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m
o
n
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t
r
at
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a g
o
o
d
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s
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ai
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ab
l
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r
act
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ce o
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I
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eg
r
at
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P
es
t
M
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
(
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P
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s
ys
t
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m
a
n
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e
r
o
b
ur
ni
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g t
e
c
hn
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q
ue
.
H
o
w
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ve
r
a
c
c
o
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d
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ng
t
o
t
he
i
nd
us
t
r
y p
l
a
y
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r
s
,
t
he
I
P
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y
s
t
e
m
w
as
u
n
ab
l
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co
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t
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t
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ci
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e o
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d
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w
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ag
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e as
w
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l
.
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s
s
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ch
,
a
m
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s
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f
b
et
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s
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ai
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l
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w
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s
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eed
ed
t
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e t
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p
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el
i
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ar
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t
u
d
y
w
as
c
a
r
r
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a
r
2014 i
n
r
e
g
a
r
ds
t
o t
h
e
m
a
n
i
pu
l
a
t
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on
of
t
e
c
hn
ol
og
i
e
s
f
or
t
h
e
s
us
t
a
i
n
a
bl
e
de
v
e
l
opm
e
n
t
o
f
oi
l
pa
l
m
i
n
dus
t
r
y
.
T
h
e
a
f
or
e
s
a
i
d c
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
hi
gh
l
i
g
ht
e
d t
w
o i
m
por
t
an
t
i
s
s
u
es
:
t
h
e
m
o
n
o
p
o
l
i
zat
i
o
n
o
f
aer
i
al
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
M
al
a
y
s
i
a a
n
d
t
h
e h
i
g
h
ad
o
p
t
i
o
n
co
s
t
,
w
h
er
eb
y
t
h
es
e t
w
o
i
s
s
u
es
b
eco
m
e c
h
al
l
en
g
e
s
f
o
r
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e p
l
a
n
t
at
i
o
n
s
m
al
l
an
d
m
ed
i
u
m
h
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er
s
f
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m
en
g
a
g
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t
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ef
f
ect
i
v
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f
er
t
i
l
i
zer
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e,
t
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aer
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al
ap
p
l
i
cat
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t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
u
t
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ze
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n
cep
t
s
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as
V
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an
d
G
P
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.
T
o
r
es
o
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e s
u
c
h
i
s
s
u
e,
a s
y
s
t
e
m
o
f
O
il P
a
l
m
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t S
y
s
te
m
(
O
P
A
M
S
)
w
e
r
e
in
tr
o
d
u
c
e
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
W
h
er
e t
h
e i
d
eas
o
f
s
u
ch
i
n
t
eg
r
at
i
o
n
i
s
ad
o
p
t
ed
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
p
r
eci
s
i
o
n
t
ech
n
o
l
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g
y
ap
p
lic
a
tio
n
i
n
a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
i
nd
u
s
t
r
y
s
uc
h a
s
g
r
a
p
e
vi
ne
vi
r
t
i
c
u
l
t
ur
e
[3
]
.
T
h
er
e ar
e m
a
n
y
o
t
h
er
s
u
s
t
ai
n
ab
l
e ag
r
i
cu
l
t
u
r
e t
er
m
s
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
e
s
o
f
t
e
c
h
no
l
o
g
y a
d
va
nc
e
m
e
nt
e
l
e
m
e
nt
s
i
n i
t
,
s
uc
h a
s
“
ho
l
i
s
t
i
c
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
”
,
S
i
t
e
-
S
p
e
c
if
ic
M
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
,
r
i
ce
i
n
t
e
g
r
at
ed
cr
o
p
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
an
d
p
r
eci
s
i
o
n
ag
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e.
A
l
l
t
h
e
t
er
m
s
h
av
e
o
n
e
g
o
al
,
t
o
ach
i
ev
e
s
u
s
t
ai
n
ab
i
l
i
t
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
cr
o
p
s
p
r
o
d
u
ct
i
o
n
.
