TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 11, No. 2, Februa
ry 2013, pp. 1018
~10
2
3
ISSN: 2302-4
046
1018
Re
cei
v
ed Se
ptem
ber 26, 2012; Revi
se
d Jan
uary 5, 2012; Accept
ed Ja
nua
ry 1
6
, 2013
A Method for Public Parking Facilities Operation
Condition Evaluation and Supply Scale Forecasting
Wang Yan
g
*
1, 2
, Wang Li-Juan
1
, W
a
ng F
a
n
3
, Huang Lin
1
1
School of Mec
han
ical, Electr
onic a
nd C
ontr
o
l Eng
i
ne
eri
ng,
Beiji
ng Jia
o
ton
g
Univ
ersit
y
, B
e
iji
ng, P.R.C.
2
School of Civ
il
Engin
eeri
ng,
Shiji
azh
u
a
ng T
i
ed
ao Un
iversit
y
, Shij
iaz
hua
ng
, P.R.C.
3
Departme
n
t of Expr
ess Del
i
v
e
r
y
a
nd L
o
g
i
sti
cs,
Shijiaz
hua
n
g
Posts and T
e
lecommu
nic
a
ti
ons T
e
chnical
Coll
eg
e, Shiji
a
z
hua
ng, P.R.C.
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: jtx
w
y@
16
3.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Based
on th
e traditi
ona
l trip
a
ttraction
mod
e
l
,
a new
metho
d
of op
erati
on
cond
ition
eva
l
u
a
tion
an
d
supp
ly scale f
o
recasti
ng for pub
lic park
i
n
g
facilities
is
pro
pose
d
. It begi
ns w
i
th the op
eratio
n con
d
iti
o
n
investi
gatio
n
o
f
existin
g
p
a
rk
ing
facil
i
ties, a
nd th
en
an
aly
z
e
s
q
ual
itative
l
y the
existin
g
parki
ng fac
iliti
e
s
supp
ly scal
e
b
y
four ind
e
xes
.
F
i
nally, it ca
n calc
u
l
ate th
e
supply sc
ale i
n
pred
ict year.
Combi
ned w
i
t
h
concrete w
o
rk
of urba
n p
a
rkin
g facil
i
ties
pla
n
n
in
g in
chi
na, t
he ev
al
uatio
n i
ndex
an
d pr
edi
ction
mo
del
w
e
r
e
app
lie
d, an
d t
he p
a
rki
ng fac
ilities
op
erati
o
n con
d
iti
on,
d
e
man
d
, sup
p
ly
scale
an
d i
n
t
e
rna
l
structure
ar
e
ana
ly
z
e
d
d
eep
ly. T
he
met
h
o
d
pr
opos
ed
in
the p
a
p
e
r ca
n
provi
de th
e th
eory
basis
for
the p
ubl
ic p
a
rk
in
g
facilities
pla
nni
ng in oth
e
r citie
s
.
Ke
y
w
ords
: pu
blic park
i
n
g
facilities, op
erat
i
o
n cond
ition ev
a
l
uati
on, supp
ly sca
le forec
a
sti
ng, trip attraction
mo
de
l
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Parki
ng ha
s
been
studie
d
many years and ha
s a
great d
e
velo
pment in de
veloped
countries, while there is st
ill backward i
n
this
fiel
d in China. Com
pared
with
ot
her countries,
becau
se of t
he different
so
cial
situati
on,
the re
se
arch
a
c
hi
eve
m
ents
abo
ut parkin
g
pla
n
n
ing
from develo
p
ed co
untri
es are not
suit
able fo
r
Chin
a. Chine
s
e
p
a
rki
ng p
r
obl
e
m
s have b
e
e
n
extensively studied in
19
9
0
s, a
brief
summary
of
the pa
st
rese
arch i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
ted bel
ow.
Yan
Kefei pre
s
ent
ed static o
ccurren
ce rate
model
ba
se
d
on land use
,
Li Feng prese
n
ted traffic
impact a
naly
s
is m
odel, China Academ
y of Urban P
annin
g
And
De
sign p
r
e
s
e
n
ted trip attra
c
tion
model, etc.
