TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 201
4, pp. 5736 ~ 5742
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i8.626
6
5736
Re
cei
v
ed Ma
rch 2
2
, 2014;
Re
vised April
25, 2014; Accepte
d
May 8
,
2014
Design of the Coal Mining Transient Electromagnetic
Receiver with A Large Dynamic Range
Xiaoliang Zheng
Schoo
l of Mini
ng an
d Safet
y
Engi
neer
in
g
Schoo
l of Elect
r
ic and Informa
tion Eng
i
n
eeri
n
g Anhu
i
Univ
er
sit
y
of Scie
nce
and T
e
chno
log
y
, Hu
ain
an,
Anhu
i 23
200,
Chin
a, T
e
l: 0554-66
685
84
email: zh
eng
xl
@aust.ed
u
.cn
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Consi
der
ing th
e influ
enc
e of the transie
nt p
r
oce
ss of trans
ient el
ectro
m
a
gnetic rec
e
ivi
n
g coil o
n
the early si
gn
al
s detectio
n
of the se
co
nd
ary field, as w
e
ll
as
the great
ch
an
ge an
d the var
i
ous dec
ay rate
s
in
different
per
i
ods
of the
sec
ond
ary fie
l
d
sig
nals, w
h
ic
h w
ill
affect the
sec
ond
ary fie
l
d
sig
nal
col
l
ectio
n
,
w
e
ai
m at desi
gni
n
g
a new
receiv
er w
i
th the variabl
e st
ored pro
g
ra
m contro
l re
ceivin
g coi
l
, prefixed a
m
plifyi
n
g
circuit, pro
g
ra
mma
b
le
a
m
p
l
i
f
ying circ
uit
and
hi
gh-p
e
rformanc
e a
nal
og-to-d
igita
l
c
onvers
i
on
circ
ui
t
accord
ing to t
h
e un
dergr
ou
nd
coal
mi
ni
ng e
n
viro
nment, in
w
h
ich w
e
app
l
y
the differe
nt sampli
ng
interv
a
l
softw
are an
d s
e
lf-ad
aptive
filt
erin
g a
l
gor
ith
m
to e
l
i
m
i
nate t
he
influ
enc
e of
transi
ent pr
oc
ess a
nd fi
lter
out
the 5
0
H
z
pow
er li
ne
i
n
terfer
ence, th
us to
i
n
creas
e
th
e d
a
ta co
llecti
o
n
abil
i
ty a
n
d
i
m
p
r
ove th
e
detec
tio
n
result. T
he w
hole d
e
vice is s
u
itab
le for un
d
e
rgro
und c
oal
mi
nin
g
env
iron
me
nt w
i
th a small vol
u
me.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
tra
n
sie
n
t electro
m
agn
etic, coal
minin
g
, receiv
in
g
coil, transie
nt process
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
The tran
sient
electroma
gne
tic meth
od
(T
EM) a
pplie
s t
he n
o
n
-
groun
ded
retu
rn i
n
side the
unde
rworking
s,
then with a
ce
rtai
n q
u
a
n
tity of transmitting cu
rre
nt, a prima
r
y
elect
r
oma
g
n
e
tic
field can b
e
p
r
odu
ce
d, at the sa
me time
, the
induced
curre
n
t will b
e
gene
rate
d in the co
ndu
ct
ive
ore
aroun
d th
e un
de
rworki
ngs.
