
h
t
h
e
b
lack
h
o
l
e
attac
k
.
T
h
is
i
s
to
av
o
id
p
r
o
m
is
c
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
r
o
v
er
h
ea
r
in
g
b
y
o
t
h
er
n
o
d
es
w
h
en
t
h
e
attac
k
er
d
r
o
p
s
p
ac
k
et.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
a
n
o
n
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
an
d
a
li
g
h
t
w
ei
g
h
t
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
lled
SEC
-
DS
R
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
b
lac
k
h
o
le
attac
k
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
ev
er
y
n
o
d
e
in
t
h
e
ad
h
o
c
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
en
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
a
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et,
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
n
o
d
e
id
s
co
n
tain
ed
i
n
th
e
r
o
u
te
f
ield
o
f
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et.
A
l
s
o
w
h
e
n
a
n
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
a
R
R
E
P
c
h
ec
k
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
in
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
d
ec
id
es
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
is
a
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
er
o
r
a
n
o
r
m
al
n
o
d
e.
B
ased
o
n
its
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t,
it
as
s
ig
n
s
a
w
eig
h
t
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
th
e
R
R
E
P
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
all
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
in
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
p
ath
,
ass
ig
n
s
a
w
ei
g
h
t
v
alu
e
f
o
r
th
e
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e.
W
h
en
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
th
e
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
d
ec
id
es
w
h
e
th
er
to
s
elec
t
t
h
at
r
o
u
te
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
r
n
o
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
cu
m
u
lat
iv
e
w
eig
h
t
v
al
u
e
as
s
i
g
n
ed
.
T
h
e
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
il
y
d
ep
lo
y
ed
o
n
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
r
ea
cti
v
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ca
lled
D
y
n
a
m
ic
So
u
r
ce
R
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l;
h
en
ce
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
a
n
d
tes
ted
o
n
D
SR
b
ased
ad
h
o
c
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
m
er
it
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
;
it
d
etec
t
s
th
e
b
lac
k
h
o
le
attac
k
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
co
m
p
u
tati
o
n
al
o
v
er
h
ea
d
an
d
also
w
i
th
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
p
ac
k
e
t lo
s
s
r
ate.
An
ac
cu
s
atio
n
-
b
ased
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
7
]
w
h
er
e
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
ass
i
g
n
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
y
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
s
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
ac
cu
s
at
io
n
s
to
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
w
h
en
it
d
etec
ts
an
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ac
ti
v
it
y
i
n
its
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
.
T
h
e
m
al
ic
io
u
s
n
o
d
es
ce
r
tific
ates
ar
e
r
ev
o
k
ed
w
h
en
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
ac
cu
s
a
tio
n
s
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
a
ass
i
g
n
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
d
etec
tio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
s
o
v
er
h
ea
d
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
a
ls
o
r
eq
u
ir
e
p
r
o
m
i
s
cu
o
u
s
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
w
h
ic
h
r
esu
lts
i
n
f
ast
d
ep
letio
n
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
i
n
n
o
d
es.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
i
n
[
8
]
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
h
o
o
d
w
atc
h
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
,
w
h
i
ch
s
e
n
d
s
ac
c
u
s
a
tio
n
m
es
s
ag
e
s
ab
o
u
t
s
u
s
p
ec
ted
n
o
d
es
to
a
p
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
s
et
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
n
o
d
es.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
o
ller
n
o
d
es
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
d
ec
id
in
g
w
h
et
h
er
a
n
o
d
e
is
an
attac
k
er
o
r
n
o
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
co
m
i
n
g
ac
c
u
s
atio
n
m
e
s
s
a
g
es.
A
f
u
zz
y
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
9
]
f
o
r
tr
u
s
t
p
r
ed
ictio
n
,
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
h
is
to
r
y
o
f
ev
er
y
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
th
in
e
s
s
o
f
a
tr
an
s
m
itter
n
o
d
e.
B
u
t
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
ee
d
s
d
o
m
ai
n
ex
p
er
ts
f
o
r
tu
n
i
n
g
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
an
d
s
etti
n
g
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les.
I
n
[
1
0
]
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
a
tr
u
s
t
b
ias
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
b
y
ta
k
i
n
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
w
e
ig
h
t
s
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
b
ased
o
n
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
a
n
d
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
b
ased
o
n
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
b
y
o
th
er
n
o
d
es.
A
ls
o
th
e
tr
u
s
t
b
ias
is
ad
j
u
s
ted
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
ized
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
t
w
o
w
ei
g
h
ts
.