T
h
e p
r
eci
s
i
o
n
ag
r
i
cu
l
t
u
r
e cy
c
l
e co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
m
a
ny
s
t
a
g
e
s
w
hi
c
h
i
n
c
l
u
de
s
s
oi
l
m
a
ppi
ng
,
c
r
op
c
on
di
t
i
o
n
m
a
ppi
ng
,
s
oi
l
c
on
di
t
i
o
n
m
a
ppi
n
g
,
y
i
e
l
d m
a
ppi
n
g,
d
at
a an
al
y
s
i
s
,
a
n
d t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
m
a
p
m
ode
l
l
i
ng
,
a
n
d a
ppl
i
e
d G
P
S
on a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
a
u
t
o
m
obi
l
e
s
s
u
c
h a
s
t
r
a
c
t
or
s
[4
]
.
M
e
a
n
w
h
ile
m
illio
n
s
o
f
p
e
o
p
le
r
e
ly
o
n
p
a
l
m
o
il to
f
e
e
d
th
e
ir
f
a
m
ilie
s
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
ir
liv
e
lih
o
o
d
s
.
D
e
m
a
n
d
fo
r
e
di
bl
e
oi
l
w
i
l
l
c
on
t
i
nu
e
t
o g
r
o
w
a
s
t
h
e
w
or
l
d popu
l
a
t
i
on
a
ppr
oa
c
h
e
s
9 bi
l
l
i
on
by
2050
[5
]
.
P
r
eci
s
i
o
n
f
ar
m
i
n
g
h
a
s
b
een
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
ed
as
a
m
ean
s
o
f
s
t
r
at
eg
i
c
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
ag
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
al
cr
o
p
s
o
n
a s
m
al
l
er
s
cal
e t
h
a
n
t
o
t
al
f
ar
m
ar
ea,
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
an
d
ag
r
o
n
o
m
i
c
kno
w
-
h
o
w
[6
]
.
I
n
m
a
na
ge
m
e
n
t
,
o
ne
o
f
t
he
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
nt
i
s
t
o
m
a
na
ge
t
he
i
nf
o
r
m
a
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
a
s
w
e
ll.
I
n
th
e
p
r
e
c
is
io
n
a
g
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
e
,
th
e
m
o
s
t i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
is
t
h
e
G
I
S
a
n
d
t
h
e
y
ie
ld
m
a
p
p
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
w
hi
c
h
t
h
e
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
n
d t
he
da
t
a
de
c
i
de
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
ha
n
g
e
s
i
n i
t
s
pr
odu
c
t
i
on
t
h
r
oug
h
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
nt
o
f
c
h
e
m
ic
a
l f
e
r
tiliz
er
s
a
n
d
h
er
b
i
ci
d
e as
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
o
t
h
er
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
o
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
e
c
is
io
n
a
g
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
e
.
R
o
b
o
t s
im
u
la
tio
n
s
w
e
r
e
u
s
e
d
to
o
f
o
r
th
e
a
c
tiv
itie
s
in
p
r
e
c
is
io
n
a
g
r
ic
u
l
tu
r
e
[7
]
.
T
he
a
d
va
nc
e
m
e
nt
o
f
t
e
c
hno
l
o
gi
e
s
ha
s
s
i
nc
e
c
ha
nge
d
t
he
p
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
i
nd
us
t
r
y
.
H
o
w
e
ve
r
p
as
t
r
es
ear
ch
es
an
d
s
t
u
d
i
es
d
i
d
n
o
t
f
u
l
l
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
r
ad
d
r
es
s
f
o
r
t
h
e ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
o
f
a
ll p
r
e
c
is
io
n
a
g
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
e
e
le
m
e
n
ts
i
n
th
e
o
il p
a
l
m
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
e
M
a
la
y
s
ia
o
il p
a
lm
in
d
u
s
tr
y
la
c
k
s
o
f
p
r
e
c
is
io
n
a
g
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
e
t
e
c
h
n
ol
o
gy
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d de
v
e
l
opm
e
n
t
i
n
a
w
h
ol
e
.
T
h
e
pr
e
c
i
s
i
on
t
e
c
h
n
ol
ogy
of
O
P
A
M
S
m
ode
l
r
e
v
ol
v
e
s
on
t
he
i
d
e
a
a
s
s
ho
w
n i
n t
h
e
F
i
g
u
r
e 1
.
F
i
g
ur
e
1
.