Wh
en
t=0, turn
o
ff the
cu
rrent, the
corre
s
p
ondin
g
ma
gneti
c
fi
eld
will disa
ppe
a
r
simulta
neo
usly. The se
vere ch
ang
e
of the primary magn
etic field is then
transmitted b
a
ck to th
e o
r
e a
r
oun
d the
retu
rn th
ro
u
gh ai
r
and
ot
her condu
ctive me
dium i
n
the
unde
rworking
s an
d thu
s
g
e
nerate
s
th
e in
duced
cu
rre
nt, which
will produ
ce the
se
con
dary vo
rte
x
field so
that t
he ma
gneti
c
f
i
eld won’t di
sappe
ar im
me
diately
[1]
. Various TEM research
wo
rk h
a
s
been
ca
rri
ed
out in ma
ny
enterp
r
i
s
e
s
h
o
me a
nd a
b
road, the
pro
d
ucts of which
mainly in
clu
d
e
PROTEM
-47
transi
ent ele
c
trom
agn
etic system
, dev
elope
d by a Can
adian
co
mpany Ge
oni
cs,
YCS200
0 by Xi’an Re
se
arch In
stitute, CCTE
G
(Chi
na Co
al Te
ch
nology & Eng
i
neeri
ng G
r
ou
p),
and intrin
si
cal
l
y safe mining
transie
nt ele
c
trom
agn
etic
instru
ment
s such a
s
YCS4
0 develope
d by
Cho
ngqin
g
Rese
arch In
stitute, CCTEG,
as well
as TE
MHZ7
5 by Hi
gh-te
ch
Reso
urces
Dete
cti
n
g
Instrum
ent
Rese
arch In
stitute of CUG,
Wuh
an, an
d
YCS600
-I by
Shanxi G
e
o
s
ina
Geol
ogi
cal
Instrum
ent
Co., Ltd, toget
her with
YCS
40(A) of
Fujia
n Huah
ong
In
telligent T
e
ch
nology
Co.,
L
t
d
.
The TEM is
not only su
ccessfully appli
ed in dete
c
tin
g
the wate
r-a
bund
an
ce of the floor ro
ck in
the top of the
coal
se
am a
nd the b
u
rie
d
water-con
du
cting o
r
water-bea
rin
g
structure in
coal
mi
ne
driving, but al
so in water-filling drill an
d p
ondin
g
goaf [1-10].
The resolutio
n
of the a
nalo
g
-digital
conver
ter
(ADC) u
s
ed i
n
curre
n
t TEM is l
o
w,
and th
e
sampli
ng int
e
rval is fixed
as well, so
the samplin
g spe
ed can
not be adapt
ively controll
ed
according to
the sign
als fe
ature; moreo
v
er, the
mag
n
ification tim
e
s of the sa
mpling am
plifying
circuit is sm
all, and the sampli
ng dyn
a
mic ra
nge
i
s
also limite
d
. Furthermo
re, the transi
ent
pro
c
e
s
s of
re
ceiving
coil i
n
daily
use h
a
s
a
seri
ou
s influen
ce on the
ea
rly
seconda
ry
si
gnal
s
pro
c
e
ssi
ng, t
hus to
cau
s
e
an in
accu
rate
dete
c
ting
re
sult
in shall
o
w stru
cture.
As a
whole, given
probl
em
s
su
ch
as the
la
rge
chang
e
rang
e of
se
con
dary
sig
n
a
ls, the
diffe
rent
deg
ree
o
f
attenuation
in
differe
nt pe
ri
ods,
and
the
sampli
ng
ci
rcuit de
sign
a
s
well
as the i
n
terfere
n
ce fro
m
the 50Hz si
gn
als, a ne
w re
ceiver
with
a better pe
rformance mu
st be de
sign
ed.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
De
sign of the
Coal Minin
g
Tran
sie
n
t Electrom
agn
etic
Re
cei
v
er
with
… (Xiaolia
ng
Zheng
)
5737
2. The Desig
n
Though
t of the Re
ceiv
e
r
In orde
r to be
suitabl
e for
unde
rg
roun
d
envir
on
ment,
the re
ceive
r
must me
et the nee
ds
of coal
mine
secu
rity stan
d
a
rd
s,
anti-exp
l
osio
n, a
sma
ll volume a
n
d
a light
weig
h
t
and
so o
n
. In
addition, we must focus o
n
the comm
o
n
wea
k
n
e
sse
s
in the cu
rre
n
t TEM when
desig
ning a
new
one. Be
cau
s
e of the
del
ay of prim
ary field di
sap
pearan
ce i
n
the receivin
g process, t
h
e
se
con
dary fi
eld of the
re
ceiving
coil
i
s
n
o
t pu
re,
but mingl
ed
with
some
in
fluence from
the
prima
r
y field, that is, the transie
nt pro
c
e
s
s of t
he recei
v
ing coil. Gen
e
rally sp
ea
kin
g
, this pro
c
e
s
s
is q
u
ite
sh
ort
and
won’t
a
ppea
r i
n
late
sig
nal
s,
b
u
t
still, it can’t
be ig
no
red
o
w
ing
to
its
great
effects
on th
e ea
rly sig
n
a
l
s. The
tran
si
ent mag
netic sign
al h
a
s
a
larg
e dyna
m
i
c rang
e, larg
e
early si
gnal
amplitude, a
high atten
u
a
tion spee
d
and a
wea
k
late sig
nal,
whi
c
h requi
re the
system to
be
equip
ped
wi
th a hig
h
resolution, a
qui
cker
sa
mplin
g sp
eed
an
d
a st
ron
g
ant
i-
interferen
ce p
e
rform
a
n
c
e, as well as a l
a
rge dyn
a
mi
c range
[11-13].
