TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decembe
r
2014, pp. 81
2
0
~ 812
5
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i12.68
83
8120
Re
cei
v
ed Au
gust 2, 201
4; Re
vised O
c
to
ber
8, 201
4; Acce
pted No
vem
ber 1, 20
14
Bidirectional Luo Converte
r F
e
d Swit
ched R
e
luct
ance
Motor
M.Vish
v
a
nath*, R.Balam
u
rugan
Dep
a
rtment of Electrical
and
Electron
ics En
gi
n
eeri
ng, K.S.Ran
gasam
y
C
o
lle
ge of T
e
chnol
og
y,
T
a
milnadu, Ind
i
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: drnrba
ls@gm
a
il.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he pres
ent w
o
rk ai
ms at d
e
s
igni
ng
an
d mode
lli
ng of a
bi
directi
ona
l DC-
DC LUO co
nv
erter for
drivin
g a
Sw
itched
Rel
u
ctanc
e Motor. L
U
O converters
ar
e
n
e
w
series
of D
C
/DC C
onverte
rs that hav
e ve
ry
low
ripple of v
o
ltag
e and cur
r
ent and
h
a
ve output
w
a
ve
w
i
th h
i
gh
q
u
a
lity
,
hig
h
pow
er
d
ensity
an
d
hig
h
transfer volt
ag
e ga
in
an
d d
o
n
’
t h
a
ve
circ
uit el
e
m
e
n
ts paras
itic li
mits of traditi
on
al
convert
e
rs. L
U
O
converters
hav
e very
hig
h
vo
l
t
age tra
n
sfer g
a
ins
in
ge
o
m
et
ric pro
g
ressi
on
on sta
ge
by-stage. A
C- D
u
mp
converter
is u
s
ed to dr
ive t
he SRM dr
ive.
T
he pres
ent
desi
gn a
i
ms at
improvi
ng th
e
efficiency
of the
Sw
itched Rel
u
ctance Motor d
r
ive system by
the incorp
orati
on of the bid
i
r
e
ctio
n
a
l DC-D
C
LUO convert
e
r
betw
een the e
l
ectrical so
ur
ce and
the drive
s
ystem.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
LU
O converter, SRM, DC-DC co
nverter, C- Du
mp co
nverter
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1.
Introduc
tion
Switche
d
Rel
u
ctan
ce Moto
rs (S
RM
) have inher
ent ad
vantage
s su
ch as sim
p
le structu
r
e
with no
n-win
d
ing
con
s
tru
c
tion in
roto
r si
de,
hig
h
toleran
c
e,
robu
stne
ss, l
o
w
co
st with
no
perm
ane
nt magnet in t
he structu
r
e,
and it ope
ra
ted in hig
h
temperature
s
or i
n
inte
nse
temperature
variation
s
[1]. The S
R
M i
s
an el
ectri
c
m
a
chi
ne it
conv
erts th
e
relu
ct
ance torque
i
n
to
mech
ani
cal p
o
we
r. In SRM, both the stator and ro
to
r en
close a st
ructu
r
e of p
r
o
j
ected
-
pol
e, due
to proje
c
ted
pole
s
it prod
uce a
high o
u
tput to
rqu
e
. The torq
ue i
s
form
ed by
the arrang
em
ent
inclin
ation of pole
s
[1].
Bidire
ctional dc–
d
c co
nverters allow
tra
n
sfer
of po
we
r bet
ween
two dc
so
urce
s in
either
direction [2].
Due to thei
r ability to reverse the di
rection of flow of
current and t
hereby power the
dire
ction of the motor is
re
verse
d
. Powe
r qualit
y pro
b
l
e
ms have b
e
c
ome im
porta
nt issu
es to b
e
con
s
id
ere
d
due to the
recomme
nde
d limits of
harm
oni
cs i
n
sup
p
ly cu
rrent by vario
u
s
internatio
nal
power quality
stan
da
rd
s
su
ch
as
t
h
e
I
n
t
e
rnat
ion
a
l E
l
ectro tec
hnic
a
l
Commiss
ion [3]
(IEC) 6
1000
-3-2. Fo
r cla
s
s- A equi
pme
n
t (
<
6
00 W,
16 A per ph
a
s
e)
whi
c
h in
clude
s hou
se
h
o
ld
equipm
ent, IEC 61
000
-3-2re
stri
cts the
harm
oni
c cu
rre
nt of different order
su
ch that th
e total
harm
oni
c dist
ortion (THD)
of the supply
current
shou
ld be belo
w
19. In all DC/
DC
conve
r
ters,
the output voltage and p
o
wer tran
sfe
r
efficien
cy ar
e li
mited by parasitic of ele
c
t
r
oni
c and p
o
w
er
electroni
c ele
m
ents.