R
o
ad
m
ap
t
h
e s
u
s
t
ai
n
ab
l
e ag
r
i
cu
l
t
u
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
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&
C
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c
i
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
E
v
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i
on of
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on A
gr
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t
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C
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put
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Sus
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O
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…
(
K.
C.
G
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h
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727
2.
P
R
EC
I
S
IO
N
A
G
R
IC
U
LTU
R
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H
N
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LO
G
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ES
T
h
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te
c
h
n
o
lo
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s
i
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p
r
e
c
is
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n
f
a
r
m
i
n
g
a
r
e
m
a
d
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u
p
o
f
G
lo
b
a
l P
o
s
itio
n
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
(
G
P
S
)
,
y
ie
ld
m
o
n
i
t
or
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
a
ppi
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,
g
r
i
d s
oi
l
s
a
m
pl
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ng
a
n
d v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
-
r
a
te
f
e
r
tiliz
e
r
(
V
R
T
)
a
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
,
r
e
m
o
te
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
,
c
r
o
p
s
c
o
ut
i
ng,
a
nd
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
[8
-
10]
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
bi
o
m
a
s
s
m
ode
l
f
or
pa
l
m
oi
l
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
e
m
ot
e
s
e
ns
i
ng
t
e
c
hn
ol
ogy
us
e
d i
n t
h
e
m
a
ppi
ng
i
s
t
h
r
ou
gh
s
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
.
T
e
c
h
n
ol
ogy
g
a
p
f
or
t
h
e
s
t
u
di
e
s
i
n a
ppl
y
i
n
g U
A
V
t
o V
R
T
i
n pr
e
c
i
s
i
on f
a
r
m
i
n
g a
r
e
f
ou
n
d
a
s
we
l
l
[
11]
.
I
f
i
s
f
oun
d t
h
a
t
m
os
t
of
t
h
e
r
es
ear
ch
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
ap
p
l
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ed
i
n
p
r
eci
s
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a
g
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cu
l
t
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r
e co
n
cer
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
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u
s
e o
f
r
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m
o
t
e s
e
n
s
i
n
g
w
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t
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th
e
a
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
a
u
to
m
o
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le
s
a
n
d
s
a
te
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te
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t i
m
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th
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d
a
ta
a
n
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l
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is
s
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h
a
s
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D
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s
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a
p
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y
ie
ld
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
h
er
e ar
e s
ev
er
al
t
y
p
es
o
f
P
A
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e co
m
m
o
n
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e ar
e u
s
ed
t
o
g
en
er
at
e
m
ap
s
(
e.
g
.
y
i
el
d
,
s
o
il)
; s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
to
f
il
te
r
in
g
c
o
lle
c
te
d
d
a
ta
; s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
t
o
g
e
n
er
at
e v
ar
i
ab
l
e r
at
e ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
m
ap
s
(
e.
g
.
f
o
r
f
er
t
i
l
i
zer
,
l
i
m
e,
c
h
e
m
i
cal
s
)
;
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e t
o
o
v
er
l
a
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
m
ap
s
;
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e ad
v
an
ced
g
eo
-
s
t
at
i
s
t
i
cal
f
eat
u
r
es
.
I
n
s
u
s
t
ai
n
ab
l
e ag
r
i
cu
l
t
u
r
e,
t
h
er
e ar
e m
an
y
av
ai
l
ab
l
e an
d
ap
p
l
i
ed
t
o
o
l
s
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
G
P
S
(
G
lo
b
a
l
P
os
i
t
i
on
i
ng
S
y
s
t
e
m
)
,
V
R
T
(
V
a
r
i
a
bl
e
R
a
t
e
T
e
c
hn
ol
ogy
)
,
S
e
n
s
or
s
,
M
on
i
t
or
s
,
m
a
ppi
ng
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
r
es
ear
ch
es
o
f
co
n
d
u
ct
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
at
a co
l
l
ect
i
o
n
f
o
r
N
D
V
I
b
u
t
j
u
s
t
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e d
at
a
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
M
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
ear
ch
es
’
N
D
V
I
d
at
a d
i
d
n
’
t
f
o
cu
s
on
t
h
e
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
on
of
t
e
c
h
n
ol
ogy
us
e
d f
or
N
D
V
I
da
t
a
c
ol
l
e
c
t
i
on
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
th
e
U
A
V
,
tr
a
c
to
r
,
o
r
s
a
te
llite
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t r
e
m
o
te
s
e
n
s
in
g
a
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
u
tiliz
a
t
io
n
o
f
s
at
el
l
i
t
e r
at
h
er
t
h
a
n
t
h
e aer
i
al
o
n
es
[
12]
T
h
e m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
i
n
d
i
cat
o
r
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e p
r
eci
s
i
o
n
a
g
r
i
cu
l
t
u
r
e ar
e t
h
er
m
a
l
r
ead
i
n
g
s
an
d
N
D
V
I
.