The
re
ceiving
coil
ca
n be
g
enerally re
ga
rded
a
s
L
R
ci
rcuit, thu
s
th
e
tran
sient
pro
c
e
s
s is
actually th
e same a
s
LR ci
rcuit, that i
s
,
/
)
/
(
1
t
t
L
R
Ee
Ee
V
, and
R
L
/
, t equal
s to th
e
time constant of LR ci
rcuit. T
he larger
L and smaller R will
resu
lt
in the l
a
rger t. The gai
n
of
receiving coil (L)
i
s
often e
x
pected
to be
large
r
,
an
d the lo
ss
of wh
ich (R) to be
smalle
r, cau
s
i
ng
a quite larg
e
r
t, even rea
c
hin
g
a milliseco
nd or
de
r of magnitude
s. Ho
wever,
sometim
e
s,
we
want the
time
con
s
tant to
b
e
as small a
s
possibl
e to d
e
crea
se th
e i
n
fluen
ce of t
r
ansi
ent p
r
o
c
e
ss
in an attempt to detect the early sign
a
l
s, whi
c
h obv
iously is cont
radi
ctory
[14]. There a
r
e two
solutio
n
s to
this problem,
one is, inserting a p
r
i
m
ary amplifi
e
r in the re
ceiving
coil
and
decrea
s
in
g b
o
th turn
s a
nd
area
of the
co
il, along
with t
he whole
re
corde
d
p
r
ima
r
y field data from
the attenuati
on process
of the tr
an
smitting cu
rre
nt after turn
-off to subtra
ct the influe
n
c
e of
transi
ent process in the re
ceiv
ed
sign
al
s data p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng; anoth
e
r
is, u
s
ing th
e variabl
e sto
r
ed
prog
ram
cont
rol re
ceivin
g antenn
a to re
move that influen
ce.
The chan
ge range
of the seco
nda
ry field sig
nals
det
ected
by the receiving
coil
is fairly
large, from e
a
rly V level to late mV le
vel, so we n
eed to a
dopt
the program
mable a
m
plif
ying
circuit wh
en
desi
gning the
amplifying ci
rcuit an
d c
h
o
o
se different amplifying scales for the d
a
ta
of ea
ch tim
e
pe
riod. Be
si
des,
ba
sed
on the
si
gna
l attenuatio
n
sp
eed
of
e
a
ch
pe
riod,
the
sampli
ng i
n
te
rvals
sh
ould
be vari
able,
and in
o
r
de
r to erase the
interfe
r
en
ce
from the
50
Hz
sign
als in the
sele
cted
sign
als, the se
lf
-a
daptive filtering method i
s
a must.
3. The Hard
w
a
r
e
Design
of the Recei
v
e
r
Acco
rdi
ng to the desig
n lo
gic, the hard
w
are stru
ctu
r
e of the recei
v
er is sho
w
n
as Figu
re
1, mainly incl
uding the con
t
roller, which
is a 32-
bit RSIC embed
d
ed pro
c
e
s
sor of Nios II series,
use
d
to fini
sh
all the
ord
e
r
control o
pera
t
ion of
the
re
ceiver; th
e va
riable
sto
r
ed
prog
ram
cont
rol
receiving coil
also ha
s opt
ional re
ceivin
g ways, one
is the comm
on way whil
e
another i
s
the
prog
ram
cont
rolled
way;
th
e
p
r
efixed a
m
plifying
circuit and
the
p
r
ogra
mmabl
e
amplifying
circuit
are
both g
a
i
n-controllabl
e; the anal
o
g
-digital
(A
D)
samplin
g circuit con
s
i
s
ts
of
th
e high
perfo
rman
ce AD
chip;
the receiving coil state
mo
nito
ri
ng ci
rcuit is f
o
r d
e
tecting
the state
of itself
so a
s
to give
the use
r
a
comprehe
nsiv
e unde
rstand
ing of the re
a
l
time status
of the re
ceivi
n
g
coil.
