Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
2
,
Febr
uar
y
201
9
, pp.
7
44
~
751
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
2
.pp
744
-
751
744
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Perform
ance ana
lysis on t
elec
ommun
icat
ion
co
mp
an
ies in
malaysi
a with T
OP
SIS m
od
el
Lam We
ng H
oe
1
, L
am We
n
g
Siew
2
, Liew
Ka
h
F
ai
3
1
,2,3
Depa
rtment
o
f
Ph
y
si
ca
l
and
Mathe
m
atical
Sc
ience
,
Facu
lty
o
f
S
ci
en
ce,
Unive
rsit
i
Tunku
Abdul
R
ahman,
Kam
par
Campus
,
Mal
a
y
s
ia
1,
2,3
Cent
re
for
M
at
hemat
ic
a
l
Sc
ience
s,
C
ent
r
e
for
Business a
nd
M
ana
gement
,
Uni
v
ersit
i
Tunku
A
bdul
Rahman,
Kam
par
Campus
,
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
N
ov
15
, 201
8
Re
vised
Dec
16
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Dec
30
, 201
8
Emerge
nce
of
t
e
le
comm
unic
atio
n
companie
s
is
s
pringi
ng
up
due
to
the
high
demand
from
th
e
consum
ers.
The
inve
nti
on
of
telec
om
m
unic
atio
n
has
m
ade
the
world
m
ore
knowledge
able
as
informati
on
ca
n
be
tra
nsm
it
te
d
e
asi
l
y
.
Based
on
the
pa
st
studie
s,
tele
co
m
m
unic
at
ion
is
not
comm
onl
y
i
nvesti
gated
espe
cially
in
fi
nanc
i
al
m
ana
ge
m
ent
fie
ld.
Th
ere
ore
,
thi
s
stud
y
ai
m
s
to
propose
a
conc
e
ptua
l
fra
m
ework
to
eva
luate
,
co
m
par
e
and
ran
k
the
fina
n
ci
a
l
per
form
anc
e
of
the
li
st
ed
te
l
ec
o
m
m
unic
at
ion
co
m
pani
es
in
Malay
si
a
using
TOPS
I
S
m
odel
.
Financial
ra
ti
o
s
are
emplo
y
ed
to
exa
m
ine
th
e
fin
anc
i
al
per
form
anc
e
of
the
t
el
e
comm
unic
a
ti
on
compan
i
es.
Th
e
da
ta
of
thi
s
stud
y
consists
of
D
IGI,
MA
XIS
,
AX
IATA
an
d
TM
which
are
li
st
e
d
te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
i
on
companie
s
in
Malay
s
ia
stock
m
ark
et
.
Th
e
res
ult
s
of
thi
s
stud
y
show
that
DIG
I
ac
hi
eves
the
first
r
ank
ing,
fol
lowed
b
y
MA
XIS
,
AX
IATA
and
TM
withi
n
the
st
ud
y
p
eri
od
of
yea
r
2011
-
2015
.
Thi
s
stud
y
is
signifi
c
ant
beca
use
it
hel
ps
to
eva
luate,
com
par
e
and
ran
k
t
he
fina
nc
ia
l
per
form
anc
e
of
t
he
l
iste
d
te
l
ec
om
m
u
nic
at
ion
companie
s
in
Mal
a
y
s
ia
wi
th
th
e
proposed
concep
tua
l
fra
m
ework based
on
TOPS
IS m
odel
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Finan
ci
al
Rat
io
s
Op
ti
m
al
So
luti
on
Ra
nk
i
ng
Tel
ecom
m
un
icati
on
C
om
pan
y
TOP
S
IS M
ode
l
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Lam
W
en
g Si
ew
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f Physi
cal
and
Ma
them
a
ti
cal
Scie
nce,
Faculty
of S
ci
e
nce,
U
niv
e
rsiti
Tunku
A
bdul
Ra
hm
an,
K
am
par Ca
m
pu
s,
Jal
an Un
i
ver
sit
i, Ban
dar
Ba
rat
, 31900
Kam
par
, Pera
k,
Mal
a
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
:
lam
ws
@u
ta
r
.edu.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Tel
ecom
m
un
icati
on
is
gro
wing
nowa
days
due
to
high
dem
a
nd
f
ro
m
the
c
ust
om
ers.
The
c
hangin
g
i
n
bu
si
ness
e
nv
ir
on
m
ent
enab
le
s
te
le
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
an
d
IT
i
ndus
try
to
com
bin
e
an
d
w
ork
ou
t
to
gethe
r
suc
h
as
m
anag
em
ent
inf
or
m
at
ion
sys
tem
(MIS)
so
that
the
i
ndus
t
r
y
is
m
or
e
serv
i
ce
-
ori
ente
d
[
1]
.
Plenty
m
ob
il
e
data
plan
a
nd
se
r
vices are d
esi
gned
accordin
g
to
m
od
ern
people
li
festy
le
. S
ince the co
m
pan
y desires t
o
upgr
ade its
syst
e
m
,
netw
ork
s
pee
d
as
well
as
c
overa
ge,
it
re
qu
i
res
a
hu
ge
a
m
ou
nt o
f
fi
nan
ci
al
s
uppo
r
t
to
ac
hieve
the
goal
.
