Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
9
,
pp.
1286
~
1293
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
, DO
I: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v
1
3
.i
3
.pp
1
286
-
129
3
1286
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Measur
em
ent of
d
igital
v
i
deo
b
road
ca
stin
g
-
s
econd
g
en
era
t
i
on
t
erestri
al (DVB
-
T2)
s
ign
al i
n
Ku
ala Lum
pu
r
,
M
alaysi
a
No
rs
uz
il
a
Y
a’acob
1
,
Norais
yah Taju
din
2
,
Mashir
a Meri
@ Moh
am
ad
Z
amiri
3
,
Az
ita
Lail
y Yus
of
4
,
Suz
i Seroja
S
arnin
5
,
Az
li
na Idris
6
1
,2
,3
,4
,5
,6
Facul
t
y
o
f
Elec
tr
ical Engi
nee
ring
,
Univ
ersit
i Te
kno
logi
M
ARA
,
404500
Shah
Alam Se
la
n
gor,
Mal
a
y
s
ia
1,
2
,4
,5
,6
W
ire
le
ss
C
om
m
unic
at
ion
T
ec
hnolog
y
(W
iCoT
),
Fa
cult
y
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
Univ
ersitiTe
knolog
i
MA
RA,
404500
Shah
Al
am Sel
angor
,
M
al
a
y
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
9
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
Dec
12
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
D
ec
28
, 201
8
DVB
-
T2
(Digit
a
l
Video
Broad
cas
ti
ng
-
S
ec
ond
Ge
ner
ation
Terrestr
ia
l)
is
one
of
the
la
te
st
t
echnic
a
l
standa
rd
s
bei
ng
deve
lop
ed
by
the
DV
B
Projec
t
for
DTT
(Digit
a
l
Terrestri
a
l
Te
l
evi
si
on).
It
is
al
so
known
as
digi
ta
l
broa
dca
st
ing
trough
te
rr
estri
a
l
s
y
stem sinc
e
20
06
a
nd
is a
n
ex
tens
ion
of
the
DV
B
-
T
s
y
stem
as
a
sec
o
nd
gen
era
t
ion
progra
m
to
improve
ef
fi
ci
en
c
y
of
th
e
to
ta
l
s
y
stem.
It
is
important
to
per
form
a
rese
a
rch
on
the
per
for
m
an
ce
of
DV
B
-
T2
be
ca
use
Malay
s
ia
has
launche
d
the
fre
e
-
to
-
air
dig
it
a
l
T
V
proje
ct
since
2016
henc
e
the
re
is
a
ne
ed
t
o
know
how
well
th
e
signal
is
bei
ng
r
e
ceive
d
b
y
vi
ewe
rs.
Thi
s
rese
ar
ch
fo
cuse
s
on
a
DVB
-
T2
tra
nsm
ission
proc
ess
which
invol
ve
the
tra
nsm
ission
from
Mena
ra
Kual
a
Lumpur
tr
ansm
it
te
r
to
re
ce
iv
e
r
s
loc
a
te
d
at
100
diffe
ren
t
lo
ca
t
ions.
Th
e
per
form
anc
e
of
DV
B
-
T2
ca
n
b
e
de
t
ermine
d
b
y
m
ea
suring
the
f
ie
ld
streng
th,
M
ER
(Module
Er
ror
Rat
io)
and
BERa
LDPC
(Bit
Err
or
Rate
aft
er
Low
De
nsit
y
Pa
rity
Ch
ec
k
de
code
r)
,
a
nd
the
n
a
compari
son
betw
ee
n
DV
B
-
T
and
DV
B
-
T2
s
y
stem
s
c
an
be
m
ade.
Equi
pm
ent
s
inv
olve
d
in
th
e
m
e
asure
m
ent
ar
e
i
ndoor
ant
enn
a,
distri
buti
on
amplifi
er
,
wav
ef
orm
m
onit
or,
field
stre
ngth
m
et
e
r,
DVB
-
T2
de
co
der
and
TV
set
as
the
rec
e
i
ver
.
Re
sults
are
rec
orde
d
in
Microsoft
Exc
e
l
a
nd
ana
l
y
z
ed
us
ing
MA
TL
AB
software
.
The
r
esult
of
th
e
m
eas
ure
m
ent
show
s
92%
of
th
e
te
st
poin
t
s
had
highe
r
r
ea
ding
t
han
the
base
lin
e
val
ue
which
m
ea
ns
be
tt
e
r
rec
ep
ti
on
of
d
i
git
al
TV
signal
is
del
iv
ere
d
t
o
the
lo
cation
.
Com
par
ison
bet
wee
n
DV
B
-
T
and
DV
B
-
T2
per
form
anc
e
sho
ws
tha
t
fie
ld
str
engt
h
of
the
DVB
-
T2
s
y
stem
is sli
gh
tly
h
igher b
y
1
.
5
%
–
3
.
8
%
from
DV
B
-
T.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
BER
DTT
DVB
-
T2
Fiel
d
Stre
ngth
MER
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ute of
Ad
v
ance
d
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Sc
ie
n
ce
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Nors
uzila
Y
a
’a
cob,
Faculty
of Elec
tric
al
Engineer
ing
,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i M
ARA
,
404500
Sh
a
h Alam
Selang
or
, Mal
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
no
rs
uzila
@salam
.u
itm
.
edu.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
Mal
ay
sia
, the
re ar
e tw
o
m
a
in f
orm
s
of
tel
evisio
n
br
oa
dc
ast
ing
which a
r
e analo
g
an
d
di
gital
f
or
m
s
.
R
adio
Tel
e
vision
Ma
la
ysi
a
(RTM)
was
th
e
first
a
gen
cy
to
la
unc
h
an
al
og
broa
dcast
ing
sta
rting
f
r
om
28
Decem
ber
19
63.
