Indonesian
J
our
nal
of
Electrical
Engineering
and
Computer
Science
V
ol.
21,
No.
3,
March
2021,
pp.
1611
1621
ISSN:
2502-4752,
DOI:
10.11591/ijeecs.v21i3.pp1611-1621
r
1611
Sectoral
dual-polarized
MIMO
antenna
f
or
5G-NR
band
N77
base
station
M.
Muhsin
1
,
Afina
Lina
Nurlaili
2
,
A
ulia
Saharani
3
,
Indah
Rahmawati
Utami
4
1,3,4
Department
of
T
elecommunication
Engineering,
Institut
T
eknologi
T
elk
om
Surabaya,
Indonesia
2
Department
of
Informatics,
Uni
v
ersitas
Pembangunan
Nasional
”V
eteran”
Ja
w
a
T
imur
,
Indonesia
Article
Inf
o
Article
history:
Recei
v
ed
Oct
2,
2020
Re
vised
Dec
2,
2020
Accepted
Dec
23,
2020
K
eyw
ords:
5G
Antena
Correlation
Coupling
MIMO
ABSTRA
CT
Massi
v
e
internet
of
things
(IoT)
in
5G
has
man
y
adv
antages
as
a
future
technology
.
It
brings
some
challenges
such
as
a
lot
of
de
vices
need
massi
v
e
connection.
In
this
case,
multiple-input
multiple-output
(MIMO)
systems
of
fer
high
performance
and
ca-
pacity
of
communications.
There
is
a
challenge
of
correlation
between
antennas
in
MIMO.
This
paper
proposes
three-sectors
MIMO
base
station
antenna
for
5G-Ne
w
Radio
(5G-NR)
band
N77
with
dual
polariz
ed
configuration
to
reduce
the
correlation.
The
proposed
antenna
has
a
maximum
coupling
of
-16.90
dB
and
correlation
belo
w
0.01.
The
obtained
bit
error
rate
(BER)
performance
is
v
ery
close
to
non-correlated
antennas
with
bandwidth
of
1.87
GHz.
It
means
that
the
proposed
antenna
has
been
well
designed.
This
is
an
open
access
article
under
the
CC
BY
-SA
license
.
Corresponding
A
uthor:
M.
Muhsin
Department
of
T
elecommunication
Engineering
Institut
T
eknologi
T
elk
om
Surabaya
Jalan
K
etintang
156,
Surabaya,
Indonesia
Email:
muhsin@ittelk
om-sby
.ac.id
1.
INTR
ODUCTION
Internet
of
things
(IoT)
is
becoming
a
trend
in
the
follo
wing
year
and
future
[1-4].
It
has
been
s
tarted
since
the
fourth
generation
of
telecommunications
(4G).
In
the
ne
xt
telecommunication
generation,
IoT
is
e
xpected
to
gro
w
more
massi
v
ely
.
Current
IoT
will
be
e
v
olv
ed
into
massi
v
e
IoT
,
where
there
is
more
massi
v
e
connecti
vity
in
the
netw
orks.
Massi
v
e
IoT
in
5G
is
challenging
because
it
should
be
able
to
accommodate
a
v
ery
high
number
of
de
vices
simultaneously
.
Capacity
is
main
problem
of
massi
v
e
IoT
in
5G.
It
can
be
realized
by
pro
vide
high
number
of
cell,
each
can
handle
a
high
v
olume
of
traf
fic
[5,
6].
Massi
v
e
traf
fic
can
be
di
vided
into
some
cells
handling
traf
fic
in
its
co
v
erage
area.
Each
base
station
should
use
MIMO
to
pro
vide
enough
capacity
with
high
performance.
Multiple-input
multiple-output
(MIMO)
is
one
of
primary
k
e
y
for
5G
[7-15]
as
enabler
of
massi
v
e
IoT
.
Multiple
antennas
mak
es
performance
impro
v
ement
where
one
antenna
w
orks
together
with
other
antennas.
In
order
to
g
ain
the
best
performance,
e
v
ery
antenna
should
be
independent
of
each
other
.
Independence
is
needed
to
pro
vide
optimum
di
v
ersity
.
