Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
23
,
No.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
,
pp.
132
~
139
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v
23
.i
1
.
pp
13
2
-
139
132
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Des
i
gn o
f circul
ar ind
ucti
ve pad
coup
le with
mag
n
etic flux
density a
nalysis f
or wirel
ess po
wer
transf
er in EV
Syasya
Az
ra Z
aini
,
Mohd
S
ha
hrin
Abu
H
an
if
ah
,
Siti
H
ajar
Yu
s
off, N
ad
ia
N
az
ie
ha
Nand
a,
Ah
med
S
amir
Badaw
i
Depa
rt
m
ent
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al a
nd
Co
m
pute
r
Engi
n
ee
r
ing,
In
te
rn
at
ion
a
l
Islamic
Univer
sit
y
,
Ma
lay
sia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
9
, 2
0
20
Re
vised
Jun
8
, 2
021
Accepte
d
J
un
15
, 2
021
As
the
popul
at
io
n
grows
,
people
will
consum
e
m
ore
nat
ura
l
r
esourc
es.
Thi
s
issue
will
le
ad
t
o
a
low
p
et
rol
suppl
y
for
a
ll
la
n
d
tra
nsport
at
ion
,
espe
c
ial
l
y
supplie
s
for
ca
r
consum
pti
on.
T
her
efo
re
,
th
e
el
e
ct
ri
c
vehicle
(
E
V)
has
bee
n
int
roduc
ed
to
ov
erc
om
e
th
is
issue.
Curr
ent
l
y
,
wir
ed
ch
arg
ing
of
E
Vs
has
bee
n
implemente
d
in
m
ost
of
the
deve
lope
d
co
untr
y
,
includin
g
Malay
s
ia.
How
eve
r,
som
e
dra
wbac
ks
have
bee
n
found
from
thi
s
te
chno
log
y
.
The
ref
or
e
,
wire
le
ss
cha
rg
in
g
comes
int
o
the
pic
ture
to
solv
e
thi
s
issue.
Charg
ing
pad
on
the
roa
d
and
at
the
ca
r
ar
e
req
u
ire
d
for
both
wire
d
and
wire
le
ss
cha
rging.
Vari
ous
designs
of
cha
rging
p
ad
are
av
ai
l
able.
H
oweve
r,
th
is
pap
er
will
on
l
y
foc
us
on
th
e
ci
r
cul
ar
design
.
T
her
e
is
m
an
y
so
ftwa
re
tha
t
c
an
be
used
to
design
the
coil
pad.
Ea
ch
software
h
as
a
diff
er
ent
proc
edur
e
a
nd
steps
to
design
the
co
il
pad.
In
thi
s
pap
er,
JM
AG
Desig
ner
software
wil
l
be
used
t
o
design
the
c
ircula
r
coil
pad
.
The
n,
thre
e
coil
pai
r
wer
e
sim
ula
t
ed
using
JMAG
Designe
r
to
inv
esti
ga
te
t
he
m
agne
t
ic
f
lu
x
density
b
et
we
en
prima
r
y
and
sec
ond
ar
y
c
oil
when
v
ar
y
in
g
the
m
isalignm
ent
of
0
cm,
4
c
m
and
8
cm
.
From
the
si
m
ula
ti
on
,
the
r
e
is
no
spec
ifi
c
tr
end
in
the
relati
ons
hip
bet
wee
n
m
agne
ti
c
flux
de
nsit
y
and
m
isal
i
gnm
ent
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Ci
rcu
la
r
c
oil p
ad
Ele
ct
ric v
e
hicle
(E
V)
JMAG
Desi
gner
Ma
gn
et
ic
f
l
ux
densi
ty
Mi
sal
ign
m
ent
W
i
reless c
harg
ing
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Mohd S
ha
hr
i
n Abu
Ha
nifa
h,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
an
d
Com
pu
te
r
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng,
In
te
r
natio
nal Is
lam
ic
U
niv
er
sit
y M
al
ay
sia
,
Jal
an Go
m
bak
,
5310
0 Ku
al
a
Lum
pu
r, M
al
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
: nn
azi
eh
a.n
a
nd
a
@
gm
ail.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
c
on
s
um
pti
on
o
f
oil
after
t
he
ye
ar
20
10
is
higher
tha
n
th
e
producti
on
of
oil.
This
sit
uat
ion
is
ve
ry
crit
ic
al
becau
s
e
oil
pr
od
uctio
n
is
no
t
bei
ng
able
to
m
ee
t
t
he
dem
and
of
the
co
ns
um
ers
sta
rting
f
ro
m
2010.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
he
us
e
of
a
fuel
car
will
be
irrel
evan
t
in
the
fut
ur
e.
Gove
rn
m
ent
has
intr
oduc
ed
el
ect
ric
ve
hicle
(EV)
as
one
of
the
ways
t
o
s
ol
ve
this
iss
ue.
Ele
ct
ric
veh
ic
l
e
(E
V)
has
bee
n
intr
oduce
d
i
n
2012
due
t
o
public
awar
e
ness
of
the
eff
ect
of
ga
s
e
m
issi
on
from
the
tradit
ion
al
car
an
d
the
extinct
io
n
of
pet
ro
le
um
natu
ral
resou
rces
[1
]
.
Be
sides,
E
V
a
nd
pl
ug
-
in
hy
bri
d
E
V
can
im
pro
ve
ai
r
qual
it
y.
This
a
bili
ty
is
beca
us
e
22
%
of
t
he
carbo
n
dioxide
gas
in
the
ai
r
is
e
m
it
te
d
fr
om
transp
ort
at
io
n
[2
]
.