O
n
10
April
2011,
RTM
t
ook
a
big
le
a
p
into
a
l
au
nc
h
i
ng
tria
l
ver
si
on
of
di
gital
te
le
visio
n
broa
dcasti
ng
usi
ng
the
D
VB
-
T
syst
e
m
.
Acc
ordin
gly,
RTM
(Radio
Tel
evisy
en
Ma
la
ysi
a)h
as
bee
n
r
unni
ng
a
pilot
pro
j
ect
i
n
Se
ptem
ber
2006
us
in
g
ast
a
nd
a
r
d
D
VB
-
T
ad
op
te
d
in
m
os
t
E
urop
ea
n
countries
.
The
re
are
sever
al
sta
nda
rd
s
c
urren
tl
y
us
e
d
world
wide
for
dig
it
al
te
rr
est
rial
broa
dcasti
ng
[1
]
.
Re
centl
y
in
20
16,
the
Ma
la
ysi
an
go
ve
rn
m
ent
decid
ed
to
broa
dcas
t
fr
ee
-
to
-
ai
r
te
le
visio
n
la
t
est
t
echnolo
g
y
by
im
ple
m
en
ti
ng
DVB
-
T2.
A
S
i
gn
al
is
transm
i
t
t
ed
t
o
al
l
ov
er
the
country
by
us
in
g
60
m
ai
n
transm
it
te
r
s
and
40
ga
p
fill
er
s
ta
rg
et
i
ng
a
bout
98%
of
cov
e
ra
ge
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
un
ti
l
20
18.
On
e
of
th
e
transm
itters
is
locat
ed
at
Me
nar
a
Ku
al
a
L
um
pu
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Meas
ur
em
ent
of
d
i
gital
v
ide
o
b
r
oadc
as
ti
ng
-
s
eco
nd
g
e
ner
ation
t
erest
ri
al (DVB
-
T
2)
…
(
N
or
s
uz
il
a
Y
a’ac
ob
)
1287
and
t
his
locat
ion
w
il
l
be
use
d
in
t
his
re
search
.
D
VB
-
T2
is
a
sec
ond
ge
ner
at
io
n
te
rr
est
rial
br
oad
ca
st
transm
issi
on
syst
e
m
,
dev
el
oped
by
the
D
VB
pro
j
ect
sin
ce
2006.
Its
m
ai
n
pur
pose
is
to
increase
ca
pacit
y,
rug
gedness
a
nd
fle
xib
il
it
y
to
the
the
n
cu
rre
nt
D
VB
-
T
syst
e
m
[2
].
As
we
ind
ic
at
ed
i
n
our
pr
e
vi
ou
s
res
earch
[3
]
,
w
he
n
co
nsi
der
in
g
the
w
hole
picture
,
it
i
s
evide
nt
that
t
he
la
te
st
te
chn
ologies
beside
s
te
chn
ic
al
benefit
s
,
increase
d
ca
pa
ci
ty
f
or
ne
w
se
rv
ic
es a
nd
high
er
qu
al
it
y of se
rv
ic
e,
brin
g
al
s
o
a
highe
r
syst
e
m
co
st.
The
tra
ns
it
ion
from
An
al
og
to
DV
B
-
T
(
first
ge
ner
at
io
n)
and
th
e
n
c
onti
nu
e
the
c
onve
rsion
f
ro
m
DVB
-
T
to
D
V
B
-
T2
a
re
m
otivate
d
by
the
proces
s
of
m
ergi
ng
t
ho
se
syst
em
s
to
be
high
er
ef
fici
ency
di
gital
broa
dcast
syst
em
wh
ic
h
is
D
V
B
-
T2
.
Th
e
m
ea
ning
of
high
ef
fici
ency
fo
c
us
es
on
the
ca
pa
bili
ty
of
transm
i
t
ti
ng
a
la
rg
e
num
ber
of
c
hannel
s
or
hi
gh
au
dio
/vi
deo
an
d
co
ver
a
ge
qual
it
y
with
the
sam
e
a
m
ou
nt
of
sp
ect
r
um
.
DVB
-
T2
syst
em
al
s
o
br
i
ng
s
sou
rc
e
co
ding
im
pr
ovem
ent
wh
ic
h
is
the
double
a
m
ou
nt
of
c
hannel
on
on
e
M
UX
i
n
High
De
fi
niti
on
(
HD).
T
he
im
pr
ov
em
ent
of
the
syst
em
c
on
ti
nue
s
to
off
er
la
rg
e
r
co
ve
r
age
of
Digital
Ter
rest
rial
Tel
evisio
n
(DTT)
with
the
sam
e
a
m
ount
of
tra
ns
m
it
t
er
c
har
act
erist
i
c,
rece
ptio
n
m
ade,
vid
e
o qu
al
it
y a
nd also
num
ber
of
c
ha
nn
el
s
[
2]
,
[
12]
.
A
lot
of
par
a
m
et
er
s
c
an
be
relat
ed
to
the
op
e
rati
on
of
DV
B
-
T2
tr
ough
m
easur
em
en
t.
The
firs
t
par
am
et
e
r
is
the
d
ist
ance
to
t
he
tra
ns
m
itter
(k
il
om
et
er)
,
w
her
e
by
in
this
stud
y,
distance
i
s
m
easur
ed
from
the
transm
itter
’s
locat
ion
at
M
e
nar
a
Ku
al
a
L
um
pu
r
to
the
sta
nd
point
loc
at
ion
,
wh
ic
h
is
the
locat
ion
of
th
e
receive
r
.
Sec
ond
pa
ram
et
er
is
the
f
ie
ld
s
tren
gth,
m
easur
ed
us
i
ng
a
fi
el
d
stre
ng
t
h
m
et
er
.