So,
lo
wering
dependenc
y
is
one
of
the
main
focus
in
designing
the
MIMO
antenna.
It
is
because
the
dependenc
y
between
antennas
may
decrease
channel
di
v
ersity
which
mak
es
the
system’
s
performance
w
orse.
Dependenc
y
is
indicated
by
antenna’
s
correlation
[16-19].
Depencenc
y
is
measured
by
correlation
between
antennas.
Some
basic
techniques
ha
v
e
been
proposed,
for
e
xample,
dual-cross
polarized
antenna
on
[20-23],
ground
decoupling
on
[24-27],
sectorization
on
[28].
Dual-cross
polarized
antenna
w
orks
by
arranging
the
antenna
so
that
the
neighboring
antenna
has
dif
ferent
J
ournal
homepage:
http://ijeecs.iaescor
e
.com
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1612
r
ISSN:
2502-4752
polarization.
Ground
decoupling
w
orks
by
modifying
the
antenna’
s
ground
to
reduce
the
antenna’
s
interaction
in
the
ground
part.
Sectorization
w
orks
by
arranging
antennas
ha
ving
dif
ferent
focus
of
radiation
pattern.
Small
cell
base
station
for
indoor
dense
netw
orks
is
e
v
aluated
in
[29-31].
Main
characteristics
of
small
cell
5G
IoT
base
stations
are
MIMO
and
lo
w
co
v
erage.
This
base
station
usually
uses
mm-W
a
v
e
MIMO
to
pro
vide
high
data
rate
and
limited
co
v
erage.
But,
this
technique
has
comple
xity
disadv
antages
since
mm-W
a
v
e
de
vices
are
still
uncommon
and
require
additional
configuration
to
w
ork
together
with
sub-6
GHz
netw
orks.
This
paper
proposes
lo
w-correlation
MIMO
antenna
decoupling
on
5G
ne
w
radio
(5G-NR)
Band
N77
using
three
sectors
and
dual-polarized
configuration.
It
combines
s
ectorization
and
dual-polarized
techniques.
These
tw
o
techniques
are
combined
to
pro
vide
lo
w
correlation
and
di
viding
the
cells.
Sectorization
is
used
for
space
di
v
ersity
on
each
side
and
dual-polarized
is
us
ed
for
polarization
di
v
ersity
.
The
antenna
is
designed
and
e
v
aluated
by
coupling,
correlation,
and
BER
performance.
The
rest
if
this
paper
is
or
g
anized
as
follo
ws.
Antenna
design
is
presente
d
in
secti
on
2
started
from
single
antenna
to
three-sectors
dual-
po
l
arized
antenna.
Simulation
model
is
e
xplained
in
section
3
Results
are
presented
and
discussed
in
section
4
and
then,
the
conclusion
is
presented
in
section
5.
2.
ANTENN
A
DESIGN
Antenna
is
designed
in
step
by
step
basis
from
single
antenna
to
3-sectors
dual-polarized
MIMO
antenna.
Single
antenna
is
used
as
a
basic
model.
And
then
this
design
is
e
xtended
to
four
-elements
MIMO
dual-polarized
antenna
in
a
plane.
This
4-elements
antenna
is
then
e
xtended
to
3-sectors
dual-polarized
MIMO
antenna.
2.1.
Single
Antenna
Circular
patch
microstrip
antenna
is
selected
as
a
basic
model
of
single
antenna.
This
type
is
chosen
due
to
its
simplicity
.
Basically
,
circular
patch
mictrostrip
antennas
ha
v
e
unidirectional
radiation
patterns,
which
can
be
suitable
for
each
sector
of
sectoral
antennas.
Some
dimensional
parameters
can
be
set
to
obtain
the
best
performance
of
the
antenna.
This
single
antenna
should
be
well
designed
because
of
its
role
as
a
basis
for
a
full
MIMO
antenna.
Rogers
R
T
-5880
is
used
as
antenna’
s
material
with
thickness
h
=
1
:
6
mm.
This
material
has
relati
v
e
permitti
vity
r
=
2
:
2
and
superior
performance
compared
to
FR-4,
which
is
suitable
for
ultra
wide
band
(UWB)
abo
v
e
3
GHz
[32-34].