I
n
Ma
la
ysi
a,
there
are
six
m
od
el
s
of
el
ect
ric
car
avail
able
in
the
m
ark
et
.
Am
on
g
the
m
od
el
s
are
nissa
n
le
af,
m
it
su
bish
i
m
oto
rs
i
-
Mi
EV,
BM
W
i8
and
vol
vo
XC90.
The
us
e
of
E
V
has
been
i
m
ple
m
ented
in
m
any
fo
reig
n
co
un
t
ries
suc
h
as
China,
Ca
nad
a
,
Wester
n
E
uro
pe
, J
a
pan an
d
t
he
Unit
ed
Stat
es
[3]
-
[
5].
Ther
e
are
tw
o
ways
of
cha
r
gin
g
the
E
V,
w
hi
ch
is
wired
an
d
wireless
cha
r
ging.
W
ire
d
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
a
tradit
ion
al
wa
y
of
c
hargin
g
the
el
ect
ric
ve
hicle
.
Wh
il
st
wireless
c
harg
ing
of
EV
off
ers
com
pactne
ss
an
d
safety
without
any
us
e
of
a
cable
due
to
c
harg
in
g
c
om
petence
[
6]
-
[
9].
How
e
ver,
ther
e
are
so
m
e
risk
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of circ
ula
r
in
du
ct
iv
e
pad
c
ouple wi
t
h
mag
netic
fl
ux
d
e
ns
it
y an
alysis
…
(
Sya
sy
a Azra Zai
ni
)
133
hazar
ds
when
us
in
g
wireless
chargin
g
pad.
Larg
e
po
wer
l
evels
f
ro
m
the
chargin
g
pa
d
will
po
te
ntial
l
y
cause
el
ect
ric
sh
oc
k,
fire
haza
rd
s
and
m
agn
e
ti
c
fiel
d
ex
posure
hazar
ds
[
10]
-
[12].
The
refo
r
e,
the
cha
rg
i
ng
pa
d
desig
ns
ha
ve
t
o
m
eet
the saf
e
ty
stand
ar
d set
by the i
nter
national
gro
ups
be
fore it ca
n b
e
use
d
c
omm
ercia
ll
y.
In
wireless
ch
arg
i
ng
of
E
V,
the
coil
pad
desig
n
is
am
o
ng
t
he
cr
ucial
factor
th
at
ne
eds
to
be
consi
der
e
d.
G
ood
coil
pad
de
sign
will
re
du
c
e
the
lo
ss
of
powe
r
t
o
s
urr
ou
nd
i
ng
due
t
o
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent
and
ai
r
gap.
T
he
desi
gn
s
t
hat
ha
ve
been
disc
us
se
d
act
ively
a
m
o
ng
resea
rch
e
rs
are
ci
rcu
la
r,
r
ect
angular,
d
ouble
-
D
(DD),
d
ouble
-
D
q
ua
dr
at
ur
e
(
DDQ).
Am
ong
m
any
pad
desi
gn
s
,
the
ci
rcu
l
ar
pa
d
is
the
m
os
t
f
un
ct
i
on
al
desig
n
because
of
thei
r
m
agn
et
ic
pr
operti
es
[
13]
-
[
16]
.
The
re
are
va
rio
us
de
sig
ns
of
th
e
coil,
a
nd
each
of
the
de
sign
s
has
it
s
ben
e
fit f
or it
s sp
eci
fic
re
q
ui
rem
ents and a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
[17]
-
[
21]
.
The
pri
m
ary
a
nd
sec
onda
ry
coil
pad
syst
e
m
can
be
repr
esented
as
the
ci
rcu
it
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
1
belo
w.
The
ci
r
cuit
co
ns
ist
s
of
the
pr
im
ary
side,
w
her
e
pri
m
ary
in
du
ct
a
nce
(L
p)
is
the
pr
i
m
ary
coil
pa
d
wh
il
e
Ls
is
the
sec
onda
ry
coil
pad.
This
is
t
he
s
eries
-
se
ries
co
m
pen
sat
ion
to
po
l
og
y,
the
si
m
plest
co
m
pen
sat
io
n
topolo
gy am
on
g
al
l avail
a
b
le
c
om
pen
sat
ion t
opologies
[22]
-
[26]
.
Figure
1
.
Induc
ti
ve
pa
d
c
ouple
r
sc
hem
atic circuit
Be
fore
pro
du
c
ing
the
pr
oto
t
ype
of
the
ci
r
cular
coil
pa
d,
the
coil
pad
was
desi
gn
usi
ng
spe
ci
fic
so
ft
war
e
for
t
he
sim
ulati
on
process
.
Am
ong
the
softw
are
that
ca
n
be
use
d
is
S
olidwo
rk,
CO
MSOL
Mult
iph
ysi
cs a
nd JMA
G
Desi
gn
e
r
.
D
if
fer
e
nt
softwa
re
has d
iffer
e
nt
w
ay
s to dra
w
t
he
c
oil pa
d.
In
this
pa
per
,
the
sim
ulatio
n
of
c
oil
pad
usi
ng
JM
AG
D
esi
gn
e
r
softwa
re
an
d
the
m
a
gn
et
ic
fl
ux
densi
ty
pr
opert
ie
s
wer
e
exp
la
i
ned.
The
rem
ain
in
g
sect
ion
of
this
pap
er
co
m
pr
ise
s
of
few
m
ai
n
par
ts.