Fi
el
d
s
tren
gth
represe
nt
s
the
m
agn
it
ud
e
of
el
ect
ro
m
agn
e
ti
c
vector
s
rel
at
ed
to
si
gn
al
stren
gth[3].
T
he
f
ie
ld
stre
ng
t
h
is
div
ide
d
in
to
two
cat
eg
or
ie
s;
Mo
du
la
ti
on
Error
Ra
te
(M
ER)
in
un
it
dB
µV/m
rep
res
en
ti
ng
the
de
gree
of
const
el
la
ti
on
e
rror
w
hich
is
us
e
d
to
m
easu
re
the
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
t
rans
m
it
te
d
an
d
rec
ei
ved
sig
nal,
a
nd
Bit
Error
Ra
te
afte
r
LDP
C
(BER
aLDPC
)
in
unit
dBµV/m
.
It
is
the
channel
’s
BER
wh
ic
h
is
der
i
ved
a
fter
L
DP
C
Decode
r DVB
-
T2.
DVB
-
T2
si
gna
ls
are
highly
influ
e
nce
d
by
th
e
geo
l
og
y
or
te
rr
ai
n
at
the
tra
ns
m
itter
and
re
cei
ver
area
s
.
Sign
al
path
c
an
be
obstr
uct
ed
by
buil
dings
or
hill
s
,
e
s
pecial
ly
in
K
uala
Lum
pur,
Ma
la
ysi
a
area
.
This
obs
t
ru
ct
io
n
will
cause
sig
nal
ref
le
c
ti
on
an
d
diffracti
on
an
d
will
be
show
n
la
te
r
on
in
t
he
m
easur
em
e
nt
an
d
analy
sis
sect
io
ns
of
this
paper
.
T
he
sam
e
pro
blem
state
m
ent
has
occ
ur
r
ed
in
the
firs
t
gen
e
rati
on
of
D
VB,
hen
ce
the
plac
e
m
ent
of
t
he
r
ecei
vin
g
ante
nna
m
u
st
be
c
onside
red,
in
or
der
t
o
c
om
pen
sat
e
these
iss
ue
s
to
receive
a
bette
r
si
gn
al
by
pl
ac
ing
,
rec
ei
ving
a
nten
na
on
a
pole
at
a
he
igh
t
of
10
m
above
gro
und
a
nd
to
m
easur
e
the
ne
arest
acce
ssib
le
m
easur
em
e
nt
point
,
prefe
rab
ly
withi
n
a
distance
of
50
m
aro
u
nd
th
e
ideal
m
easur
em
ent
po
int
[
4
]
.
H
ow
e
ver,
in
the
case
of
D
VB
-
T2
,
the
ante
nn
a
st
udy
is
exten
d
ed
t
o
the
us
e
of
i
ndoor
anten
na.
T
he
ot
her
pro
blem
i
s
a
con
tra
dicti
on
of
si
g
nal
stren
gth
a
nd
M
ER
of
recei
ving
sig
nal,
w
hereby
in
so
m
e
locat
ions,
stre
ngth
of
receivi
ng
sig
na
ls
is
eq
ual
but
MER
of
re
cei
ved
sig
nals
are
not
e
qu
al
.
T
his
conditi
on
ha
ppen
s
due
t
o
the
areas
are
obs
cur
e
d
by
the
i
nterf
e
re
nce
of
env
i
ronm
ent
[
5
]
.
To
overc
om
e
this
pro
blem
,
i
t
is
su
ggest
ed
to
use
com
par
at
iv
e
analy
sis
bet
ween
MER
a
nd
dista
nce
to
i
nd
ic
at
e
delay
sign
a
l
cause
d
by
the
m
ulti
path
effe
ct
of
the
re
f
le
ct
ion
proces
s.
T
he
n,
by
usi
ng
m
easur
em
ent
Bi
t
Erro
r
Ra
te
(BERbL
DP
C
)
–
be
f
or
e
LD
P
C
,
a
m
ini
m
u
m
MER
value
t
hat
can
be
nor
m
al
l
y
received
by
D
VB
-
T
2
c
an
be
determ
ine
d
[10]
,
[11]
.
Since
Ma
la
ysi
a
will
fu
l
ly
m
i
gr
at
e
t
o
dig
it
al
broa
dcasti
ng
by
us
i
ng
the
D
VB
-
T
2
syst
em
an
d
a
nalo
g
transm
issi
on
will
be
switc
h
ed
off
e
ntirel
y
in
2018,
this
stud
y
will
be
helpful
to
prov
i
de
inf
orm
ation
t
o
gove
rn
m
ent
broad
ca
st
ing
sta
t
ion
,
Ra
dio
T
el
evisio
n
Ma
la
ysi
a
(RTM)
with
reg
a
rd
t
o
pla
nnin
g,
im
ple
m
e
nting,
com
m
issi
on
ing
and
al
so
te
sti
ng
the
proj
e
ct
.
RTM
al
so
able
to
do
f
ur
t
her
stud
y
in
order
to
br
oa
d
the
a
rea
of
stud
y i
n
m
easur
in
g
the
p
e
rform
ance of
DV
B
-
T2
since
it
is
ver
y
ne
w
to
br
oad
ca
ste
rs
.
This project ha
s h
ig
h
releva
nc
y i
n
b
r
oad
cast
te
chnolo
gy in
Ma
la
ysi
a b
ecause m
os
t of
the
stud
y com
e
from
fo
reig
n
country
that
has
al
rea
dy
im
ple
m
ent
ed
DVB
-
T2
a
s
f
ully
dig
it
al
TV
broa
dcasti
ng
w
hich
so
m
et
i
m
es
is
no
t
su
it
able
for
Ma
la
ysi
an
envi
ronm
ent
and
ge
ogra
ph
ic
area
.