Howe
ver, in cal
c
ul
ation,
traditio
nal converte
rs can p
r
od
uce high volta
g
e
with high efficiency. LUO converte
rs [4] are ne
w DC/
DC
conve
r
ters that overco
me above lim
iter
effects an
d for the in
cre
a
sin
g
of voltage, us
e reli
ft and triple-lift technique
s [4-5]. The
s
e
conve
r
ters
produ
ce
high
voltage f
r
om l
o
w voltag
e
of
photovoltai
c
i
n
op
eratio
n. I
n
L
U
O
co
nve
r
ter
with po
sitive output, the input and outp
u
t
voltage are positive [4].
Ho
wever,
fun
damental
con
v
erters su
ch
as
B
o
o
s
t
con
v
erter and
B
u
ck conve
r
ter
ca
nnot
be u
s
ed in th
e high
-po
w
e
r
situation
and
at the
sam
e
time have m
any disadvan
tages. In recent
years,
co
nversion te
ch
niqu
es h
a
ve
b
een
develop
ed
ra
pidly and
ther
e are ple
n
ty o
f
topologie
s
o
f
DC-DC
conv
erters. Dr. LUO Fa
ng Lin
has invent
e
d
more th
an
100 novel to
pologi
es of p
o
we
r
DC/
DC co
nverters,
in
clud
ing
the well
-kno
wn se
ri
e
s
LUO
converter, Positive/Neg
ative/Dou
b
le
Output LUO converte
rs et
c [4-5].
A LUO co
nve
r
ter ha
s bee
n
widely use
d
due to its inh
e
rent cha
r
act
e
risti
cs [6] of voltage
lifting many
versio
ns of
L
U
O
co
nverte
r voltage liftin
g
techniq
ue
su
ch
as re-lif
t, supe
r-lift a
nd
ultra-lift h
a
ve
been
re
po
rte
d
in th
e literature.
Amo
ng t
hem, the
Sup
e
r-Lift LUO
Converte
r i
s
ve
ry
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Bidirectional L
uo Converter
Fed Switched
Reluctance
Motor
(
M
.
V
i
s
h
v
a
n
a
t
h
)
8121
popul
ar b
e
ca
use it
ha
s a
very high volt
age tran
sfer
gain. Voltage
Lift (VL) te
chniqu
e ha
s b
een
widely u
s
e
d
i
n
ele
c
troni
c
ci
rcuit
desi
gn. I
t
has p
r
ovide
d
a go
od
way
to solve the
probl
em that t
h
e
output voltag
e an
d p
o
wer
transfe
r
effici
ency
of DC-
DC conve
r
ters are
limited. Howeve
r,
volta
ge
lift techniq
u
e
still h
a
s its
disa
dvantag
e
s
, such a
s
t
he o
u
tput vo
ltage in
crea
ses i
n
a
r
ithm
etic
prog
re
ssion.
Along with th
e develop
me
nt of conv
e
r
si
on tech
niqu
e, Super-Lift (S
L) techniq
ue
has
sho
w
n a mo
re powerful ab
ility than volta
ge lift techniq
ue [5].
SRMs requi
re po
we
r
con
v
erters to
contro
l
the
condu
cting
se
quen
ce
of t
he
stator
windi
ng
s. Asymmetric
brid
ge SRM
con
v
erters hav
e
two switche
s
(plu
s two dio
des) p
e
r
pha
se.
This
conve
r
te
r topolo
g
y pro
v
ides the m
o
st flexible
and
effective con
t
rol to the current waveforms
of an SRM bu
t has the high
est numb
e
r of
switche
s
.
The c-d
u
mp circuit
ha
s
a
singl
e
switch
per pha
se. The store
d
magneti
c
en
ergy
in
a
stator
windin
g
is tran
sferred, after the turn-o
ff of a power switch
, to the stora
ge ca
pa
citor
and
then sent to
the po
wer
su
pply via a st
ep-d
o
wn
d
c
cho
ppe
r. The
topology
co
uld re
du
ce t
h
e
overall cost o
f
the SRM dri
v
e.