In
Ma
la
ysi
a,
t
el
ecom
m
un
ic
ation
is
no
t
c
om
m
on
ly
inv
es
ti
gated
espe
ci
al
ly
in
finan
ci
a
l
m
anag
em
ent
fiel
d.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
he
finan
ci
al
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
the
te
le
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
com
pan
ie
s
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
sh
ou
ld
be
inv
est
igate
d
.
The
fina
ncial
rati
o
a
naly
sis
has
bee
n
a
do
pted
by
dif
fere
nt
re
searc
hers
in
determ
ining
the
fina
ncial
p
e
rfo
rm
ance o
f
t
he c
om
pan
ie
s [2
-
14
]
.
Tech
nique
Ord
er
of
P
ref
e
re
nc
e
by
Si
m
i
la
rit
y
to
Id
eal
So
l
ution
(TOPS
IS)
is
a
decisi
on
too
l
wh
ic
h
aim
s
to
so
lve
m
ul
ti
-
c
rite
ria
decisi
on
m
aking
pr
ob
le
m
[1
5]
.
TO
PSIS
m
od
el
aim
s
to
determ
ine
the
al
te
rn
at
ive
wh
ic
h
is
cl
os
e
st
to
the
best
i
deal
s
olu
ti
on
a
nd
fa
rthest
fro
m
the
w
or
st
i
de
al
so
luti
on
i
n
a
m
ulti
-
d
i
m
ension
al
com
pu
ti
ng
spa
ce
[
16,
17]
.
It
ha
s
been
ap
plied
e
xtensiv
el
y
in
t
he
va
rio
us
ar
e
as
su
c
h
as
fi
nan
ci
al
com
pan
ie
s
[
2]
,
autom
otive
industry
[
9],
lo
dg
i
ng
co
m
pan
ie
s
[10],
te
xtil
e
firm
s
[
12
]
a
nd
pe
ns
i
on
com
pan
ie
s
[
18]
.
Each
al
te
r
na
ti
ve
will
be
ass
ign
e
d
a
sc
or
e
of
relat
ive
cl
ose
ness
to
the
id
eal
so
luti
on
by
us
i
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Perf
orma
nce
analysis
on tel
e
comm
un
ic
atio
n
c
omp
an
ie
s
in
malaysi
a
wi
th
TO
P
SIS m
od
el
(
La
m
We
ng Hoe
)
745
TOP
S
IS
m
od
e
l.
The
al
te
r
native
with
t
he
hi
gh
est
sc
or
e
of
relat
ive
cl
os
eness
to
t
he
i
deal
so
l
ution
will
be
consi
der
e
d
as
the
best
al
te
r
na
ti
ve
am
on
g
a
ll
the
al
te
rn
at
ives
a
vaila
ble.
TOP
S
IS
m
od
e
l
is
propose
d
i
n
this
stud
y
si
nce
it
can
e
valuate,
com
par
e
an
d
r
ank
the
overal
l
f
ina
ncial
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
t
he
te
le
com
m
un
i
cat
ion
com
pan
ie
s in M
al
ay
sia
b
y co
ns
ide
rin
g
the
i
m
po
rtant f
i
nanci
al
r
at
ios.
The
obj
ect
ive
of
t
his
pa
per
is
to
pro
pose
a
c
on
ce
ptu
al
fr
am
ewor
k
to
e
valu
at
e,
com
par
e
and
ra
nk
t
he
fina
ncial
per
f
orm
ance
of
the
li
ste
d
te
le
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
co
m
pan
ie
s
in
M
al
ay
sia
with
T
OP
S
IS
m
od
el
.
DI
G
I
,
MAX
IS
,
AXI
ATA
a
nd
TM
are
the
li
ste
d
te
le
com
m
un
ic
ation
com
pan
ie
s
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
s
t
ock
m
ark
et
.
T
he
rest
of
t
he
pap
e
r
is
orga
nized
as
f
ollows.
T
he
ne
xt
sect
ion
disc
us
ses
a
bout
t
he
data
a
nd
m
et
ho
dolo
gy
of
t
he
stud
y.
Sect
ion
3 p
rese
nts the
em
pirical
r
esults
of thi
s stu
dy. S
ect
io
n 4 c
on
cl
ud
e
s t
he pape
r.
2.
DA
T
A AND
METHO
DOL
OGY
The
data o
f
thi
s
stu
dy
c
on
sist
s
of f
ou
r
li
ste
d t
el
ecom
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
c
om
pan
ie
s
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
st
ock
m
ark
et
as sho
wn in T
a
ble 1.
Table
1.
Li
ste
d Tel
ecom
m
un
ic
at
ion
C
om
pan
ie
s in
Ma
la
ysi
a Stoc
k
Ma
r
ket
Co
m
p
an
y
Na
m
e
Ab
b
reviatio
n
s
Co
d
e
AXIA
TA
GROUP
BERHAD
[
S]
AXIA
TA
6888
DIGI.C
OM
BERH
AD [
S]
DIGI
6947
MAX
IS
BER
HAD
[
S]
MAX
IS
6012
TE
L
EKO
M
MAL
AYSIA
BERH
AD
[
S]
TM
4863
Sour
ce:
[19]
The
fi
nan
ci
al
r
at
ios
in
this
stu
dy
are
obta
ine
d
from
the
respec
ti
ve
com
pan
ie
s’
fina
ncial
an
nu
al
re
port
from
yea
r
2011
un
ti
l 2
015 as
shown
from
(
1) to
(7) [
20
]
.