Figure 1.
Structure
Cha
r
t of Receiver
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 573
6 –
5742
5738
3.1. The Variable Stored
Program Co
ntrol Circui
t of Re
ceiv
i
ng
Coil
The
stru
cture
of the re
ceiv
ing coil ci
rcui
t is
varia
b
le
store
d
p
r
og
ra
m co
ntrol, sh
own i
n
Figure 2. A a
nd B a
r
e t
w
o
coil
s with
co
mpletely the
same
pa
ram
e
ters, A
+
an
d
A-, B+ a
nd B- are
two o
u
tput e
nds of A a
n
d
B re
sp
ective
ly,
KS1, KS2,
KS3, KS4, KS5 and KS6
are
6
s
w
it
c
h
es
.
The coil ha
s
t
w
o wo
rki
ng st
ates,
of whi
c
h
on
e
i
s
the
n
on-stored
pro
g
ram
c
ontrol
state,
kno
w
n as
a comm
on co
il, what need
s to be done
is just usi
ng
a sho
r
t circuit
between the
pin of 2 and 3,
mean
while, t
u
rnin
g off KS1, KS2, KS3, KS4 and KS6
and tu
rning
on KS5 so a
s
to form a
sin
g
le
tandem
coil
betwe
en A
a
nd B; a
nothe
r
is
the
stor
e
d
prog
ram co
ntrolled
state, which
cha
n
g
e
s
the conn
ectio
n
state of A
and B throug
h different
switch pattern
s
of the stored
prog
ram
cont
rol
in the receiving pro
c
e
s
s in
orde
r to sho
r
ten
the tran
sient pro
c
e
ss o
f
the receivin
g coil.
The
wo
rki
ng
prin
ciple
of t
he
store
d
p
r
o
g
ram
control
coil i
s
:
when
KS1, KS2, KS3 and
KS5 are all turned on, meanwhil
e KS4 and KS6 are
turned off, A and B is in reverse connection,
the sig
nal
s o
u
tput from A
and B
will offset with
ea
ch
other, a
s
a result, the tot
a
l output
of the
receiving
coil
thus be
com
e
s “0
”. On the
c
ontrary, wh
e
n
KS1, KS2,
KS3 and KS5
are turned off
with KS4, K
S
6 turn
ed
on
, A and B
is, therefo
r
e,
i
n
st
raight
pol
arity, con
s
e
q
uently, the to
tal
output is the
sum of the in
duced voltag
e of both A and B
[15].
De
spite th
e f
a
ct that
the t
o
tal outp
u
t of
the
re
ceiv
ing
coil
i
s
0,
A
,
K
S
1
,
re
sist
a
n
c
e
RK
1
and B, KS2, resi
stan
ce RK
2 can
still form two cu
rre
nt loops, both
with the tran
sient pro
c
e
ss,
and
t
he t
r
an
sf
or
m
a
t
i
on ha
ppe
n
s
bef
o
r
e t
h
e
t
r
an
sient
p
r
oce
s
s di
sap
p
ear
s,
w
hen it
s inf
l
ue
nc
e
s
t
ill
works. As for
RK1 an
d RK
2 in fig.
6, they are both of
great
signifi
c
ance, for if they are too
sm
all,
the tran
sient
pro
c
e
ss
will
be too long,
on the othe
r hand, if they are too bi
g to disconn
ect
with
each other, t
here will
be
a LC oscillator
circ
uit. Actually, according to the
experim
ent, for
different initia
l samplin
g m
o
ment, the po
sitive and ne
gative oscillat
i
on doe
s exist
[14].
The six
switches a
r
e
com
p
rised of a l
o
w on
-resi
s
ta
nce
with ±5V
voltage, four single
-
pole-single-throw
(SPST
) analog swit
ches, re
specti
vely from M
AX4677
and MAX4678.
The
workin
g pri
n
ciple of ea
ch switch i
s
: wh
e
n
in a low lev
e
l, MAX4677
will be turn
e
d
on, while i
n
a
high level, it will be turned off. MAX4678 i
s
just
the opposite working pr
inciple. Theref
ore,
MAX4677 e
q
uals to KS1,
KS2, KS3 and KS5, while MAX467
8 repl
aces
KS4 and KS
6,
altogethe
r to compl
e
te the control of the store
d
progra
m
control coil
only through
a singl
e co
ntrol
mouth of the pro
c
e
s
sor.