Sect
ion
2
will
be
ex
pla
ining
a
bout
t
he
m
et
ho
dolo
gy,
wh
il
e
sect
ion
3
will
la
y
ou
t
the
sim
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
from
JM
A
G
Desig
ner
s
of
tw
are. As a
concl
us
io
n, the last
sect
ion
will
conclu
de
the
pap
er.
2.
METHO
DOL
OGY
This
sect
ion
w
il
l
discuss
the
pro
po
se
d
m
et
ho
dolo
gy
that
is
us
ed
t
o
desi
gn
a
ci
rc
ular
p
ad
.
I
n
this
sect
ion
,
the
re
will
be
four
s
ubsect
io
ns
;
ov
e
r
view
de
sig
n
on
coil
pad,
ge
om
et
ric
par
a
m
et
ers
cal
culat
ion
,
pa
d
coupler
desi
gn
an
d
sim
ulati
o
n
in
JMA
G
D
esi
gn
e
r
a
nd
e
va
luati
on
.
S
ub
s
ect
ion
2.1
will
discu
ss
the
overal
l
process
t
o
sim
ulate
the
c
oil
pad,
incl
ud
i
ng
cal
culat
ion
a
nd
sim
ulati
on
s.
Wh
il
st
su
bs
e
ct
ion
2.2
s
hows
t
he
form
ula
and
c
al
culat
ion
nee
ded
f
or
geo
m
et
ric
pa
ram
et
e
rs.
Subsect
io
n
2.3
des
cribe
s
the
flo
w
of
t
he
c
oil
desig
n
in
JMA
G
Desig
ne
r
so
f
tware.
Last
ly
,
su
bse
ct
ion
2.4
is
abo
ut
the
sim
ula
ti
on
and
e
valuati
on
w
hich
will
be
e
xp
la
in
ed
m
or
e
in
sect
io
n 3
.
2
.
1.
O
verv
ie
w
design
on
c
oil
p
ad
T
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
w
i
l
l
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
t
h
e
s
t
e
p
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
t
o
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
c
o
i
l
a
n
d
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
u
s
e
d
.
T
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
a
r
e
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
;
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
t
u
r
n
s
(
N
)
,
i
n
n
e
r
d
i
a
m
e
t
e
r
(
)
,
a
n
d
o
u
t
e
r
d
i
a
m
e
t
e
r
(
)
o
f
c
o
i
l
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
t
e
p
n
e
e
d
e
d
i
n
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
.
F
i
r
s
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
a
n
d
w
i
l
l
b
e
u
s
e
d
i
n
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
d
c
o
u
p
l
e
r
i
n
J
M
A
G
.
L
a
t
e
r
,
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
d
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
d
c
o
u
p
l
e
r
i
s
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
J
M
A
G
D
e
s
i
g
n
e
r
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
a
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
c
o
i
l
s
w
e
r
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
d
.
Figure
2
.
Steps
n
ee
ded to
desi
gn the
ge
om
et
r
ic
p
r
operti
es
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m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
13
2
-
139
134
2.2
.
Ge
om
etri
c pa
r
ame
ters
c
alcula
tion
The
c
oil pa
d p
aram
et
ers
are c
al
culat
ed usin
g
(
1
)
[
13
]
, [
27
]
.
,
,
L a
nd
N
in
that e
quat
ion
represe
nts in
ne
r diam
e
te
r,
out
er
diam
e
te
r,
in
du
ct
a
nce a
nd
num
ber
of tu
r
ns
of the c
oil res
pe
ct
ively
.
N
2
(
D
out
+
D
in
)
2
8
(
15D
out
−
7D
in
)
2
.
54
(1)
Wh
e
re
is
t
he
in
ne
r
diam
e
te
r
(in
cm
),
is
the outer di
a
m
et
er
(in
cm
),
L
the
in
du
ct
a
nce (
in
µ
H
)
and
N
is
the
nu
m
ber
of
tur
ns
of
c
oil.
E
quat
ion
on
is
a
pp
li
ed
to
both
pr
im
ary
and
seco
nd
a
ry
in
duct
anc
e
cal
culat
ion
i
n
accor
da
nce
with
the
pa
ram
eter
s
in
volve
d.
Mi
sal
ign
m
ent
is
cal
culat
ed
horiz
on
ta
ll
y
f
r
om
the
centre
of
the
pri
m
ary
coil
to
the
centre
of
the
seco
ndary
coil.
W
hilst
ai
r
gap
distance
is
m
easur
ed
ve
rt
ic
al
ly
from
the su
r
fac
e of the
prim
ar
y coil
to
th
e s
urface
of the
sec
onda
ry coil.
In
t
his
pro
j
ect
,
the
value
of
pr
im
ary
and
s
econda
ry
indu
ct
ance
is
333.
9
µH
a
nd
37
µH.
Ta
ble
1
belo
w
disp
la
ys
the
value
for
cal
culat
ed
and
m
easur
ed
in
du
ct
a
nce
(L
),
nu
m
ber
of
tur
ns
of
coil
(N),
inn
er
diam
e
te
r
(
)
an
d
oute
r
dia
m
et
er
(
out
)
.
T
he
values
of
c
al
culat
ed
a
nd
m
easur
ed
in
du
ct
ance
ar
e
al
m
os
t
the
sam
e and
in t
he
accepta
ble r
a
ng
e
.
Table
1.
