Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
12
,
No.
3
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
958
~
967
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
2
.i
3
.pp
958
-
967
958
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Des
i
gn a
nd
Sim
ula
tion
of
the Cont
ro
l
Syste
m for In
verte
-
f
ed
Permane
nt Magn
et Synch
ro
n
ous Mot
or Driv
e
Ra
m
ana
Pil
la
1
,
Kil
lari S
an
t
ukum
ari
2
,
K.
B.M
ad
hu
S
ahu
3
1,
2
Depa
rt
m
ent of
Elec
tr
ical and
E
le
c
troni
cs
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
GM
R
Ins
ti
tute
of
T
ec
h
nol
og
y
,
Ra
ja
m
,
AP
,
India
-
532127
3
Adit
y
a
Inst
it
ut
e
of
T
ec
hno
log
y
a
nd
Mana
gemen
t
,
Te
kk
al
i
,
AP
,
In
dia
-
532201
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
y
6
, 2
018
Re
vised
Jun
7
,
2018
Accepte
d
Se
p
2
2
, 201
8
Deve
lopment
in
the
f
ie
ld
of
p
ower
elec
tron
ic
s
,
cost
eff
e
ct
iv
e
DS
P’s
and
m
ic
roproc
essors
have
open
ed
a
new
era
in
th
e
d
esign
and
imple
m
ent
at
ion
of
m
oder
n
cont
rol
strat
eg
ie
s
for
va
ria
bl
e
spee
d
dri
ves.
Th
is
pap
er
pre
sents
th
e
design
of
a
cont
r
ol
s
y
stem
which
inc
lud
es
a
non
-
linear
con
trol
l
er
a
nd
observe
r
for
inve
r
te
r
fed
Perm
ane
nt
Mag
net
S
y
nchr
onous
Motor
(PM
SM
)
Drive
.
The
ent
ir
e
d
esign
is
carrie
d
out
b
y
designi
ng
of
Speed
Con
trol
l
er,
Non
-
li
ne
a
r
Control
le
r
(NLC
),
St
at
e
Feedb
ack
Controller
(SF
C)
and
Non
-
li
n
e
ar F
ull
ord
er
Obs
erv
er
(NF
O).
The
proposed
c
ontrol
sch
eme
is
ext
ensiv
ely
sim
u
la
t
ed
unde
r
var
ious
condi
t
i
ons
using
M
ATLAB/Simulink,
whi
ch
sho
ws
bet
ter
per
form
anc
e
und
er
a
ll ope
ra
ti
ng
c
ondit
ions f
or
var
ia
bl
e
spee
d
PM
SM
drive
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Non
-
li
near
c
on
trolle
r
Non
-
li
near
fu
l
l
or
de
r
ob
se
r
ver
Stat
e feedbac
k con
t
ro
ll
er
PMSM
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ram
ana P
il
la
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f
Ele
ct
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ro
nics
E
nginee
rin
g,
GMR I
ns
ti
tute
of Tech
nolo
gy,
GMR Na
ga
r,
R
ajam
, A
ndhra
Pr
a
desh,
India
-
532127.
Em
a
il
:
ra
m
ana.p
il
la
@g
m
rit.org
,
pram
ana.g
m
rit@gm
ai
l.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
high
po
wer
app
li
cat
io
ns
,
P
MSM
dr
ive
s
are
widely
use
d
in
orde
r
to
ge
t
trai
lblaz
ing
pe
rfor
m
anc
e
su
c
h
a
s
fast
dy
nam
ic
respon
s
e,
high
po
wer
densi
ty
,
hi
gh
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
[
1]
,
[
2]
a
nd
wide
s
pe
ed
ra
ng
e
.
D
ue
to
the
se
adv
a
ntage
s
PM
SM
is
widely
use
d
i
n
in
dustrie
s,
r
obotics,
r
olli
ng
m
il
ls,
hybr
i
d
el
ect
ric
ve
hicle
s
[2
]
et
c
.
T
ho
ug
h
it
has
m
any
adv
a
ntage
s,
the
m
ajo
r
pro
blem
is
c
os
t
of
PMS
M
is
ver
y
high
f
or
high
po
we
r
app
li
cat
io
ns
[3]
,
[4
]
.
S
o,
i
n
order
to
overc
ome
this
pro
blem
,
PMSM
is
not
pr
act
ic
al
ly
const
ru
ct
ed
but
it
s
blo
c
ks
are
br
ought
to
gethe
r
an
d
prot
otype
is
m
ade
us
in
g
sim
ulatio
n.
T
he
sim
ula
ti
on
o
f
PM
SM
involves
sel
ect
ing
of
al
l
the
c
om
po
ne
nts
t
o
obta
in
s
te
ady
sta
te
a
nd
dy
nam
ic
per
f
orm
ance
as
if
t
he
m
achine
is
a
ct
ually
co
ns
tr
uc
te
d.
In
sim
ulati
on
,
PMSM
is
c
onsidere
d
with
da
m
per
windin
gs
[
5]
in
orde
r
t
o
dam
p
out
osc
il
la
ti
on
s
unde
r
t
r
ansient
conditi
ons.
In
ge
ne
ral,
when
PMSM
is
op
e
rated
at
dif
fer
e
nt
f
re
qu
e
nc
ie
s
ei
ther
in
op
e
n
lo
op
or
cl
os
ed
l
oo
p
op
e
rati
on
it
m
ay
be
sta
ble.