Ther
e
fore
,
thi
s
is
the
r
igh
t
ti
m
e
t
o
do
t
he
pro
j
ect
.
This
stu
dy
is
al
so
ver
y
helpful
to
the
governm
ent
to
identify
stren
gth
s
and
wea
kn
es
s
es
of
DVB
-
T2
a
udio
and
v
isual qu
a
li
ty
and
this
guideli
ne
can b
e u
sef
ul
to
oth
er b
r
oa
dcasters
in
order
t
o
im
ple
m
ent
it
n
at
ionwide
.
Deli
ver
i
ng
a
r
obus
t
sig
nal,
and
offer
in
g
a
r
ang
e
of
di
ff
e
re
nt
m
od
es
an
d
m
ak
ing
it
a
ver
y
flexible
sta
nd
a
rd,
D
VB
-
T2
ca
n
offe
r
a
m
uch
highe
r
data
rate
an
d
m
or
e
ro
bust
sign
al
tha
n
D
V
B
-
T
[4
]
[13]
.
Ma
la
ysi
a
sh
oul
d
ad
opt
DV
B
-
T2
as
a
sta
nd
a
rd
f
or
dig
it
al
broa
dc
ast
ing
in
fu
t
ur
e
.
The
refo
re
,
this
resea
rc
h
was
reco
m
m
end
ed
to
be
e
xpa
nd
i
ng
sp
eci
fical
ly
in
D
VB
-
T2
wh
ic
h
is
the
s
econd
ge
ner
at
i
on
of
DV
B.
T
he
s
uit
par
am
et
er,
m
eth
od
a
nd
a
naly
sis
can
be
use
d
and
t
he
analy
sis
for
the
ne
xt
s
tud
y
with
new
data
colle
ct
ion
an
d
it
also can i
ncl
u
de
the c
om
par
iso
n re
su
lt
s
be
tween
D
VB
-
T
and DVB
-
T2
.
In
a
ddit
ion
,
the
m
ai
n
m
et
ho
d
t
hat
bei
ng
us
e
d
an
a
pprop
riat
e
si
m
ulati
on
f
or
so
m
e
of
the
st
udy
car
ried
are
by
us
i
ng
c
omm
on
si
m
ulati
on
platfo
rm
(CSP)
a
nd
MA
TLAB
[
5
]
.
To
pro
vid
e
t
he
pe
rfor
m
ance
eval
uation
of
D
VB
-
T
2
f
or
fi
xed
rece
pti
on
by
the
rece
ived
sig
nal
,
m
easur
em
ent
us
i
ng
fiel
d
m
eas
ur
em
ents
was
ta
ken
al
ong 100 l
oca
ti
on
s,
f
or exam
ple
, in B
an
gkok
of Th
ai
la
nd
[
6
]
.
It is
sug
gest
ed
that
sam
e a
ppr
oach
is u
se
d
but
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
47
52
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
M
a
r
c
h
201
9
:
1
2
8
6
–
1
2
9
3
1288
change
the
venue
to
Ma
la
ysi
a
especial
ly
in
Ku
a
la
L
um
pu
r
since
Ma
la
ysi
a
is
in
pr
ogres
s
to
us
e
f
ully
digi
ta
l
in
te
rr
est
rial
T
V
i
n
2018.S
om
e
com
par
ison
are
al
so
be
in
g
m
a
de
in
Th
ai
la
nd
w
her
e
t
he
c
om
par
ison
is
be
tween
the
com
petenc
y
of
the
ne
w
H
at
a
path
loss
m
od
el
obta
ine
d
f
ro
m
the
opti
m
i
zat
ion
t
hroug
h
le
a
st
sq
ua
re
m
et
hod
and
the
cal
ib
ra
ti
on
on
the
sta
t
ist
ic
al
value
of
RM
SE
an
d
M
E
in
order
to
pl
an
the
broa
dca
sti
ng
netw
ork
desig
n
for DVB
-
T
2 prop
a
gatio
n
i
n
th
e urba
n Su
ratt
ha
ni,
s
outher
n T
haila
nd.
Accor
ding
to
P
et
er
Corc
or
a
n
and
Ste
ph
e
n
D
uk
e
s
[2
]
,
al
l
of
the
featu
res
of
DV
B
-
T2
m
ake
the
syst
e
m
sti
ll
relevan
t
for
sever
al
sta
te
of
tra
diti
on
al
broa
dcasti
ng.
T
her
e
fore
,
it
is
a
n
ad
van
ta
ge
of
DV
B
-
T2
w
hic
h
can
be
em
bed
de
d
t
o
va
rio
us
oth
e
r
existi
ng
sig
nals.
This
m
akes
DVB
-
T2
m
or
e
flexib
le
a
nd
in
te
gr
at
io
n
with
oth
e
r
syst
e
m
is
po
ss
ible.
DV
B
-
T
2
has
a
lot
of
a
dvanta
ges
in
te
r
m
s
of
par
am
et
er
i
m
pr
ovem
e
nt
an
d
this
stu
dy
will
pro
ve
it
.
In
ad
diti
on
,
the
sta
t
e
m
ent
fr
om
Xian
Lin
H
ua
ng
a
nd
J
un
W
u,
Fei
H
u,
sim
ula
ti
on
resu
l
ts
sh
ow
KMV
-
Ca
st
or
ty
pical
li
near
vid
e
o
tran
sm
is
sion
ca
ll
ed
s
oft
cast
can
reac
h
a
PS
NR
gai
n
as
Lo
w
S
N
R:
8d
b
m
or
e,
High
S
NR
:
5db
m
ore
and
Tra
diti
onal
one
:
7d
b
m
or
e.