C
om
par
iso
n of cal
cu
la
te
d
an
d
m
easur
e
d for i
nduct
ance a
nd no o
f t
urns
Calcu
lated
in
d
u
ctan
ce
Measu
red
in
d
u
ctan
ce
No
.
o
f
turn
s calcul
ated
No
.
o
f
turn
s f
ab
ricated
Inn
er
d
ia
m
et
er
(c
m
)
Ou
ter
d
ia
m
e
ter
(
c
m
)
3
3
3
.9 µH
3
2
4
.6 µH
4
5
.93
43
5
.5
3
2
.5
3
7
.09
µH
3
3
.3 µH
8
.86
8
2
2
.0
2
6
.8
3
7
.09
µH
3
5
.4 µH
7
.86
8
2
7
.5
3
2
.5
3
7
.09
µH
3
6
.1 µH
6
.96
7
3
3
.0
3
7
.0
The
n,
the
dia
m
et
er
of
the
coil
pad
is
set
fo
r
eac
h
pair.
T
he
siz
e
of
the
ci
rcu
la
r
pa
d
f
or
the
pr
im
ary
coil
is
fixed
f
or
al
l
coil
pair
s.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
th
e
seconda
ry
coil’s
diam
et
er
is
var
ie
d.
The
r
e
are
three
c
oil
pair
desig
n
s
in
this
proj
ect
wh
ic
h
are
P
-
S
1,
P
-
S
2
,
P
-
S
3
.
P
re
presents
the
pr
i
m
ary
coil,
whil
e
S
rep
rese
nt
s
the
seco
nd
a
ry
coil.
The
s
ubscri
pt
1,
2
a
nd
3
a
re
t
he
three
dif
fer
e
nt
ci
rcu
la
r
coil
desig
n.
Table
1
a
bove
al
s
o
s
hows
t
h
e
geo
m
et
ric
p
aram
et
er
of
the
coil
pad.
The
pr
im
ary
coil
is
desig
n
with
5.
5
cm
inn
er
diam
et
er
(
)
a
nd
32.
5
c
m
o
uter
d
ia
m
et
er (
out
):
Co
il
p
air
P
-
S
1
:
T
he
in
ner
di
a
m
et
er
of
the
seco
nd
a
ry
coil
(
,
)
is
bigg
er
than
t
he
pri
m
ary
coil
(
,
),
w
hilst
the
ou
te
r
di
a
m
et
er
of
seconda
ry
coil
(
,
)
is
sm
al
le
r
than
pr
im
ary
coil
(
,
);
,
>
,
,
,
<
,
.
Co
il
p
air
P
-
S
2
:
The
oute
r
dia
m
et
er
of
sec
ondar
y
coil
(
,
)
an
d
pri
m
ary
coil
(
,
)
is
the
sam
e
wh
il
e
the
in
ne
r
diam
et
er
of
seco
nd
a
ry
coil
(
,
)
is
bi
gg
e
r
tha
n
pri
m
ary
coil
(
,
);
,
>
,
,
,
=
,
.
Co
il
pa
ir
P
-
S
3
:
T
he
oute
r
diam
e
te
r
of
se
conda
ry
coil
(
,
)
is
bigg
er
tha
n
the
pr
i
m
ary
coil
(
,
)
w
hil
e
the
inn
e
r
diam
et
er
of
sec
ondar
y
c
oil
(
,
)
is
bigge
r
th
an
pri
m
ary
coi
l
(
,
);
,
>
,
,
,
>
,
.
The
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent for
this sim
ulati
on
is
va
rie
d betwee
n 0 c
m
, 4
c
m
an
d 8 cm
w
hilst
the a
ir g
a
p
is
fixe
d
to
4 cm
. F
igure
3
s
hows
the P
-
S
1
c
oil
pair desig
n wit
hout m
isa
li
gn
m
ent co
ndit
io
n.
Wh
il
st, Fi
gur
e 4
il
lustrate
s the t
op v
ie
w of t
he c
oil desi
gn w
it
h 4 cm
m
isa
l
ign
m
ent. Th
is
fig
ur
e
is the t
op vi
ew
of t
he
c
oil. Th
e
red coil
in
the
Figure
belo
w r
epr
ese
nts t
he p
rim
ary coil
w
hi
le
b
r
own rep
re
sent sec
onda
ry coil.
Figure
3. To
p view
of P
-
S
1 d
esi
gn in
JM
AG
Desig
ner
at
0
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent
Figure
4. P
-
S1
desig
n
i
n
JM
A
G
Desig
ner
at
4
cm
m
isa
li
gn
m
en
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Desig
n of circ
ula
r
in
du
ct
iv
e
pad
c
ouple wi
t
h
mag
netic
fl
ux
d
e
ns
it
y an
alysis
…
(
Sya
sy
a Azra Zai
ni
)
135
Figure
3
has
no
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent
beca
us
e
th
e
c
ent
re
of
the
pr
i
m
ary
coil
is
al
ign
ed
wit
h
th
e
seco
ndar
y
coil.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
f
r
om
Figu
re
4
,
the
ce
nt
re
of
the
pri
m
ary
coil
is
no
t
al
ign
e
d
with
the
ce
nt
re
of
the
se
co
ndary
coil.
The
distance
from
the
cent
re
of
the
p
rim
ary
coil
t
o
the
cent
re
of
the
seco
ndar
y
coil
is
4
c
m
.
The
horizo
ntal
dis
ta
nce
betwee
n
them
is
m
e
asur
e
d
an
d
c
al
le
d
as
m
isalign
m
ent.
The
se
tw
o
desig
ns
of
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent
and
without
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent
wer
e
us
e
d
for
t
he
sim
ulati
on
in
JMA
G
Desi
gn
e
r
.
Ta
ble
2
bel
ow
sh
ows
all
the
de
sign (P
-
S
1,
P
-
S
2,
P
-
S
3)
for 0 c
m
,
4
c
m
an
d 8 cm
m
isa
l
ign
m
e
nt in JM
A
G
D
esi
gn
e
r
.