But
,
wh
e
n
it
is
dr
iv
en
at
lo
w
fr
e
qu
encies
t
her
e
m
ay
be
a
pro
blem
of
ab
r
up
t
sto
pp
i
ng,
pu
ll
-
out
from
its
operati
on,
un
desira
ble
pe
rfo
rm
ance
et
c.
At
this
co
nd
it
io
n,
t
he
PMSM
ca
nn
ot
be
operate
d
unde
r
wide
r
ra
nge
of
s
peed
s
sat
isfact
or
il
y.
Eve
n
t
houg
h
wh
e
n
it
is
desi
gn
e
d
i
n
cl
ose
d
l
oop,
the li
near t
ech
niques a
re
no
t
directl
y ap
plica
ble since
the
m
od
el
o
f PM
S
M i
nh
e
ren
tl
y n
on
-
li
near
.
Fo
r
the
a
bove
m
entioned
pro
blem
,
PMSM
r
equ
i
res
a
sta
ble
cl
os
e
d
l
oop
c
ontr
ol
syst
em
[6
]
wh
ic
h
m
ay
op
e
rate
at
a
ny
sp
ee
d
with
ou
t
losin
g
sta
bili
ty
unde
r
a
ny
c
onditi
ons.
So,
in
this
pa
per
,
a
cl
os
e
d
lo
op
con
t
ro
l
syst
e
m
is
desi
gn
e
d
inclu
di
ng
non
-
li
nea
r
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
[
7],
non
-
li
near
ob
s
erv
e
r
[
8
]
,
[9]
an
d
sta
te
fee
db
ac
k
con
t
ro
ll
er.
I
n
t
he
desig
n
proc
ess,
the
m
od
el
of
PMSM [2
]
,
[3
]
al
on
g
with it
s
par
am
et
ers
is
us
e
d
i
ns
te
ad
o
f
real
m
oto
r.
S
o
to
re
pr
ese
nt
the
pa
r
a
m
et
ers
of
the
m
achine,
m
at
h
e
m
at
ic
al
m
od
el
[
2]
,
[3]
,
[1
0
]
i
s
re
quire
d.
Sim
il
arly
to
fi
nd
ou
t
the
perform
ance
of
PMSM
,
a
non
-
li
near
m
at
he
m
at
ic
al
m
od
el
is
app
li
ed
bu
t,
th
e
co
nventio
nal
li
near
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd S
i
mu
l
ation of t
he
Co
ntro
l
Syste
m
for
Invert
er f
ed
Per
m
an
e
nt
Ma
gn
et
…
(
Ra
man
a
Pil
la
)
9
59
te
chn
iq
ues
ca
nnot
be
a
ppli
ed
directl
y
in
this
sit
uation.
T
o
overc
om
e
this
draw
bac
k
e
xact
feedbac
k
li
neari
zat
ion
[1
1
]
,
[1
2
]
i
s
a
ppli
ed
us
in
g
d
-
q
tran
sf
or
m
at
ion
,
w
her
ea
s,
t
he
no
n
-
li
nea
r
fee
db
ac
k
la
w
ta
ke
n
ca
re
of
decoup
li
ng
as
well
as
com
pensat
e
the
inf
luence
of
em
f.
In
order
t
o
de
ve
lop
a
high
pe
r
form
ance
con
tr
ol
syst
e
m
,
accurat
e
inf
or
m
at
ion
of
m
achine
sta
te
s
is
i
m
po
rtant.
Fo
r
t
h
is
pur
po
se
obser
ver
s
[8]
,
[9
]
are
us
e
d.
These
obse
rv
e
rs
ar
e
def
i
ned
as
a
n
al
gorithm
pr
od
ucin
g
obser
ver
sig
nals,
from
the
se
ns
e
d
si
gnal
s
with
t
he
knowle
dge
of
c
on
t
ro
l
syst
e
m
wh
ic
h
m
akes
the
syst
e
m
le
ss
costly
,
accurate
a
nd
m
or
e
reli
able.
T
he
four
sta
te
s
of
PMSM
su
c
h
as
sta
tor
and d
am
per
wi
nd
i
ng curre
nts
are esti
m
at
ed
us
ing NF
O, w
hi
ch
a
re f
ee
dbac
k
to
the
SFC
[1
3
].
2.
MO
DELL
IN
G OF
PMS
M
The
m
od
el
ing
eq
uatio
ns
of
PMSM
with
dam
per
windin
gs
on
r
otor
re
fer
e
nce
fram
e
us
in
g
Par
k’s
trans
form
ation
[2
]
,
[
3]
,
[
12]
ar
e
:
qs
a
qs
qs
qs
aq
qr
r
ds
ds
r
ad
dr
v
r
i
l
p
i
l
p
i
l
i
l
i
(1)
qr
aq
r
qs
qs
r
dr
ad
ds
ds
ds
a
ds
i
l
i
l
pi
l
pi
l
i
r
v
(2)
ds
ad
dr
dr
dr
dr
dr
pi
l
pi
l
i
r
v
(3)
qs
aq
qr
qr
qr
qr
qr
pi
l
pi
l
i
r
v
(4
)
The
el
ect
rical
t
orq
ue devel
op
e
d by PMSM
is
:
ds
qr
aq
dr
qs
ad
qs
ds
aq
ad
e
i
i
l
i
i
l
i
i
l
l
P
T
)
(
2
2
3
(5)
The
t
orqu
e
b
al
ance e
qu
at
i
on for PM
SM
by
ta
king
no. of
po
le
s P=4 is
:
2
2
1
r
e
r
B
T
T
J
p
(6)
Hen
ce
, by u
sin
g
syst
em
an
d
t
orq
ue
e
qu
at
io
ns o
ne
ca
n
m
odel
PMSM.
