TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 13, No. 1, Janua
ry 201
5, pp. 187 ~
194
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
13i1.691
9
187
Re
cei
v
ed Se
ptem
ber 2, 2014; Re
vi
sed
Octob
e
r 28, 2
014; Accepte
d
No
vem
ber
20, 2014
Food Traceability in Supply Chain Based on EPCIS
Standard and RFID Technology
Ev
izal Abdul Kadir*
1,4
, Siti Mariy
a
m Shamsuddin
1
,
Eko Supriy
a
n
to
2
, Wahy
u
d
i Sutopo
3
,
Sri Listia Rosa
4
1
Big Data Ce
ntre, F
a
cult
y
of C
o
mputi
ng, Univ
er
siti T
e
knolog
i
Mala
ysi
a
, 813
10 Joh
o
r Mala
ysi
a
2
Departme
n
t of Clinic
al Sci
enc
e and En
gi
neer
ing, Facult
y
of Healt
h
Scienc
e
and Biom
ed
ical Eng
i
ne
eri
ng,
Univers
i
ti T
e
knolo
g
i Mal
a
ysia,
8131
0 Joh
o
r, Mala
ysi
a
3
Researc
h
Group of Lo
gistics
S
y
stem a
nd Bu
sine
ss, De
part
m
ent of Industrial En
gin
eeri
n
g
,
Univers
i
tas Se
bel
as Maret, 5712
6 Surak
a
rta Ja
w
a
T
enga
h Indon
esi
a
4
Sekola
h T
i
ngg
i T
e
knologi Pe
l
a
la
w
a
n
Jl.Mahar
aja In
dra No. 37
9, Pangk
ala
n
Keri
n
c
i, 2830
0 Pel
a
l
a
w
a
n Ria
u Ind
ones
ia
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: evizal@
g
ma
il
.com, mari
y
a
m
@
utm.m
y
, eko
@
biom
ed
ical.u
tm.my
,
w
a
h
y
u
d
is
utop
o
@
gmai
l.com a
nd srilisti
a@
g
m
ail.com,
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he grow
th of retail
er lately v
e
ry signific
ant
espec
ial
l
y in fo
od pro
duct, sel
ling
of food pr
oduct is
not only in co
nventi
o
n
a
l mar
k
et but
more
o
v
er now
is in such mini
ma
r
k
et, m
a
ll, shopping complex, etc.
F
ood trace
a
b
ili
ty is requ
ired
i
n
sup
p
ly of fo
o
d
pro
duc
t to
make sur
e
ite
m
s
are safe to
co
nsu
m
e
and
not
in
expir
ed d
a
te.
T
h
is pa
per pr
e
s
ent on fo
od tr
acea
bil
i
ty in s
u
pply c
hai
n b
a
s
ed o
n
Electr
on
ic Prod
uct Cod
e
Information S
e
rvices (EPCIS)
,
the use of E
P
CIS standar
d
is refer to Glo
bal Sta
n
d
a
rd-1
(GS1) for logi
stic
and
sup
p
ly
ch
ain
bas
ed
on
Radi
o F
r
e
que
n
cy Identific
atio
n (RF
I
D) T
e
ch
nol
ogy. RF
ID
i
s
use
d
for
ite
m
s
taggi
ng on
fo
od prod
uct
i
n
stead of
b
a
rcode
that c
u
rre
ntly w
i
de
ly us
ed th
e a
d
va
ntages
of RF
ID
ta
g
compar
e
than barco
de mak
e
the
system is
mor
e
ap
pl
icab
l
e
to used
in fo
od trace
abi
lity. In this case o
n
e
of
food pr
od
uct take i
n
to ex
a
m
ple
in su
pp
lyin
g w
h
ich is
ba
n
ana th
at the
p
r
ocess started
from far
m
er u
n
til
reach to retai
l
hous
e are
mo
nitore
d an
d re
corde
d
by
the system. End p
r
ocess of this system is to gi
v
e
services to th
e cons
u
m
er of
customer bas
ed o
n
EPC
IS datab
ase co
ll
e
c
ted in a
ll the
w
a
y of proce
ss.
Im
plem
entation of this system
be ab
le t
o
t
r
ack and trac
e of food
pro
duct infor
m
ation t
hat can be
us
e or
requ
ire by user
or logistic co
mpan
ies.