Table
2.
C
oil p
ai
r
desi
gn at
0 c
m
, 4
cm
an
d 8
cm
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent
Misalig
n
m
en
t (
c
m
)
P
-
S
1
P
-
S
2
P
-
S
3
0
4
8
2.3
.
P
ad
c
oup
le
r design
Ther
e
are
th
ree
m
ai
n
ste
ps
in
desig
ning
the
c
oil
pad
co
uple
r
in
JMA
G
De
s
ign
e
r
softwa
re.
The
ste
ps
are s
ketchin
g, r
evo
l
ving a
nd c
ircuit
constr
uct
ion
a
s s
how
n
i
n
F
i
gure
5
Figure
5
.
Steps
n
ee
ded to
desi
gn the ci
rcu
la
r c
oil pa
d
in
JM
AG
Desi
gner
2.3
.
1.
Ske
tchi
ng
o
f
circ
ular
c
oil
p
ad
Ba
sed
on the i
nfor
m
at
ion
in Ta
ble 1
a
bove
,
the n
e
xt step
i
s to
desi
gn
t
he
se coils base
d on
t
he
D
in
a
nd
D
out
us
i
ng
the
JMAG
Desi
gner
s
of
t
war
e.
T
he
first
ste
p
in
orde
r
t
o
desig
n
the
se
c
oils
(
P,
S
1,
S
2,
S3)
is
t
o
sk
et
ch
a
li
ne
that
re
presents
the
in
ner
ra
dius
of
t
he
c
oil
(
R
in
),
a
nd
oute
r
ra
diu
s
of
t
he
coil
(R
out
)
a
re
dr
a
w
n
i
n
the
‘G
e
om
et
ry
editor
’
sect
io
n
as
il
lustrate
d
in
Fig
ur
e
5
below
.
The
value
of
R
in
is
ta
ken
as
2
,
w
hilst
R
ou
t
is
consi
der
e
d
as
2
.
Th
us
,
t
he
valu
e
of
Ri
n
is
165
m
m
and
R
out
is
185
m
m
.
Figu
re
6
represe
nts
the
sec
onda
r
y
coil, S
3
a
nd th
e unit
u
se
d
i
n
t
his s
ketchin
g
i
s in
m
il
l
i
m
e
te
r
(m
m
).
These ste
ps
of
desi
gnin
g
the
c
oil pa
d
are
re
pe
at
ed
f
or
pri
m
a
ry coil exce
pt that the
value o
f
the s
ketch
li
ne
that
repres
ents
the
in
ne
r
r
adius
of
t
he
c
oi
l
(R
in
)
and
outer
ra
diu
s o
f
the
coil
(R
out
)
is
now
base
d
on
T
able
1
unde
r pr
im
ary coil
(
P
)
’
s
par
a
m
et
ers
[28]
.
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IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
13
2
-
139
136
Figure
6.
S
ketchin
g of t
he
sec
onda
ry coil,
S3 i
ns
ide
the
ge
om
et
ry editor
usi
ng
JMA
G
Des
ign
e
r
2.3
.
2.
Re
vo
l
ving
th
e
s
ket
ch
Now,
t
he
seco
nd
a
ry
coil’s
s
ke
tc
h
is
revolve
d
0o
a
bout
z
-
a
xis
as
in
dicat
ed
in
the
blu
e
li
ne
sho
wn
i
n
Figure
7.
I
n
th
is
0
o
,
t
he
sec
onda
ry
c
oil
is
just
a
li
ne
.
T
his
init
ia
l
ste
p
is
cru
ci
al
to
pr
oduce
a
ci
rcu
la
r
sh
a
pe
.
The
n,
Fi
gure
8
il
lustrate
s
th
e
seco
nd
a
ry
c
oil
revolve
d
at
360
o
a
bout
th
e
z
-
axis
.
T
his
ste
p
will
pro
duce
a
com
plete
circl
e
an
d
a f
ull design
of
the c
oil.
Af
te
r
c
om
pletin
g
the
desig
n
f
or
eac
h
pri
m
ar
y and
seco
ndar
y pad,
bo
t
h
pa
ds
will
app
ea
r
as
dis
pl
ay
in
Figure
9
.
The
re
d
col
o
u
r
re
pr
ese
nts
th
e
pr
im
ary
coil
(
P
)
wh
il
e
bl
ue
colo
u
r
represe
nts
the
seco
nd
a
ry coil
(S
3
)
.
Figure
7.
Sec
onda
ry c
oil, S
3
revolve
d 0°
Figure
8
.
Sec
onda
ry
c
oil,
S
3
revolve
d 3
60°
Figure
9. Coil
desig
n
i
n
the
geo
m
et
ry edito
r of
JM
A
G
Desig
ner
2.3
.
3
.
C
on
s
tru
ct
ci
rcui
t
in
JMA
G
Desig
ne
r
Af
te
r
c
om
pletin
g
t
he
s
ketchin
g
pr
ocess,
t
he
m
od
el
will
be
im
po
rted
to
the
JMAG
Desig
ne
r
to
stu
dy
the m
agn
et
ic
p
roper
ti
es. T
he
n, a circuit
as in
Figure
10
wh
ic
h
re
pr
e
sents
both prim
ary and
seco
nd
a
ry coil wil
l
be
co
ns
tr
ucte
d
in
this
s
of
twa
re
to
sta
te
the
coil’s
pa
ram
eter
su
c
h
as
t
he
nu
m
ber
of
t
urns,
ca
pacit
anc
e,
loa
d
resist
or an
d v
ol
ta
ge
sourc
e.