T
h
e
G
I
S
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
pr
ov
i
de
s
t
h
e
f
unc
t
i
on
s
a
n
d t
ool
s
n
e
e
de
d t
o s
t
or
e
,
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
,
a
n
d di
s
pl
a
y
g
e
o
gr
a
p
hi
c
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n.
T
h
e
G
I
S
is
h
e
lp
f
u
l i
n
d
e
te
r
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
p
la
n
ts
’
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
,
t
h
e
s
o
il c
o
n
d
itio
n
,
f
o
r
m
u
la
te
s
t
h
e
G
e
n
e
r
a
tin
g
H
i
g
h
R
es
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
D
S
M
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
accu
r
acy
o
f
cr
o
p
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
I
n
r
ecen
t
y
ear
s
,
m
a
n
y
r
es
ear
c
h
er
s
h
av
e ap
p
l
i
ed
w
i
r
el
es
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
[
13]
.
T
h
es
e s
y
s
t
e
m
s
ar
e u
s
ef
u
l
p
ar
t
i
cu
l
ar
l
y
i
n
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
p
es
t
i
c
i
d
es
,
l
i
m
e,
an
d
f
er
t
i
l
i
zer
s
an
d
i
n
t
r
ack
i
n
g
w
id
e
p
la
n
te
r
s
/d
r
ills
o
r
la
r
g
e
g
r
a
in
-
ha
r
ve
s
t
i
ng p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
.
G
P
S
na
vi
ga
t
i
o
n t
o
o
l
s
c
a
n r
e
p
l
a
c
e
f
o
a
m
f
o
r
s
p
r
a
y
e
r
s
a
n
d
p
la
n
te
r
/d
r
ill
-
d
i
s
k
m
a
r
ke
r
s
f
o
r
m
a
ki
n
g p
a
r
a
l
l
el
s
w
at
h
s
a
cr
o
s
s
a
f
i
el
d
.
N
a
v
i
g
at
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
h
el
p
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
r
ed
u
ce s
k
i
p
s
a
n
d
o
v
er
l
ap
s
,
es
p
eci
al
l
y
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
t
h
at
r
el
y
o
n
v
i
s
u
al
es
t
i
m
at
i
o
n
o
f
s
w
at
h
d
i
s
t
a
n
ce
a
nd
/
o
r
c
o
unt
i
n
g r
o
w
s
.
T
hi
s
t
e
c
hno
l
o
g
y r
e
d
uc
e
s
t
he
c
ha
nc
e
o
f
m
i
s
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
gr
o
c
he
m
i
c
a
l
s
a
nd
ha
s
t
he
p
o
t
e
nt
i
a
l
t
o
s
a
f
e
gua
r
d
w
a
t
e
r
q
ua
l
i
t
y.
A
l
s
o
,
G
P
S
na
vi
ga
t
i
o
n
c
a
n b
e
us
e
d
t
o
ke
e
p
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
s
i
n t
he
s
a
m
e
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
p
at
t
er
n
y
ear
-
to
-
y
ear
(
co
n
t
r
o
l
l
ed
t
r
af
f
i
c)
,
t
h
u
s
m
i
n
i
m
i
zi
n
g
ad
v
er
s
e ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t
t
r
af
f
i
c
[
14]
.
2
.
1
.