Material
characteristics
of
R
T
-5880
allo
ws
antenna’
s
dimension
to
lo
wer
manuf
acturing
error
and
high
po
wer
capability
.
This
material
then
designed
to
obtain
the
requirement
of
a
single
antenna
in
T
able
1.
T
able
1.
Single
antenna
specification
Material
:
Rogers
R
T
-5880
Relati
v
e
Permitti
vity
:
2.2
Substrate’
s
Thickness
:
1.6
mm
Conductor
:
Copper
Conductor’
s
Thickness
:
35
m
Frequenc
y
Range
(5G
N77)
:
3.3-4.2
GHz
Maximum
Return
Loss
:
-10
dB
Radiation
P
attern
T
ype
:
Unidirectional
Basically
,
the
single
antenna
design
is
started
from
a
simple
circul
ar
disk
microstrip
antenna.
The
antenna
has
circular
shaped
disk
with
radius
[35-37]:
r
=
F
q
1
+
2
h
r
F
ln
F
2
h
+
1
:
7726
(1)
where
F
=
8
:
791
10
9
f
p
r
:
(2)
h
is
substrate’
s
height/depth,
f
is
resonant
frequenc
y
,
and
r
is
substrate’
s
relati
v
e
permitti
vity
.
The
antenna
is
fed
with
microstrip
line
with
width
formulated
in
[38].
F
ormula
in
(1)
didn’
t
count
fringing
ef
fect
and
other
ne
glected
f
actors.
It
means
that
the
optim
ization
is
needed.
Antenna’
s
ground
has
been
cut
to
pro
vide
wider
bandwidth.
By
cutting
the
ground
at
certain
section,
impedance
become
wider
and
antenna’
s
main
lobe
become
smaller
.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci,
V
ol.
21,
No.
3,
March
2021
:
1611
–
1621
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci
ISSN:
2502-4752
r
1613
a)
b)
c)
Figure
1.
Single
antenna:
(a)
3D
vie
w
,
(b)
Front
vie
w
,
(c)
Back
vie
w
Optimized
single
antenna
is
sho
wn
in
Figure
1.
Disk
radius
r
is
14
mm,
feed’
s
width
w
f
is
3
mm,
ground
plane’
s
length
g
is
10
mm,
and
single
antenna’
s
plane
s
is
50
mm.
Figure
2.
Return
loss
of
single
antenna
a)
b)
c)
Figure
3.
Radiation
pattern
of
single
antenna:
(a)
3D,
(b)
Azimuth,
(c)
Ele
v
ation
Requirement
on
T
able
1
must
been
met
by
the
single
antenna
designed.
Obtained
port
reflec
tion
coef
ficient
is
sho
wn
in
Figure
2.
The
antenna
w
orks
between
3.06
GHz
and
5.08
GHz
with
return
loss
belo
w
-10
dB
[36]
and
2.08
GHz
bandwidth.
It
means
that
frequenc
y
range
or
bandwidth
requirement
has
been
met.
Obtained
radiation
pattern
is
sho
wn
in
Figure
3.
It
has
been
sho
wn
that
the
antenna
has
unidirectional
radiation
pattern
with
2.921
dBi
g
ain
at
3.7
GHz
with
-0.01686
dB
radiation
ef
ficienc
y
.
It
means
that
radiation
pattern
requirement
has
been
met.
2.2.
Dual
P
olarized
Antenna
Antenna
from
section
2.1.
is
the
basic
for
dual
polarized
antenna
design.
The
single
antenna
is
dupli-
cated
then
arranged
with
dual
polarized
configuration
as
seen
in
Figure
4.
Neighboring
antennas
ha
v
e
dif
ferent
orthogonal
polarization.
Crossing
antennas
ha
v
e
same
polarizat
ion
with
dif
ferent
direction
of
feeding.
This
configuration
is
made
to
reduce
coupling
and
correlation
between
antennas
[20-23,
16-18].
Sector
al
dual-polarized
MIMO
antenna
for
5G-NR
band
N77
base
station
(M.
Muhsin)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1614
r
ISSN:
2502-4752
Figure
4.
Dual
polarized
antenna
2.3.