3.
CONTR
OL S
YS
TE
M
D
ES
I
GN
The
bl
oc
k
dia
gr
am
of
the
pro
posed
c
ontro
l
syst
e
m
[6
]
,
[1
3
]
is
sho
wn
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
1
a
nd
it
is
of
a
conve
ntion
al
two
lo
op
str
uct
ur
e
.
Ou
t
of
th
e
two
l
oops,
c
urr
ent
lo
op
is
t
he
i
nn
e
r
l
oop
an
d
s
peed
lo
op
is
t
he
oute
r
loop
f
or
an
SP
WM
volt
age
s
ource
in
ve
rter
fed
PMSM
dri
ve.
T
he
ref
e
re
nc
e
tor
qu
e
is
pr
oduce
d
in
sp
ee
d
lo
op,
with
P
I
co
ntr
ol
le
r
as
sp
ee
d
c
on
t
ro
ll
e
r,
by
w
hich
ref
e
ren
ce
currents
i
qs
*
a
nd
i
ds
*
a
re
c
om
pu
te
d
for
a
de
sired
tor
qu
e
a
ng
le
(
δ
) a
nd
i
nter
nal
a
ng
le
(
ψ
).
W
it
h
the
knowle
dge
of
the
se
t
wo
a
ngle
s,
the
re
is
a
chan
ce
of
oper
at
ing
the m
oto
r unde
r
a
ny po
wer
fa
ct
or
over la
gg
i
ng to
le
a
ding a
long
with
un
i
ty
.
Fo
r
the
in
ner
c
urren
t
lo
op,
a
NLC
is
desi
gn
e
d
i
n
order
to
ca
ncel
ou
t
t
he
syst
e
m
non
-
li
nea
rity
e
m
plo
yi
ng
exact
fee
dbac
k
li
near
iz
at
io
n
[
7]
,
[1
1
]
,
[1
2
]
.
To
ac
hieve
zer
o
ste
a
dy
sta
te
error
an
I
OE
is
us
e
d
f
or
re
fe
ren
ce
current
sp
eci
ficat
ion
.
Als
o,
a
li
near
sta
te
fee
db
ac
k
co
ntr
ol
l
aw
is
i
nvolv
e
d
for
sta
bili
ty
based
on
po
le
pla
ce
m
ent
te
chn
iq
ue.
T
o
i
m
ple
m
ent
SFC,
the
i
nfor
m
at
ion
of
al
l
sta
te
s
is
re
qu
ire
d
i
n
ord
er
to
co
ntr
ol
th
e
dynam
ic
behavio
ur
of the
syst
em
. Th
ere
f
or
e,
t
here i
s
a
re
qu
irem
ent
of esti
m
at
i
ng t
h
e i
naccess
ible c
urren
ts
of da
m
per
winding
s
by
us
in
g
a
NFO
[
8].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c
En
g
&
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
958
–
967
960
S
p
e
e
d
o
r
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
S
t
a
t
e
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
V
S
I
E
n
c
o
d
e
r
N
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
a
r
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
r
N
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
a
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
a
b
c
t
o
d
q
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
A
c
t
u
a
l
s
p
e
e
d
r
r
e
l
T
*
e
T
δ
Ψ
qs
i
ds
i
1
d
2
d
r
c
b
a
i
i
i
,
,
ds
qs
i
i
,
ds
qs
i
i
,
c
b
a
v
v
v
,
,
u
u
+
+
+
+
‾
‾
θ
+
P
M
S
M
1
u
2
u
θ
r
,
R
e
f
.
s
p
e
e
d
Figure
1. Pro
pose
d
c
on
tr
ol sy
stem
an
d
it
s
bl
ock d
ia
gr
am
3.1.
Desi
gn o
f
a Speed
Con
t
rolle
r
The desig
n o
f
t
he
s
pee
d
c
on
tr
oller is as
foll
ows:
The
m
oto
r
t
orq
ue
balance
equ
at
ion
in
term
s o
f
sp
ee
d, f
or no. o
f po
le
s
P=4
is
2
2
1
r
e
r
T
T
J
p
(7)
The
s
pee
d
c
on
t
ro
ll
er e
quat
io
n i
s
0
t
e
p
i
T
k
e
k
e
d
t
(8)
Wh
e
re,
()
er
e
(
9)
Her
e
,
p
k
= p
r
opor
ti
on
al
g
ai
n
a
nd
i
k
= integ
ral
gain
of the
PI co
ntr
oller.
Substi
tuti
ng equati
ons (8
)
a
nd (9)
i
n
e
qu
at
i
on (7)
a
nd taki
ng
Laplace
tra
nsf
or
m
, w
e
get
,
0
2
()
2
i
r
r
p
e
r
l
r
k
s
k
T
Js
(10)
Fo
r
l
T
= 0
&
e
r
0
an
d t
he
e
qu
at
i
on (10)
bec
om
es,
2
2
22
1
1
22
2
i
p
pi
r
i
e
pi
p
k
k
k
s
k
js
JJ
k
s
k
s
k
sk
J
J
J
J
J
s
(11)
Now
t
he
c
har
a
ct
erist
ic
eq
uati
on b
ec
om
es
,
0
2
2
2
i
p
k
J
s
k
J
J
s
(12)
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Desig
n a
nd S
i
mu
l
ation of t
he
Co
ntro
l
Syste
m
for
Invert
er f
ed
Per
m
an
e
nt
Ma
gn
et
…
(
Ra
man
a
Pil
la
)
961
The
sta
nd
a
r
d
s
econd
orde
r
c
ontr
ol syst
em
ch
aracte
risti
c eq
ua
ti
on
is
:
0
2
2
2
n
n
s
s
(13)
On co
m
par
in
g equ
at
io
ns (
12) & (
13)
a
nd sim
plifyi
ng, wil
l g
et
,
2
2
n
i
J
k
(14)
2
n
p
J
k
(15)
Wh
e
re,
ξ =da
m
pin
g
rati
o, an
d
ω
n
=
nat
ur
al
f
reque
ncy of
osc
il
la
ti
on
s.