T
he value
f
or
e
a
ch param
et
er has b
ee
n
m
entioned in
T
able
1 pr
e
viously
.
Figure
10
. Circ
uit co
ns
tr
ucted
in
JM
AG
Desi
gn
e
r
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on
esi
a
n
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E
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p
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IS
S
N:
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02
-
4752
Desig
n of circ
ula
r
in
du
ct
iv
e
pad
c
ouple wi
t
h
mag
netic
fl
ux
d
e
ns
it
y an
alysis
…
(
Sya
sy
a Azra Zai
ni
)
137
2.3
.
4.
Simul
ati
on
in
JM
AG
Designe
r
an
d
eva
lu
ati
on
Af
te
r
com
pletin
g
the
par
am
et
ers
cal
culat
io
n
a
nd
coil
de
s
ign
,
the
sim
ulati
on
will
then
be
i
niti
at
ed.
JMAG
Desig
ne
r
will
r
un
t
he
si
m
ulati
on
betwee
n
c
oil
pad
(
pr
im
ary
and
seco
ndary
coil)
to
st
udy
the
relat
ion
s
hip
be
tween
eac
h
co
il
design
a
nd
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent
towa
rd
s
t
he
m
agn
et
ic
fl
ux
de
ns
it
y
produce
d.
I
n
su
m
m
arize,
there
are
4
ste
ps
wh
ic
h
c
om
pr
ise
of
ge
om
e
tric
par
am
et
ers
ca
lc
ulati
on
,
pad
c
ouple
r
de
sign,
si
m
ulati
on
us
i
ng
t
he
JMA
G
Desig
ner
s
of
t
war
e
a
nd
e
val
uation.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
for
the
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
densi
ty
si
m
ulati
on
w
il
l be e
xpla
ine
d
i
n
sect
io
n 3.
3.
SIMULATI
O
N RESULTS
I
n
J
M
A
G
D
e
s
i
g
n
e
r
,
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
c
o
i
l
p
a
i
r
s
a
r
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
a
n
d
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
.
F
o
r
e
a
c
h
p
a
i
r
,
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
f
i
x
e
d
t
o
4
c
m
a
i
r
g
a
p
a
n
d
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
i
s
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
0
c
m
,
4
c
m
a
n
d
8
c
m
.
D
e
s
i
g
n
1
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
f
o
r
P
-
S
1
p
a
i
r
a
t
0
c
m
,
4
c
m
a
n
d
8
c
m
m
i
s
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
c
o
l
o
u
r
l
e
g
e
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
c
o
i
l
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
c
o
i
l
.
E
v
e
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
l
o
u
r
l
e
g
e
n
d
i
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
b
y
r
e
d
c
o
l
o
u
r
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
u
m
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
i
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
o
r
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
r
e
d
r
e
g
i
o
n
(
5
.
3
3
3
3
E
-
04
T
t
o
6
.
0
0
0
0
E
-
0
4
T
)
.
T
h
i
s
o
r
a
n
g
e
r
e
g
i
o
n
v
a
l
u
e
i
s
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
a
s
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
5
.
8
0
0
4
E
-
0
4
T
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
b
e
l
o
w
t
h
e
c
o
l
o
u
r
l
e
g
e
n
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
d
c
o
l
o
u
r
m
a
y
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
,
b
u
t
i
t
i
s
n
o
t
o
p
t
i
m
u
m
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
l
u
x
e
s
a
r
e
t
o
o
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
e
d
,
t
h
u
s
n
o
t
i
d
e
a
l
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
.
Table
3.
Ma
gnet
ic
r
eflu
x
c
oil
pair desig
n
at
0 cm
, 4
cm
an
d 8 cm
m
isa
l
ignm
ent
Desig
n
Misalig
n
m
en
t
0
c
m
4
c
m
8
c
m
1
2
3
F
r
o
m
d
e
s
i
g
n
1
f
o
r
a
l
l
m
i
s
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
3
,
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
v
a
l
u
e
f
o
r
P
-
S
1
p
a
i
r
i
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
a
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
m
i
s
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
.
A
t
0
c
m
m
i
s
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
,
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
v
a
l
u
e
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
c
o
i
l
i
s
l
o
w
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
5
.
0
0
8
E
-
0
4
T
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
a
s
t
h
e
m
i
s
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
a
n
d
s
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
c
o
i
l
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
a
s
w
e
l
l
u
n
t
i
l
i
t
r
e
a
c
h
e
s
1
.
7
3
3
E
-
0
3
T
a
t
8
c
m
m
i
s
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
13
2
-
139
138
Desig
n
2
is
P
-
S2
c
oil
pair
w
as
sk
et
che
d
a
nd
sim
ulate
d
in
JMAG
Desig
ner
.
This
desig
n
has
a
sim
il
ar
ou
te
r
diam
et
er
(D
out
)
val
ue
f
or
t
he
pr
im
ary
an
d
sec
ondar
y
coil
,
w
hich
is
32.5
cm
.
The
s
i
m
ulate
d
resu
lt
s
at
0
c
m
,
4
cm
an
d
8
cm
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent
are
s
how
n
i
n
Ta
ble
3
.
P
-
S
2
pair
ha
s
high
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
de
ns
it
y
a
rou
nd
2.439
6E
-
03
T
at
0
cm
m
isa
lig
nm
ent.