s
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
s
s
e
t
s
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(1)
100%
×
eq
u
i
t
y
r
s
'
s
h
ar
eh
o
l
d
e
T
o
t
al
p
r
o
f
i
t
N
et
=
eq
u
i
t
y
on
R
et
u
r
n
(2)
%
1
0
0
S
al
e
s
p
r
o
f
i
t
N
et
=
m
ar
g
i
n
P
r
o
f
i
t
(3)
eq
u
i
t
y
r
s
'
s
h
ar
eh
o
l
d
e
T
o
t
al
s
l
i
ab
i
l
i
t
i
e
T
o
t
al
=
r
at
i
o
eq
u
i
t
y
D
eb
t
t
o
(4
)
s
h
ar
e
s
of
N
u
m
b
e
r
p
r
o
f
i
t
N
et
=
s
h
ar
e
p
e
r
E
a
r
n
i
n
g
s
(5)
%
100
s
h
a
r
e
p
er
p
r
i
c
e
M
a
r
k
et
s
h
a
r
e
p
er
D
i
v
i
d
en
d
=
y
i
el
d
D
i
v
i
d
en
d
(6)
s
h
ar
e
p
er
E
ar
n
i
n
g
s
s
h
ar
e
p
er
p
r
i
ce
M
ar
k
et
=
r
at
i
o
ea
r
n
i
n
g
s
P
r
i
ce
(7)
The
best
ideal
al
te
rn
at
ives
se
ek
the
fina
ncia
l
rati
os
that
ne
ed
to
be
m
ini
m
iz
ed
are
de
bt
to
e
qu
it
y
rati
o
and
PE
rati
o.
On
the
oth
e
r
ha
nd,
c
urren
t
ra
ti
o,
ROE
,
prof
i
t
m
arg
in,
EPS
and
di
vid
e
nd
yi
el
d
are
t
he
fi
na
ncial
rati
os
that
sh
ould
be
m
axi
m
i
zed.
TO
PS
IS
m
od
el
aims
to
determ
ine
the
al
te
rn
at
ive
w
hich
is
cl
os
est
to
the
best
ideal
so
l
ution a
nd f
a
rthest
fro
m
th
e worst i
de
al
so
luti
on a
s
sh
ow
n:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
7
4
4
–
7
5
1
746
Step
1: F
or
m
ation
of
dec
isi
on m
a
trix (
n
m
ij
x
)
(
):
Con
st
ru
ct
a
n
e
valuati
on m
at
ri
x
as
sho
wn b
el
ow.
n
m
ij
x
)
(
mn
m
m
n
n
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
...
2
1
2
22
21
1
12
11
(8)
Step
2: F
or
m
ation
of
norm
al
i
zed
decisi
on m
at
rix:
Con
st
ru
ct
nor
m
al
iz
ed
decisi
on m
at
rix
n
m
ij
r
R
)
(
as s
how
n belo
w.
n
j
m
i
x
x
r
m
i
ij
ij
ij
,...,
2
,
1
,
,...,
2
,
1
,
1
2
(9)
n
m
ij
r
)
(
R
=
mn
m
m
n
n
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
...
2
1
2
22
21
1
12
11
(10)
Step
3: F
or
m
ation
of
no
m
inal norm
al
iz
ed
decisi
on
m
at
rix
(T
).
m
i
r
w
t
n
m
ij
j
n
m
ij
,...,
2
,
1
,
)
(
)
(
T
(11)
W
he
re
n
j
W
W
w
n
j
j
j
j
,...,
2
,
1
,
1
1
1
n
j
j
w
an
d
j
W
is t
he ori
gin
al
weig
ht
giv
en
to
t
he
i
nd
i
cat
or
j
w
, j
=
1, 2,
…,n.
mn
n
m
m
n
n
n
n
r
w
r
w
r
w
r
w
r
w
r
w
r
w
r
w
r
w
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
...
2
2
1
1
2
22
2
21
1
1
12
2
11
1
T
(12)
Step
4: D
et
e
rm
inati
on
of the
best
ideal (
b
A
)
s
olut
ion
a
nd the
wor
st i
deal (
w
A
)
s
ol
ution
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Perf
orma
nce
analysis
on tel
e
comm
un
ic
atio
n
c
omp
an
ie
s
in
malaysi
a
wi
th
TO
P
SIS m
od
el
(
La
m
We
ng Hoe
)
747
},
,...,
2
,
1
|
{
}
|
)
,...,
2
,
1
|
m
a
x
(
,
|
)
,...,
2
,
1
|
m
i
n
(
{
n
j
t
J
j
m
i
t
J
j
m
i
t
A
bj
ij
ij
b
(13)
},
,...,
2
,
1
|
{
}
|
)
,...,
2
,
1
|
m
i
n
(
,
|
)
,...,
2
,
1
|
m
a
x
(
{
n
j
t
J
j
m
i
t
J
j
m
i
t
A
wj
ij
ij
w
(14)
Step
5:
Ca
lc
ula
ti
on
of
se
par
at
ion
m
easur
es
for
eac
h
al
te
r
native
base
d
on
th
e
best
i
deal
s
olu
ti
on
ib
d
an
d
wor
st
ideal
so
l
ution
iw
d
.
m
i
t
t
d
n
j
bj
ij
ib
,
.