By
selec
ti
ng
s
ui
ta
ble v
al
ues
of
ξ, ω
n
,
m
achine p
a
ram
et
ers
J an
d β,
the
gain
const
ants
k
p
a
nd
k
i
are c
om
pu
te
d.
3.2.
Re
ferenc
e C
urre
nt
s
Ge
nera
tion
ds
V
qs
V
V
qs
i
ds
i
a
i
f
E
q
-
a
x
i
s
d
-
a
x
i
s
ds
ds
i
jX
qs
qs
i
jX
Figure
2. P
has
or d
ia
gr
am
a)
Takin
g
t
orque
ang
le
,
δ as a
spe
ci
ficat
ion
1
3
1
2
2
2
*
2
4
q
q
q
q
q
i
ds
(16)
ds
aq
ad
e
qs
i
l
l
T
i
)
(
3
*
*
(17)
Wh
e
re,
1
3
(
)
(
ta
n
)
ad
aq
a
r
ds
q
l
l
r
l
2
3
(
)
ta
n
3
(
ta
n
)
a
d
a
q
r
a
r
d
s
q
l
l
r
l
2*
3
3
t
a
n
(
t
a
n
)
r
a
r
q
s
e
q
r
l
T
b)
Takin
g
i
nter
nal angle
, ψ as
a s
pecifica
ti
on
t
a
n
)
(
6
t
a
n
)
(
12
9
3
*
2
*
aq
ad
aq
ad
e
qs
l
l
l
l
T
i
(
18)
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le
c
En
g
&
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
958
–
967
962
t
a
n
*
*
qs
ds
i
i
(19)
c)
Fiel
d
ori
ente
d (FO) c
ontr
ol
0
*
ds
i
(20)
3
*
*
e
qs
T
i
(21)
3.3.
Desig
n
of
a
N
on
-
li
near
Cont
r
oller
In
t
he
m
at
he
m
at
ic
al
m
od
el
o
f
PMSM, it
is
obser
ve
d
s
om
e
par
t
of syst
em
equ
at
io
n
is
a f
unct
ion o
f
ω
r
,
and
it
va
ries
with
the
ope
ra
ti
ng
po
i
nt,
du
e
to
this
t
he
sy
stem
beco
m
es
non
-
li
near
a
nd
he
nce
li
nea
r
con
t
ro
l
te
chn
iq
ues
can
no
t
be
ap
plied
directl
y.
I
n
ord
er
to
co
nque
r
t
his
prob
le
m
,
a
non
-
li
near
co
nt
ro
ll
er
is
de
sig
ne
d
in
the
inn
e
r
c
urr
ent
loop,
t
o
c
ancel
o
ut
the
syst
e
m
no
n
-
li
near
it
y
e
m
plo
yi
ng
exact
fe
edb
ac
k
li
nea
rizat
ion
[11]
,
[12].
Now
the
elec
tric
al
subsyst
em
is e
xpresse
d
i
n
sys
tem
m
od
el
as,
Bu
Ax
x
(22)
Divid
i
ng A int
o A
1
a
nd A
2
,
we ha
ve
:
Bu
x
A
A
x
r
)
(
2
1
(23)
Th
us
,
i
n
eq
uati
on
(
23)
the
re
i
s
a
pro
portio
na
l
te
rm
to
ω
r
in
syst
em
m
a
tri
x
A,
s
o
the
re
i
s
a
nee
d
of
fee
db
ac
k
te
rm
,
fo
r
the
c
ancell
at
ion
of
t
he
pr
oduct
de
pe
nds
on
ω
r
x.
T
o
im
ple
m
ent
th
is,
a
feedbac
k
con
t
ro
l
la
w
is
chosen
of the
form
,
2
1
u
u
u
(24)
Wh
e
re,
the
non
-
li
near
i
nput c
ontr
ol v
ect
or
is
chosen
as
:
x
k
u
r
1
1
(25)
Wh
e
re
k
1
=
fee
db
ac
k gain
m
atr
ix.
Substi
tuti
ng
E
qu
at
io
ns (
24)
a
nd (2
5)
i
n
e
qu
a
ti
on
(23)
)
(
)
(
2
1
2
1
u
u
B
x
A
A
x
r
or
x
Bk
A
Bu
x
A
x
r
)
(
1
2
2
1
(26)
To
ac
hieve
ex
a
ct
cancelat
ion
of the
non
-
li
ne
ar term
,
21
0
A
B
k
21
A
B
k
(27)
To
sat
isfy e
qua
ti
on
(27), the
m
at
rix
k
1
is t
ak
en
as
:
0
0
0
0
1
aq
qs
ad
ds
l
l
l
l
k
(28)
Now, t
he
e
quat
ion
(
23)
c
hang
es into
stan
dard linea
r
f
orm
a
s,
12
x
A
x
B
u
(29)
Fr
om
the
E
qu
a
ti
on
(29), it
is c
on
cl
ud
e
d
t
hat t
her
e
is exact
ca
ncell
at
ion
of th
e syst
e
m
n
on
-
li
near
it
y an
d
al
so
at al
l o
pe
r
at
ing
po
i
nts,
t
hi
s li
near
iz
at
ion i
s v
al
id
.