R
e
m
o
t
e
Se
n
s
i
ng
i
n A
g
r
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
R
e
m
o
te
s
e
n
s
in
g
is
a
n
a
ll
-
e
nc
om
pa
s
s
i
ng
t
e
r
m
f
o
r
a r
an
g
e o
f
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
w
h
i
ch
al
l
o
w
i
n
d
i
r
ect
m
eas
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
o
m
et
h
i
n
g
,
o
f
t
en
f
r
o
m
af
ar
.
E
x
a
m
p
l
es
i
n
cl
u
d
e s
at
el
l
i
t
e o
r
ai
r
b
o
r
n
e i
m
a
g
er
y
,
o
r
el
ect
r
o
m
ag
n
et
i
c (
E
M3
8
)
s
o
i
l
s
u
r
v
e
y
.
R
e
m
o
t
el
y
s
e
n
s
ed
d
at
a,
o
b
t
ai
n
ed
ei
t
h
er
b
y
ai
r
cr
af
t
o
r
s
at
el
l
i
t
e co
n
t
a
i
n
s
us
e
f
u
l d
a
ta
r
e
g
a
r
d
in
g
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
o
n
s
o
il c
o
n
d
itio
n
,
p
la
n
t g
r
o
w
th
,
w
e
e
d
in
f
e
s
ta
tio
n
e
tc
.
T
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on i
s
c
os
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
d c
a
n be
v
e
r
y
u
s
e
f
ul
f
or
s
i
t
e
-
s
p
eci
f
i
c cr
o
p
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
[
15]
.
A
er
i
al
P
h
ot
og
r
a
phy
[1
]
m
e
t
ho
d
ha
s
s
ho
w
n
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
ng r
e
s
ul
t
t
ha
n
s
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
i
m
a
ge
r
y
m
e
t
ho
d
d
ue
t
o
s
o
m
e
b
e
ne
f
i
t
s
lik
e
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
b
e
lo
w
c
lo
u
d
,
p
r
o
p
e
r
o
r
in
te
n
tio
n
a
l r
e
v
is
it ti
m
e
,
h
ig
h
e
r
s
p
a
tia
l r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
e
tc
[
16]
.
U
A
V
ha
ve
gr
e
a
t
p
o
t
e
nt
i
a
l
f
o
r
r
a
nge
l
an
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
s
ev
er
al
ad
v
an
t
a
g
e
s
o
v
er
s
at
el
l
i
t
es
an
d
w
h
er
e p
i
l
o
t
ed
ai
r
cr
af
t
can
b
e d
ep
l
o
y
ed
q
u
i
ck
l
y
a
n
d
r
ep
eat
ed
l
y
,
i
t
s
v
e
h
i
cl
e co
s
t
i
s
l
es
s
co
s
t
l
y
a
n
d
s
af
er
t
h
a
n
p
ilo
te
d
a
ir
c
r
a
f
t,
f
le
x
ib
le
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
f
l
y
in
g
h
e
ig
h
t a
n
d
ti
m
i
n
g
o
f
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
a
b
le
to
o
b
t
a
i
n i
m
a
ge
r
y
a
t
s
ub
-
d
eci
m
et
er
r
es
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
[
17]
.
U
A
V
t
h
us
p
l
a
ys
a
n i
m
p
o
r
t
a
nt
r
o
l
e
i
n t
he
f
ut
ur
e
d
e
ve
l
o
p
m
e
nt
o
f
t
he
p
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
a
g
r
ic
u
l
tu
r
e
te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
its
b
en
ef
i
t
t
o
o
v
er
co
m
e t
h
e i
n
ad
eq
u
at
e f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
s
at
el
l
i
t
e s
u
r
v
e
y
s
o
r
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
i
n
g
c
lo
u
d
c
o
v
e
r
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
f
r
o
m
s
a
te
llite
i
m
a
g
e
r
y
[
18]
.
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
pl
a
y
s
a
do
m
i
n
a
n
t
r
ol
e
i
n
e
c
on
o
m
i
e
s
of
bot
h
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
an
d
u
n
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
co
u
n
t
r
i
es
.
S
at
e
l
l
i
t
e an
d
ai
r
b
o
r
n
e
i
m
ag
e
s
ar
e u
s
ed
as
m
ap
p
i
n
g
t
o
o
l
s
t
o
cl
as
s
i
f
y
c
r
o
p
s
,
e
xa
m
i
ne
t
he
i
r
he
a
lt
h
a
n
d
v
ia
b
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
m
o
n
i
to
r
f
a
r
m
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
tic
e
s
.