2. Proposed
LUO
Conv
erter Fed S
w
i
t
ched Reluctance Mo
tor
Driv
e
In the prop
osed ci
rcuit mo
del given inp
u
t AC su
p
p
ly is co
nverte
d into the dc
su
pply with
the help of the diode b
r
idg
e
rectifie
r.
Figure 1. LUO Conve
r
ter
Based S
R
M Drive
Figure 1 sh
o
w
s the p
r
op
o
s
ed L
U
O
con
v
erter ba
se
d SRM drive.
The DC su
pp
ly is given to the LUO co
nver
ter. The
LUO
conve
r
ter is u
s
ed to
improve
the output q
uality of the sup
p
ly. It mean
s in
the
LUO
co
nvert
e
r outp
u
t it contai
n the l
e
ss
harm
oni
cs, l
e
ss di
stortion
and l
o
w rip
p
l
e
. By co
ntroll
ing the
L
U
O
conve
r
ter out
put, SRM
mo
tor
output p
e
rfo
r
mance i
s
im
proved.
For t
he L
U
O
con
v
erter
ope
rati
on n
o
rm
al P
W
M
gene
rat
o
r i
s
use
d
. Thu
s
t
he C-
Dum
p
conve
r
ter [7]
is the
effi
cien
t conve
r
ter fo
r the S
R
M d
r
i
v
e. Here the
C-
Dump
co
nverter is u
s
e
d
to drive the SRM motor.
The
hystere
s
i
s
current co
mpa
r
ator i
s
u
s
ed
to
give the roto
r position
and
also it ge
ne
rates t
he Pul
s
e Signal to th
e C-
Dum
p
converte
r. Wh
en
we
control the LUO converter th
us the
performance
of the SRM
drive is varied.
By controlling
the LUO
conv
erter S
R
M dri
v
e is easily controlle
d.
3. Opera
t
ing Principle of LUO
Conv
erter
3.1. LUO Co
nv
erter Oper
ation
The ci
rcuit diagra
m
for the
LUO
conve
r
ter [2-8]
i
s
sh
own in Fi
gure
2. In the circuit, S is
the main switch an
d D is t
he free
whe
e
li
ng di
ode. Th
e energy storage devi
c
e
s
are ind
u
cto
r
s L1,
L2 and
cap
a
citors C1, C2,
R is the loa
d
resi
stan
ce.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decem
ber 20
14 : 8120 – 81
25
8122
Figure 2. LUO Conve
r
ter
For an
alyzin
g purpo
se th
e LUO
co
nverter
can
be
divided into t
w
o mo
de
s. Whe
n
the
swit
ch S is O
N
, the induct
o
r L
1
is ch
arged by the supply voltage
source. Th
e
inducto
r L
2
and
cap
a
cit
o
r C
1
absorb
s
the
energy from sou
r
ce at the
same time. The load p
o
w
er i
s
su
ppli
ed by
cap
a
cit
o
r C
2
. Du
ring
swit
ch S i
s
i
n
O
FF state
there
is
no
cu
rrent flow. T
h
e indu
cto
r
starts
discha
rgin
g throu
gh the freewheelin
g di
ode so the
ca
pacito
r
get
s charg
ed. The i
ndu
ctor
Curre
n
t
i
L2
discha
r
g
e
s through the capa
citor C
2
a
nd the load R. If we add the additional fil
t
er com
pone
n
t
s
like capa
citor
and ind
u
cto
r
to redu
ce t
he
harm
oni
c levels of the out
put voltage.
3.2. Modes o
f
Oper
ation
Mode 1
:
whe
n
the switch
S is ON, the i
ndu
ctor L
1
i
s
cha
r
ge
d by the supply vol
t
age. At
the same
tim
e
, the i
ndu
cto
r
L
2
is
c
h
ar
ged
th
ro
u
g
h
th
e c
a
p
a
c
i
to
r C
1
and th
e
sou
r
ce. The
capa
ci
to
r
C
2
delivers th
e loa
d
p
o
wer.