I
n
[
1
1
]
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
d
ec
is
io
n
f
o
r
p
en
alizi
n
g
t
h
e
m
alic
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u
s
n
o
d
e
is
d
o
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e
u
s
i
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g
a
v
o
ti
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
b
y
o
t
h
er
n
o
d
es i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
[
1
2
]
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
u
s
ed
m
u
ltip
ath
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
d
ef
e
n
d
m
al
icio
u
s
p
ac
k
et
d
r
o
p
p
in
g
in
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Ho
w
ev
er
th
er
e
is
n
o
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
u
g
g
ested
to
i
d
en
tify
th
e
co
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
ed
n
o
d
es i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
[
1
3
]
a
m
et
h
o
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
i
n
v
o
l
v
es
o
n
l
y
ex
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
ets
to
d
etec
t
th
e
b
lac
k
h
o
le
attac
k
.
I
n
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
p
ath
b
y
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
t
h
e
n
ex
t
h
o
p
n
o
d
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
f
r
o
m
R
R
E
P
a
n
d
co
n
f
ir
m
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
n
ex
t
h
o
p
n
o
d
e
ab
o
u
t
its
co
n
n
ec
t
i
v
i
t
y
to
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
i
ate
n
o
d
e
th
a
t
s
e
n
d
s
th
e
r
o
u
te
r
ep
l
y
a
n
d
al
s
o
w
it
h
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
o
f
[
1
4
]
e
m
p
lo
y
s
e
x
p
licit
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
.
Fo
r
ev
er
y
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
l
y
r
ec
eiv
ed
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
s
e
n
d
s
a
n
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
m
e
n
t
b
ac
k
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
I
n
[
1
5
]
a
g
u
ar
d
in
g
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
es
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Her
e
e
v
er
y
n
o
d
e
ac
ts
as
a
G
u
ar
d
n
o
d
e
an
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
its
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
s
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
r
o
u
te
s
elec
ted
.
T
h
e
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
a
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
is
ca
lc
u
lated
b
o
th
b
y
d
ir
ec
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
an
d
also
b
y
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
o
f
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
P
r
o
m
i
s
cu
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
th
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
h
ich
r
es
u
lt
s
in
h
ig
h
er
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
I
n
[
1
6
]
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
b
lack
h
o
le
at
tack
d
etec
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
A
O
DV
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Her
e
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
a
g
iv
e
n
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
is
v
e
r
i
f
ie
d
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
if
it
e
x
ce
ed
s
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
,
t
h
e
r
ep
l
y
in
g
n
o
d
e
is
ta
k
en
as
s
u
s
p
icio
u
s
n
o
d
e.
T
h
en
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
en
d
s
a
f
ak
e
r
eq
u
e
s
t
p
ac
k
et
w
i
th
a
n
o
n
-
e
x
i
s
ten
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
ad
d
r
ess
to
th
e
s
u
s
p
ec
ted
n
o
d
e
an
d
ch
ec
k
s
w
h
e
th
er
it
i
s
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
r
ep
l
y
f
o
r
th
at
f
ak
e
r
eq
u
est
p
ac
k
et
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
s
p
ec
ted
n
o
d
e.
I
n
[
1
7
]
a
s
o
l
u
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
ets
f
o
r
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
e
d
e
tectio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
B
ef
o
r
e
s
en
d
in
g
th
e
d
ata
o
n
th
e
s
elec
ted
p
ath
,
a
d
ata
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
is
s
e
n
t
to
th
e
p
ath
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
ch
ec
k
th
e
p
at
h
v
alid
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
p
r
esen
t
in
t
h
at
p
at
h
w
ill
d
r
o
p
th
e
p
ac
k
et
an
d
in
th
i
s
wa
y
th
e
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
e
is
d
etec
ted
,
else
th
e
p
ath
i
s
ch
o
s
e
n
.
R
o
u
ti
n
g
o
v
er
h
ea
d
is
h
ig
h
er
i
n
th
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
n
[
1
8
]
w
atc
h
d
o
g
m
e
th
o
d
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
n
e
x
t
h
o
p
n
eig
h
b
o
r
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
cr
e
m
en
ts
th
e
f
ail
u
r
e
co
u
n
ts
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e
i
f
i
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
t
h
e
p
ac
k
e
t.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
is
m
ar
k
ed
as a
ttac
k
er
w
h
en
t
h
e
f
ail
u
r
e
co
u
n
t e
x
ce
ed
s
s
o
m
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
an
d
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
i
n
ti
m
ated
to
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e.
I
n
[
1
9
]
,
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
i
n
g
ti
m
er
s
a
n
d
b
ait
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
ets
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
b
lac
k
h
o
le
attac
k
.
T
h
e
b
ait
ti
m
er
o
f
ea
ch
is
s
et
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
an
d
ea
ch
ti
m
e
th
e
ti
m
er
e
x
p
ir
es
th
e
n
o
d
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ts
a
r
eq
u
est
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
a
n
o
n
ex
i
s
te
n
t
n
o
d
e
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
W
h
e
n
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
a
R
R
E
P
f
o
r
th
e
b
ait
r
eq
u
est
i
t
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
m
ar
k
s
t
h
e
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
a
s
a
b
lack
-
h
o
le
an
d
ad
d
s
it
to
t
h
e
b
lac
k
-
h
o
le
l
is
t
.