They
a
lso
f
ocus
on
da
ta
com
pr
essio
n
tha
n
evaluate
pe
rform
ance
of
the
s
yst
e
m
un
de
r
in
com
plete
pr
ior
know
le
dg
e
[
7
]
.
This
m
eans
t
hat
the
perfor
m
anc
e
of
D
VB
-
T
an
d
D
VB
-
T
2
can
be
determ
ine
d
by
te
st
para
m
et
er
and
th
e
qu
al
it
y
of
the
au
diovisual
.
If
the
perform
ance
of
te
st
par
am
eter
is
good,
th
en
the
qu
al
it
y
of
the
visua
l
at
the
receiv
er
will
be
exc
el
le
nt.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e
,
it
is
al
so
sta
te
d
t
hat
to
identify
th
e
op
ti
m
u
m
v
al
ue
of
C/
M
for
correct
in
g
re
cepti
on
of
D
V
B
-
T2
sign
al
in
co
ndit
ion
afte
r
sig
na
l
bein
g
fi
x
ed
,
the
use
d
opti
m
u
m
value
of
BER
after
L
D
PC
dec
od
i
ng
m
us
t
be
le
ss
or
eq
ual
to
10
-
7
an
d
BER
after
BC
H
dec
od
i
ng
m
us
t
be
le
ss
or
eq
u
al
to
10
-
11
[8
]
.
T
his
condi
ti
on
is
use
d
i
n
the stu
dy
as a
ben
c
hm
ark
fo
r
a good
qual
it
y si
gn
al
.
The
nex
t
par
a
m
et
er
is
the
fiel
d
stren
gth
a
nd
the
MER
,
Te
odor
B.
et
al
.
[9
]
sta
te
s
that
Fiel
d
Stre
ng
t
h,
MER
30
000
c
it
iz
ens
m
ini
m
u
m
m
us
t
be
m
in
i
m
u
m
85
dbuV/m
and
oth
er
s
m
us
t
be
m
or
e
than
5
6dBu
V/
m
than
MER
m
us
t
be
gr
eat
er
tha
n
20
-
22dB.
T
his
gu
i
deline
is
sui
ta
ble
in
or
de
r
to
hav
e
a
base
li
ne
read
in
g
f
or
fiel
d
stren
gth
a
nd
MER
.
The
c
om
par
ison
ca
n
be
m
ade
,
w
hich
c
om
par
e
the
per
ce
ntage
of
diff
e
re
nce
be
tween
te
st
fiel
d
stre
ngth
a
nd
MER
with
the
ba
sel
ine
val
ue.
The
m
ai
n
obj
ect
ive
of
th
is
researc
h
is
t
o
m
easur
e
qu
a
li
ty
of
Digital
Vide
o
Broa
dcasti
ng
-
Terr
est
rial
Second
G
ene
rati
on
(
DV
B
-
T2
)
S
ign
al
s
i
n
Ku
al
a
Lum
pu
r
Ma
la
ysi
a
,
wh
ic
h
a
re
fiel
d st
rength
, MER
and BERa
L
D
PC
, a
nd the
n
a
naly
ze
an
d
c
om
par
e the
res
ul
ts
to
D
VB
-
T
.
2.
METHO
D
OL
OGY
DVB
-
T
has
seve
ra
l
te
c
hn
ic
al
c
har
ac
te
risti
cs
wh
ic
h
ca
n
be
va
ried
t
o
m
e
et
op
e
rato
r
’s
requirem
ent [
1
0
]
. T
he
c
har
act
erist
ic
s
are:
a)
4
ch
oices
of
m
od
ulati
on
Q
PSK
(
Q
uadrat
ur
e
P
hase
S
hift
Keyi
ng),16
-
QA
M
(
16
-
Qu
a
dr
at
ur
e
Am
plitu
de
Modul
at
ion),
64
-
QA
M
(
64
-
Q
uadratu
re
Am
plit
ud
e
Modula
ti
on)
and
256
-
QA
M
(
64
-
Qu
a
dr
at
ur
e
Am
plitud
e
Modula
ti
on)
b)
6 diff
e
re
nt FE
C (F
orward
Er
ror
C
orrecti
on)
c)
7 Gu
a
r
d
I
nter
va
l op
ti
on
d)
1k,2k,4
k,8k,16
k or 3
2k car
rie
rs
e)
6,
7 o
r 8
MHz
Chan
nel
band
widths
A
dif
fer
e
nt
co
m
bin
at
io
n
of
t
hese
pa
ram
et
ers
is
cho
se
n
acc
ordin
g
to
the
ne
ed
of
net
wor
k
operat
or
s
,
su
c
h
as,
su
it
ab
il
ity
between
r
obus
t
ness
an
d
capaci
ty
.
Fo
r
e
xam
ple,
al
tho
ugh
lo
we
r
l
evel
of
m
od
ulati
on
su
c
h
as
QP
S
K
ha
s
a
slow
er
data
ra
te
com
par
ed
to
64
-
Q
AM,
rec
ei
ver
s
ca
n
sti
ll
receive
the
si
gn
al
e
ven
t
hough
t
he
sign
al
is
weak
(robust
ness).
T
able
1
s
umm
ar
iz
es
the
dif
fer
e
nce
in
m
ai
n
pa
ram
et
e
rs
of
D
VB
-
T
a
nd
D
V
B
-
T
2
s
yst
e
m
.
Table
1.