.
.,
2
,
1
,
)
(
1
2
(15)
m
i
t
t
d
n
j
wj
ij
iw
,...,
2
,
1
,
)
(
1
2
(16)
Step
6: Cal
cula
ti
on
of r
el
at
ive
distances
from
the ideal s
olu
ti
on
iw
s
:
m
i
s
d
d
d
s
iw
iw
ib
iw
iw
,...,
2
,
1
,
1
0
,
(17)
Step
7:
Alte
rnat
ives
are
cal
c
ulate
d
a
nd
ra
nked
de
pe
nd
i
ng
on
t
heir
pro
xim
ity
to
the
ide
al
so
luti
on.
Ra
nk
t
he
al
te
rn
at
ives ac
cordin
g
to
)
,
.
.
.
,
2
,
1
(
m
i
s
iw
in d
escen
ding o
r
de
r
an
d
sel
ect
the alt
ern
at
ive w
it
h
the h
ig
hest val
ue
of
iw
s
wh
ic
h
is cl
os
est
to
1.
3.
EMPI
RICAL
RESU
LT
S
Table
2,
Table
3
a
nd
Ta
ble
4
pr
ese
nt
t
he
m
ulti
-
crit
eria
deci
sion
m
aking
m
at
rix,
norm
al
ized
decisi
on
m
at
rix
an
d
wei
gh
te
d
norm
al
ized
decisi
on
m
a
trix
res
pecti
vel
y.
The
posit
ive
ideal
so
l
utio
n
and
ne
gative
i
deal
so
luti
on
for
ea
ch deci
sio
n
crit
erio
n
are
prese
nted
i
n
Fi
gure
1.
Table
2.
M
ulti
-
Crit
eria Decisi
on
Ma
ki
ng Mat
rix
Co
m
p
an
y
Cu
rr
en
t r
atio
ROE (
%
)
Prof
it
m
argin
(%)
Deb
t to
eq
u
ity
r
atio
EPS
Div
id
en
d
y
ield
(
%
)
PE
r
atio
AXIA
TA
8
.02
5
1
3
.66
4
1
4
0
.712
0
.07
9
0
.27
8
3
.56
7
1
5
3
.793
DIGI
2
2
2
.255
2
0
6
.289
1
0
0
.010
0
.00
1
0
.22
5
4
.34
8
2
3
.23
9
MAX
IS
4
4
.44
1
6
.62
7
8
5
.29
3
0
.28
8
0
.25
3
5
.84
3
2
6
.93
4
TM
1
.07
5
1
4
.64
9
9
.88
3
2
.27
3
0
.25
5
3
.68
9
2
3
.73
5
Table
3.
N
or
m
al
iz
ed
Decisi
on Mat
rix
(2
011
-
20
15)
Co
m
p
an
y
Cu
rr
en
t r
atio
ROE (
%
)
Prof
it
m
argin
(%)
Deb
t to
eq
u
ity
r
atio
EPS
Div
id
en
d
y
ield
(
%
)
PE
r
atio
AXIA
TA
0
.03
5
3
8
0
.06
5
9
0
0
.72
9
8
1
0
.03
4
5
6
0
.54
8
2
9
0
.40
0
3
9
0
.96
3
4
5
DIGI
0
.97
9
9
6
0
.99
4
8
1
0
.51
8
7
1
0
.00
0
4
2
0
.44
4
0
4
0
.48
8
0
0
0
.14
5
5
8
MAX
IS
0
.19
5
9
5
0
.03
1
9
6
0
.44
2
3
8
0
.12
5
7
2
0
.49
8
9
3
0
.65
5
8
1
0
.16
8
7
3
TM
0
.00
4
7
4
0
.07
0
6
4
0
.05
1
2
6
0
.99
1
4
6
0
.50
3
2
7
0
.41
4
0
7
0
.14
8
6
9
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
7
4
4
–
7
5
1
748
Table
4.
Weig
hted N
or
m
al
ized
Decisi
on M
at
rix
(
2011
-
20
15)
Co
m
p
an
y
Cu
rr
en
t r
atio
ROE (
%
)
Prof
it
m
argin
(%)
Deb
t to
eq
u
ity
r
atio
EPS
Div
id
en
d
y
ield
(
%
)
PE
r
atio
AXIA
TA
0
.00
5
0
5
0
.00
9
4
1
0
.10
4
2
6
0
.00
4
9
4
0
.07
8
3
3
0
.05
7
2
0
0
.13
7
6
4
DIGI
0
.13
9
9
9
0
.14
2
1
2
0
.07
4
1
0
0
.00
0
0
6
0
.06
3
4
3
0
.06
9
7
1
0
.02
0
8
0
MAX
IS
0
.02
7
9
9
0
.00
4
5
7
0
.06
3
2
0
0
.01
7
9
6
0
.07
1
2
8
0
.09
3
6
9
0
.02
4
1
0
TM
0
.00
0
6
8
0
.01
0
0
9
0
.00
7
3
2
0
.14
1
6
4
0
.07
1
9
0
0
.05
9
1
5
0
.02
1
2
4
Figure
1. Be
st
ideal
(
Ab)
a
nd
worst ideal
(
A
w)
so
l
utions
As
s
how
n
in
F
igure
1,
the
A
w
that
dete
rm
i
ned
by
the
T
O
PSI
S
m
od
el
f
or
cu
rr
e
nt
rati
o,
ROE,
prof
it
m
arg
in,
de
bt
t
o
e
qu
it
y
rati
o,
EPS,
div
i
de
nd
yi
el
d
an
d
PE
rati
o
are
0.0
00
7,
0.0
046,
0.0
073,
0.1
416,
0.0
634,
0.057
2
an
d
0.