Previou
s
re
search
ha
s
sh
own
that th
e
traditional
p
r
edictio
n m
o
d
e
l for pa
rking
dem
and
has its dee
p
ba
se
of p
r
actice in
Chi
na [1
-3
]. Ba
sed
on
the
experie
nces
of the
previo
us
resea
r
chers, this pap
er en
deavored to pre
s
ent
a me
thod of opera
t
ion con
d
ition
evaluation a
nd
sup
p
ly scale f
o
re
ca
sting fo
r publi
c
pa
rki
n
g facilit
ie
s ba
sed
on trip
at
traction
mod
e
l
. By means
o
f
improvin
g tra
d
itional tri
p
attraction
mo
del, a p
r
edi
ction mod
e
l for p
ubli
c
pa
rking fa
cilitie
s is
establi
s
h
ed a
s
a core of the new meth
od [4-7]. A case stu
d
y is also pe
rform
ed to sho
w
the
appli
c
ation of
the method.
2. Methodol
ogical Appro
ach
2.1. Work Fl
o
w
Parki
ng fa
cilities pla
nning
is intend
ed
to pr
ovide
b
e
tter urban t
r
affic servi
c
e
level. It
sho
u
ld be
so
lved the pro
b
lems
about
servi
c
e a
nd
manag
eme
n
t of existing parking fa
cilities.
Therefore, it begin
s
with t
he ope
ration
con
d
ition
inv
e
stigatio
n of existing pa
rki
ng facilitie
s, and
then an
alyze
s
q
ualitatively the existin
g
pa
rki
ng fa
cilities
su
ppl
y scale by t
he detail
ed
data,
finally, it can cal
c
ulate the
su
p
p
ly scale i
n
predi
ct year.
There a
r
e three ki
nd
s of p
a
rki
ng d
e
ma
n
d
fo
re
ca
sting
model, p
r
edi
ction mod
e
l ba
sed
on
land
use; on
trip; an
d o
n
the
cha
r
a
c
te
ristics of
so
cial e
c
on
omic
activities. A
s
a pa
rt of u
r
b
an
comp
re
hen
si
ve transpo
rtation plan
ning,
parking fa
c
iliti
e
s pl
annin
g
i
s
con
s
ide
r
ed
as the foll
owi
ng
items [8-10]. Gene
rally, a compl
e
te O
D
data is
obtai
ned befo
r
e th
e parkin
g
facilities plan
nin
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
A Method for
Public Parking
Facilities Operation Conditi
on Evaluation... (Wang Yang)
1019
Therefore, th
e predi
ction
model for trip
attraction i
s
more
conve
n
i
ent.
Take th
e trip
attraction
m
odel a
s
the
core, the wo
rkin
g p
r
o
c
e
s
s op
eratio
n
con
d
ition
evaluation a
n
d
sup
p
ly scal
e forecastin
g for publi
c
pa
rking fa
cilities
can b
e
depi
ct
ed as Fig
u
re 1.
Figure 1. Process of Publi
c
Park
ing Facilities Sc
ale F
o
recasting
2.2. Opera
t
ion Condition
Ev
aluation Indexe
s
The operation condition
of existing parki
ng faciliti
e
s can be evaluated by following
indexe
s
.
(1)
Berth
tur
n
rou
nd
rate
λ
, the index
to mea
s
u
r
e t
he u
s
a
ge tim
e
s
of pa
rki
n
g
berth
s
durin
g the in
vestigation.
λ
indicat
e
s th
e avera
ge u
s
age time
s of
every parkin
g
berth
s.
λ
al
so
reveal th
e a
c
tivity of parki
ng d
e
man
d
,
that is, la
rge
r
λ
, the m
o
re
vehicle
s
access to p
a
rkin
g
facilities. It is not only rela
ted with pa
rki
ng dem
and,
but also
relat
ed with p
a
rki
ng supply. T
h
e
equatio
n is gi
ven by:
λ
=
S
/
C
(1)
whe
r
e
S
i
s
the parking n
u
m
bers du
ri
ng the
investigati
on,
C
is the parki
ng capa
ci
ty.
(2) Be
rth turn
roun
d rate i
n
pea
k hou
r
α
,
indicates the
degree of cro
w
din
g
in pea
k hou
r
and i
s
an im
p
o
rtant ind
e
x o
f
parki
ng
sup
p
ly. If
α
is hig
h
, the existin
g
parkin
g
faci
lities capa
city is
low. If
α
is low, the existing parking faci
lities ca
pacity is high and t
he utilization is low.