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
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E
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c Eng &
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m
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S
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02
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4752
Desig
n a
nd S
i
mu
l
ation of t
he
Co
ntro
l
Syste
m
for
Invert
er f
ed
Per
m
an
e
nt
Ma
gn
et
…
(
Ra
man
a
Pil
la
)
963
3.4.
Sta
te Fee
dba
c
k
Contr
ol
le
r
In
the
in
ner
c
urren
t
lo
op,
a
li
near
sta
te
fee
db
ac
k
co
ntr
ol
la
w
base
d
on
po
le
placem
ent
te
chn
i
que
includi
ng inte
gral
of
ou
t
pu
t
er
ror (I
OE) is
use
d.
22
b
s
i
s
r
x
u
v
K
z
K
K
yy
(30)
The IO
E is inte
gr
at
in
g
a
nd m
od
ifie
d as,
dt
y
y
K
x
K
v
d
t
u
t
r
is
bs
t
)
(
0
0
2
(31)
The
SFC
requi
res
al
l
the
sta
te
s
inf
or
m
at
ion
to
be
fed
back.
But,
i
n
PMSM
so
m
e
of
the
st
at
es
are
in
acce
ssibl
e
for
a
vaila
bili
ty of f
ee
dback
. For t
his
pur
po
se
an
NFO
[8
]
,
[
9] is de
sig
ned.
3.5.
Desi
gn o
f
Non
-
li
ne
ar
F
ull
o
rder
Obs
erver
Dev
el
op
m
ent
of
a
hi
gh
pe
rfor
m
ance
co
ntr
oller
-
obser
ver
needs
an
accu
rate
est
i
m
at
ion
of
m
achin
e
sta
te
s.
I
n
PMS
M,
f
our
sta
te
s
su
c
h
as
sta
tor
and
dam
per
wi
nd
i
ng
cu
rrents
hav
e
to
be
est
im
at
ed
to
im
ple
m
ent
SFC. Fo
r
this
pur
pose, a
n NF
O
[
8]
,
[9
]
is
d
e
sign
e
d
a
nd the
proce
dure is a
s
foll
ow
s:
The
syst
em
eq
uations
of
PM
SM in stat
e s
pa
ce f
or
m
Bu
Ax
x
(32)
Cx
y
(33)
Lx
(34)
In m
at
rix
fo
rm
it
can
be
writ
te
n
as
,
x
L
C
y
ˆ
(35)
ˆ
ˆ
1
y
L
C
x
(36)
An obse
rv
e
r
is
a d
ynam
ic
al
sy
stem
can
be
r
e
pr
ese
nted
b
y,
Fy
Gu
D
ˆ
ˆ
(37)
And
t
he value
of F
is c
hose
n as,
2
1
)
(
F
F
F
d
r
(38)
Wh
e
re
3
1
2
)
(
F
A
L
F
y
an
d
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
qs
ds
l
l
F
The
e
rror i
n
t
he
estim
at
e o
f
can
be ob
ta
in
ed
as
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
N
:
2502
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4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c
En
g
&
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
958
–
967
964
ˆ
~
x
LA
A
A
L
C
F
C
F
u
LB
G
D
d
r
d
d
r
]
)
(
)
(
)
(
[
)
(
ˆ
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
(39)
Fo
r
the
con
diti
on of
asy
m
pto
ti
cal
ly
accur
at
e estim
at
e o
f
0
~
or
,
ˆ
as
t
x
C
F
A
A
L
DL
C
F
LA
D
y
d
r
d
)]
(
)
(
[
)
ˆ
(
~
3
1
2
2
1
(40)
Fo
r
the
er
ror
es
tim
a
ti
on
of
,
ˆ
~
to
decay,
(i)
0
)
(
3
1
2
C
F
A
A
L
y
(41)
(ii)
0
1
DL
C
F
LA
d
(42)
(iii
)D
s
houl
d b
e a stable m
at
rix
with the
r
est
r
ic
ti
on
that
A
i
D
i
}
{
}
{
(43)
Fr
om
the a
bove
cond
it
io
ns
,
th
e m
a
tric
es D
, L
and
F
1
val
ue
s ar
e
sel
ect
ed
a
s
44
43
42
41
34
33
32
31
24
23
22
21
14
13
12
11
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
L
,
42
41
32
31
22
21
12
11
1
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
F
,
44
43
42
41
34
33
32
31
24
23
22
21
14
13
12
11
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
D
(44)
4.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
a)
Si
m
ulati
on
res
ults
of
the
PM
SM
dr
i
ve
f
or
a
ste
p
cha
nge
in
sp
ee
d
co
rr
e
spondin
g
to
a
f
re
qu
e
ncy
of
f
r
=4
Hz
to 10
Hz
at
a l
oa
d
to
r
qu
e
of
2 N
-
m
.
Figure
3
visibl
y
sh
ows
t
hat
due
to
fee
dback
li
near
iz
at
ion
t
he
transie
nts
are
died
out
a
nd
t
he
tra
ns
ie
nt
respo
ns
e
is
im
pro
ved
.