1376
res
pecti
ve
ly
.
On
the
oth
er
hand,
t
he
Ab
for
cu
rr
e
nt
rati
o,
ROE
,
pro
fit
m
arg
in,
de
bt
to
equ
it
y
rati
o,
E
PS
,
div
i
dend
yi
el
d
an
d
PE
rat
io
are
0.1
400,
0.142
1,
0.1
043,
0.0
001,
0.0
783,
0.0
937
an
d
0.0
20
8
resp
ect
ively
.
T
he
best
ideal
and
worst
ideal
so
luti
ons
for
each
fina
ntial
rati
o
serv
e
as
the
be
nch
m
ark
to
th
e
te
le
com
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
c
om
pan
ie
s for
f
ur
the
r
im
pro
vem
ent.
I
n
this
stu
dy,
the
distance
of
the
te
le
com
m
u
nicat
ion
c
om
pan
ie
s
from
the
best
ideal
so
lut
ion
ib
d
and
the
dista
nce
of
al
l
decisi
on
al
te
rn
at
ives
f
ro
m
the
w
orst
ideal
s
olu
ti
on
iw
d
are
cal
culat
ed
by
usi
ng
t
he
Eq
uations
(15)
a
nd
(
16)
res
pe
ct
ively
.
Figu
re
2
and
Fi
gure
3
pr
e
sents
the
distance
of
al
l
al
te
rn
at
ives
f
rom
the
worst ideal
so
l
ution (
diw) a
nd the
d
ist
a
nce
of all
alt
ern
at
iv
es from
the b
es
t i
deal so
l
ution (
dib
)
r
es
pecti
ve
ly
.
Figure
2. Dista
nce
of the
al
te
r
natives
from
the wors
t i
deal s
olu
ti
on
(d
i
w)
0
.14
0
0
0
.14
2
1
0
.10
4
3
0
.00
0
1
0
.07
8
3
0
.09
3
7
0
.02
0
8
0
.00
0
7
0
.00
4
6
0
.00
7
3
0
.14
1
6
0
.06
3
4
0
.05
7
2
0
.13
7
6
0
.0000
0
.0200
0
.0400
0
.0600
0
.0800
0
.1000
0
.1200
0
.1400
0
.1600
Cu
rr
e
n
t
ratio
Retu
rn o
n
eq
u
ity
Pr
o
f
it mar
g
in
Deb
t
to
eq
u
ity
ra
tio
Ea
rnings
per
sh
are
Div
id
en
d
y
ie
ld
Pr
ice e
arnin
g
s
ra
tio
PI
S
NI
S
0
.11
6
8
4
8
0
.18
2
8
8
3
0
.27
6
8
4
1
0
.16
8
3
6
9
0
.0000
0
.0500
0
.1000
0
.1500
0
.2000
0
.2500
0
.3000
TM
M
AXI
S
DI
GI
AX
IAT
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Perf
orma
nce
analysis
on tel
e
comm
un
ic
atio
n
c
omp
an
ie
s
in
malaysi
a
wi
th
TO
P
SIS m
od
el
(
La
m
We
ng Hoe
)
749
Figure
3. Dista
nce
of the
al
te
r
natives t
o
the
best
ideal sol
ution
(
dib)
Accor
ding
to
Figure
2
a
nd
Figure
3,
the
distance
of
th
e
te
le
com
m
un
i
cat
ion
c
om
pani
es
from
the
worst
a
nd
the
best
ideal
s
olu
t
ion
a
re
determ
ined
by
c
om
par
in
g
the
decisi
on
crit
eria
of
t
he
c
om
pan
y
w
it
h
the
worst
an
d
t
he
best
ideal
s
olut
ion
res
pecti
ve
ly
.
The
dis
ta
nc
e
of
t
he
te
le
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
com
pan
ie
s
from
the
worst
ideal
s
ol
ution
is
dete
r
m
ined
by
c
ompari
ng
t
he
dec
isi
on
c
rite
ria
of
the
c
om
pan
y
with
the
w
ors
t
ideal
so
luti
on. TM
s
hows
t
he
s
hort
est
distance fro
m
the
w
or
st
id
eal
so
luti
on w
it
h
a v
al
ue
of
0.
116848.
Thi
s
im
pl
ie
s
that
the
distanc
e
of
TM
f
ro
m
the
worst
i
deal
so
luti
on
is
the
cl
os
est
am
on
g
the
te
le
com
m
u
nicat
ion
com
pan
ie
s
in
this
stu
dy.
On
t
he
oth
er
ha
nd,
the
distan
ce
from
the
wo
rst
ide
al
so
lut
ion
for
oth
er
c
om
pan
ie
s
in
as
cend
i
ng
order
are
AXI
ATA
(0.16
8369)
,
MAX
IS
(
0.182
883)
and
D
IGI
(0.27
6841)
.