A
g
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
a
l a
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
s
o
f
r
e
m
o
te
s
e
ns
i
ng i
n
c
l
u
de
c
r
op t
y
pe
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
c
r
op c
on
di
t
i
on a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
,
c
r
op
y
i
e
l
d e
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
m
a
ppi
ng
o
f
s
oi
l
ch
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
,
s
o
i
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
act
i
ces
an
d
co
m
p
l
i
a
n
ce
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
[
19]
.
G
ood m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
pr
ov
i
de
s
s
ou
n
d r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
da
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d r
e
l
i
a
bl
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
de
c
i
s
i
ons
of
t
h
e
oi
l
p
al
m
t
r
ees
.
O
n
e o
f
t
h
e t
ech
n
i
q
u
es
i
s
t
h
e ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
m
o
t
e s
en
s
i
n
g
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
u
s
ed
as
a t
o
o
l
t
o
d
et
er
m
i
n
e
de
c
i
s
i
on
s
a
bou
t
t
h
e
oi
l
pa
l
m
pl
a
n
t
a
t
i
ons
.
N
D
V
I
i
s
o
f
t
e
n
u
s
e
d
w
or
l
d
w
i
de
t
o
m
on
i
t
or
dr
ou
g
ht
a
n
d pr
e
di
c
t
a
g
r
ic
u
l
tu
r
a
l p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
.
N
D
V
I
a
llo
w
s
t
h
e
i
n
te
r
p
r
et
er
s
t
o
i
n
t
er
p
r
et
t
h
at
t
h
e co
v
er
ed
v
e
g
et
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
h
eal
t
h
y
an
d
c
a
n
h
e
lp
u
s
to
p
r
e
d
ic
t t
h
a
t i
t i
s
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
e
p
a
l
m
.
I
t i
s
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
N
D
V
I
o
f
th
e
o
il p
a
l
m
s
ta
n
d
to
e
na
b
l
e
t
he
p
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
m
a
na
ge
r
t
o
ga
uge
t
he
l
e
ve
l
o
f
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
s
i
n t
he
m
a
na
ge
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
p
a
lm
s
.
I
t
is
r
eco
m
m
e
n
d
ed
t
o
al
l
o
w
t
h
e N
D
V
I
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
n
w
i
d
er
ag
e s
t
a
n
d
i
n
t
er
v
al
s
[
20]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l.
11
, N
o
.
2
,
A
ug
us
t
2018
:
7
25
–
732
728
2.
2
.
Y
ie
ld
M
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
N
u
m
er
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ach
es
ex
i
s
t
f
o
r
es
t
i
m
at
i
n
g
cr
o
p
y
i
el
d
s
w
i
t
h
r
e
m
o
t
e s
en
s
i
n
g
.
A
s
t
h
e t
er
m
m
en
t
i
o
n
ed
,
t
h
e
y
i
el
d
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
i
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
cal
c
u
l
at
e
an
d
r
eco
r
d
cr
o
p
y
i
el
d
o
r
g
r
ai
n
y
i
el
d
d
at
a
u
s
i
n
g
d
ev
i
ce
s
fo
r
t
h
e
p
l
an
t
at
i
o
n
.
T
h
er
e ar
e
m
an
y
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
ef
f
ect
i
v
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
p
at
i
al
d
at
a i
n
cr
o
p
r
es
ear
ch
an
d
i
n
a
n
s
w
er
i
n
g
s
p
eci
f
i
c
f
ar
m
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
q
u
es
t
i
o
n
s
,
b
u
t
n
o
o
n
e
h
as
b
e
en
ab
l
e t
o
l
i
n
k
s
p
at
i
al
d
at
a
an
d
o
v
er
al
l
f
ar
m
p
r
o
f
ita
b
ilit
y
.