Using
NLC,
it
is
ob
s
erv
e
d
t
hat
ste
a
dy
sta
te
values
are
obta
ine
d
a
t
faster
rate
a
nd
pe
a
k
ov
e
rs
hoots
i
n
t
he
c
urre
nts
at
i
niti
al
per
i
od
of
tim
e
are
re
du
ce
d.
The
li
nea
r
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
ha
s
a
disad
va
ntage
that
f
or
wide
r
c
hange
in
s
pee
d
refe
ren
ce
it
is
f
ai
le
d
,
bu
t
t
he
desi
gn
e
d
c
ontr
oller
is
work
i
ng
co
ntin
uous
ly
.
The
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
i
n
Fig
ure
4
sho
ws
that
,
the
re
is
a
perf
ect
est
i
m
at
ion
of
d
-
q
a
xes
da
m
per
windin
g
current
s
(i
qr
&
i
dr
)
i.e.
th
ese
cu
rr
e
nts
a
r
e
set
tl
ed
at
ze
ro
un
der
ste
ady
s
at
e.
But
i
n
tra
nsi
ent
pe
rio
d,
s
om
e
values
of
c
urren
t
s
are
e
xisted
due
to
dam
per
w
ind
in
gs.
T
his
c
on
cl
ud
e
s
that
t
he
ob
se
r
ver
c
onve
r
ges
at
very
faster
rate
i.
e.
the
currents
a
re
osc
il
la
tory
unde
r
tran
sie
nt
sta
te
and
al
m
os
t
near
e
r
to
t
he
act
ual
sta
te
s.
Com
ing
to
the
sta
tor
est
i
m
at
ed
sta
tes,
that
is,
d
-
q
a
xes
sta
to
r
cu
rrents
(i
qs
&
i
ds
),
they
are
al
m
os
t
equ
al
to
t
he
a
ct
ual
sta
te
s.
Figure
5
sh
ows
the
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
of
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
dr
i
ve
syst
e
m
fo
r
a
ste
p
c
hange
in
sp
ee
d
c
orres
pondin
g
t
o
a
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of
f
r
=4H
z
t
o
10Hz
at
a
load
t
or
que
of
2
N
-
m
for
differe
nt
val
ue
s
of
ψ
res
ulti
ng
i
n
var
ia
ti
on
of
p.f.
from
la
gg
in
g
t
o
le
adi
ng
incl
udin
g
un
it
y
&
u.p.f.
occ
urs
at
ψ
=
-
19.1
0
.
Abov
e
Fig
ure
6
s
hows
the
sim
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
of
the
pro
po
se
d
dr
i
ve
syst
e
m
fo
r
di
ff
e
ren
t
values
of
δ
res
ulti
ng
in
va
r
ia
ti
on
of
p.
f
.
f
ro
m
la
gging
t
o
le
ading
incl
ud
i
ng
un
it
y
&
u.p.f
occurs
at
δ=
8.7
35
0
.
Fi
gure
7
sh
ows
the
sim
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
of
the
pro
po
se
d
dr
i
ve
syst
e
m
fo
r
the
f
ie
ld
or
ie
nted
ca
se,
w
hich
is
ac
hieve
d
by
m
aking
ψ=
0
0
res
ulti
ng
i
n
i
ds
=0A.
U
nd
e
r
F
OC
the
m
oto
r
al
w
ay
s
op
e
rate
s
at
la
gg
in
g
p.f
.
an
d
ϕ
=
δ
= 10.
8
0
.
F
ro
m
the
si
m
ulati
on
res
ults
as
show
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
s
8
to 1
0,
the
set
tl
ing
tim
e is
incr
ease
d
due
to v
a
riat
ion
in l
oad
to
r
qu
e T
l
=
5N
m
to
9N
m
at con
sta
nt sp
ee
d
co
rr
e
spo
nd
i
ng to
a
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of f
r
=10Hz a
nd a
fter s
om
e t
ran
sie
nts the
syst
em
is com
ing
to n
or
m
al
o
per
at
i
on.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd S
i
mu
l
ation of t
he
Co
ntro
l
Syste
m
for
Invert
er f
ed
Per
m
an
e
nt
Ma
gn
et
…
(
Ra
man
a
Pil
la
)
965
Figure
3. Sim
ulati
on
r
es
ults
of the
SF
C
with
and w
it
ho
ut f
e
edb
ac
k
li
ne
ariz
at
ion
Figure
4. Sim
ulati
on
r
es
ults
of NFO
w
it
h ac
t
ual and e
stim
ated
stat
es
Figure
5. Sim
ulati
on
r
es
ults
of the
prop
os
e
d con
t
ro
l sy
ste
m
f
or
diff
e
re
nt v
a
lues
of
(a)ψ=
-
19.
1
0
(
u.p.f) (
b)
ψ=
5
0
(l
agg
i
ng p.f
) (c) ψ=
-
30
0
(lea
ding
p.f)
0
10
20
30
40
0
1
2
3
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
q
s
i
n
a
m
p
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
l
i
n
e
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
l
i
n
e
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
0
10
20
30
40
50
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
d
s
i
n
a
m
p
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
l
i
n
e
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
l
i
n
e
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
20
40
60
80
100
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
s
p
e
e
d
i
n
r
a
d
/
s
e
c
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
l
i
n
e
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
l
i
n
e
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
0
10
20
30
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
4
.
5
5
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
q
s
i
n
a
m
p
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
r
w
i
t
h
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
r
0
10
20
30
0
1
2
3
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
d
s
i
n
a
m
p
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
r
w
i
t
h
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
r
0
0
.
2
0
.
4
0
.
6
0
.
8
1
-
0
.
6
-
0
.