α
ca
n be
depi
cted a
s
follow:
α
=N
j
/
C
(2)
whe
r
e
N
j
is
p
a
rki
ng nu
mbe
r
s in rush hou
rs.
(3) Average p
a
rki
ng time
t
, the index to measure the traffic loading
and turn
rou
n
d
rate
of parking lo
t.
t
is longe
r,
the better u
s
ed fo
r parki
ng facilitie
s in time doma
i
n. It can be
depi
cted a
s
follows:
i
t
t
S
(3)
whe
r
e
t
i
i
s
the
parki
ng time
of the car
i
.
(4) Be
rth utili
zation
η
. It reveals th
e ut
ilization
stre
n
g
th of pa
rkin
g lot. It depe
nds
on
parking
lot lo
cation,
cap
a
ci
ty, and pa
rki
n
g man
agem
e
n
t and
so
on.
Too
high
or l
o
w a
r
e
not
well,
if
η
is low, a l
a
rge p
r
op
orti
on of parking
facilities
will
be a wa
ste, and if the utilization i
s
high
, i
t
will make the parking
crowded.
100%
ii
tP
TC
(4)
Moto
r
-vehicle tra
ffic attraction of tr
affic zone
OD dat
a
Peak hour
p
ar
kin
g
demand of n
o
n
-residential area
Off ro
ad
p
arkin
g
su
pp
l
y
Attached
p
arkin
g
su
pp
l
y
Side
p
arkin
g
su
pp
l
y
O
p
er
ation condition investi
g
ation of existin
g
p
arkin
g
facilitie
s
Parkin
g
char
acter
i
stics
sur
v
e
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No. 2, Februa
ry 2013 : 1018 – 1023
1020
whe
r
e
P
i
is
th
e numbe
rs of cars in pa
rkin
g time
t
i
,
T
is
the s
u
rvey time,
C
is parki
n
g
cap
a
cit
y
.
2.3. Prediction Model
The ge
ne
rati
on of pu
blic
p
a
rki
ng d
e
ma
n
d
is
related t
o
so
cial
econ
omical i
n
ten
s
i
on, and
so
cial e
c
on
o
m
ical inte
nsi
o
n dep
end
s on
the tra
ffic attraction
of traffic zone. Pa
rki
ng dem
and
can
be obtain
ed
according to
the relatio
n
ship
between
publi
c
parkin
g
dema
nd at
peak
hou
r a
nd
motor-ve
h
icl
e
attraction i
n
traffic zo
ne.
Based
on
the
sup
p
ly rate
and
sup
p
ly structu
r
e, different
types of parking facilities
supply in predict y
ear can be acqui
red.
Cons
i
d
ering the impacts
of
parking
ma
n
ageme
n
t on
the pa
rki
ng
d
e
mand
s, th
e
improve
d
mo
del b
a
sed
on
the tradition
al
model can be
defined a
s
follows.
D
A
P
(5)
S
i
P
=
P
D
·
ω
·
θ
i
(6)
whe
r
e,
P
D
is the peak ho
ur publi
c
pa
rking de
man
d
of traffic zone in predi
ct
year,
A
is non-
resi
dential m
o
tor-ve
h
icl
e
traffic attra
c
tion of traffic zone in predict year,
β
is the parki
ng
gene
ration of
motor-ve
h
icl
e
s,
γ
is the i
n
fluen
ce coe
fficient of pa
rkin
g man
a
g
e
ment,
μ
is t
he
parking
co
rre
c
tion coef
ficie
n
t at peak
ho
ur
,
S
i
P
is the parking facilit
ies
supply of type
i
,
ω
is the
parking
sup
p
l
y
rate of traffic zo
ne,
θ
i
is the parking facilities
supply proportion of
type
i
.
The mod
e
l a
bove is the i
m
prove
d
pre
d
icti
on m
odel
, its param
eters
cali
bratio
n sho
u
ld
follow pa
rki
n
g cha
r
a
c
teri
stics in p
r
edi
ct year
. The
succe
s
sful experie
nce o
f
other parki
ng
facilities planning
in
simil
a
r cities can
also
be taken as reference to
calibrate paramet
e
rs.