Param
et
er
com
par
iso
n betwee
n DVB
-
T a
nd DVB
-
T2
Para
m
eter
DVB
-
T
DVB
-
T2
Mod
u
latio
n
QPSK,
16
QAM,
&
64
QAM
QPSK,
16
QAM,
64
QAM
&
25
6
QAM
Fo
rwar
d
Er
ror
Co
rr
ectio
n
Co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
al
co
d
in
g
(
CC
)
+
Reed
-
So
lo
m
o
n
(RS)
Low d
en
sity
p
ari
ty
-
ch
eck
(L
DPC
)
+ Bo
se
-
Ch
au
d
h
u
ri
-
Ho
cq
u
en
g
h
a
m
(BCH)
Interval Op
tio
n
1
/4
,
1
/8
,
1
/1
6
,
&
1
/3
2
1
/4
,
1
9
/2
5
6
,
1
/8
,
1
9
/1
2
8
,
1
/1
6
,
1
/3
2
,
&
1
/1
2
8
Discrete
Fou
rier
Tr
an
sf
o
r
m
(
DFT
)
2
k
&
8k
1
k
,
2
k
,
4
k
,
8
k
,
1
6
k
,
&
32k
Ban
d
wid
th
6
,7 an
d
8Mh
z
1
.7, 5. 6,7
,
8
and
10
Mhz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Meas
ur
em
ent
of
d
i
gital
v
ide
o
b
r
oadc
as
ti
ng
-
s
eco
nd
g
e
ner
ation
t
erest
ri
al (DVB
-
T
2)
…
(
N
or
s
uz
il
a
Y
a’ac
ob
)
1289
The
m
et
ho
dol
og
y
f
or
t
his
researc
h
ca
n
be
div
id
ed
int
o
tw
o
pa
rts;
f
ie
ld
t
est
s
et
up
a
nd
d
at
a
processi
ng
.
At
the
be
ginnin
g
of
this
researc
h,
100
te
st
point
s
are
identifie
d
and
sel
ect
ed
from
the
RTM
DV
B
-
T2
C
ov
e
ra
ge
Sim
ulati
on
Database
(C
hirp
l
us
)
.
T
hen
D
VB
-
T
2
para
m
et
ers;
fiel
d
stren
gth,
M
ER
an
d
BER
aLDPC a
r
e m
easur
ed
a
nd
recorde
d. Mo
re
detai
ls are
giv
en
in Ta
ble
2.
Table
2
.
Ba
sic
par
am
et
ers
of
DV
B
-
T
2 s
ta
nd
ard f
or this
res
earch
Sy
ste
m
Pa
ra
m
eter
DVB
-
T2
Fo
rwar
d
e
rr
o
r
co
rr
ectio
n
(
FEC)
&
Co
d
e r
ates
LDPC+BC
H 2/3
Mod
u
latio
n
256
-
QAM
Ro
tatio
n
Co
n
stella
tio
n
M
o
d
e
No
n
-
Ro
tatio
n
m
o
d
e
Gu
ard Interval
1
/1
2
8
Su
b
carr
ier
(
FF
T
si
ze)
32K
Ban
d
wid
th
8
Mhz
Figu
re
1
s
how
s
the
flo
w
diagr
am
of
t
his
r
esearch
w
hich
is
the
sta
rt
of
analy
sis
on
t
he
DV
B
-
T
2
syst
e
m
.
Nex
t,
100
te
st
points
are
c
hose
n
from
the
RTM
D
VB
-
T
2
C
ov
e
ra
ge
Sim
ulati
on
Database
(C
hir
plu
s
)
to
be
the
loca
ti
on
of
D
VB
-
T2
recei
ver
s
.
Hen
ce
,
this
phase
i
s
the
process
of
colle
ct
ing
re
qu
i
red
data
,
includ
i
ng
fiel
d
streng
t
h,
ME
R,
BER
aLDP
C
and
locat
io
n
inform
at
ion
.
Figure
2
a
nd
3
dem
on
strat
e
th
e
blo
c
k
diag
ram
of
D
VB
-
T
an
d
D
V
B
-
T2
recei
ver
s
.
T
her
e
is
a
li
tt
le
diff
e
re
nce
betwee
n
t
he
t
wo,
es
pecial
ly
in
t
he
m
easur
em
ent
of
BER
.
In
DVB
-
T
syst
em
,
B
ER
data
are
ta
ken
be
fore
a
nd
after
Vite
rb
i
de
cod
e
r
.
O
n
the
oth
e
r
hand,
BER
da
ta
in
D
VB
-
T2
syst
e
m
are
ta
ken
be
f
or
e
a
nd
afte
r
L
DP
C
dec
od
i
ng
.
All
par
am
et
er
s
w
il
l
be
ana
ly
zed
i
n order
to dete
rm
ine the
perform
a
nce a
nd the
res
ults will
b
e
com
par
ed
with
pr
evio
us
st
ud
ie
s
.
Figure
1.
F
lo
w
d
ia
gram
o
f res
earch
m
et
ho
dolog
y
Figur
e
2
.
Sim
plifie
d
bl
ock d
ia
gr
am
o
f
a
DV
B
-
T
r
ecei
ver
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on
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a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
M
a
r
c
h
201
9
:
1
2
8
6
–
1
2
9
3
1290
Figur
e
3
.
Sim
plifie
d
bl
ock d
ia
gr
am
o
f
a
DV
B
-
T2
r
ecei
ve
r
The
in
form
at
i
on
nee
ded
fro
m
te
st
po
int
locat
ion
s
a
re
la
ti
tud
e
,
longi
tud
e
a
nd
distance
to
the
transm
itter
.
Me
asur
em
ent
of
fiel
d
stren
gth,
BER
aLDPC
a
nd
MER
at
each
te
st
po
int
ar
e
m
easur
ed
us
ing
te
st
m
et
er,
Kath
rein
MSK
130.
Wav
e
f
or
m
m
on
it
or
WV
M
8210
is
us
ed
t
o
m
on
it
or
t
he
qual
it
y
of
the
r
ecei
ved
sign
al
/pict
ure
.