I
n
[
2
0
]
,
a
v
o
ti
ng
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
is
o
latio
n
o
f
b
lac
k
h
o
le
n
o
d
es
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
is
d
i
v
i
d
ed
in
to
lo
ca
l
an
d
g
lo
b
al
co
n
tex
t.
Dec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
s
u
s
p
icio
u
s
ac
tiv
it
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
lo
ca
l
co
n
tex
t
ar
e
p
ass
ed
to
g
lo
b
al
co
n
tex
t
an
d
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
e
g
lo
b
al
co
n
te
x
t
p
u
n
is
h
es
t
h
e
s
u
s
p
icio
u
s
n
o
d
e.
I
n
[
2
1
]
,
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
E
MA
ODV
w
h
ic
h
is
an
e
x
te
n
s
io
n
o
f
Mu
l
tip
ath
A
d
h
o
c
o
n
De
m
a
n
d
R
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
th
at
u
s
e
s
lo
ca
l
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
ets
to
estab
li
s
h
t
w
o
w
a
y
t
r
u
s
t
o
n
t
h
e
r
o
u
te.
I
n
[
2
2
]
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
cu
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es
to
d
etec
t
p
ac
k
et
d
r
o
p
p
in
g
b
y
m
a
licio
u
s
n
o
d
es
i
n
A
ODV
p
r
o
to
co
l.
As
it
e
m
p
lo
y
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
v
er
h
ea
r
in
g
o
f
n
eig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
p
ar
tici
p
atin
g
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
i
ll
b
e
h
ig
h
er
.
I
n
[
2
3
]
an
tr
u
s
t
m
et
h
o
d
ca
lled
E
SC
T
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
r
ev
en
t
s
ec
u
r
it
y
attac
k
s
.
I
n
E
SC
T
,
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f
s
u
s
p
ec
ted
n
o
d
es
b
y
th
e
m
s
el
v
es
an
d
n
o
tify
its
d
ir
e
ct
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
.
T
h
en
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
f
i
n
d
s
ad
d
itio
n
al
tr
u
s
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
d
is
tin
g
u
i
s
h
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
es.
Si
m
ilar
to
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
E
SC
T
em
p
lo
y
s
s
el
f
d
etec
tio
n
b
u
t
t
h
e
n
it
n
o
tif
ie
s
th
e
tr
u
s
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
all
n
o
d
es
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
ete
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
attac
k
er
th
a
t
r
es
u
lt
s
i
n
h
ig
h
o
v
er
h
ea
d
.
B
u
t
in
SEC
-
D
SR
,
e
v
er
y
n
o
d
e
s
h
ar
es
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
n
l
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
to
r
ed
u
ce
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
v
er
h
ea
d
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
ex
te
n
d
s
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
DS
R
p
r
o
to
co
l
an
d
m
a
k
es
th
e
m
less
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
to
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
s
.
T
h
e
lo
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
av
ailab
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ts
o
f
t
h
e
ad
h
o
c
n
o
d
es
ar
e
tak
e
n
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
p
r
o
to
co
l
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
DS
R
f
o
r
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
i
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
i
s
m
eth
o
d
to
id
en
tify
th
e
b
lac
k
h
o
le
attac
k
.
T
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
i
s
th
at
all
th
e
n
o
d
es
ar
e
leg
iti
m
ate
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
p
r
o
p
er
c
r
ed
en
tials
f
o
r
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
ar
e:
I
f
t
w
o
n
o
d
es
ar
e
in
th
e
co
v
e
r
ag
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
th
e
n
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le;
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
h
o
s
t a
n
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
h
o
s
t o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
ated
tr
af
f
ic
ar
e
al
w
a
y
s
tr
u
s
ted
n
o
d
es.
2
.
1
.
Dy
na
m
ic
s
o
urce
ro
uting
pro
t
o
co
l
T
h
e
t
w
o
m
ai
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
liti
es
o
f
D
y
n
a
m
ic
So
u
r
ce
R
o
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
ar
e
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
an
d
r
o
u
te
m
ai
n
ten
a
n
ce
.
I
n
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
d
i
s
co
v
er
y
p
h
ase
b
et
w
ee
n
an
y
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
an
y
d
es
tin
a
tio
n
,
th
e
R
o
u
te
R
eq
u
est
(
R
R
E
Q)
p
ac
k
ets
ar
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
ed
in
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
h
o
s
t
in
n
ee
d
o
f
d
is
co
v
er
i
n
g
a
f
r
es
h
er
r
o
u
te
to
a
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
W
h
en
th
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
r
ec
ei
v
es
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et,
it
cr
ea
tes
a
R
o
u
te
R
ep
l
y
(
R
R
E
P
)
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
R
R
E
Q
i
t
r
ec
eiv
es
(
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
)
a
n
d
s
en
d
s
i
t
b
ac
k
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
b
y
r
ev
er
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
at
h
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
P
ac
k
et.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
o
n
r
ec
eiv
in
g
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q,
an
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
also
ca
n
cr
ea
te
a
n
d
s
e
n
d
th
e
R
R
E
P
b
ac
k
to
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
if
it
h
as
a
p
ath
to
r
ea
ch
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
ec
u
r
e
d
yn
a
mic
s
o
u
r
ce
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l fo
r
d
efe
n
d
in
g
b
la
ck
h
o
le
a
tta
ck
s
in
mo
b
ile
A
d
…
(
M.