Ho
wever, the
experien
c
e h
a
s no g
u
ida
n
c
e be
ca
use o
f
difference of
traffic in different citie
s
.
3. Applicatio
n Analy
ses
3.1. Basic Situation of Public
Parking Facilities in S Cit
y
The traffic
zo
ne divi
sion
of
S city i
s
sho
w
n
i
n
Fi
gure
2. According
to the diffe
re
nce
of
parking
cha
r
acteri
stics in
different tra
ffic zone
s, the traffic zo
nes
can b
e
divided into
two
c
a
te
go
r
i
es
,
o
ne for
co
re
area
(No.1 a
nd No.2), o
n
e
for n
on-co
re area (othe
r
s). Th
e existi
ng
publi
c
parkin
g
facilities a
r
e
mainly attached pa
rki
ng l
o
t and sid
e
p
a
rki
ng lot. At
pre
s
ent, there are
450
parkin
g
l
o
ts for moto
rcars
and
31,
720
parkin
g
berth
s in
urb
an. Amon
g of
these, there
are
10,676
bert
h
s are
ch
argi
ng
, and 38,
334
berth
s a
r
e fre
e
. Gene
rally,
parking
lots i
s
comp
arativ
ely
centralized i
n
co
re
area. M
o
reove
r
, the
core
ar
ea also has
the
m
o
st pr
omi
nent problem betwe
en
parking
sup
p
l
y
and dema
n
d
. The dist
rib
u
tion den
sity
of parking b
e
r
ths in
co
re a
r
ea i
s
sh
own in
Figure 3.
Figure 2. The
Traffic Zon
e
Divisio
n
1
2
8
3
7
5
6
4
9
10
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
A Method for
Public Parking
Facilities Operation Conditi
on Evaluation... (Wang Yang)
1021
Figure 3. The
Distrib
u
tion
Den
s
ity of Parkin
g Berth
s
in Core Area
Since the
proportio
n
of m
o
torc
ars a
nd
parking
berth
s in
core are
a
is 15, a
nd
it is far
from the
int
e
rnatio
nal
st
anda
rd,
so
the g
a
p
of
p
ublic pa
rking
be
rths is a
l
so l
a
rge. T
h
e
contradi
ction
of parking
su
pply and de
m
and in traffi
c
area
1 is the
most serio
u
s.
The num
ber
of
side
pa
rki
ng
berth
s in
exi
s
ting
publi
c
parking
fa
cilit
ies i
s
la
rg
e,
and th
e d
r
iving i
s
di
sturb
e
d
greatly by it. In the p
eak ho
ur, the ave
r
a
ge pa
rking
of traffic is
abo
u
t
40 vehi
cles
per
kilom
e
ter.
It
may directly lead to the traffic in the cha
o
s, and it
will also redu
ce the traffic ca
p
a
city of relevant
road. Attach
ed parkin
g
lots incl
ude
parking lot
s
for variou
s types of ar
ch
itecture
s. As the
comm
on phe
nomen
on of attache
d
p
a
rking
lot
s
a
r
e o
c
cupie
d
, there are le
ss p
a
r
kin
g
b
e
rth
s
t
han
actual b
e
rth
s
, and the re
sul
t
leads to the in
crea
se of p
ublic p
a
rking
facilities d
e
m
and.
3.2. Operation Condition
Ev
aluati
on of Public Parking Facilities
For the
ope
ration conditio
n
evaluation
of S ci
ty’s p
ublic
parkin
g
facilities, 1
8
typical
publi
c
park lo
ts in core are
a
were sel
e
ct
ed to su
rvey, the basi
c
info
rmation of su
rvey sample
s is
sho
w
n
Table
1. The p
r
e
-
in
vestigation i
n
dicate
s the
p
a
rki
ng
dema
n
d
on
holiday
s is mu
ch
high
er
than p
a
rking
deman
d o
n
workdays,
so t
he
su
rvey
time is dete
r
min
ed at
7:00
~1
9:00 o
n
Su
nd
ay.
The indexe
s
whi
c
h are sh
own in Ta
ble
2.
can be
cal
c
ulate
d
after data pro
c
e
s
si
ng.