Ke
y
w
ords
: foo
d
, traceabi
lity, EPCIS, RF
ID,
supp
ly chai
n
Copy
right
©
2015 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
No
wad
a
ys, food p
r
od
uct
s
are
sup
p
lie
d from va
rio
u
s pl
aces
or cou
n
trie
s with the
distan
ce fro
m
prod
ucer
or farme
r
ov
er the re
gion
s or count
ry, furthermo
re
food travels f
r
om
prod
ucer to
consume
r
too
k
mu
ch time
to rea
c
h to
retailer o
r
con
s
ume
r
. Th
ere
f
ore, food
saf
e
ty
and
quality a
l
ong the
way of food
su
p
p
lied i
s
requi
red i
n
o
r
de
r t
o
ma
ke
su
re
food p
r
o
d
u
c
t is
fresh in g
ood
to consume.
In order to p
r
event unexp
e
cted
ca
se in
to food prod
u
c
t happ
en su
ch
recall, need
a system
that
ability
to trace about food
sources and
supplier. It i
s
not only
retail
ers
must i
n
si
st t
hat everyo
ne
in the
supp
ly chai
n
a
s
their sup
p
lie
rs,
but also
t
heir su
pplie
rs.
Tra
c
ea
bility o
f
food p
r
od
uct in supply
ch
ain h
a
s
gain
e
d
con
s
ide
r
abl
e impo
rtan
ce
with
reg
a
rd
to
food, pa
rticul
arly follo
wing
a num
be
r of
food
safe
ty ca
se
s du
ring
delivery. Ho
wever, m
o
st
of
logisti
c
com
p
anie
s
today do not have
the abilit
y to manag
e in
ventory acro
ss a
n
exten
ded
netwo
rk
of supplie
rs, distributors,
man
u
facturers
an
d produ
ce
rs.
As
a
re
sult, a
lack of vi
sibi
lity
and mo
nitori
n
g
into the
sup
p
ly chai
n ha
s enabl
ed
su
ch occu
rren
ce
s a
s
the ille
g
a
l su
bstitutio
n
of
food pro
d
u
c
t in the food su
pply chai
n to arise, and co
ntinue un
ch
e
c
ked.
A method to provide
safe and goo
d foo
d
prod
uct is
by trace an
d
monitor all the way
started
from
prep
aration (manufa
c
turi
n
g
or fa
rmin
g) to rea
c
h
user (co
n
sume
r) is traceabili
ty
system. Product traceability is
the ability to track and monitor m
o
vement of a product
start
e
d
from delive
r
y until rea
c
h t
o
destin
a
tion.
Food p
r
od
u
c
t traceability
and monito
ri
ng incl
ude
d
al
l
stage
s of
pro
c
e
ss
su
ch
a
s
, prep
aratio
n, pro
d
u
c
tion, pro
c
e
ssi
ng a
nd
di
strib
u
tio
n
.
Food prod
uct
pro
c
e
ssi
ng i
n
volve in trace
ability an
d identify
of the so
urce
all for inp
u
t
compo
nent
for
pro
c
e
ssi
ng, such a
s
raw
material
s, ad
ditives,
ingre
d
ients, pa
cka
g
ing. Implem
entation of fo
od
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 13, No. 1, Janua
ry 2015 : 187 –
194
188
prod
uct trace
ability enabl
e
s
corre
c
tive a
c
tion in
case
of som
e
thing
happ
en o
n
th
e produ
ct eith
er
safety or d
e
fective. Wh
en
a ca
se of p
r
odu
ct
potenti
a
lly identified
or hap
pen t
hen qui
ck a
c
tion
can
be
do
n
e
by fo
od
b
u
sin
e
ss
or related
gov
erment to i
s
ol
ate o
r
q
uara
n
tine to
pre
v
ent
contami
natio
n to other produ
ct
before
reaching
co
nsum
ers. Th
e other way, if case hap
pen
s
while
food
produ
ct con
s
u
m
ed by
con
s
umer al
so
ca
n be
rectify i
mmediately
b
e
fore
scatteri
ng to
other con
s
um
ers.