4
-
0
.
2
0
0
.
2
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
q
r
i
n
a
m
p
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
r
w
i
t
h
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
r
0
0
.
2
0
.
4
0
.
6
0
.
8
1
-
0
.
4
-
0
.
3
-
0
.
2
-
0
.
1
0
0
.
1
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
d
r
i
n
a
m
p
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
r
w
i
t
h
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
r
0
10
20
30
1
2
3
4
5
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
q
s
i
n
a
m
p
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
10
20
30
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
d
s
i
n
a
m
p
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
5
10
15
20
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
s
p
e
e
d
i
n
r
a
d
/
s
e
c
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c
En
g
&
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
958
–
967
966
Figure
6. Sim
ulati
on
r
es
ults
of the
prop
os
e
d con
t
ro
l sy
ste
m
f
or
diff
e
re
nt v
a
lues
of
(a)δ=8
.73
5
0
(
u.p.f) (
b)
δ=5
0
(la
gg
i
ng p.f
) (c) δ
=15
0
(leadin
g p
.f
)
Figure
7. Sim
ulati
on
r
es
ults
of the
prop
os
e
d con
t
ro
l sy
ste
m
f
or F
OC
(ψ
=
0
0
)
b)
Si
m
ulati
on
res
ults
of
the
PM
SM
dri
ve
f
or
a
ste
p
c
ha
ng
e
in
loa
d
t
orq
ue
of
T
l
=5
Nm
to
9N
m
at
const
an
t
sp
ee
d
c
orrespo
nd
i
ng to
a
freq
uen
cy
of f
r
=
10
Hz
.
Figure
8. Sim
ulati
on
r
es
ults
of the
prop
os
e
d con
t
ro
l sy
ste
m
f
or
diff
e
re
nt v
a
lues
of
(a)ψ=
-
19.
1
0
(
u.p.f) (
b)
ψ=
5
0
(l
agg
i
ng p.f
) (c) ψ=
-
30
0
(lea
ding
p.f)
Figure
9. Sim
ulati
on
r
es
ults
of the
prop
os
e
d con
t
ro
l sy
ste
m
f
or
diff
e
re
nt v
a
lues
of
(a)δ=8
.73
5
0
(
u.p.f) (
b)
δ=5
0
(la
gg
i
ng p.f
) (c) δ
=15
0
(leadin
g p
.f
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
4
.
5
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
q
s
i
n
a
m
p
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
20
40
60
80
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
d
s
i
n
a
m
p
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
5
10
15
20
25
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
s
p
e
e
d
i
n
r
a
d
/
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e
c
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
4
.
5
5
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
q
s
i
n
a
m
p
0
10
20
30
40
0
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
d
s
i
n
a
m
p
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
s
p
e
e
d
i
n
r
a
d
/
s
e
c
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
1
2
3
4
5
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
q
s
i
n
a
m
p
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
d
s
i
n
a
m
p
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
s
p
e
e
d
i
n
r
a
d
/
s
e
c
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
10
20
30
0
1
2
3
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
q
s
i
n
a
m
p
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
10
20
30
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
d
s
i
n
a
m
p
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
s
p
e
e
d
i
n
r
a
d
/
s
e
c
u
n
i
t
y
p
f
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
f
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
p
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd S
i
mu
l
ation of t
he
Co
ntro
l
Syste
m
for
Invert
er f
ed
Per
m
an
e
nt
Ma
gn
et
…
(
Ra
man
a
Pil
la
)
967
Figure
10. Si
m
ulati
on
res
ults
of the
pro
pose
d
c
on
t
ro
l sy
ste
m
f
or
F
OC (ψ
=0
0
)
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
pr
opos
e
d
dr
i
ve
syst
e
m
is
extensively
si
m
ula
te
d
unde
r
al
l
op
erati
ng
c
onditi
ons
inclu
ding
the
p.f
ov
e
r
la
gg
i
ng
to
le
adin
g
al
ong
with
unit
y.
By
sel
ect
ing
pro
pe
r
values
of
ξ
an
d
ω
n
of
syst
e
m
,
the
s
pee
d
c
ontrolle
r
is
desig
ne
d
t
o
achieve
desi
re
d
s
pee
d
respo
n
se.
An
N
LC
is
desi
gn
e
d
i
n
t
he
in
ner
cu
rr
e
nt
loop
base
d
on
exact
feedbac
k
li
neari
zat
ion
to
m
ake
the
syst
em
m
o
del
as
li
nea
r.
A
n
SFC
is
al
so
de
sign
e
d
for
e
nhancin
g
the
sta
bi
li
t
y
of
syst
em
us
in
g
pole
placem
e
nt
te
ch
nique
co
m
pr
isi
ng
of
li
ne
ar
sta
te
fee
dback
c
on
t
r
ol
la
w
.
For
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
SFC
al
l
the
syst
e
m
sta
te
s
are
require
d,
to
con
t
ro
l
the
dy
nam
ic
beh
a
viou
r
of
the
syst
em
.
T
her
e
f
or
e,
a
n
N
FO
is
desig
ne
d
for
est
i
m
at
es
the
syst
e
m
sta
te
s.
The
pro
po
se
d
c
ontr
ol
syst
em
has
bee
n
e
valuate
d
th
r
ough
e
xtensiv
e
si
m
ulati
o
n
us
i
ng MA
TLAB
, whic
h gives
b
e
tt
er p
er
f
or
m
ance und
e
r
al
l
operati
ng con
diti
on
s
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
G.