Table 1. The
Basic Inform
ation of Survey Samples
Location
Number
Side Parking Lot
Off Roa
d
Park
ing
Lot
Attached Parking Lot
Around Ma
rket
2
2
2
Around Restau
ra
nt
2
2
2
Around Hot
e
l
2
2
2
Table 2. Ope
r
ation Conditi
on Evaluation
Indexes
of Public Pa
rki
ng
Facilitie
s in S City
Par
k
ing F
a
cilities
Ty
pe
λ
α
η
/
(%
)
t
(mi
n
)
Side Parking Lot
5.6
3.1
56
66
Off Roa
d
Parking
Lot
4.7
3.0
50
86
Attached Parking Lot
4.8
2.8
49
78
Acco
rdi
ng
to Table 2,
the operation con
d
ition
f
eatu
r
e
s
of p
ublic pa
rkin
g fa
cilities can
be
obtaine
d as f
o
llows:
(1)
λ
an
d
α
is relatively hig
h
. Acco
rdin
g to t
he survey
data in deve
l
oped
cou
n
tri
e
s,
α
of
side
parkin
g
lot is u
s
ually
about 3.8,
a
nd
α
of off road p
a
rking
l
o
t or atta
che
d
pa
rkin
g lot
is
usu
a
lly at the rang
e of 1.0
~
2.3.
λ
and
α
shows that the parki
ng facilities utili
zati
on is hi
gh, but i
t
is esse
ntial for increa
se the
parki
ng supp
ly.
(2) Sid
e
pa
rki
ng lot have t
he shorte
st
t
.
It is because
that the side
parking l
o
t is
most
near the
working lo
cation,
and peopl
e usu
a
lly choo
se the nea
re
st place to park. Peo
p
le wh
o
have eno
ugh
time may cho
o
se off ro
ad p
a
rki
ng lot or a
ttached p
a
rki
ng lot.
(3)
η
of sid
e
parking l
o
t is highe
r than
others. Ac
cording to the in
vestigation, it can b
e
found that the side pa
rkin
g lot has ob
vious pea
k-h
our an
d the sho
r
test
t
, so there will be
Lege
nd
500-1,000
berths
per square kilom
e
ters
1,000 - 1,5
00 be
r
t
hs per square
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Vol. 11, No. 2, Februa
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1022
d
i
ffe
r
e
nc
es
on
η
.
Acco
rdin
g to the feature
s
of si
de
parking l
o
t, low
η
i
s
bette
r for redu
cing
the
influenc
e
to dynamic
traffic.
3.3. Trip Attr
action
The total vol
u
me of the u
r
ban
re
sid
ent
trav
els i
s
9.
675 millio
n p
e
rson
-time p
e
r day in
predi
ct ye
ar.
The
stru
ctu
r
e
of resi
dent
tri
p
pu
rp
ose
i
s
sho
w
n
in
Tab
l
e 3. T
h
e
stru
cture
of
re
sid
ent
trip mo
de in
different t
r
ip
purpo
se i
s
sho
w
n
in T
a
ble 4.
A
can
be
got by
comprehe
nsiv
ely
con
s
id
ere
d
re
side
nt trip purpose and resi
dent trip mod
e
.
Table 3. The
Structu
r
e of Re
side
nt Trip
Purpo
s
e (%)
Go to Wo
rk
Go to School
Business
Go Hom
e
Shopping
Entertainment
Visit
i
ng
Others
Total
25.4
9.0
1.8
47.7
6.8
3.0
1.4
4.9
100.0
Table 4. The
Structu
r
e of Re
side
nt Tr
ip
Mode in Different T
r
ip Purpose (%)
Wa
y
s
Go to Wo
rk
Go to School
Business
Go
Hom
e
Shopping
Entertainment
Visit
i
ng
Others
Walk 16.3
31.3
6.2
26.9
45.8
69.1
11.0
30.8
Bicy
cle 53.6
53.6
26.8
47.8
36.7
20.7
42.1
36.8
Electric Bicy
cle
16.2
2.2
9.0
10.2
3.6
2.1
5.9
7.8
Bus 4.9
9.0
6.8
7.0
9.5
4.0
29.1
7.7
Private Car
4.6
0.9
25.1
3.5
1.5
1.2
4.6
5.3
Taxi
0.4
0.1
5.8
0.7
0.6
1.1
4.6
1.9
Official Car
2.2
0.1
18.4
1.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.9
Motorc
y
c
le
1.5
0.3
1.3
1.2
0.5
0.6
1.2
2.1
Others
0.5
2.5
0.6
1.5
1.6
1.1
1.1
6.6
Total 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Table 5.