H
owe
ver,
as
t
he
m
i
sal
ign
m
ent
between
pri
m
ary
and
sec
ondar
y
coil
increases
,
the
m
agn
et
ic
f
lu
x densi
ty
d
ecreas
es as
well
unti
l i
t reaches
1.66
29E
-
03 T at
8 c
m
m
isa
l
ign
m
e
nt.
Desig
n
3
is
P
-
S
3
coil
pair
where
the
oute
r
di
a
m
et
er
(D
out
)
seconda
ry
coil
i
s
37
cm
wh
il
st
pr
im
ary
coil
is
32.5cm
.
P
-
S
3
pair
has
lo
w
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
densi
ty
aroun
d
1.2
784E
-
03
T
at
0
cm
m
isa
lig
nm
ent.
H
owe
ver,
as
the
m
isa
l
ign
m
ent
bet
ween
pr
i
m
ary
and
sec
onda
ry
coil
i
ncrea
ses
,
the
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
de
nsi
ty
decr
eases
a
s
well
un
ti
l
it
reache
s
1.2
407E
-
03
T
at
8
cm
m
is
al
ign
m
ent.
A
gr
a
ph
that
c
om
par
es
the
m
a
xim
u
m
m
agn
e
ti
c
flux
densi
ty
f
or all
thr
ee
d
esi
gns (
P
-
S
1
, P
-
S
2
, P
-
S
3
)
are e
xpresse
d i
n
Fig
ure
11
.
Figure
11
s
hows
that
m
isali
gn
m
ent
aff
ect
s
the
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
de
ns
it
y
value.
W
he
n
c
om
par
ing
P
-
S
1
coil
pair
an
d
P
-
S
2
coil
pair
at
0
cm
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent,
P
-
S
2
pa
ir
has
hi
gh
e
r
m
agn
et
ic
flux
densi
ty
.
The
tr
end
of
m
agn
et
ic
f
lu
x densi
ty
v
al
ue
over m
isa
li
gn
m
ent for
P
-
S
2
de
sign
is
dif
fer
e
nt
co
m
par
ing
to
P
-
S
1
,
wh
e
re th
e
trend
is
increasi
ng
i
n
c
on
tra
st
to
P
-
S
1
.
Furthe
rm
or
e,
P
-
S
3
desig
n
giv
es
a
lo
wer
value
of
m
agn
et
ic
flux
de
ns
it
y
tha
n
P
-
S
2
pair
but
hi
gh
e
r
tha
n
P
-
S
1
pair
at
0
cm
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent.
The
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
de
ns
it
y
va
lue
f
or
P
-
S
3
at
0
cm
m
isa
li
gn
m
ent
i
s
1.
27
8E
-
03
T
wh
ic
h
is
the
second
-
hi
gh
est
a
fter
P
-
S
2
.
Therefo
re,
these
si
m
ula
ti
on
resu
lt
s
sh
ow
that t
he
m
agn
e
ti
c flu
x de
ns
it
y dist
rib
utio
n
at
P
-
S
1
c
oil i
s the
lowest am
ong
t
he othe
r
tw
o d
esi
gn (
P
-
S
2
,
P
-
S
3
)
.
Figure
11. Ma
gn
et
ic
flu
x densi
ty
f
or all
thr
e
e coil pai
rs des
ign
f
or
ai
r gap
4cm
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
pe
r
ha
s
su
ccess
fu
ll
y
inv
e
sti
gated
the
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
densi
ty
value
for
eac
h
coil
pa
ir
(P
-
S
1,
P
-
S
2,
P
-
S
3
)
un
der
diff
e
re
nt
m
isa
lig
nm
ent co
ndit
ion
at fix
ai
r ga
p.
T
he
coil pair
s w
ere
desig
n and
sim
ulate
d
us
in
g
JMAG
Desi
gner
softwa
re.
O
ver
al
l,
the
re
a
re
no
s
pecific
tren
d
i
n
t
he
r
el
at
ion
sh
i
p
bet
ween
m
agn
et
i
c
flu
x
densi
ty
and
m
i
sal
ign
m
ent.
Th
e
ab
ove
r
esult
s
we
re
due
to
the
diff
e
ren
t
de
sign
of
t
he
c
oil
pair
us
ed
i
n
this
pro
j
ect
wh
ic
h
giv
e
the
diff
e
r
ent
eff
ect
of
th
e
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
distrib
utio
n
in
a
coil.
Lo
w
m
agn
et
ic
flux
will
be
pro
du
ce
d
bet
w
een
tw
o
coils
wh
e
n
the
pr
im
ary
and
sec
onda
ry
coil
gets
f
ur
t
her
a
par
t
,
a
nd
t
he
surface
area
of
these
coils
a
re
not
al
ign
e
d.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
low
value
of
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
densi
ty
betwee
n
the
c
oils
will
then
induced
l
ow
c
urren
t
,
w
hich
then
giv
es
l
ow
powe
r
trans
fer.
Thus,
P
-
S
2
is
the
best
desig
n
in
te
rm
s
of
m
a
gn
et
ic
flu
x den
sit
y f
r
om
this si
m
ulati
on
fo
ll
owin
g by P
-
S
3
a
nd P
-
S
1
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This w
or
k
was
pa
rtia
ll
y
su
pp
or
te
d
under
Re
search
I
niti
at
ive
G
ran
t Schem
e
(
RI
GS
)
nu
m
ber
RI
GS17
-
053
-
06
28
a
nd
t
he
I
ntern
at
i
on
a
l
Isla
m
ic
Un
iversity
Ma
la
ysia
under
the K
ul
li
yyah
of
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng
P
os
tg
r
adu
at
e
Tuiti
on Fee
W
ai
ver
Schem
e 2
01
9 (TF
W20
19)
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Bolge
r,
J.