Kron,
“
Gene
ralize
d
the
or
y
of
el
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
m
a
chi
ner
y
,
”
Tr
ansacti
ons
of
the
Ame
rican
Insti
t
ute
of
Elec
tri
ca
l
Engi
ne
ers
,
vol
.
4
9,
no
.
2,
pp.
666
–
683,
1930
.
[2]
Praga
sen
Pil
lay
and
R
amu
Krishnan.
,
“
Modelli
ng
of
Pe
rm
ane
n
t
Magn
et
Motor
Drive
s,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Industrial
E
le
c
tronic
s
,
vo
l. 55, n
o.
4,
pp.
537
-
541
,
1988.
[3]
Praga
sen
Pi
ll
a
y
and
R
amu
Krishnan,
“
Modell
ing
,
sim
ula
ti
on
and
ana
l
y
sis
of
Perm
ane
nt
m
agne
t
m
otor
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es,
Par
t
-
I:
The
Perm
an
en
t
Magne
t
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y
nchr
onous
Motor
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,
”
IE
EE
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ansacti
ons
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Indu
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ad
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rm
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,
“
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ew
and
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m
par
ison
of
Sensorless
Te
chni
q
ues
to
Est
imate
the
Pos
it
ion
and
Speed
of
PM
SM
,
”
Inte
rnation
al
Journal
o
f
P
ower
Elec
troni
c
s
and
Dr
iv
e
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yste
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A.B.
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,
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y
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ani,
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nta
bl
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,
W
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Lu
an
d
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,
“
Anal
y
ti
c
al
Mod
el
for
Perm
ane
nt
Mag
net
Motors
wit
h
Surfac
e
m
ount
ed
Magne
ts,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on
Ene
rgy
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[6]
K.
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ar
y
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a,
N.
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upta
,
“
Design
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nd
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m
ent
a
tion
of
th
e
Con
tr
ol
S
y
st
em
for
a
n
Inve
rte
r
-
f
ed
S
y
n
chr
onous
Motor
Drive
,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
C
ontrol S
yste
ms
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ec
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y
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vo
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[7]
P.
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,
“
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e
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ack
Li
n
ea
ri
zation
o
f
a
Non
-
l
inear
Pe
rm
ane
nt
m
agnet
S
y
nchr
onous
m
o
tor
dr
ive
,
”
Indon
esian
Journal
o
f
Elec
tric
al
En
gi
nee
ring
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mputer
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e
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ce
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y
,
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ya
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la
va
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esh
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ar,
“
Design
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a
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-
li
ne
ar
R
educed
and
Full
orde
r
Obs
erv
ers
for
a
n
Inve
r
te
r
Fed
Perm
ane
nt
Mag
net
S
y
nch
ronou
s
Motor
Driv
e,”
Indian
Journal
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
an
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P.
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t
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r
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“
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f
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nt
Ma
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y
n
chr
ono
us
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Us
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nber
g
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24
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R.
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“
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for
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rm
ane
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Magn
e
t
S
y
nchr
onous
Ma
chi
ne
(PM
SM
),
”
Inte
rnational
J
ournal
of
Po
wer
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e
ct
ronic
s
and
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iv
e
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vo
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1903
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[11]
S.Iz
ad
and
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ri
,
“
Speed
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ane
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Magne
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Sy
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using
Feedb
a
ck
L
ine
ar
izati
o
n
Method,
”
Ind
ian
Journal
o
f Fund
amental
and
Ap
pli
ed
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[12]
G.L
iu
and
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Z
hang,
“
LQR
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ntrol
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rm
ane
nt
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t
S
y
n
chr
onous
Motor
Based
on
Ex
act
St
at
e
Fe
edba
c
k
Li
ne
ari
z
at
ion
,
”
I
nte
rnational
R
evie
w
on
Elec
tric
a
l
Eng
ine
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6
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.
[13]
Chira
njit
Sain
,
Atanu
Ban
erj
e
e,
P
abi
tr
a
Kum
ar
Biswas,
“
Com
par
at
i
ve
Perform
anc
e
Stud
y
for
Closed
Loop
Opera
t
ion
of
an
Adjust
able
Spe
ed
Perm
an
ent
Magne
t
S
y
n
chr
onous
Motor
Drive
wi
th
Dif
fer
ent
Con
trol
l
er
s,”
Inte
rnat
ional
Journal
of
Power
El
e
ct
ronics
an
d
Dr
iv
e
S
yste
m,
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7
,
no
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4
,
pp
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1085
-
1099,
De
c
ember
2016.
Ap
pe
ndix
-
A
: Mac
hine
Rati
ng
s
and p
ar
am
eters
of P
M
SM
Rat
ed
voltage
=4
00V,
Ra
te
d
cur
r
ent
=2
.
17A,
Rate
d
spee
d
=1500rp
m
,
No.
of
pol
es=4,
Pow
er
ra
ti
ng
=1.
2
kW
,
0
.
8
p.
f,
r
a=
6
.
1Ω
,
rdr=
16Ω
,
rqr=
4.
167Ω
,
ldr=
0
.
14454H,
lqr=
0
.
14H,
ll
=0
.
0163
93H,
la
d=0
.
06
228H,
la
q=0
.
0
3975H,
J=0.
048kg.
m
2,
β
=
0.
0048N
-
m
/rad/sec
.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
4
.
5
5
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
q
s
i
n
a
m
p
0
10
20
30
40
0
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
i
d
s
i
n
a
m
p
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
T
i
m
e
i
n
s
e
c
s
p
e
e
d
i
n
r
a
d
/
s
e
c
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