θ
i
in
Different Traffic
Zones
(%
)
Traffic zone
T
y
pe
θ
i
Side Parking Lot
Off Roa
d
Park
ing
Lot
Attached Parking Lot
1, 2
Core Ar
ea
8
14
78
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9,
10
Non-Co
re Are
a
5
10
85
3.4. Parameter Calibra
tio
n
The pa
ramet
e
rs of differen
t
kind of traffic zo
ne
s are
calibrate
d as f
o
llows:
(1) Pa
rking
g
eneration of
motor-ve
h
icl
e
s
β
. The p
a
rki
ng time which
less thre
e mi
nutes i
s
mainly the temporary pa
rking that
the passe
nge
rs
get on or off
the vehicle
s
, in this case
, it
prod
uces no
parking
dem
and. Acco
rdi
ng to the
a
c
tual
conditio
n
, the pe
rcenta
ge for tempo
r
ary
parking
of co
re a
r
ea
and
non-co
re
are
a
are
15% a
nd 12%
re
sp
ectively, so t
he ge
neratio
ns of
motor-ve
h
icl
e
s are 8
5
% in core area, 88
% in non-core area.
(2) Influen
ce
coeffici
ent of
parking
ma
n
ageme
n
t
γ
. A
c
cording to t
he differenc
es
in the
confli
ct bet
ween
parkin
g
sup
p
ly and
d
e
mand,
differrent traffic m
anag
ement
strategy can
be
con
s
id
ere
d
, it is 0.9 in co
re
area an
d 1.0
in non-co
re a
r
ea.
(3) Berth
turnrou
nd
rate
i
n
pe
ak ho
ur
α
.
Ba
se
d o
n
the
pa
rki
n
g sampl
e
su
rvey,
the
averag
e turnround
rate
of
variou
s p
a
rki
ng fa
cilitie
s
a
r
e u
s
u
a
lly ra
nge from 1.0
to 5.0. In
Ch
ina
the rate a
r
e
range from 1.
5 to 4.0. typesis
5.0 in
core are
a
, and 4
.
0 in non
-core are
a
. Du
e to the
reinfo
rcement
of parkin
g
m
anag
ement a
nd the impl
e
m
enatation of
parki
ng cha
r
ging, the rate
will
be improved
greatly.
α
will
be 5.0 and 4.
0 respe
c
tively in core a
r
e
a
and no
n-co
re
area.
(4) Pa
rkin
g correctio
n
coef
ficient at pea
k hou
r
μ
. Based on actu
al con
d
ition of plannin
g
area a
nd exp
e
rien
ce of oth
e
r citie
s
,
μ
is
1.2 in this pa
per.
(5) Be
rth s
u
pply
rate
ω
.
Gene
rally, the value of
ω
is ra
nge
from 1.10 t
o
1.30.
Con
s
id
erin
g t
he
scarcity of
land
resources
and
irratio
nality of traffi
c tri
p
m
ode, t
he
ω
of co
re
area
and no
n-co
re
area a
r
e 0.9
5
and 1.15 re
spe
c
tively.
(6) Parking facilitie
s supply
proportion
θ
i
.
Du
e to th
e rebuild
difficult
ies in
core a
r
ea, the
prop
ortio
n
of
attache
d
pa
rking be
rth
can
not be
e
nha
n
c
ed gre
a
tly,
so
the
pa
rking probl
em can be
solved m
a
inl
y
by off road parking fa
cil
i
ties. Ho
weve
r, in the non
-core area, th
e pro
b
lem
was
solved
mainly
by atta
ched
parking
be
rth
.
For the
publ
ic p
a
rking
fa
cilities, the
pro
portion
of
sid
e
parking to
off road
parkin
g
in S city is a
bout 1.00.