Mo
h
a
n
a
p
r
iya
)
585
DSR
p
r
o
to
co
l
also
h
as
R
o
u
te
m
ai
n
ten
a
n
ce
p
h
ase
w
h
er
e
th
e
lin
k
b
r
ea
k
s
ar
e
h
an
d
led
.
A
lin
k
b
r
ea
k
o
cc
u
r
s
af
ter
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
r
o
u
te
w
h
e
n
a
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
n
o
d
e
in
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
m
o
v
es
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
its
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
.
T
h
en
th
e
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
s
en
d
s
a
r
o
u
te
er
r
o
r
(
R
E
R
R
)
m
es
s
ag
e
b
ac
k
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
ab
o
u
t
th
e
l
in
k
b
r
ea
k
.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
eith
er
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
s
d
ata
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
alter
n
ate
p
at
h
av
ai
lab
le
o
r
if
n
o
p
ath
av
ailab
le
t
h
en
i
n
it
iates a
g
ain
th
e
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
p
h
ase.
2
.
2
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
m
et
ho
d
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
,
an
y
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
a
R
R
E
P
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
w
ill
ass
i
g
n
a
w
ei
g
h
t
to
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
th
at
cr
ea
tes
an
d
s
e
n
d
th
e
R
o
u
te
R
ep
l
y
o
n
b
eh
al
f
o
f
a
n
y
d
es
tin
a
tio
n
h
o
s
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
ad
ap
ts
th
e
s
am
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
DS
R
f
o
r
th
e
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
i.e
.
,
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
th
e
d
es
tin
atio
n
.
A
s
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
,
i
n
itial
l
y
a
n
y
h
o
s
t
n
ee
d
s
to
s
e
n
d
d
ata
to
an
y
o
th
er
h
o
s
t,
it
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ts
a
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
to
f
i
n
d
r
o
u
te
f
o
r
t
h
at
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
o
n
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
w
ill
eit
h
er
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et,
o
r
d
r
o
p
s
th
e
p
ac
k
et
a
n
d
s
en
d
R
R
E
P
if
t
h
e
y
h
av
e
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
to
th
a
t
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
es
tin
a
tio
n
.
A
l
s
o
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
,
all
n
o
d
es
m
a
in
tai
n
a
tab
l
e
n
a
m
ed
as
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
tab
le.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
r
e
ce
iv
i
n
g
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
s
en
ter
s
th
e
n
o
d
e
id
s
o
f
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
air
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
in
th
e
tab
le
alo
n
g
w
i
th
th
e
n
o
d
e
id
s
o
f
all
th
e
n
o
d
es
in
v
o
l
v
ed
s
o
f
ar
in
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
e
s
t
p
ac
k
et
.
W
h
en
a
R
R
E
P
co
m
es
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
R
R
E
Q,
e
v
er
y
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
v
er
i
f
ies
i
f
t
h
e
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
is
a
n
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
o
r
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e.
I
f
t
h
e
r
ep
ly
is
f
r
o
m
a
n
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e,
th
en
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
ch
ec
k
in
t
h
eir
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
tab
le,
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
is
in
v
o
l
v
ed
i
n
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
air
.
I
f
s
o
,
t
h
en
it
w
i
ll
b
e
a
s
s
i
g
n
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
eig
h
t
1
.
I
f
n
o
t,
th
e
n
th
e
n
o
d
es
r
ec
eiv
in
g
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
ch
ec
k
in
th
eir
tab
le,
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iat
e
n
o
d
e
th
at
g
e
n
er
ated
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
is
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
a
n
y
o
th
er
s
o
u
r
c
e
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
air
.
I
f
s
o
,
t
h
en
its
n
o
d
e
id
is
p
r
esen
t
i
n
t
h
e
tab
le,
a
n
d
h
e
n
ce
it
w
ill
b
e
as
s
i
g
n
ed
w
i
th
th
e
weig
h
t
o
f
0
.
5
.
A
s
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
is
to
d
r
o
p
all
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
ets
i
t
r
ec
eiv
es
a
n
d
to
s
en
d
a
R
R
E
P
im
m
ed
iatel
y
f
o
r
ev
er
y
R
R
E
Q
it
r
ec
eiv
e
s
,
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
id
o
f
th
e
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
w
il
l
n
o
t
p
r
ese
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
tab
le
o
f
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
an
d
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t
as
s
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
b
y
o
t
h
er
n
o
d
es
f
o
r
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
w
i
ll
b
e
al
w
a
y
s
0
.