Figure 2. Structure
Cha
r
t of Variable
Stored Prog
ram
Control Re
cei
v
ing Coil
3.2. The De
tection
Circui
t of Receiv
i
n
g
Coil
This ci
rcuit is respon
sibl
e for the state d
e
tect
ion of the receiving coil, includin
g
the sho
r
t
circuit, the op
en ci
rcuit and
the re
sistan
ce value of
the coil. The
st
ructu
r
e i
s
sho
w
n in Fig
u
re 3,
in which IO4
is stalled to
control the
TX-S P
anaso
n
ic rel
a
y so that the recei
v
ing coil ca
n
b
e
swit
che
d
to the detectio
n
ci
rcuit fro
m
the sign
al re
ceivi
ng circuit.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
De
sign of the
Coal Minin
g
Tran
sie
n
t Electrom
agn
etic
Re
cei
v
er
with
… (Xiaolia
ng
Zheng
)
5739
Figure 3. Det
e
ction
Circuit of Receiving
Coil
Also, after de
tecting the re
sista
n
ce RS1
by t
he curre
nt in the rece
iving coil, the current
sign
al ca
n be
transfo
rme
d
i
n
to the voltag
e sig
nal
an
d then b
e
tran
sf
erred to the A
DC fo
r an
alo
g
-
digital
conve
r
sion. If th
e
co
llected
data
a
ppro
a
che
s
to
0, there i
s
an
ope
n
circuit
in the
re
ceivin
g
coil,
whe
r
ea
s, if the data
turns to b
e
t
he la
rg
e
s
t, there
is a
sh
ort
circuit. Howeve
r, the
coil
resi
stan
ce
ca
n be cal
c
ul
ated wh
en the
data is a med
i
um value.
3.3. The Signal Amplif
y
i
ng Circuit
A reasona
bl
e and
suitab
le sign
al am
plifying circui
t is of great
significan
c
e
for the
collection of
the receiving signal. A
s
it
is illu
st
rated before,
when the receivi
ng
coil i
s
in a
transi
ent p
r
o
c
ess, we can
only de
crea
se the in
du
cta
n
ce
L o
r
in
crease the
re
si
stan
ce
R in
o
r
de
r
to decrea
s
e
the time co
n
s
tant
τ
, con
s
iderin
g it’s in
approp
riate t
o
increa
se
R, we choo
se
to
decrea
s
e
L, t
hat is, to
de
crea
se th
e turns
and
ar
ea
of the receiving
coil, even
it will
cau
s
e
the
decrea
s
e
of the gai
n from
the re
ceiving
coil, we
can l
a
ter ma
ke
so
me compe
n
sation by u
s
in
g of
a prefixed am
plifying ci
rcuit. The
cha
nge
ran
ge
of
the
transi
ent el
ectromag
netic receivin
g si
gn
al
is quite
large,
from mV to
V, and the
ea
rly, medium
a
s
well a
s
l
a
te
sign
als
of the
se
con
d
a
r
y field
are all differe
nt in terms o
f
their attenuation spe
e
d
s
and amplitu
des, whi
c
h th
us re
quires t
h
e
amplifying ci
rcuit with a co
ntrollabl
e am
plifying
scale
to meet the sampli
ng ne
e
d
s for differen
t
cir
c
um
st
an
ce
s.
Figure 4 is
the stru
ctu
r
e
of
the prefi
x
ed amplifying ci
rcuit an
d the progra
mmable
amplifying ci
rcuit. The fo
rmer i
s
the p
r
eci
s
e
a
nd lo
w po
we
r con
s
umptio
n INA128 in
strum
ent
amplifier,
whi
c
h
use
s
IO
2
and IO
3 mo
uths
of t
he p
r
ocesso
r to
control th
e m
u
lti-way
switch
ADG60
4
,
a
n
d
the
differe
n
t
re
sista
n
ce R5, R6, R7, and R8
to ch
oose
va
riou
s amplifying scale.