EPCIS is an
EPC global
stand
ard fo
r sh
arin
g da
ta and info
rmation relate
d EPC
betwe
en trad
ing and pa
rt
ners. Its stre
amline
s
prod
uct tra
c
eabili
ty and produ
ct tracking b
y
providin
g a
way for di
sp
arate
appli
c
a
t
ions to
u
s
e
EPC data. E
P
CIS provid
e
s
imp
o
rta
n
t
new
cap
abilities t
o
improve
efficien
cy, secu
rity
, and
visibility in global sup
p
ly chain
s
, and
compl
e
me
nts lowe
r level
EPC glob
al tag, re
ade
r a
nd mid
d
leware stan
da
rd
s [1]. An Electroni
c
Produ
ct Cod
e
(EPC) is
a
uniqu
e seriali
z
ed i
dentifie
r
for any ki
nd o
f
item; EPC basi
c
ally is
un
der
con
c
e
p
t of Radio Freque
n
c
y Identif
icati
on (RFID) te
chnolo
g
y. RFID
is used to descri
be vari
ous
techn
o
logie
s
that use
ra
di
o wave
s to a
u
tomatically i
dentify huma
n
or
obje
c
ts.
RFID te
ch
nol
ogy
con
c
e
p
t
is si
milar t
o
t
he
bar
cod
e
ide
n
t
i
f
i
cat
i
on sy
st
em
s co
nc
e
p
t
as w
e
se
e
n
in ret
a
il
st
ore
s
every day, howeve
r
on
e big differe
nce betwe
en
RF
ID and
bar
cod
e
tech
nol
ogy is that RFID
doe
s not
req
u
ired li
ne of
sight
readi
ng
as b
a
r
co
de
scanni
ng
re
quire
s lin
e of
sight
rea
d
in
g [2].
The
com
pon
ent of
radio
f
r
equ
en
cy ide
n
tification
system con
s
ist
s
of tag, read
e
r
s and
ba
cke
nd
system (com
puting sy
ste
m
) for pr
ocessing the info
rmation re
ceiv
ed by the rea
ders [3]. By a
dded
RFID te
chn
o
logy into food sup
p
ly chai
n trace
ab
ility then a produ
ct easily an
d fully monitored b
y
sup
p
lier o
r
co
nsum
er, in ca
se some
thin
g
goes
wro
ng
easy to identi
f
y.
Some of
research
rel
a
ted to food trac
eability has been done
, one of topic
was
discussed
on framework f
o
r the ev
aluation of a traceability sy
stem
for the agri
-food industry
[4
-
5]. The auto
m
ation level i
n
an
RFID-b
ase
d
tra
c
ea
bi
lity system is analyzed an
d com
p
a
r
ed
with
respe
c
t to traditional
one
s [6-7]. Internal an
d
exte
rnal traceabili
ty’s are
both
con
s
id
ere
d
and
formali
z
ed, in
ord
e
r to
cla
s
sify different
environ
ment
s, according to
their a
u
toma
tion level [8] but
in this research focu
sing only the framework
and process flow of t
he traceability system.
Another research in trac
eability system
is
developi
ng in the
wi
ne production
sector by joi
n
i
ng
this RFI
D
technolo
g
y with the use of
wirele
ss
se
n
s
o
r
netwo
rks for monitorin
g
a
t
the vineyards
[9]. Tracea
bility for a li
ve fi
st from farme
r
to
retailer written as [10] is for animal
food pro
d
u
c
t.
EPCIS data
manag
eme
n
t and fra
m
e
w
ork f
o
r foo
d
prod
uct trace
ability sho
w
n
in [11-1
2
] en
able
to send all inf
o
rmatio
n to EPC databa
se
for con
s
u
m
er
informatio
n.
This research
pr
oposes a
new system
fo
r food product traceab
ility compl
e
te started
from farming
(produ
ction/
manufa
c
turi
n
g
) u
n
til us
er
rea
c
h to
de
stination o
r
co
nsum
er. EP
CIS
stand
ard
use
d
for informat
ion and
data
base as
su
pp
ly chain d
a
ta
centralized fo
r man
u
factu
r
er
,
logisti
c
, retail
er and
con
s
u
m
er. Clo
ud-b
a
se
d trac
eabi
lity applicatio
ns can capture data from al
l of
these
sou
r
ce
s, tran
slate it into comm
on
formats
a
nd i
n
tegrate it into approp
riate
application
s
for
pro
c
e
ssi
ng, p
r
oviding
farm
to
supply
ch
ain visi
bility. RFID EPC
G
en2 ta
g [13]
use
d
in
p
r
od
uct
trace
ability of
food p
r
od
uct
.