K
e
n
t
O
ls
o
n
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
o
f
M
i
n
n
e
s
o
ta
,
w
a
s
u
n
a
b
le
to
f
i
n
d
a
s
ta
ti
s
tic
a
l r
e
la
t
io
n
s
h
ip
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
y
ie
ld
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
u
s
e an
d
f
ar
m
p
r
o
f
i
t
s
i
n
d
at
a f
r
o
m
f
ar
m
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
as
s
o
ci
at
i
o
n
s
i
n
h
i
s
s
t
at
e
[
21]
.
O
v
er
al
l
,
t
h
er
e i
s
cl
ear
ev
i
d
en
c
e t
h
at
cr
o
p
y
i
el
d
es
t
i
m
at
i
o
n
i
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
w
i
t
h
r
e
m
o
t
e
s
e
ns
i
n
g,
w
i
t
h go
o
d
accu
r
aci
es
i
n
s
o
m
e cas
es
[
18]
.
O
ne
o
f
t
h
e ex
a
m
p
l
e o
f
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
d
at
a f
r
o
m
t
h
e cap
t
u
r
ed
i
m
ag
e a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n i
n t
he
r
e
m
o
t
e
s
e
ns
i
n
g i
s
l
e
a
f
a
nd
s
o
i
l
a
na
l
ys
i
s
b
y
u
s
i
ng H
i
g
h r
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n S
P
O
T
T
M
a
nd
I
K
O
N
O
S
T
M
s
at
el
l
i
t
e.
F
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
,
i
t
can
b
e cl
ear
l
y
s
ee
n
t
h
at
t
h
e ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
o
f
G
I
S
,
G
P
S
an
d
r
e
m
ot
e
s
e
ns
i
ng
to
th
e
y
ie
ld
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
.
2.
3
.
V
a
ri
a
b
l
e R
a
t
e T
ech
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
(
V
R
T
)
T
he
V
R
T
a
p
p
l
y
r
e
m
o
t
e
s
e
ns
i
n
g,
G
I
S
a
nd
G
P
S
t
e
c
hno
l
o
gi
e
s
t
o
ge
t
he
r
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
ng t
o
[
11]
,
t
h
er
e V
R
T
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
h
at
w
er
e i
d
en
t
i
f
i
ed
ar
e s
u
ch
a
s
b
i
o
m
as
s
i
m
ag
er
y
b
y
S
i
l
v
er
f
o
x
,
O
n
e R
i
n
e
x
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
o
u
n
t
ed
o
n
a
t
r
act
o
r
an
d
co
n
n
ect
ed
t
o
a y
i
e
l
d
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
,
an
d
L
i
D
R
A
.
W
i
t
h
V
R
T
ap
p
l
i
cat
o
r
s
can
ap
p
l
y
s
eed
s
,
f
er
t
i
l
i
zer
,
an
d
p
es
t
i
ci
d
es
t
o
s
u
i
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
ect
i
o
n
s
o
f
a f
i
el
d
de
pe
n
di
n
g
on
s
oi
l
c
on
di
t
i
ons
,
n
u
t
r
i
e
n
t
n
e
e
ds
,
a
n
d t
h
e
s
e
ve
r
i
t
y
of
pe
s
t
pr
obl
e
m
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
by
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
z
i
ng
on
in
p
u
t
s
w
i
th
o
u
t
s
a
c
r
if
ic
in
g
y
ie
ld
.
V
R
T
s
a
r
e
s
e
e
d
e
r
s
,
s
p
r
a
y
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
f
e
r
ti
liz
e
r
a
n
d
p
e
s
tic
id
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a
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
e
q
ui
p
m
e
nt
t
ha
t
c
a
n b
e
c
o
nt
i
nua
l
l
y
a
d
j
us
t
e
d d
u
r
i
ng
f
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e
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d
ope
r
a
t
i
on
s
t
o opt
i
m
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z
e
t
h
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
i
n
pu
t
s
de
pe
n
di
n
g
on
f
i
e
l
d c
on
di
t
i
o
n
s
[
22]
.
3.
EL
EM
EN
TS
O
F
P
R
EC
IS
IO
N
TEC
H
N
O
LO
G
I
E
S
I
n s
ho
r
t
,
t
he
r
e
m
o
t
e
s
e
ns
i
n
g t
o
o
l
s
c
o
m
b
i
ne
d
w
i
t
h t
he
G
P
S
s
ys
t
e
m
t
o
f
o
r
m
s
t
he
ge
o
-
r
e
f
er
en
ci
n
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
r
ops
of
G
I
S
.