Beside
s, the
on resi
stan
ce
value of A
D
G604
is
85
Ω
, and the
r
e
a
r
e all
togethe
r fou
r
types
of
amplifying
scale, nam
ely, 1, 10, 1
00
an
d 10
00. T
he
operational
a
m
plifier
of the
later is OP42
27,
owin
g to the low spee
d of the amplifie
r in gain
tra
n
sfo
r
mation, which can
not re
ach our
sampli
n
g
deman
ds, we need to a
dopt seve
ral
operational a
m
plifier in pa
rallel an
d set
their own g
a
in
before, thu
s
to switch ove
r
the gain by
the
high-sp
e
ed anal
og switch A
D
G6
0
4
to reali
z
e the
dynamic process of the
si
gnal a
m
plitud
e of the
rece
iving co
il. Si
milarly, the a
m
plifying sca
l
e
inclu
d
e
s
: 100
, 10, 1 and 0.1.
The dynami
c
pro
c
e
ss
of the sign
al re
cei
v
i
ng can
be d
i
vided into three sta
ges: th
e early,
medium a
nd
late stage. In
the early sta
ge,
the attenuation spee
d
and the sig
n
a
l amplitude
are
the large
s
t; in the late stage,
they are the smalle
st; as for
th
e medium
stage, the two
are
betwe
en tho
s
e of the earl
y
and late stage
[16]. He
nce, du
ring t
he dynami
c
pro
c
e
ss, both
the
amplifying scale and th
e sampling int
e
rval are controllable, which
can b
e
cate
gori
z
ed i
n
to three
cla
s
ses a
c
co
rding
to th
e
chang
e
cha
r
a
c
teri
stics
of
the
se
con
dary
field
sign
al.
As it’s sho
w
n
in
Table 1, the
amplifying scale an
d sam
p
ling inte
rval
need to
be
matche
d in t
he thre
e sta
g
e
s.
Altogether th
ere a
r
e four
grou
ps, if we
choo
se
the f
i
rst one, the
amplifying scale and
sam
p
ling
+
1
ON
3
CO
M
4
OF
F
5
OF
F
8
CO
M
9
ON
10
-
12
CO
I
L
U5
TX
-
S
/
3
.
0
V
V+
5
GN
D
2
OU
T
1
VI
N
+
3
VI
N
-
4
U12
I
N
1
69
D1
I
N
5
819
+3
.
3
V
T1
90
1
3
GN
D
IO
4
C1
0.
01
uF
C2
0.
01
uF
+3
.
3
V
C3
0.
0
1
uF
C4
0.
01
uF
CP
1
3
0.
1u
F
GN
D
GN
D
+3
.
3
V
R1
4
1
K
R1
7
1
0
K
R
1
81
0K
RL
1
2
0
K
R
19A
50
R
1610
K
R1
5
1
0
K
RS
1
1
B1
B2
A1
A2
NC
1
-I
N
2
+I
N
3
V-
4
NC
5
OU
T
6
V+
7
NC
8
U19
O
P
A
3
5
0
C2
8
0.
1u
F
+3
.
3
V
GN
D
VC
C
1
GN
D
2
VI
N
3
SC
L
K
4
CS
6
U20
AD
7
466
SD
A
T
A
5
S
DAT
A
A-
S
C
LK
CS
CP
4
1
0.
1
u
F
+3
.
3
V
GN
D
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 573
6 –
5742
5740
interval in the early, mediu
m
and late
stage will re
sp
e
c
tively be 0.1, 1, 10 and 10
μ
s,
20
μ
s,
30
μ
s,
the rest three
group
s a
r
e o
f
the same lo
gic.