Be
sides
that,
oth
er
e
quip
m
ent
s
nam
e
ly
ind
oor
a
nte
nna,
distri
bu
ti
on
am
plifie
r,
DVB
-
T
2
decode
r
an
d
T
V
set
are
nee
de
d
in
orde
r
t
o
get
al
l
the
m
ea
su
rem
ent
.
All
m
entioned
dat
a
are
colle
ct
ed
during
the
m
easur
em
ent
at
the
10
0
te
st
points
a
nd
recorde
d
in
Mi
cro
s
of
t
E
xc
el
and
the
n
graph
s
are
pl
otted
a
nd
analy
ze
d
acc
ordin
gly usi
ng MATL
AB s
of
t
w
are.
Fig
ur
e
4 s
hows
t
he fie
ld
te
st set
up
dia
gra
m
.
Figure
4.
Fiel
d t
est
setup bl
oc
k d
ia
gram
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
The
res
ult
para
m
et
ers
f
ie
ld
s
tren
gth
,
MER
and
BER
are
sh
ow
n
in
Ta
ble
3.
A
fter
coll
ect
ion
dat
a
process
is
c
omplet
ed
,
resu
lt
s
of
the
rec
orde
d
pa
ram
et
er
s(f
ie
ld
s
tren
gth
,
MER
and
BE
R
)ag
ai
nst
distance
are
pr
ese
nt
ed
in
gr
aph
s
us
in
g
MA
TLAB s
oft
ware as s
how
n
in
Figure
5, 6 an
d 7
.
Figure
5
sho
ws
that
92%
o
f
fiel
d
stre
ng
t
h
rea
ding
s
are
ab
ove
m
ini
m
u
m
le
v
el
,
wh
ic
h
is
56(
dBµV/m
)
[9
]
.
This
res
ult
is
con
si
der
ed
good
beca
us
e
th
e
i
m
ple
m
entat
i
on
of
D
VB
-
T2
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
is
ver
y
new an
d
m
os
t
of the
facil
it
y
are
sti
ll
in
re
sea
rch
sta
ge
.
Figure
5.
Fiel
d
s
tren
gth f
or DVB
-
T2
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Sci
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02
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4752
Meas
ur
em
ent
of
d
i
gital
v
ide
o
b
r
oadc
as
ti
ng
-
s
eco
nd
g
e
ner
ation
t
erest
ri
al (DVB
-
T
2)
…
(
N
or
s
uz
il
a
Y
a’ac
ob
)
1291
Figure
6
dem
on
strat
es
MER
values
at
each
te
st
po
int
agai
ns
t
distance
t
o
the
transm
it
te
r.
A
ccepta
ble
MER
value
is
20
-
22
dB
[
9
]
and
100%
of
the
data
te
ste
d
is
gr
eat
e
r
th
an
this
fig
ure,
hen
ce
it
fu
l
fill
s
the
requirem
ent. T
his
m
eans
that
the quali
ty
o
f
a
ud
i
o
a
nd v
is
ual
is g
ood en
ough
at
the
10
0
te
s
te
d
locat
io
n
s
.
V
al
ue
o
f
BER
aLDPC
m
us
t
be
le
ss
than
10
-
7
[3
]
a
nd
al
l
of
colle
ct
ed
data
sh
ows
good
re
su
lt
wh
ic
h
i
s
belo
w
the
lim
it.
The
BER
after
LDP
C
ve
r
s
us
distance
to
tra
ns
m
itter
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
7.
The
res
ult
shows
a
weak
de
pe
nd
e
nce
on
the
distance
to
the
tr
a
ns
m
itter
,
w
hich
m
eans
that
B
ER
afte
r
LDPC
values
will
be
lowe
r
at
longer
dista
nce
c
om
par
e
d
to
te
st
point
w
hich
is
nea
rer
t
o
t
he
t
ran
sm
it
t
er.
F
r
om
the
con
ti
n
uity
of
an
al
ysi
s,
DVB
-
T2
res
ult
s
are
c
om
par
ed
with
D
VB
-
T
a
nd
sho
wn
in
Figures
8
a
nd
9.
Test
ed
locat
i
ons
for
bo
t
h
sys
tem
s
are sam
e.
Figu
re
6
.
MER
for
D
VB
-
T2
Table
3
.
Part
of
m
easur
em
ent
r
es
ults
TP
Km
FS (
d
Bµ
V/
m
)
ME
R
(dB
)
BERaLDPC
1
5
.31
7
1
.87
5
3
6
.7
0
.00
E+00
2
5
.63
5
1
.37
5
2
9
.5
0
.00
E+00
3
5
.69
8
1
.97
5
3
4
.7
0
.00
E+00
4
6
.17
8
1
.27
5
3
6
.9
0
.00
E+00
5
6
.18
5
1
.47
5
2
8
.7
0
.00
E+00
6
6
.20
8
9
.57
5
3
6
.5
0
.00
E+00
7
6
.29
6
2
.47
5
3
5
.9
0
.00
E+00
8
6
.36
7
8
.87
5
3
5
.3
0
.00
E+00
9
6
.49
6
5
.27
5
3
5
.9
3
.78
E
-
07
10
6
.93
6
4
.87
5
3
6
.5
0
.00
E+00
11
7
.06
6
3
.67
5
3
3
.0
0
.00
E+00
12
7
.24
8
9
.87
5
3
5
.6
0
.00
E+00
13
7
.27
7
5
.17
5
3
7
.5
0
.00
E+00
14
8
.16
5
8
.77
5
3
1
.7
0
.00
E+00
15
8
.36
6
6
.17
5
3
6
.2
0
.00
E+00
16
8
.42
6
7
.87
5
3
7
.1
0
.00
E+00
17
8
.43
5
4
.07
5
3
1
.3
0
.00
E+00
18
8
.45
5
9
.97
5
3
3
.4
0
.00
E+00
19
9
.12
5
0
.17
5
2
3
.6
0
.00
E+00
20
9
.76
6
5
.67
5
3
0
.2
0
.00
E+00
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Ind
on
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a
n
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E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
1
3
, N
o.