In
this
stud
y,
DIGI
ha
s
the
longest
distance
from
t
he worst i
deal
so
luti
on c
om
par
ed
to othe
r
te
l
ecom
m
un
ic
at
i
on co
m
pan
ie
s.
The
dista
nce
of
the
te
le
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
com
pan
ie
s
to
the
best
ideal
so
luti
on
is
de
te
rm
ined
by
com
par
ing
th
e
decisi
on
crit
eri
a
of
the
c
om
pan
y
with
the
be
st
ideal
so
luti
on.
D
I
GI
has
th
e
le
ast
distance
fr
om
the
be
st
ideal
s
olu
ti
on
(0.04
1303
)
am
on
g
th
e
oth
e
r
te
le
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
c
om
pan
ie
s.
T
hi
s
im
plies
that
DIGI
is
cl
os
ed
t
o
the
best
ideal
s
olut
ion
.
On
t
he
o
ther
hand,
TM
shows
t
he
fa
r
thest
distance
from
the
best
ideal
so
luti
on
with
a
value
of
0.2
5983
5.
T
he
dist
ance
f
ro
m
the
best
ideal
so
lu
ti
on
f
or
AXIATA
an
d
MA
XIS
ar
e
0.225
444
a
nd
0.183
117 res
pe
ct
ively
.
The
optim
al
s
olu
ti
on
wh
ic
h
is
relat
ive
cl
ose
ness
distance
of
each
decisi
on
al
te
rn
at
ive
to
the
i
deal
so
luti
on,
siw
f
or
ove
rall
finan
ci
al
per
f
orm
a
nce
is
sh
own
i
n
Table
5.
T
he
hig
he
r
value
of
relat
ive
cl
os
eness
to
the ideal s
olu
ti
on, s
iw
in
dicat
es h
i
gh
e
r per
f
orm
ance o
f
t
he c
om
pan
y.
Table
5.
Fina
nc
ia
l Perform
ance of th
e
Tele
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
Com
pan
ie
s in M
al
ay
sia
Co
m
p
an
y
Relativ
e Clo
sen
ess
to th
e I
d
eal
So
lu
tio
n
,
s
iw
Ran
k
,
T
DIGI
0
.87
0
1
7
4
1
1
MAX
IS
0
.49
9
6
8
0
8
2
AXIA
TA
0
.42
7
5
3
5
1
3
TM
0
.31
0
2
0
2
6
4
Ba
sed
on
Ta
ble
5,
DIG
I
giv
es
the
hi
ghest
value
of
relat
ive
cl
ose
ness
t
o
t
he
ideal
so
l
ution
(0.87
01741)
a
m
on
g
the
li
ste
d
te
le
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
c
om
pan
ie
s
in
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
DIGI
ac
hieve
s
the
first
rankin
g
am
on
g
the
four
li
ste
d
te
le
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
com
pan
i
es
in
this
st
ud
y
.
The
relat
ive
c
losenes
s
to
the
idea
l
so
luti
on
for
M
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eved
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IS
,
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XIAT
A
a
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TM
res
pect
ively
.
In
this
stud
y,
T
OP
S
IS
m
od
e
l
is
able
to
rank
the
fi
nan
ci
a
l
per
f
or
m
ance
of
li
ste
d
te
le
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
com
pan
ie
s
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
with
the
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po
se
d
c
onc
eptual
fr
am
ewo
r
k.
4.
CONCL
US
I
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N
In
t
his
stu
dy,
a
con
ce
ptua
l
fr
a
m
ewo
r
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opose
d
t
o
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te
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orm
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ti
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TO
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ki
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on
g
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ste
d
te
le
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m
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ic
at
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in
Ma
la
ysi
a,
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llo
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d
by
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X
IS
,
A
X
IA
T
A
a
nd
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his
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y
is
0
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
7
4
4
–
7
5
1
750
sign
ific
a
nt
be
cause
it
hel
ps
t
o
e
valua
te
,
com
par
e
and
ra
nk
t
he
fina
ncial
pe
rfo
rm
ance
of
the
te
le
com
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
com
pan
ie
s
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
by
co
ns
ide
ring
t
he
sig
nifi
cant
fina
ncial
rati
os
with
TOP
S
I
S
m
od
el
.
Be
sides
that,
the
best
ideal
and
worst
ideal
sol
ution
s
f
or
ea
ch
fina
ntial
rati
o
can
serv
e
as
the
ben
c
hm
ark
to
the tel
ecom
m
un
ic
at
ion
c
om
pan
ie
s f
or
furthe
r
i
m
pr
ov
em
ent.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
a
uthor
s e
xpress
grati
tud
e
to Unive
rsiti
T
unku
Abd
ul Ra
hm
an
(U
T
AR)
for
the
s
ponsor
sh
ip
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Q.
Kong,
G.
Ch
en
and
G.
Hollim
an,
“
Te
le
com
m
unic
at
ion
Serv
ic
e
Mana
gm
ent,
”
Data
Comm
un
ic
ati
ons
OpenV
i
ew
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isor
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X.
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ai
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am
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m
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“
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ion
on
t
he
cre
d
it
r
isk
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companie
s
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Malay
s
ia
wi
th
Data
Enve
lopment
Anal
y
s
is
m
odel
,
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rnational
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S.
La
m
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F.