The
corre
s
p
onde
nt ci
rc
uit of L
U
O
conv
erter in
meth
od 1
op
eratio
n is
s
h
ow
n
in
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
Figure 3. Mode 1 Ope
r
atio
n
Mode
2
:
whe
n
the switch
Sis OFF
stat
e, there i
s
n
o
cu
rrent flo
w
. The i
ndu
ctor sta
r
ts
discha
rgin
g throu
gh the freewheelin
g di
ode so the
ca
pacito
r
get
s charg
ed. The i
ndu
ctor
Curre
n
t
i
L2
disch
arg
e
s
thro
ugh th
e
cap
a
cito
r C
2
and the lo
ad
R and th
e freewheelin
g d
i
ode D to
ke
ep
itself contin
uo
us. The eq
uivalent circuit o
f
LU
O co
nverter in mode 2
operat
ion is
shown in Figure
4. In disco
n
t
inuou
s cond
uction
mod
e
ope
ration,
output i
s
in
the form
o
f
discontinu
o
u
s
c
o
nd
uc
tio
n
.
In this disco
n
tinuou
s con
ductio
n
mod
e
diode i
s
n
o
t pre
s
ent a
nd indu
ctor
discha
rge
throug
hout V
0
and
L
2
. The
output pe
rio
d
of the L
U
O
b
u
ck c
onve
r
ter is
comp
ri
sed
of an in
du
cto
r
and capa
citor.
Figure 4. Mode 2 Ope
r
atio
n
The output st
age sto
r
e
s
a
nd delivers e
nergy
to the load, and sm
oothen
s out the switch
node
voltage to
pro
d
u
c
e a stable
outp
u
t voltage.
I
ndu
ctor ch
oice
straight i
n
fluen
ce
s the
amo
u
n
t
of current ri
pple seen on t
he indu
ctor
current, as fine as the
cu
rrent ability of the buck
conv
erter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Bidirectional L
uo Converter
Fed Switched
Reluctance
Motor
(
M
.
V
i
s
h
v
a
n
a
t
h
)
8123
itself. Inducto
rs
differ from
make
r to m
a
ker in bot
h
m
a
terial a
nd
si
gnifica
nce, a
nd typically h
a
ve
a toleran
c
e of
20%. Inductors h
a
ve an inherent DC
resi
stan
ce (kn
o
wn a
s
the DCR) that impacts
the pe
rforma
nce
of the
output p
o
int. Re
du
ci
ng
the
DC resi
stance
imp
r
o
v
es the
wh
ole
perfo
rman
ce
of the converter. Fo
r that functio
n
it needs a larg
e lo
ad cu
rre
nt, it
is sug
g
e
s
ted
to
cho
o
s
e
an in
duct
o
r wit
h
a
small
DC r
e
si
st
an
ce.
The
Dire
ct
c
u
r
r
ent
resi
st
an
ce i
s
less
er f
o
r sm
all
indu
ctor valu
es, but there
is a trade
−
o
ff between in
ducta
nce and
ripple cu
rren
t; the lower the
indu
ctan
ce, the ri
pple
cu
rrent i
s
hig
h
t
h
rou
gho
ut
th
e indu
cto
r
. Similarly, for t
he ne
gative
half
cycle of the supply voltage
, switch
Sw
2
, indu
ctor
L
i
2
, an
d diode
s
D
2
a
nd
D
n
cond
uct.
4. C- Dum
p
Conv
erter fo
r SRM Driv
e
It is de
rived
from th
e
C-
Dump
conve
r
ter [9]
circuit
by elimin
atin
g the i
ndu
cto
r
of th
e
buck convert
e
r. The en
erg
y
is t
hen dum
ped into the capa
citor but i
s
dire
ctly utilized by the ne
xt
pha
se, rathe
r
than
bei
n
g
retu
rn
ed t
o
the d
c
supply a
s
in
the conven
tional C-
Dump
config
uratio
n. Since
the
C- Du
mp
ca
pac
itor voltage
is in the
rang
e
of 2
V
dc
, its p
r
oper utilizatio
n
signifi
cantly improve
s
the drive
pe
rform
ance.