Fo
r
ex
,
th
e
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
tab
le
m
a
in
ta
in
ed
b
y
n
o
d
e
X
is
g
iv
en
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
F
r
o
m
t
h
e
cu
m
u
lati
v
e
w
ei
g
h
t
v
al
u
e
as
s
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
ep
ly
i
n
g
n
o
d
e,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
ca
lcu
lates
it
s
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e.
I
f
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
r
ep
ly
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
is
b
elo
w
0
.
5
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e,
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
d
r
o
p
s
th
e
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
an
d
s
elec
t
s
t
h
e
n
ex
t
R
R
E
P
w
it
h
as
s
ig
n
ed
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e
e
x
ce
ed
s
o
r
eq
u
al
s
0
.
5
.
I
f
th
e
R
R
E
P
co
m
e
s
f
r
o
m
d
e
s
tin
a
tio
n
n
o
d
e,
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
R
R
E
P
d
o
es
n
o
t
v
er
if
y
th
e
t
ab
le
an
d
d
ir
ec
tl
y
as
s
i
g
n
s
w
ei
g
h
t
v
alu
e
1
f
o
r
th
e
r
ep
ly
i
n
g
n
o
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
p
h
a
s
e
T
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
les
m
ai
n
tai
n
e
d
b
y
ea
c
h
ad
h
o
c
n
o
d
e
ar
e
p
er
io
d
ically
r
ef
r
es
h
ed
i
n
r
ea
cti
v
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
s
in
ce
th
e
ad
h
o
c
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
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an
d
th
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et
w
o
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k
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lo
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y
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ill
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e
co
n
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ta
n
tl
y
ch
an
g
i
n
g
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
th
e
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
tab
le
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ad
h
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c
n
o
d
es i
s
al
s
o
p
er
io
d
ically
r
ef
r
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ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
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b
s
er
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e
th
e
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
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f
n
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es
f
r
o
m
t
i
m
e
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e.
I
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
,
T
h
e
h
o
s
t
w
it
h
n
o
d
e
id
1
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ts
a
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
to
d
is
co
v
er
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o
u
te
f
o
r
a
n
o
th
er
h
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t
w
it
h
n
o
d
e
id
9
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
n
o
d
es
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
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f
o
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it
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ill
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9
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e
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also
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en
d
s
a
R
R
E
P
b
ac
k
to
th
e
s
o
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r
ce
n
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h
e
r
o
u
te
r
ep
l
y
p
ac
k
e
t
R
R
E
P
f
r
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m
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
1
0
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ea
ch
es
n
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d
e
1
f
ir
s
t.
I
n
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
g
iv
e
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
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e
is
th
e
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e
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t
h
o
p
n
o
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e
f
o
r
No
d
e
1
0
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en
ce
th
e
s
o
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r
ce
n
o
d
e
w
h
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it
r
ec
ei
v
es
th
e
R
R
E
P
,
it
ch
ec
k
s
its
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
tab
le
an
d
id
en
t
if
i
es
th
at
n
o
d
e
1
0
i
s
n
o
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
in
a
n
y
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
n
d
h
e
n
ce
ass
i
g
n
s
a
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
0
to
th
e
r
ep
ly
i
n
g
n
o
d
e.
T
h
en
f
o
r
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
f
r
o
m
a
n
o
th
er
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
8
,
b
o
th
t
h
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
n
o
d
es
5
a
n
d
2
a
s
w
e
ll
as
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
1
ad
d
s
t
h
e
w
eig
h
t
v
a
lu
e
as
0
in
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
.
T
h
e
tr
u
s
t
v
a
lu
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
th
e
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
es
8
an
d
1
0
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
u
m
u
la
tiv
e
w
ei
g
h
t
v
alu
e
is
b
elo
w
0
.
5
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e,
s
o
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
1
ig
n
o
r
es
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
co
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
a
n
d
s
elec
t
s
th
e
n
e
x
t
R
R
E
P
co
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
9
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
ta
b
le
o
f
No
d
e
X
S
o
u
r
c
e
N
o
d
e
i
n
R
R
EQ
D
e
st
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
N
o
d
e
i
n
R
R
EQ
N
o
d
e
s i
n
R
R
EQ
P
a
t
h
A
B
G
I
A
,
B
,
G
,
D
G
,
H
,
B
,
A
,
F
T
h
e
cu
m
u
lati
v
e
w
ei
g
h
t
v
al
u
e
an
d
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
r
ep
l
y
in
g
n
o
d
e
is
ca
lc
u
lated
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
C
u
m
u
lati
v
e
w
ei
g
h
t v
al
u
e
=
∑
(
1
)
I
n
(
1
)
W
ij
is
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
as
s
ig
n
ed
b
y
n
o
d
e
i
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
j
.