Figure 4. Pre
a
mplifier
Circuit and Prog
rammabl
e Amplifier Ci
rcuit
Table 1. Earl
y
, Medium an
d Late Stage
Paramete
r Selectio
n
The first grou
p
The second
group
The third g
r
oup
The fou
r
th gro
u
p
Sampling interval
Earl
y
stage
0.1
1
10
100
10
μ
s
Medium stage
1
10
100
1000
20
μ
s
Late stage
10
100
1000
10000
30
μ
s
3.4. The Ana
l
og-To-Digital Conv
ersion Circuit
Figure 5. Analog-to
-digital
Conve
r
si
on Circuit
GN
D
A0
1
EN
2
VS
S
3
S1
4
S2
5
D
6
NC
7
NC
8
NC
9
S4
10
S3
11
Vdd
12
GN
D
13
A1
14
U8
AD
G6
0
4
GN
D
GN
D
CP
1
7
10
4
CP
1
8
10
4
-5
V
GN
D
+5
V
OU
T
IO
5
IO
6
+5
V
AO
1
EN
2
Vs
s
3
S1
4
S2
5
D
6
NC
7
NC
8
NC
9
S4
10
S3
11
Vd
d
12
GN
D
13
A1
14
U3
AD
G60
4
CP
5
10
4
CP
7
10
4
CP
6
10
0u
F
CP
8
10
0u
F
GN
D
+5
V
-5
V
+5
V
IO
2
IO
3
-5
V
CP
9
10
4
CP
1
0
10
0
u
F
GN
D
6
-
2
+
3
CP
1
1
10
0u
F
CP
1
2
10
4
+5
V
GN
D
GN
D
GN
D
1 4
5
8
U4
IN
A
1
2
8
U7
A
OP
42
27
U7
B
OP
42
2
7
U7C
OP
42
27
RP
1
25
RP
2
25
R3
1
0
K
R4
1
0
K
RP
3
10
0
R9
5
R1
0
5
R1
1
47
K
R1
2
47
K
R1
3
47
K
RP
4
10
0
R5
R6
R7
R8
IN
+
IN
-
7
1.
8
K
RI
1
18
K
RI
2
1.
8K
RF
2
18
K
RF
3
18
0K
RI
3
1.
8K
CP
1
4
10
0
μ
F
CP
1
5
10
0
μ
F
RP
5
2
5
RP
6
2
5
R3
A
10
K
R4
A
10
K
+5
V
IN
1
OU
T
2
GN
D
3
U12
R
E
F
3
125
+5
V
4
7u
F
GN
D
C6
0.
1u
F
C
7
47
0pF
CP
2
3
0.
1
u
F
CP
2
4
10
uF
+5
V
G
ND
CP
2
5
0.
1u
F
CP
2
6
10
uF
-5
V
GN
D
C8
47
0p
F
C1
2
0.
1u
F
C1
3
10
u
F
GN
D
GN
D
DO
U
T
-
D
C9
10
0pF
C1
1
10
0pF
C1
0
1n
F
VC
C
CP
2
7
10
uF
CP
2
8
0.
1u
F
CP
2
9
10
uF
CP
3
0
0.
1u
F
GN
D
+5
V
GN
D
+3
.
3
V
R1
9
1K
R2
0
1
K
R2
3
4
9
.
9
R2
4
4
9
.
9
R2
2
1K
R2
1
1
K
R2
5
5
0
R2
6
5
0
R2
7
5
0
R2
8
50
R2
9
5
0
R3
0
5
0
R3
1
5
0
AI
NP
1
AI
NN
2
+3
.
3
V
A
D
4
AG
ND
3
VR
EF
P
16
VR
E
F
N
15
MO
D
E
5
CL
K
12
SC
L
K
11
FO
R
M
6
DR
/
F
S
10
SY
/
P
D
7
DO
U
T
9
DI
N
8
DV
DD
13
GN
D
14
U14
A
D
S
127
1
GN
D
IN
1
OU
T
2
GN
D
3
U15
R
E
F
3
125
C1
4
0.
47
uF
C1
5
0.
1u
F
C1
6
10
0uF
+5
V
GN
D
NC
1
-I
N
2
+I
N
3
V-
4
NC
5
OU
T
6
V+
7
NC
8
U16
OP
A350
C1
7
1
0
n
F
C1
8
0.