Bu
t in China, th
e value is
ab
out 0.25. So the
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
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046
A Method for
Public Parking
Facilities Operation Conditi
on Evaluation... (Wang Yang)
1023
prop
ortio
n
of side p
a
rking
sho
u
ld be red
u
ce
d pro
p
e
r
ly, the selecte
d
result of
θ
i
i
s
sho
w
n Ta
ble
5.
3.5. Forecas
ting Results
Acco
rdin
g to
the above
a
nalysi
s
, the
publ
i
c
pa
rki
n
g dema
nd a
nd pa
rki
ng
supply are
sho
w
n in Ta
b
l
e 6.
Table 6. Fo
re
ca
sting Resul
t
s of Parkin
g Dema
nd an
d Parki
ng Supp
ly (10
4
berth
)
Traffic Zone
P
D
P
i
Side Parking Lot
Off Roa
d
Parking
Lot
Attached Parking Lot
Total Suppl
y
1 2.92
0.23
0.39
2.16
2.77
2 4.73
0.36
0.63
3.50
4.49
3 2.58
0.15
0.3
2.52
2.97
4 5.03
0.29
0.58
4.92
5.78
5 4.65
0.27
0.53
4.55
5.35
6 3.46
0.2
0.4
3.38
3.98
7 6.24
0.36
0.72
6.1
7.18
8 4.12
0.24
0.47
4.03
4.74
9 6.28
0.36
0.72
6.14
7.22
10 0.15
0.01
0.02
0.15
0.17
Total 40.20
37.50
4.80
2.50
44.70
4. Conclusio
n
On the
basi
s
of absorbing
and le
arni
ng f
r
om p
r
eviou
s
resea
r
ch, this pape
r p
r
e
s
e
n
ts the
method
of o
peratio
n
con
d
ition evalu
a
t
ion an
d
sup
p
ly scale fo
reca
sting
for
publi
c
pa
rkin
g
facilities based on trip attraction model, with t
he stati
c
traffic management
influence
coeffici
ent,
the tradition
al
attractio
n
m
odel i
s
imp
r
o
v
ed. Finally, a ca
se
study
wa
s al
so p
e
r
forme
d
to
sh
ow
the appli
c
atio
n of the met
hod. Th
e mo
del an
d it
s
p
a
ram
e
ter cali
bration pri
n
ci
ples whi
c
h
i
s
prop
osed i
n
the pa
per
could
provid
e
the the
o
reti
cal
ba
sis for the p
ubli
c
parking
facili
ties
planni
ng in ot
her citie
s
.
Furthe
r resea
r
ch
nee
ds to
be condu
cted
to deal with
more
pro
b
le
ms in the m
o
del, and
to see
k
out o
t
her po
ssible
param
eters.
The ava
ila
ble
model remai
n
s relatively limitations, an
d
so imp
r
ovem
ents in this a
r
ea are al
so
welcom
ed.
Referen
ces
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ug In
g
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u, F
u
Sh
an
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and
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io
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n
d
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p
o
r
t Remote
an
d
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rminal Parki
ng F
a
cil
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r
ansp
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g
W
e
i Guo
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Z
i
You Gao,
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ao B
ao Y
ang
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ao Me
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h
a
o
, W
u
Hon
g
W
ang. Mo
de
lin
g
T
r
avel
T
i
m
e
und
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J
ourn
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r
an
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ngi
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a
g
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r
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e
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enck
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vel
opm
ent
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y
b
r
id
Kn
o
w
le
dg
e-Bas
e
d Geo
g
rap
h
ic
Information
S
ystem for Opti
mall
y
Loc
ating
Park-a
nd-ri
de
Faciliti
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ona
l J
o
u
r
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m
ar
t
Engi
neer
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g System Des
i
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Ardesh
i
r F
agh
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g, Khale
d
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m
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e
r
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o
w
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edg
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d
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phic
Inf
o
rmatio
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ste
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e
termi
nin
g
Optima
l L
o
catio
n
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k
-and-ri
de
F
a
ci
lities.
Jou
r
nal
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an
n
i
ng a
nd D
e
vel
o
pment
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Z
hu, H
o
n
g
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ng
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a
itao
Li
u. Park
in
g
Spac
e
Det
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gn
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a
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azq
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heng Y
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