A
s
s
u
m
i
n
g
k
n
o
d
es
i
n
th
e
R
R
E
P
p
ath
,
k
-
1
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es a
n
d
th
e
k
th
n
o
d
e
as so
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e,
i v
ar
ies f
r
o
m
1
to
k
.
T
r
u
s
t V
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
R
ep
l
y
in
g
n
o
d
e
j
is
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
w
s
b
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e:
T
r
u
s
t V
alu
e
(
T
j
)
=
C
u
m
u
lati
v
e
W
eig
h
t
v
alu
e
/ T
o
tal
No
.
o
f
n
o
d
es in
R
R
E
P
p
ath
(
2
)
I
f
T
j
>=
0
.
5
,
th
e
r
o
u
te
is
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets;
o
th
er
w
i
s
e
n
o
t
s
elec
ted
.
P
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
1
d
ep
icts
th
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
w
h
en
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
s
.
P
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
2
e
x
p
lain
s
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
n
o
d
es
w
h
e
n
r
ec
eiv
in
g
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
ets.
P
ro
ce
du
re
1
:
Act
io
n o
f
no
de
s
in f
o
rw
a
rding
RREQ
pa
c
ket
s
if
s
o
u
r
ce
h
o
s
t
Gen
er
ate
a
R
R
E
Q
co
n
tr
o
l p
ac
k
et
an
d
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t it
to
f
in
d
r
o
u
te
to
r
ea
ch
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
h
o
s
t.
else if
a
n
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
if
a
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
i
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
1)
Fo
r
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
–
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
air
in
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et,
e
n
ter
s
th
e
n
o
d
e
id
s
in
th
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ath
in
to
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
tab
le.
2)
C
h
ec
k
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
ath
to
r
ea
ch
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
i
n
its
r
o
u
t
in
g
tab
le.
a)
I
f
f
o
u
n
d
,
d
r
o
p
R
R
E
Q
an
d
s
en
d
b
ac
k
a
R
R
E
P
b
ac
k
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
r
o
u
te.
b)
I
f
n
o
t f
o
u
n
d
,
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
e
R
R
E
Q
to
its
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es.
else if
a
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
On
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
a
R
R
E
Q,
d
r
o
p
s
it
s
e
n
d
a
R
R
E
P
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
t
o
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
h
o
s
t
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
ath
f
r
o
m
w
h
er
e
it r
ec
eiv
e
s
th
e
R
R
E
Q.
else
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
n
o
d
e
Dr
o
p
s
R
R
E
Q,
cr
ea
te
an
d
s
en
d
a
R
R
E
P
b
ac
k
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
h
o
s
t.
end if
P
ro
ce
du
re
2
:
Act
io
n o
f
no
de
s
w
hen r
ec
eiv
ing
RREP
P
a
ck
et
s
if
n
o
t t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
h
o
s
t (
an
y
o
th
er
n
o
d
es)
W
h
en
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
is
r
ec
eiv
e
d
1)
C
h
ec
k
s
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
R
R
E
P
is
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
d
esti
n
atio
n
h
o
s
t o
r
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e.
2)
if
R
R
E
P
is
s
e
n
t b
y
an
i
n
ter
m
e
d
iate
n
o
d
e:
a)
Ver
if
y
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
r
ep
l
y
in
g
n
o
d
e
is
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
a
n
y
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
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y
ch
ec
k
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R
R
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Q
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g
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le
b)
A
d
d
to
t
h
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ex
i
s
ti
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ei
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t
v
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lu
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a
w
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t
o
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i
f
t
h
e
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l
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g
n
o
d
e
is
in
v
o
l
v
ed
in
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
o
u
r
ce
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d
esti
n
atio
n
p
air
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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(
M.
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587
c)
I
f
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o
t,
ad
d
a
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
0
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5
to
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
v
a
lu
e
o
f
t
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r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e,
if
th
e
r
ep
l
y
in
g
n
o
d
e
is
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
u
t f
o
r
s
o
m
e
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h
er
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r
ce
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
air
s
.
d)
I
f
t
h
e
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ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
i
s
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o
t
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
a
n
y
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Q
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o
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g
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ad
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a
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eig
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t o
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a
n
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th
e
n
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o
r
w
ar
d
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t
h
e
R
R
E
P
.
3)
else if
r
ep
ly
i
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
est
in
atio
n
n
o
d
e
a)
A
d
d
a
w
e
ig
h
t o
f
1
to
th
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
w
e
ig
h
t
v
alu
e
i
n
t
h
e
R
o
u
te
R
E
P
l
y
p
ac
k
et
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
it.
else
if
s
o
u
r
ce
h
o
s
t
On
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
a
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
A.
if
r
ep
ly
f
r
o
m
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
s
e
n
d
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets i
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
ath
.
B.
else if
r
ep
ly
f
r
o
m
a
n
in
ter
m
ed
i
ate
n
o
d
e
a)
A
d
d
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
1
o
r
0
.