Whe
r
e, an
RFID ta
g u
s
e
d
as i
dentification in eve
r
y
parcel
(pall
e
t) of
prod
uct. Sup
p
ly chai
n technolo
g
y ability to prop
ose
prop
er
and
efficient p
r
ocess for th
e foo
d
prod
uct so mi
nimize the
risk of food co
nt
aminate o
r
mix to others du
ring delive
r
y.
2.
Supply
Chain Sy
stem in
Food Produ
ct
Supply chain
manag
eme
n
t system
is a f
l
ow
sy
stem
for g
ood
s o
r
p
r
odu
cts in
clu
d
ing the
movement
a
nd
storage
o
f
ra
w m
a
teri
als,
wo
rk
-in
-
p
r
ocess invent
ory a
nd fini
shed
goo
ds from
point of orig
in (manufa
c
t
u
re
r or farm
er) to
point
of retail (consumption
)
.
Supply cha
i
n
manag
eme
n
t system
ha
s been
defin
ed a
s
the
des
i
gn, pla
n
n
ing, exe
c
uti
on, control
and
monitori
ng o
f
supply
cha
i
n activities
with t
he o
b
j
e
ctive of
cre
a
ting net val
ue, buildi
ng
a
comp
etitive infrast
r
u
c
ture,
levera
ging
worl
dwi
de
l
o
gistics, synchroni
zin
g
su
pply
with
de
mand
and
mea
s
u
r
i
ng p
e
rfo
r
ma
nce
glo
bally. Supply
ch
ai
n sy
stem
gives th
e a
b
ility to qui
ckly a
nd
effectively proce
s
s orde
rs in delivery t
o
en
su
re customer n
eed
s are a
d
d
r
e
s
sed qui
ckly. The
con
c
e
p
t of
su
pply chain
m
anag
ement
is ba
sed
on
two
core id
ea
s,
firstly is that
pra
c
tically
ev
ery
prod
uct that
reache
s at en
d user
rep
r
e
s
ents in
effecti
v
e time and
se
con
d
ly is t
hat the produ
ct
delivery to th
e user in
saf
e
and
se
cu
re
to con
s
um
e. Supply ch
ai
n mana
gem
e
n
t is the a
c
ti
ve
manag
eme
n
t of su
pply
ch
ain a
c
tivities
to maximize
cu
stome
r
val
ue an
d a
c
hi
e
v
e a sustai
na
ble
comp
etitive advantage. Thi
s
rep
r
e
s
e
n
ts
a con
s
ciou
s
effort by the sup
p
ly chai
n firms to devel
op
and ru
n sup
p
l
y chains in the most effective & e
fficient ways po
ssible. Prop
osed sup
p
ly ch
ain
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Food T
r
a
c
ea
bility in Suppl
y Ch
ain Base
d on EPC
IS Standard and
RFID… (E
vi
zal Abdul Kadi
r)
189
activities
cov
e
r from p
r
o
d
u
ct d
e
velopm
ent, so
ur
cing
, prod
uctio
n
and l
ogisti
cs,
as well a
s
t
he
informatio
n
systems nee
d
ed to
co
ordi
n
a
te the
s
e
acti
vities. The
organi
zation
s t
hat ma
ke
up
the
sup
p
ly ch
ain
are
“lin
ked
”
togethe
r throu
gh phy
sica
l flows an
d information flows.
Physical flo
w
s
involve the transfo
rmatio
n, movement a
nd sto
r
ag
e of
good
s an
d
material
s. Fig
u
re 1
sh
ows
how
is a
complet
e
of
sup
p
ly chai
n ma
nag
ement
sy
s
t
em w
o
rk
s
t
a
t
e
d
fr
om pr
oc
es
s
i
n
g
,
de
live
r
y
system an
d reach to the custome
r
. In orde
r to
monitor quality an
d se
curity of a food prod
u
c
t,
monitori
ng n
eed to sta
r
t from first pro
c
ess fo
r exam
ple ban
ana
s
fruit, starting
from plantati
on
(location
)
, cu
tting and
p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng, p
a
cking
an
d d
e
li
very then
retailing
and
re
ach
to
user for
con
s
um
e. All
the pla
n
tation
location
and
prod
uct
bat
ch
to b
e
tag
ged
and
classifie
d
a
c
cording
to
the delivery a
nd the data st
ored in a bi
g central data b
a
se
d to be sh
ared to othe
r
partie
s
.
Figure 1. Foo
d
prod
uct sup
p
ly chain ma
nagem
ent sy
stem.
3.