A
l
l
t
h
e
3
t
e
c
h
n
ol
ogi
e
s
w
e
r
e
us
e
d
f
or
t
he
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
V
R
T
a
n
d
y
i
e
l
d
m
on
i
t
or
i
ng
.
T
h
e
y
ie
ld
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
is
a
ls
o
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
y
ie
ld
m
a
p
p
in
g
,
a
n
d
it w
a
s
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
d
a
ta
to
b
e
in
p
u
tte
d
in
to
th
e
V
R
T
s
y
s
te
m
a
s
w
e
ll.
T
o
s
u
m
m
a
r
iz
e
it,
th
e
r
e
la
tio
n
s
h
ip
s
o
f
t
h
e
5
te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
e
c
is
i
o
n
a
g
r
ic
u
ltu
r
e
a
r
e
illu
s
tr
a
te
d
i
n F
i
g
ur
e
2
.
F
i
g
ur
e
2
.
R
e
la
tio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
P
r
e
c
is
io
n
A
g
r
ic
u
l
tu
r
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
4.
M
A
TER
I
A
L A
N
D
M
ETH
O
D
S
T
h
e r
es
ear
ch
w
a
s
car
r
i
ed
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
S
y
s
t
e
m
D
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
L
i
f
e C
y
cl
e (
S
L
D
C
)
m
o
d
el
.
S
D
L
C
i
s
a
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e f
o
l
l
o
w
ed
b
y
a d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
t
ea
m
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
eo
r
g
an
i
zat
i
o
n
.
V
ar
i
et
y
o
f
S
D
L
C
m
o
d
el
s
ar
e
u
s
e
d
w
i
d
el
y
f
o
r
d
ev
el
o
p
i
n
g
a
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
u
c
h
as
w
at
er
f
al
l
m
o
d
e
l,
ite
r
a
tiv
e
m
o
d
e
l,
v
-
s
h
a
pe
d
m
ode
l
,
s
pi
r
a
l
m
ode
l
e
t
c
.
T
h
e
ov
e
r
a
l
l
pu
r
pos
e
of
h
a
v
i
ng
a
S
D
L
C
m
ode
l
i
s
t
o pr
odu
c
e
a
h
i
gh
qu
a
l
i
t
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
hi
c
h
w
o
u
l
d
m
e
e
t
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
s
’
e
x
pe
c
t
a
t
i
on a
nd de
m
a
n
d.
C
h
oi
c
e
of
e
m
pl
o
y
i
n
g a
ny
s
or
t
o
f
S
D
L
C
m
ode
l
i
s
f
u
l
l
y
i
n
de
pe
n
de
n
t
.
G
en
er
al
l
y
t
h
er
e ar
e a f
e
w
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
p
h
a
s
e:
U
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
i
n
g
t
h
e p
r
o
b
l
em
,
d
eci
d
i
n
g
a
n
act
i
o
n
p
l
a
n
,
c
o
d
i
ng f
o
r
t
he
p
l
a
nne
d
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n,
t
e
s
t
i
n
g t
he
a
c
t
ua
l
p
r
o
gr
a
m
,
d
e
p
l
o
ym
e
nt
a
nd
m
a
i
nt
e
na
nc
e
o
f
t
he
pr
odu
c
t
[
2
3]
,
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
d
i
a
gr
a
m
w
h
i
c
h s
ho
w
s
t
he
S
D
L
C
m
o
d
e
l
p
ha
s
e
s
i
n ge
ne
r
a
l
i
n F
i
g
ur
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
E
v
ol
ut
i
on of
P
r
e
c
i
s
i
on A
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
C
om
put
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ng t
ow
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Sus
t
a
i
nabl
e
O
il
…
(
K.
C.
G
o
h
)
729
F
i
g
ur
e
3
.
S
D
L
C
m
o
d
el
p
h
a
s
es
(
s
o
u
r
ce f
r
o
m
:
[
23]
)
A
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e c
h
o
i
ce o
f
S
D
L
C
m
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s
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6.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
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D
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