5
to
th
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
w
ei
g
h
t
v
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e
o
f
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r
ep
l
y
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n
g
n
o
d
e
b
ased
o
n
it
s
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
b)
C
alcu
late
T
r
u
s
t v
al
u
e
(
T
j
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
(
s
a
y
n
o
d
e
j
)
u
s
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
2
)
.
c)
I
f
T
j
>=
0
.
5
,
th
e
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
is
ac
ce
p
ted
an
d
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
ath
.
d)
I
f
T
j
<0
.
5
,
th
e
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
i
s
n
o
t
ac
ce
p
ted
an
d
t
h
e
s
o
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r
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h
o
s
t
ac
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ts
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h
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n
e
x
t
R
R
E
P
w
i
t
h
T
j
>=
0
.
5
.
e)
I
n
itiates
b
lac
k
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
is
o
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
end if
2
.
3
.
B
la
ck
ho
le
no
de
is
o
la
t
io
n
On
ce
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
co
n
cl
u
d
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
tr
u
s
t
v
a
lu
e
a
n
d
s
u
s
p
ec
ts
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
ep
l
y
in
g
n
o
d
e
m
a
y
b
e
a
b
lack
h
o
le
at
tack
er
,
th
e
n
it
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
th
e
s
u
s
p
ec
ted
n
o
d
e
id
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
t
h
e
en
tire
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
y
s
en
d
i
n
g
a
B
HN
(
B
lack
Ho
le
No
d
e)
p
ac
k
et.
A
ll
n
o
d
es
r
ec
eiv
in
g
t
h
e
B
HN
p
ac
k
et,
c
h
ec
k
s
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
n
o
d
e
id
m
en
tio
n
ed
i
n
B
HN
p
ac
k
et
i
s
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
its
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
tab
le,
i
f
n
o
t,
i
t c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
as
b
lack
h
o
le
an
d
r
e
m
o
v
e
i
ts
e
n
tr
y
f
r
o
m
it
s
r
o
u
ti
n
g
tab
le
an
d
d
i
s
ca
r
d
s
an
y
p
ac
k
et
s
co
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
it.
S
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
t
h
e
is
o
latio
n
o
f
b
lac
k
h
o
le
n
o
d
es i
s
co
llectiv
el
y
d
o
n
e
i
n
th
e
n
et
wo
r
k
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
S
CU
SS
I
O
N
Ns2
is
u
s
ed
as
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
o
l
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
.
5
0
leg
iti
m
ate
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
es
ex
ec
u
t
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
w
er
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
,
an
d
a
co
u
p
le
o
f
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
er
s
,
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
s
elec
ted
to
lau
n
ch
t
h
e
att
ac
k
.
Fo
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
th
e
to
tal
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
ea
u
s
ed
i
s
1
5
0
0
X
1
5
0
0
m
2
.
T
o
tally
5
0
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
ad
h
o
c
n
et
w
o
r
k
ea
c
h
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
R
a
n
d
o
m
Mo
b
ilit
y
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es
m
o
v
e
in
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
2
0
m
/
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
al
y
s
is
,
o
u
t
o
f
5
0
n
o
d
es,
0
t
o
2
0
n
o
d
es
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
s
el
ec
ted
as
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
es
f
o
r
ev
er
y
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
1
0
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
air
s
a
r
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
atin
g
d
ata
tr
af
f
ic.
UDP
-
C
B
R
(
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t
B
it
R
ate)
is
t
h
e
d
at
a
tr
af
f
ic
t
y
p
e
s
e
lecte
d
f
o
r
d
ata
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
An
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
1
0
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
r
esu
lt
s
tak
e
n
to
r
ep
r
esen
t th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
d
ata.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
is
al
s
o
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
an
o
t
h
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
g
iv
en
in
[
2
3
]
,
w
h
er
e
e
v
er
y
n
o
d
e
d
etec
ts
t
h
e
t
r
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
o
n
o
t
h
er
n
o
d
es
b
y
it
s
elf
.
Si
m
ilar
to
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
DSR
is
s
elec
ted
a
s
th
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
in
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
is
ev
al
u
ated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
etr
ics
li
k
e
P
ac
k
et
Deliv
er
y
R
atio
,
R
o
u
t
in
g
o
v
er
h
ea
d
,
E
n
d
t
o
E
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
d
ela
y
an
d
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
y
n
o
d
es
is
esti
m
ated
u
s
i
n
g
a
w
ir
ele
s
s
r
ad
io
m
o
d
el
as
g
iv
e
n
i
n
[
2
3
-
2
5
]
.
L
et
et
an
d
er
b
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
s
e
n
d
er
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
er
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
n
J
/b
it.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
a
n
o
d
e
w
h
e
n
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
a
o
n
e
b
it d
ata
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
elo
w
:
=
et
+
c.
d
2
(
3
)
I
n
th
e
(
3
)
,
'
c
'
is
t
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
J
/b
it/
m
2
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
d
is
s
et
to
2
5
0
m
(
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
a
n
o
d
e)
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
et
an
d
er
ar
e
s
et
to
5
0
n
J
/b
it.