Food Traceabilit
y
Used EPCIS Standard
Food p
r
o
d
u
c
t trace
ability can be
define
d
as th
e information ne
ce
ssary to d
e
scri
be from
prod
uctio
n
hi
story
of a fo
o
d
cro
p
a
nd
p
r
ocesse
s of t
he
crop mi
gh
t be
subj
ect
to on
its jou
r
n
e
y
from the grower to the consum
er
. The
ability to collect the inform
ation as much
as possible
and
use
it to
en
sure
produ
ct q
uality in
“re
al
time” pr
ovid
es ta
ngibl
e b
enefits to
the
food
indu
stry. It
provide
s
a g
r
eate
r
a
s
surance of foo
d
produ
ct
q
uality and e
nable
s
fa
ster identificatio
n of
probl
em
s. It also
provides the pr
ocedure for communicating to th
e consumer the diligence
with
whi
c
h
a b
u
si
ness
ope
rate
s. Inform
atio
n technol
ogy
ha
s d
e
velop
ed ove
r
the
l
a
st d
e
cade
to a
point wh
ere it can q
u
ickly and efficie
n
tly move,
store
and an
alyze
vast volume
s of data. As the
use of pe
rso
nal com
pute
r
s co
ntinue
s to rise
, a
c
cess to approp
ri
ate techn
o
lo
gy and software
system
s i
s
i
n
cre
a
si
ng
amo
ngst
all me
m
bers of
t
he fo
od
sup
p
ly ch
ain. To
solve
the p
r
oble
m
s of
data
colle
ctio
n, tran
smi
ssi
on a
nd
analy
s
is withi
n
the
indu
stry, the
r
e m
u
st
be
a
co
mmon
an
d
stand
ard m
e
a
n
s of co
mmu
nicatio
n
, available to all [14
-
15].
RFID is a te
chn
o
logy
ca
n
be
use
as a
l
ter
native
sol
u
tion fo
r p
r
o
duct i
dentification a
n
d
trace
ability. F
i
gure
2
sho
w
s a t
r
a
c
ea
bility of f
ood sta
r
ted from fa
ctory or
man
u
f
acture
r,
whe
r
e
every p
r
odu
ct labeled
an
d
tagge
d with
an
RFID ta
g
that pro
g
ram
m
ed
with o
r
i
g
inal info
rmat
ion
then b
r
in
g to
freight fo
rwarder for delive
r
y. On
ce
ite
m
tagge
d
with i
n
formatio
n ta
g, every
step
of
delivery p
r
ocess can b
e
trace
by
syste
m
and all th
e
informatio
n
will send to d
a
ta ce
ntre th
en
use
r
o
r
cu
st
omer abl
e to
se
e the
lo
cation a
nd
st
atus
of go
od
s. Norm
ally, every retailer or
sup
e
rm
arket has
o
w
n wa
rehou
se
for st
ocking
t
he
go
ods an
d b
e
fo
re e
n
teri
ng
wareh
o
u
s
e
eve
r
y
prod
uct
scan
ned
by RFI
D
syste
m
at th
e entran
c
e
t
o
ma
ke
su
re
co
rrect
pro
d
u
ct a
nd i
n
g
ood
con
d
ition. Re
tailer
sho
w
s
or di
splay
pro
duct to
sell at
dedi
cated l
o
cation th
en
custome
r
b
e
a
b
le
to
ch
eck
the good
s espe
ci
ally
food pro
duct befo
r
e
b
u
ying, with
th
is
system
cu
stome
r
by
u
s
ing
sma
r
t phon
e or tablet able
to sca
n sel
e
ct
ed pro
d
u
c
t to che
c
k all the informatio
n an
d status.
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
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KA
Vol. 13, No. 1, Janua
ry 2015 : 187 –
194
190
Figure 2. EPCIS trace
abili
ty data centre
in supply cha
i
n system
The GS
1 sta
ndard i
s
the
most
widely
use
d
in
su
ppl
y chain
man
a
gement
syste
m
, GS1
system is a
n
integrate
d
system
of global sta
n
d
a
rd
s that pr
ovides for i
dentificatio
n and
comm
uni
cati
on of inform
a
t
ion reg
a
rdi
n
g
location
s,
p
r
odu
cts, a
s
sets, se
rvice
s
a
nd lo
cation
s. The
GS1 identification stan
dards, kn
ow
n as
GS1 Identification key
s
, br
ing value by permitting
se
cure
and
porta
ble
identification
acro
ss tech
nologi
es
su
ch a
s
b
a
rcod
es,
RFID ta
g
s
a
nd
elect
r
onic
messag
es an
d by conne
cti
ng the p
h
ysi
c
al flow of
goo
ds a
nd
se
rvices to th
e flow of inform
atio
n.