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ew
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Inve
stiga
ti
on
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the
ef
fic
i
ency
of
fina
n
ci
a
l
companie
s
i
n
Malay
si
a
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Enve
lopme
nt
Anal
y
sis m
od
el
,
”
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hysic
s: Conf
ere
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L
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K.
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m
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An
e
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piri
ca
l
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ison
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th
e
eff
iciency
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h
ea
l
thcare
companie
s
i
n
Malay
s
ia
with
Data
Env
el
opm
ent
Anal
y
sis
m
odel
,
”
Inte
rnat
i
onal
Journal
of
Serv
ice
Scienc
e
,
Manage
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a
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,
“
Perform
anc
e
eva
l
uat
ion
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ioritizati
on
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l
ea
sin
g
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s using
the
super
eff
ic
i
e
nc
y
Da
ta
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lo
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ent
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sis
m
odel
,
”
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ct
a
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t
ec
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amani,
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.
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ee
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orz
oia
n
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“
Portf
ol
io
select
ion
usin
g
Data
Env
el
op
m
ent
Anal
y
s
is
(DEA):
A
ca
se
o
f
sele
c
t
India
n
inv
estment
compan
ie
s,”
In
te
rnation
al
Journal
of
Cu
rr
ent
Re
search
a
nd
Ac
ademi
c
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e
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S.
Hasanl
oo,
E
.
Kari
m
,
M.
R.
Mehre
gan
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hra
n
i,
“
Eva
lu
at
ing
per
f
orm
anc
e
of
co
m
pani
es
b
y
ne
w
m
ana
gement too
ls,”
Journal
o
f
N
atural
and
So
ci
a
l
Sc
ie
nc
es
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[8]
B.
K.
Bulgurc
u
,
“
Applic
at
ion
of
TOPS
IS
te
chni
que
for
fina
n
ci
a
l
per
form
anc
e
e
val
ua
ti
on
of
tec
hnolog
y
f
i
rm
s
in
Istanbul
Sto
ck
E
xcha
nge
Marke
t,”
Proc
edi
a
–
So
c
ial
and
Be
ha
vi
or
al
Sc
ie
nc
es
,
v
ol.
62,
pp
.
1033
–
1
040,
2012
.
[9]
W
.
H.
L
am,
W
.
S.
La
m
and
K.
F
.
L
ie
w,
“
Im
prove
m
ent
on
the
eff
ic
i
ency
of
techn
olog
y
compani
es
in
Mal
a
y
s
ia
wit
h
Data
Enve
lopme
nt
Anal
y
sis m
od
el
,
”
Le
ct
ure
No
t
es
in
Comput
er
Sci
en
ce
,
vol
.
10
645,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
1
9
-
30,
2017
.
[10]
B.
B.
Yilmaz
and
A.
M.
Kony
ar
,
“
Financ
ia
l
per
f
orm
anc
e
eva
lu
ation
of
publi
cly
hel
d
lodgi
ng
co
m
pani
es
li
sted
i
n
Istanbul
Stock
E
xcha
nge
with
T
OP
SI
S
m
et
hod,
”
European
Journal
of
Sci
en
ti
f
ic
Re
search
,
vo
l.
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5,
no.
1,
pp.
143
-
151,
2013
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[11]
H.
Kaz
an
and
O.
Ozde
m
ir,
“
Financial
p
erf
or
m
anc
e
assess
m
ent
of
la
rg
e
sca
l
e
congl
om
erate
s
via
TOPS
IS
and
CRITIC
m
et
hod
s,”
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
o
f
Man
ageme
nt
and
Sus
tai
nability
,
vo
l.
3,
no
.
4
,
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224,
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[12]
A.
V.
Cam,
H.
Cam,
S.
Ulut
a
s
and
O.
B.
Sa
y
in
,
“
The
role
of
TOPS
IS
m
et
hod
on
determ
ini
ng
the
fina
n
cial
per
form
anc
e
r
an
king
of
firms
:
An
appl
icati
on
i
n
the
Borsa
Ista
nbul,
”
In
te
rnati
onal
Journal
of
Ec
onomics
and
Re
search
,
vol
.
6
,
no.
3,
pp.
29
-
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,
2015
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[13]
W.
S.
La
m
,
K.
F.
Liew a
nd
W
.
H.
La
m
,
“
An opt
i
m
al
cont
rol
on
t
he
eff
i
ci
en
c
y
of
t
ec
hnolog
y
companie
s in
Mal
a
y
s
i
a
with
Data
Env
elopm
ent
Anal
y
s
i
s
m
odel
,
”
Journal
of
Te
le
comm
uncat
ion
,
E
le
c
tronic
and
Comp
ute
r
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
,
vol.
10
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
107
-
111
,
2018
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[14]
M.
A.
M
.
Kaba
je
h,
S.
M.
A.
A.
Nu’ai
m
at
and
F.
N.
Dahm
ash,
“T
he
relati
onship
bet
wee
n
the
R
OA
,
ROE
and
R
OI
rat
ios
wi
th
Jord
ani
an
Insuranc
e
Public
Com
panies
m
ark
et
sh
are
pric
es,
”
In
te
rnat
ional
Journal
of
Hum
anit
ie
s
an
d
Soci
al
Scienc
e
,
v
ol.
2
,
no
.
11
,
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.
115
-
120,
Ju
n.
20
12.
[15]
C.
L
.
Hw
ang
an
d
K.