A
ls
o
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
c
is
s
et
to
1
0
p
J
/b
it/
m
2
as
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
in
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
r
ec
eiv
in
g
o
n
e
b
it d
ata
b
y
a
n
o
d
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
E
r
x
=
er
(
4
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
p
ac
k
ets
r
e
ce
i
v
ed
b
y
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
es
i
n
DS
R
,
E
SC
T
an
d
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
Sec
u
r
e
DSR
(
Sec
-
D
SR
)
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
et
u
p
.
T
h
e
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
er
y
r
atio
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
5
8
2
-
5
90
588
f
o
r
DS
R
d
r
o
p
s
alar
m
i
n
g
l
y
w
it
h
o
n
l
y
5
b
lac
k
h
o
le
n
o
d
es
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
attr
ac
ts
al
l
t
h
e
d
ata
tr
af
f
ic
to
w
ar
d
s
its
el
f
an
d
d
r
o
p
s
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
e
ts
.
So
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
d
eli
v
er
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ated
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ata
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n
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itted
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n
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er
th
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k
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e
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t
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g
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i
n
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s
ar
o
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n
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s
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cr
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ase
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m
atel
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m
p
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s
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g
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3
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n
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h
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w
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ate
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u
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2
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te
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g
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ob
id
ik
e
,
G
.
C.
,
N
wa
b
u
e
z
e
,
C.
A
.
a
n
d
On
u
z
u
li
k
e
,
V
.
C.
,
“
Co
n
c
e
p
t
A
n
d
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
O
f
M
o
b
i
le
A
d
-
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
Of
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
An
d
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
-
1
4
2
,
M
a
r
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
A
.
M
e
h
ra
n
,
W
.
T
a
d
e
u
sz
,
D,
"
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s"
,
Ad
Ho
c
Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
2
,
F
e
b
2
0
0
4
.
[3
]
V
o
n
M
u
lert
J,
W
e
lch
I,
S
e
a
h
WK,
"
S
e
c
u
rit
y
th
re
a
ts
a
n
d
so
lu
ti
o
n
s
in
M
A
NE
T
s:
a
c
a
se
stu
d
y
u
sin
g
AO
DV
a
n
d
S
A
OD
V
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ne
two
rk
s a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
9
-
1
2
5
9
,
F
e
b
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
G
a
r
c
ia
T
e
o
d
o
ro
P
,
S
a
n
c
h
e
z
Ca
sa
d
o
L
,
M
a
c
ia
F
e
rn
a
n
d
e
z
G
,
"
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
a
n
d
h
o
li
stic
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
se
c
u
rit
y
a
tt
a
c
k
s
in
M
A
NE
T
s
"
,
CRC
Pre
ss
, p
p
.
1
-
1
2
,
A
p
r
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
D.B.
Jo
h
n
so
n
,
A
.
D.
M
a
lt
z
,
J.
Br
o
c
h
,
"
DSR:
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
so
u
rc
e
ro
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ti
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N.C.
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6
]
Jh
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7
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9
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4
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.
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1
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H.
X
ia,
J.
Yu
,
C.
L
.
T
ian
,
Z.
K.
P
a
n
,
a
n
d
E.
S
h
a
,
“
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h
t
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J
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Ne
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2
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.
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ro
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t
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Ne
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ti
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ls
,
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3
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.
2
0
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5
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.
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3
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Ju
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Ha
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Jo
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Ch
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Ag
a
in
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ti
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Disru
p
ti
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s in
M
A
NET
s
”
,
IEE
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r
a
n
sa
c
ti
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n
s
On
M
o
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Co
mp
u
t
in
g
, v
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l
.
1
8
,
p
p
.
4
2
-
5
5
,
Ja
n
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
W
.
B.
He
in
z
e
l
m
a
n
,
A
.
P
.
Ch
a
n
d
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k
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s
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n
,
a
n
d
H.
Ba
lak
rish
n
a
n
,
“
A
n
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p
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ti
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n
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sp
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c
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ro
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c
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c
tu
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f
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r
w
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m
icro
se
n
so
r
n
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tw
o
rk
s”
,
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
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W
ire
les
s Co
mm
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n
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l.
1
,
p
p
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6
6
0
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Oc
t
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2
.
[2
5
]
P
.
Zh
o
u
,
S
.
Jia
n
g
,
A
.
Irissa
p
p
a
n
e
,
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
J.
Z
h
o
u
,
a
n
d
J.
C
.
M
.
T
e
o
,
“
T
o
w
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rd
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n
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
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e
n
t
tru
st
sy
ste
m
th
ro
u
g
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w
a
tch
d
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p
ti
m
iza
ti
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f
o
r
W
S
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,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
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In
fo
rm
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F
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S
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l.
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