Tran
sp
ort & Logi
stics indu
stry involves
the move
men
t
of goods
usi
ng multiple transport m
o
d
e
s,
in
c
l
ud
in
g r
oad
, r
a
il,
a
i
r a
n
d
mar
i
ti
me.
Similarly, this indu
stry i
n
volves
a
wide
variety of
pa
rties
su
ch a
s
co
nsignor a
nd co
nsig
nee, freig
h
t forwa
r
de
rs and ca
rri
ers
as well as off
i
cial bo
die
s
like
cu
stom
s and
port a
u
thorit
ies. Th
e co
mbination
of
logisti
cs ch
annel
s
a
nd partie
s
impli
e
s
an
oppo
rtunity to simplify asset and ship
ment ident
ification u
s
ing
GS1 Identification Keys a
n
d
sha
r
ing
this i
n
formatio
n b
e
twee
n
carrie
rs an
d ot
h
e
r
servi
c
e
providers [1
6]. Fig
u
re
2
sh
ows
an
architertu
re o
f
framewo
r
k
EPCIS stand
ard ba
se
d o
n
information
commu
nication tech
nolog
y,
stand
ard in
cl
ude for the id
entification,
capturin
g and i
n
formatio
n excha
nge.
Figure 3. EPCIS architect
u
re fra
m
ework [16]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Food T
r
a
c
ea
bility in Suppl
y Ch
ain Base
d on EPC
IS Standard and
RFID… (E
vi
zal Abdul Kadi
r)
191
The identifica
t
ion of the origin
of food source
s is pri
m
e im
porta
nce for the prot
ection of
consum
ers,
particularly when products are fo
und to be faulty. Traceabilit
y facilitates
and
pre
c
isely targ
ets the
re
call
or
withd
r
a
w
al of
food
s when ne
cessa
r
y;
enable
s
consume
r
s
to be
provide
d
with
targete
d
a
n
d
accu
rate i
n
formatio
n
con
c
erning
impli
c
ated
produ
cts; and
is cru
c
ial
to the investi
gation of the
cau
s
e
s
of fo
od poi
so
ning
and oth
e
r
contaminatio
n
outbre
a
ks. T
hus
trace
ability is an i
ndi
spe
n
sible featu
r
e
o
f
food
safety. Before
the
r
e
wa
s any
attempt to le
gisl
a
t
e
for traceabilit
y, respon
sibl
e food manuf
acturers,
in their o
w
n enli
ghtene
d self-i
ntere
s
t, operated
their own traceability schemes. The impetus to dev
el
op legisl
ation was public and governmental
con
c
e
r
n i
n
m
any countri
es over fo
od
p
o
iso
n
i
ng and
other
conta
m
ination out
brea
ks (in
c
lu
ding
potential bi
o
-
terrori
s
m
)
, despite all t
he food
sa
f
e
ty legislatio
n that exist
ed. Tra
c
e
abi
lity
necessitate
s that each lot of each food m
a
terial is
give
n a uniqu
e id
entifier whi
c
h
accomp
anie
s
it
and is
re
cord
ed at all sta
ges of its p
r
ogre
s
s
thro
u
gh its food
chain [17]. Fig
u
re 4
sho
w
s a
n
example of appliation fra
m
ewo
r
k of food produ
ct trace
ability in supply ch
ai
n manag
eme
n
t
sy
st
em.
Figure 4. Application framework fo
r food product traceability [17]
Tra
c
ea
bility in food
supp
ly manag
em
ent sy
stem
is the
effort
s to im
prove food
trace
ability typically i
dentif
y two m
a
jo
r
goal
s,
na
mel
y
spe
e
d
and
accuracy. St
anda
rdi
z
ation
will
likely imp
r
ove
accu
ra
cy, bu
t will not do
much
to
imp
r
ove
sp
eed.
S
peed and accuracy are b
o
th
necessa
ry to
reali
z
e b
enefi
t
s from a
n
y food tra
c
e
abili
ty system in t
e
rm
s of illne
s
s, lives, wast
e
and invento
r
y control. Reg
a
rdle
ss of data standa
rdi
z
a
t
ion is simply not capa
ble o
f
providing th
e
spe
ed that wi
ll be req
u
ired
by the indu
stry or
re
gulat
ors. Fi
gure 5
sho
w
s
an ex
ample of det
ail
pro
c
e
ss flo
w
for food p
r
od
u
c
t traceability in sup
p
ly chai
n manag
eme
n
t system.