1u
F
+5
V
GN
D
R4
5
1
k
R4
6
1
0
0
Vi
n
+
8
Vi
n
-
1
Vc
o
m
2
V+
3
Vout
-
5
Vo
u
t
+
4
EN
7
V-
6
U10A
OP
A
1
6
3
2
MO
D
E
CL
K
SC
L
K
DR
D
Y
1
SY
N
C
OU
T
Grou
p
Amplify
i
ng
scale
Stage
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
De
sign of the
Coal Minin
g
Tran
sie
n
t Electrom
agn
etic
Re
cei
v
er
with
… (Xiaolia
ng
Zheng
)
5741
The
an
alog
-to-digital co
nversi
on circuit is
show
n in F
i
gure
5. As we can
se
e, the circuit
is a
n
ind
u
st
ri
al high
ba
nd
width A
D
C wi
th a resolu
tio
n
of 2^2
4
to
realize the t
r
a
n
sformation
from
the anal
og v
o
ltage to
digi
tal value, mo
reove
r
, the referen
c
e
voltage i
s
jointly
provide
d
by
chip
REF31
25 an
d operational
amplifier OP
A350, besi
d
e
s
, we in
stall a tantalum capa
citor of 1
0
μ
F
and a
nothe
r
cerami
c capa
citor
of 0.1
μ
F
in pa
rallel
wi
thin the in
put
end
REFP a
nd RE
FN. T
h
e
operational
a
m
plifier
OPA1632
is u
s
e
d
in th
e a
n
a
l
og in
put e
n
d
, and
a
1n
F capa
citan
c
e is
applie
d bet
ween the i
nput
end AINP
a
nd AINN in p
a
rallel
as wel
l
, thus ea
ch
analo
g
inp
u
t end
can ha
s a 10
0pF ca
pa
cita
nce
with the grou
nd to ke
ep the perfo
rmance of AC
[17]. The OUT
sign
al
come
s from
the
out
put of the
p
r
ogra
mmabl
e
amplifying
circuit, sho
w
n i
n
Fig
u
re
4. A
l
so,
the pin of the
switching
co
ntrol ha
s the
MODE
for
ch
oosi
ng the worki
ng mo
de
of AD; CLK a
n
d
SCLK represent for the i
n
put of
the ma
ster
clo
c
k an
d the
seri
al
cl
ock; DO
UT
-D mean
s the
d
a
te
output; SYNC is the
synchroni
zin
g
sig
nal for sta
r
ti
n
g
the sig
nal
sampli
ng in t
he re
ceiving
coil
and e
n
suri
ng
the sampli
ng
syn
c
hroni
zat
i
on with
that
of the tra
n
sm
itter cu
rrent
signal afte
r turn-
off.
4. The Con
t
r
ast an
d Con
c
lusion of th
e Test
Resul
t
s
After having colle
cted the
same
sign
al thro
u
gh the n
e
wly desi
gne
d receiver an
d other
transi
ent ele
c
tromag
netic
receive
r
, the result i
s
sho
w
n in Figu
re
6, Figure (a
)
co
mes from oth
e
r
receiver,
whil
e Fig
u
re
(b) i
s
from
our n
e
w
ly de
si
g
ned
receiver, both
are
the
atten
uation cu
rve of
the se
con
dary field signal. It turns out that the sa
mpli
ng site of ne
w one i
s
much den
ser, an
d
the
data is m
u
ch
large
r
, prese
n
ting a regul
a
r
attenuat
io
n curve with
a better
data co
nsi
s
ten
c
y,
wh
ich
is definitely b
e
tter for late data pro
c
e
s
si
ng.
(a)
(b)
Figure 6.
Tes
t
Result
s Co
n
t
rast
The
re
ceivin
g coil of th
e
ne
wly de
sig
ned
re
ceive
r
is
sm
aller i
n
volume,
th
us
more
suitabl
e for t
he na
rrow
sp
ace i
n
the mi
ne. In addi
tio
n
, for removi
ng the influ
e
n
ce
of sig
nal
gain
becau
se of the small volu
me and the transi
ent pr
o
c
e
ss of the receiving coil o
n
data colle
cti
on,
we respe
c
tively adopt the
prefixed am
plifying ci
rcui
t and the variable sto
r
e
d
prog
ram
co
ntrol
coil. For oth
e
r
asp
e
ct
s, we
use the prog
ramma
bl
e a
m
plifying circuit with multi-amplifying scale
to meet the
need
s of the large
cha
nge
range of
the
transie
nt electrom
agn
etic se
con
dary fie
l
d
sign
al, furthe
rmore, the
different
sam
p
lin
g interv
al
s are applie
d to d
i
stingui
sh the
sampli
ng in t
he
early, mediu
m
and late
stage
s to sati
sfy the vari
ou
s attenuation
speed n
eed
s i
n
ea
ch sta
ge;
for
the samplin
g
data p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng, we u
s
e th
e software
se
lf-adaptive filt
ering
alg
o
rith
m to effective
l
y
filter out the
50Hz
po
wer l
i
ne inte
rferen
ce. All in
all,
the ne
w
re
cei
v
er is not
onl
y with a
sm
al
ler
volume but al
so a bette
r pe
rforma
nce.
Referen
ces
[1]
Yu Jc, Li
u Z
h
X, L
i
u S
h
C, et
al. T
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