3
,
M
a
r
c
h
201
9
:
1
2
8
6
–
1
2
9
3
1292
Figu
re
7
.
BER
aLDPC
f
or
D
V
B
-
T2
Figure
8
in
dic
at
es
that
there
is
an
aver
a
ge
of
1.5
%
inc
rem
ent
in
field
stren
gth
of
the
seco
nd
gen
e
rati
on
syst
e
m
(D
B
V
-
T
2) com
par
ed
t
o
fi
rst
ge
ne
rati
on
(
DV
B
-
T)
,
es
pec
ia
ll
y
at
locat
ion
s f
urt
he
r
a
wa
y
than
the
tra
ns
m
itter
.
T
he
inc
rem
e
nt
is
relat
ively
sm
all
wh
ic
h
cou
l
d
m
ean
th
at
fiel
d
stre
ng
th
bet
wee
n
th
e
two
syst
e
m
s
are
qu
it
e
si
m
i
la
r
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
it
can
al
so
be
sai
d
that
DV
B
-
T
2
syst
e
m
s
are
bet
te
r
as
sign
al
s
in
this
sys
tem
carr
y m
or
e
ch
a
nn
el
s a
nd h
a
ve
a
h
i
gher
data rate
of
30 %
[
5]
.
Com
par
ison
of
MER
in
Figu
r
e
9
dem
on
strat
es
si
m
i
la
r
resul
ts
as
fiel
d
stre
ng
t
h
.
T
her
e
is
a
con
sta
nt
i
m
pr
ovem
ent
of
a
bout
3.8
%
in
MER
dat
a
of
D
VB
-
T2
syst
e
m
s
at
al
l
te
st
locat
ion
s.
Wh
il
e
this
val
ue
m
ay
seem
to
be
low,
the
fact
that
sign
al
s
in
D
VB
-
T2
syst
em
car
ry
m
or
e
chann
el
s
and
at
the
sam
e
tim
e
has
higher
MER
values
com
par
ed
to
D
VB
-
T
syst
em
,
it
m
ay
be
ded
uce
d
that
D
V
B
-
T2
ha
s
bette
r
MER
per
f
orm
ance
com
par
ed
t
o D
VB
-
T.
N
eve
rth
el
ess, it co
uld
al
so
m
ean th
at
bo
t
h
syst
em
s
hav
e
sim
il
ar M
ER pe
rfor
m
ance.
Figur
e
8
.
Fiel
d
stren
gth c
om
par
iso
n g
ra
ph
be
tween
D
VB
-
T
and
DV
B
-
T2
Figur
e
9
.
MER
co
m
par
iso
n g
r
aph b
et
ween D
VB
-
T
and
D
V
B
-
T2
DVB
-
T2
DVB
-
T
DVB
-
T2
DVB
-
T
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Meas
ur
em
ent
of
d
i
gital
v
ide
o
b
r
oadc
as
ti
ng
-
s
eco
nd
g
e
ner
ation
t
erest
ri
al (DVB
-
T
2)
…
(
N
or
s
uz
il
a
Y
a’ac
ob
)
1293
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
researc
h
is
ex
pected
t
o
fill
resea
rch
gap
in
D
VB
-
T
2
st
ud
ie
s
,
es
pe
ci
al
ly
in
Ma
l
ay
sia
.
Since
Ma
la
ysi
a
is
on
her
way
t
owar
ds
fu
ll
y
dig
it
al
te
le
vision
tra
ns
m
issi
on
,
this
researc
h
can
pro
vid
e
so
m
e
inf
or
m
at
ion
on
per
f
or
m
ance
and
c
ov
e
rage
of
DVB
-
T
2
sig
na
ls
.
The
obj
ect
ives
of
the
pr
oject
are
pr
e
dicte
d
to
be
f
ulfil
le
d
ba
sed
on
li
te
ra
ture
rev
ie
w
a
nd
pla
n
ne
d
m
et
ho
ds
.
T
he
te
st
wh
ic
h
has
been
car
r
ie
d
out
dem
on
strat
ed
t
he
perform
ance
of
D
VB
-
T
i
n
Ma
la
ysi
a
(Kl
ang
Vall
ey
A
rea).
D
V
B
-
T2
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
(
Klan
g
Vall
ey
a
rea)
ha
s
bee
n
s
ucces
sfu
ll
y
im
ple
m
e
nted
a
nd
is
c
urren
tl
y
bei
ng
use
d
f
or
the
t
ran
s
m
issi
on
of
8
f
r
ee
-
to
-
ai
r
TV
ch
an
nel
s.
I
m
po
rtant
pa
ram
et
er
s
to
determ
in
e
the
qu
a
li
ty
of
a
sign
al
receptio
n
are
f
ie
ld
s
tren
gth
,
MER
and
BER
.
E
ve
n
th
ough
the
m
easur
e
d
par
am
et
ers
of
the
D
VB
-
T
2
syst
em
are
higher
t
ha
n
the
D
VB
-
T
syst
e
m
,
the
dif
fer
e
nces
are
relat
ively
ver
y
sm
al
l
and
would
no
t
be
prom
inent
eno
ug
h
to
sug
ge
st
wh
ic
h
syst
e
m
has
bette
r
pe
rfor
m
ance
.
F
or
f
utu
r
e
stud
ie
s,
m
easur
em
ents
of
m
ulti
s
cal
e/
s
tructu
ral
s
im
il
arity
i
nd
ex
(MS
-
SSI
M/
SS
IM)
a
nd
p
eak
s
i
gn
al
-
to
-
n
oise
rati
o
(P
S
NR)
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