Figure 5. Det
a
il of process flow for food
prod
uct tra
c
e
ability [17].
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 13, No. 1, Janua
ry 2015 : 187 –
194
192
4.
Food Produ
ct Taggin
g
a
nd Identific
a
t
ion
In orde
r to id
entify and tra
ck
a produ
ct, taggi
ng o
r
la
beling
with id
entification i
s
requi
re
d
to make a p
r
odu
ct dete
c
ted by syste
m
. This sy
st
em use
d
RF
ID techn
o
log
y
as a tool
for
identificatio
n, tracki
ng and
tracea
bility thus an
RFID tag is need
ed to stick o
n
prod
uct eithe
r
good
s o
r
cart
on box. In thi
s
case a p
a
ssive RFID tag
with inexp
e
n
s
ive cost u
s
e
d
as
a lab
e
l
with
some info
rm
ation stored i
n
sid
e
the tag, the in
formation rep
r
e
s
ent
some impo
rt
ant data of the
prod
uct such as date of ex
pire for foo
d
prod
uc
t, farm
ing location (area
)
, manuf
acturer, suppl
ier
and im
porte
r.
Besid
e
s th
a
t, with RFID tag produ
ct
delivery
can
be tra
c
k an
d tra
c
e if
ca
se
happ
en on t
he goo
ds fo
r early preca
u
tion befo
r
e
rea
c
h to the
con
s
um
er. Fi
gure
6 sh
ows a
sampl
e
of foo
d
pro
d
u
c
t (ba
nana
) that tagged o
n
fruit
and on
ca
rto
n
box, the lab
e
l on carton
box
rep
r
e
s
ent
nu
mber of g
o
o
d
s i
n
si
de th
en
with th
i
s
system
appli
c
abl
e to
use
in inve
ntory
or
stockie
s
t for
a retaile
r or supplie
r.
Figure 6. RFI
D
tagge
d on
a carto
n
box of a produ
ct
Every food p
r
odu
cts eithe
r
bu
cket or cart
on
box we
re tag
ged
by an RFID ta
g, thus
identificatio
n
and
scan
ning
ca
n b
e
do
ne
at any
pla
c
e
with availa
ble
facility of fix
RFID re
ade
r
or
mobile ha
ndh
eld RFI
D
rea
der. Normally
before p
r
od
u
c
t going o
u
t to deliver o
r
shippin
g
, a set
of
RFID system installed
at
the
gate for
aut
omatic identification
then
system will
scan and captured
the entire foo
d
produ
ct out
. All data cap
t
ured
will
sen
d
to central
d
a
taba
se th
ro
ugho
ut netwo
rk
system, the
data colle
cte
d
useabl
e for local
sy
stem
su
ch fo
r record
and i
n
ve
ntory be
sid
e
for
cu
stome
r
and
other pa
rties need the inf
o
rmatio
n abo
ut food pro
d
u
c
t. Figure
7 shows a sy
ste
m
of RFID
with fixed reade
r and mobil
e
hand
held re
a
der to ide
n
tify food prod
u
c
ts, where e
v
ery
prod
uct
s
befo
r
e l
oadin
g
to
the tru
c
k
sho
u
ld p
a
ss
by o
u
tgoing
po
rtal
syste
m
with
installe
d
RFID
system
with
high
power o
f
tran
sm
issio
n
then
all the
pro
d
u
c
t will
detecte
d in
lo
nger range
(l
ong
dist
an
ce
).
I
n
some
ca
se
s
bec
au
se of
c
a
sin
g
or
e
n
cl
ose of p
r
od
u
c
t maybe fix read
er
can
n
o
t
or
difficult to pass by port
a
l system then
the m
obile h
andh
eld rea
d
e
r use for the sca
nnin
g
a
n
d
identificatio
n. Data
colle
cted by
han
dh
eld read
er will se
nd to
central
datab
a
s
e
as well b
y
wirel
e
ssly through
out wirel
e
ss acce
ss p
o
int.
Figure 7. Fix RFID read
er
and mobil
e
h
andh
eld re
ad
er
5.