Figure 5. C-Dump Co
nvert
e
r
Comp
ared
wi
th a modified
C-
Dum
p
co
nverte
r,
we n
o
te that the
energy in the
dump
cap
a
cito
r is
dire
ctly utilized to ene
rgi
z
e pha
se wi
n
d
ing
s
and to
maintain the
dump capa
citor
voltage at
V
dc
rather tha
n
2
V
dc
. Control of the d
u
mp capa
citor voltage i
s
simplified a
nd
dupli
c
ation of
the phase cu
rre
nts is e
nab
led in
an en
ergy efficient C- Dump
conve
r
ter.
Figure 5
sho
w
s th
e en
ergy efficient
C-
Du
m
p
co
nverter to
pol
ogy, derived
from the
conve
n
tional
C-
Dump
converte
r [9]. The topol
o
g
y could
mi
nimize th
e
whol
e co
st
of th
e
Switche
d
Rel
u
ctan
ce M
o
to
r drive. The
p
o
tential
ratin
g
s
of the c-du
mp ca
pa
citor
and a fe
w of th
e
swit
chin
g dev
ice
s
in the e
nergy effici
en
t C- Du
mp co
nverter a
r
e redu
ced to th
e sup
p
ly voltage
(
V
dc
) level
co
mpared to t
w
i
c
e the
supply
voltage (2
V
dc
) in the
conventional
C- Dump
conve
r
te
r.
In addition, th
e co
nverte
r h
a
s
simple
co
n
t
rol re
quirem
ents a
nd all
o
ws th
e moto
r
pha
se
curre
n
t to
freewheel d
u
ring ch
oppin
g
mode.
5. Simulation Resul
t
s
5.1. Withou
t LUO
Conv
erter Fed S
R
M Driv
e
In the results
torque
ran
ge
of the motor is
red
u
ced an
d the spe
ed range i
s
also low.
Figure 6. Without LUO Co
nverter O
u
tpu
t
s
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Vol. 12, No. 12, Decem
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25
8124
The
rippl
e in
the m
o
tor fl
ux is
high
a
nd al
so
the
curre
n
t rang
e of the
mot
o
r i
s
l
o
w.
Without L
U
O
conve
r
ter
circuit the motor take
s 0.
2 second
s to rea
c
h
the steady st
ate con
d
ition.
5.2. LUO Co
nv
erter Fed SRM Driv
e.
In the result
s torque
rang
e of the motor is increa
se
d a
nd the spe
ed
rang
e also high. The
ripple i
n
the
motor flux is lo
w and th
e cu
rrent
ra
n
ge of the m
o
tor is i
n
cre
a
se
d. With L
U
O
conve
r
ter
circuit the motor take
s 0.1
second
s to
reach the steady
state
conditio
n
when
comp
ared to the witho
u
t LUO conve
r
ter o
peratio
n. The
acceleration
in the torque i
s
high.
Figure 7. With LUO
Conve
r
ter Outp
uts
In the given Simulation re
sults th
e out
put
torqu
e
ri
pple is
red
u
ced wh
en
co
mpared to
the without L
U
O converte
r circuit.
6. Conclusio
n
From thi
s
th
e bidirectio
n
a
l LUO conv
er
ter fe
d Switched
Rel
u
ct
ance drive
h
a
s the
increa
sed
dri
v
e efficien
cy whe
n
comp
ared to
witho
u
t LUO
co
nverter
ope
ratio
n
. Here for t
h
e
LUO
conve
r
ter no
rmal P
W
M pul
se ge
nerato
r
is u
s
e
d
. In future for the LUO
Co
nverter o
pera
t
ion
SVPWM, NEURAL
or FUZZY logic m
e
thods will be
i
m
plemented f
o
r improving t
he perform
a
nce
of LUO conv
erter
with SRM drive and
also fo
r t
he Switch
ed Relu
ctan
ce Drive
the spa
c
e ve
ctor
modulatio
n tech
niqu
e ma
y be implemented. Due t
o
the implem
entation of LUO converte
r th
e
spe
ed of the motor is in
cre
a
se
d and the
torque rip
p
le
also re
du
ced
.
Bridge LUO
converte
r ha
s
to be repla
c
ed with Brid
gele
ss L
U
O
conve
r
ter
so
that the power fa
ctor i
s
improved when
comp
ared to the co
nventio
nal co
nverte
rs.
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oo
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hn, Jiani
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ae-W
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Bidirectional L
uo Converter
Fed Switched
Reluctance
Motor
(
M
.
V
i
s
h
v
a
n
a
t
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8125
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i
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