Yoon,
Mul
t
ipl
e
Attribute De
ci
sion M
a
ki
ng
.
Berl
in: Springer
-
Verl
ag, 1981.
[16]
X.
Qin,
G.
Hua
ng,
A.Cha
km
a,
X.Nie
and
Q.
L
in,
“
A
MCD
M
-
base
d
expe
r
t
s
y
stem
for
cl
imat
e
-
cha
ng
e
impac
t
assess
m
ent
and
ada
pt
at
ion
pl
a
nning
–
A
ca
se
stud
y
for
t
he
Georgi
a
Basin
,
Cana
d
a,”
Ex
p
ert
Syste
ms
wit
h
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons
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vo
l.
34
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
2
164
-
2179,
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[17]
Y.
Ic,
“
An
expe
rimental
desi
gn
appr
oac
h
using
TOPS
IS
me
thod
for
the
sele
c
ti
on
of
co
m
pute
r
-
int
egr
ate
d
m
anuf
ac
turi
ng
t
e
chnol
ogi
es,
”
Ro
boti
cs
and
Computer
-
Inte
gr
at
ed Manufac
turing
,
vol.
28
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
245
-
256
,
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[18]
G.
İşs
eve
roğlu
and
O.
Seze
r,
“
Financ
i
al
per
for
m
anc
e
of
pension
companie
s
oper
ating
in
Tur
ke
y
with
Topsi
s
ana
l
y
sis
m
et
hod,
”
Inte
rnat
ional
J
ournal
of
Ac
ad
e
mic
Re
search
in
Ac
coun
ti
ng,
Fi
n
ance
and
Manag
eme
nt
Sc
ie
nc
es
,
Vol.
5
,
no
.
1
,
pp
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137
-
147,
2015.
[19]
Bursa
Malay
s
ia
,
Company
Announc
eme
nts
Bursa
Malay
sia
Marke
t
.
[onl
ine
]
Avail
able
at:
<ht
tp://www
.
bur
sam
al
a
y
s
ia
.
com/
m
ark
et
/lis
te
d
-
co
m
pani
es/c
om
pan
y
-
announ
ce
m
ents
/#/?
c
at
egor
y
=
a
l
l>
[Acc
essed
22
Februa
r
y
2017]
.
[20]
C
.
P.
Jones,
In
ves
tment
s A
nal
ysis
and
Manag
eme
nt
.
12nd
ed
.
Den
m
ark
:
John W
il
e
y
&
Sons
,
2013.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Perf
orma
nce
analysis
on tel
e
comm
un
ic
atio
n
c
omp
an
ie
s
in
malaysi
a
wi
th
TO
P
SIS m
od
el
(
La
m
We
ng Hoe
)
751
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Dr.
La
m
W
eng
Hoe
is
a
n
As
sistant
Profess
or
fro
m
Facul
t
y
of
Sci
enc
e
,
Univer
si
ti
Tunku
Abdul
Rahman
(UTAR),
Malay
sia
.
He
is
al
so
Hea
d
of
Depa
rtment
of
Ph
y
sical
a
nd
Mathe
m
at
ica
l
Scie
nc
e,
UTAR
.
His
areas
of
expe
rt
ise
ar
e
E
conometri
cs,
Optimiza
t
ion,
Ma
the
m
at
i
ca
l
and
Stat
isti
ca
l
Mod
el
li
ng
,
Portfolio
Optimiza
ti
on
,
Data
Envelop
m
ent
Anal
y
sis
and
Financ
i
al
Modell
ing
.
Dr.
La
m
W
eng
Siew
is
a
n
Assis
ta
nt
Profess
or
from
Depa
rtment
of
Phy
si
ca
l
and
Mathe
m
at
i
ca
l
Scie
nc
e,
Fa
cul
t
y
of
Scie
n
ce,
Un
ive
rsiti
Tunku
Abdul
Rahman
(UTAR),
Malays
ia
.
He
is
al
so
Hea
d
of
Progra
m
m
e
for
postgradua
te
progr
ammes
in
Facul
t
y
of
Scie
nc
e,
UTAR.
In
addi
ti
on
,
he
is
a
PS
M
B
Cert
i
fie
d
Tr
ai
n
er
as
well
as
SA
S
Cer
ti
fie
d
Statis
ti
c
al
Business
Anal
y
s
t.
His
ar
ea
s
of
expe
rt
ise
a
re
O
pti
m
iz
ation,
Ma
the
m
at
i
ca
l
and
Stat
isti
ca
l
Mode
ll
ing,
Portfol
io
Optimiza
ti
o
n,
Financ
i
al
Mode
l
li
ng,
Risk Ma
n
a
gement, Da
ta E
n
vel
opm
ent
Ana
l
y
sis
and
Dat
a
A
na
l
y
tics.
Mr.
Li
ew
Kah
Fai
is
a
le
c
ture
r
fr
om
Depa
rtment
of
Phy
si
ca
l
and
Mathe
m
at
i
ca
l
Sc
ie
nc
e,
Facu
lty
of
Scie
nce,
Univer
siti
Tunku
Abdul
Rahman
(U
TAR),
Malay
sia
.
His
are
as
of
ex
per
ti
se
ar
e
Dat
a
Enve
lopment
Anal
y
s
is,
Opt
imizat
ion
and
Statis
ti
c
al
Mode
ll
ing
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.