Product Veri
fication by
Consumer
Cu
stome
r
a
s
use
r
of food
prod
uct exp
e
cted
every
of prod
uct
sa
fe to con
s
um
e, thus
informatio
n is need
to ide
n
tify whethe
r food p
r
od
uct
still go
od
(n
ot expire
) a
n
d
su
pplie
d from
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Food T
r
a
c
ea
bility in Suppl
y Ch
ain Base
d on EPC
IS Standard and
RFID… (E
vi
zal Abdul Kadi
r)
193
whi
c
h
co
untry
or region.
Informat
io
n te
ch
nology
with
smart p
hon
e o
r
tabl
e b
e
a
b
l
e
to
dete
c
t fo
od
prod
uct with appli
c
ation software
i
n
stal
led,
mobile
e
quipme
n
t very practi
cal to
use b
e
cau
s
e of
cap
ability to bring
anywhe
r
e. Besi
de th
at nowadays
most of mo
bile devices av
ailable
with RFID
scann
er o
r
reade
r whi
c
h
is Nea
r
Fie
l
d Comm
uni
cation
(NF
C
). Use
r
by using a
ppli
c
ati
on
softwa
r
e ea
si
ly scan
sele
cted produ
ct
to check
th
e informatio
n
and others
related d
e
tail
o
f
prod
uct. Figu
re 8 sh
ows a
n
example of
user
scanni
n
g
of a food produ
ct at reta
il store, prod
uct
informatio
n will que
ry to central
datab
a
s
e th
at
ha
s been uplo
adi
ng
by sup
p
li
er,
ma
nufa
c
ture
r
and freig
h
t forwa
r
d
e
r an
d also retaile
r system. With this sy
stem u
s
er or
cu
stom
er be a
b
le to see
all prod
uct
s
informatio
n in
cludi
ng delive
r
y time, suppl
ier, expire d
a
te, etc.
Figure 8. An example of u
s
er
scan
s a selecte
d
food
prod
uct
6. Conclu
sion
A system
of
food p
r
o
d
u
c
t trace
ability
and
se
cu
rity based o
n
E
P
CIS stan
da
rdization
using RFI
D
technology as elabora
ted has
capability to gives user
satisfaction t
o
consume the
prod
uct. Inte
grated
of a fe
w pa
rts
of sy
stem
su
ch a
s
RFID te
ch
no
logy, EPCIS databa
se
ce
n
t
re
,
sup
p
ly chai
n
and ap
plica
t
ion software
contri
but
e f
o
r imp
r
ovem
ent in many
kind of
syst
em.
EPCIS stan
d
a
rdi
z
ation
in
sup
p
ly chain
and fo
od
pr
o
duct t
r
a
c
eabil
i
ty used, th
e i
n
formatio
n d
a
ta
centre ca
n be
access by co
nsum
er of log
i
stic
compa
n
i
e
s. RFID
syst
em available
at smart ph
on
e
or ta
blet
can
be u
s
e
for scannin
g
of
pro
duct i
n
form
ation at
retail
er
before
con
s
u
m
er to
p
r
o
c
e
ed
buying or
con
s
ume. Big ca
pacity of cent
ral datab
ase sho
u
ld ap
ply in orde
r hu
ge
of data com
e
s
from ma
ny pa
rties
starte
d from man
u
fact
ure
r
o
r
indu
st
ries then freig
h
t forward
e
r
and
wareho
u
s
e
at
retailer shop.
Thi
s
case of
sa
mple product
of traceab
ility is not li
mited to food
product
but
an
y
kind
of pro
d
u
ct that re
q
u
ired t
r
a
c
eab
ility and mo
nitoring syst
em
for cu
sto
m
er satisfa
c
t
i
on
.
Information p
r
ovided by th
e system very useful
in order to preven
t any case of
incid
ent happ
en
in food pro
d
u
c
t before con
s
ume by
cust
omer.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
This work was supp
orted un
der MO
HE Rese
arch Group Flag
shi
p
Grant
Q.J13
000
0.2
428.02
G38
“Predi
ctive An
alytics F
r
am
e
w
ork fo
r E-L
earni
ng Big
Data
Com
put
ing”
.
Big Data Ce
n
t
re, Faculty of Computin
g, Universiti Te
knologi Mal
a
ysia.
Referen
ces
[1] GS1,
GS1 Sta
ndar
ds Docu
ment.
GS1 Business Process
and S
y
stem R
equ
ireme
n
ts for F
u
ll Suppl
y
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