G.,
Ng,
L.
S.,
Turner,
D.
B.
,
and
W
al
la
c
e,
R.
I.
,
“
Te
sting
a
prototy
pe
induc
ti
v
e
power
coupl
ing
for
an
el
e
ct
ri
c
highwa
y
s
y
st
em
,”
29
th
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O
f
f
i
c
e
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E
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r
g
y
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f
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i
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n
c
y
&
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
F
A
C
T
#
9
1
8
:
M
a
r
c
h
2
8
,
2
0
1
6
G
l
o
b
a
l
P
l
u
g
-
I
n
L
i
g
h
t
V
e
h
i
c
l
e
S
a
l
e
s
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
B
y
A
b
o
u
t
8
0
%
I
N
2
0
1
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
g
o
v
/
e
e
r
e
/
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
/
f
a
c
t
-
9
1
8
-
m
a
r
c
h
-
28
-
2016
-
g
l
o
b
a
l
-
p
l
u
g
-
l
i
g
h
t
-
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
-
s
a
l
e
s
-
i
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c
r
e
a
s
e
d
-
a
b
o
u
t
-
80
-
2
0
1
5
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J.
G.
Gea
r,
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[Onli
ne]
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Avail
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ke
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Bosch
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art
ne
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el
e
ss
cha
rging
s
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st
em
to
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US
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as.
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an
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ind
uct
iv
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-
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in
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s
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stem
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ev/
2797
1/
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on
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E
le
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Co
m
p
Sci
IS
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N:
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02
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Desig
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ula
r
in
du
ct
iv
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pad
c
ouple wi
t
h
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ux
d
e
ns
it
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…
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sy
a Azra Zai
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N.
A.
S.
Rosza
i
die
,
“
A
Brie
f
R
evi
ew:
B
asic
Co
il
Designs
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Ind
uct
iv
e
Pow
er
T
ran
sfer,”
Indone
sian
Journal
of
Elec
tri
cal
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ring
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Co
mputer
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Y
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u
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W
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h
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n
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,
a
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C
.
K
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L
e
e
,
"
A
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
R
e
c
e
n
t
P
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
i
n
M
i
d
-
R
a
n
g
e
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
4
5
0
0
-
45
1
1
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
P
E
L
.
2
0
1
3
.
2
2
4
9
6
7
0
.
[8]
W
.
Chen,
J.
Li
a
ng,
Z.
Yang
,
an
d
G.
Li
,
“
A
rev
ie
w
of
li
thi
um
-
i
on
bat
te
r
y
for
e
le
c
tri
c
v
ehi
c
le
a
ppli
c
at
ions
an
d
be
y
ond
,
”
En
ergy
Proce
d
ia
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vol
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58
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“
Anal
y
sis
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Para
m
et
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Opt
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ti
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A
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IPT
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ct
ri
c
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2012
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r
v
i
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c
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d
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i
g
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s
f
o
r
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
,
”
2
0
1
7
I
E
E
E
P
E
L
S
W
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
o
n
E
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
:
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
(
W
o
W
)
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
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/
W
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W
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e
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agne
ti
c
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ti
v
e
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tra
nsfer
s
y
st
ems
with
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rite
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ture
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i
at
ion
,
”
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V
W
ire
le
ss
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Design
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d
Optimiza
ti
o
n
Consideri
ng
Ferrite
Satura
ti
on
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”
20
19
IEE
E
5th
Int
ernati
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y
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E
Co
nfe
renc
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l
ec
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Com
par
at
i
ve
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l
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tic
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t
he
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Inter
nati
onal
Power
El
e
ct
ronics,
Dr
iv
e
Syste
m
s
and
Technol
ogie
s
Conf
ere
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F.
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m
an,
and
N.
N.
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,
“
Inve
stig
at
ion
of
Magne
tic
Properti
es
for
Diffe
ren
t
Coil
Siz
es
of
Dy
n
amic
W
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le
ss
Charging
Pads
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El
ectric
Veh
i
cle
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oup
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d
Coil
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ar
y
Pad
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s
in
L
um
ped
IPT
Sy
st
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Inte
rope
rab
le
El
e
ct
ri
c
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ti
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tra
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s
y
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lect
ric
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201
5
Inte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
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on
Tec
hnologi
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va
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nsfe
r
Stat
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-
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El
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agne
t
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l
y
sis
fo
r
DD
Pad
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t
ic
struct
ure
of
a
W
ire
l
ess
Pow
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Tr
ansfe
r
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PT)
fo
r
El
ectrical
Vehi
cl
es,
”
2018
Smar
t
G
rid
Confe
renc
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R
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l
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,
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d
a
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S
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H
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Y
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s
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f
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“
S
e
r
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e
s
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S
e
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
S
e
r
i
e
s
-
P
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
C
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
f
o
r
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
,
”
I
n
t
.
I
s
l
a
m
.
U
n
i
v
.
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
E
n
g
.
J
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
1
4
3
6
/
i
i
u
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e
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.
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2
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i
2
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1
6
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0
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K.
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S.
W
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li
ams
on,
“
Com
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at
ive
stud
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of
serie
s
-
ser
ie
s
and
serie
s
-
pa
ral
l
el
topol
og
y
f
or
long
tra
ck
EV
cha
rging
applic
at
ion
,
”
2014
IE
EE
Tr
anspor
tat
i
on
El
e
ct
rif
ic
a
ti
o
n
Confe
renc
e
a
nd
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ser
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a
nd
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pa
ralle
l
compensat
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rel
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2
014
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