Thr
ee
Sectors
Antenna
Dual
polarized
antenna
in
section
2.2.
then
e
xtended
into
three-sectors
MIMO
antenna.
Each
sector
is
composed
from
one
dual-polarized
antenna
with
sector
radius
r
c
=
50
mm.
Each
sector
serv
es
users
or
subscribers
in
respecti
v
e
sectors.
Three
sectors
are
made
based
on
con
v
entional
sectoral
antennas
for
mobile
communications
(Figure
5).
a)
b)
Figure
5.
3
Sectors
antenna:
(a)
3D
vie
w
,
(b)
Upper
vie
w
3.
SIMULA
TION
MODEL
In
this
section,
a
simulation
model
of
the
system
using
designed
antennas
is
e
xplained.
Simulation
is
used
to
demonstrate
MIMO
antenna’
s
performance
in
the
communication
systems.
The
simulat
ion
in
v
olv
es
correlation
between
antennas
as
one
of
i
n
put
parameters.
Result
of
the
simulation
is
BER
performance
com-
pared
to
ideal
non-correlated
MIMO
antennas.
Quasi-Orthogonal
space-time
block
codes
(QOSTBC)
is
used
as
MIMO
coding
with
a
coding
rate
of
R
=
1
.
And
then
QOSTBC
is
implemented
i
n
a
correlated
MIMO
channel.
T
o
simplify
the
simulation,
equi
v
alent
virtual
channel
matrix
(EVCM)
is
used
in
the
system’
s
simulation.
3.1.
Quasi-Orthogonal
Space-T
ime
Block
Codes
QOSTBC
of
fers
full
rate
space-time
block
codes
for
high
number
of
antennas
[39-42].
Basic
QOSTBC
uses
an
e
xtension
of
Alamouti
Space-T
ime
Block
Codes
(STBC).
If
Alamouti
coded
signal
of
x
1
and
x
2
is:
A
=
C
2
2
(
x
1
;
x
2
)
=
x
1
x
2
x
2
x
1
(3)
and
Alamouti
coded
signal
of
x
3
and
x
4
is
B
=
C
2
2
(
x
3
;
x
4
)
=
x
3
x
4
x
4
x
3
;
(4)
Extended
Alamouti
Quasi-Orthogonal
Space-T
ime
Block
Codes
(EA-QOSTBC)
of
x
1
,
x
2
,
x
3
,
and
x
4
is
C
4
4
(
x
1
;
x
2
;
x
3
;
x
4
)
=
A
B
B
A
:
(5)
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci,
V
ol.
21,
No.
3,
March
2021
:
1611
–
1621
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci
ISSN:
2502-4752
r
1615
By
substituting
(3)
and
(4)
to
(5),
C
4
4
(
x
1
;
x
2
;
x
3
;
x
4
)
=
0
B
B
@
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
x
2
x
1
x
4
x
3
x
3
x
4
x
1
x
2
x
4
x
3
x
2
x
1
1
C
C
A
:
(6)
EA-QOSTBC
in
(6)
has
full
rate
characteristics
with
orthogonality
of
3
=
4
.
3.2.
Corr
elated
MIMO
channel
Figure
6.
MIMO
4
1
systems
using
QOSTBC
4
4
with
QPSK
modulation
Simulation
system
in
this
paper
is
sho
wn
in
Figure
6.
In
an
ideal
situation,
the
channel
H
is
inde-
pendent
for
each
corresponding
transmit
and
recei
v
e
antennas.
Independent
or
uncorrelated
channels
pro
vide
maximum
di
v
ersity
in
the
systems.
Recei
v
ed
signal
of
the
MIMO
channel
is
e
xpressed
as
[43,
44]:
y
=
H
x
+
n
(7)
with
H
is
N
r
N
t
channel
matrix,
x
is
transmitted
signal,
and
n
is
additi
v
e
white
Gaussian
noise
(A
WGN).
Number
of
transmit
and
recei
v
e
antennas
are
N
t
and
N
r
,
respecti
v
ely
.
In
this
research,
MIMO
channel
matrix
is:
H
=
h
1
h
2
h
3
h
4
:
(8)
Independent
or
orthogonal
characteristics
in
(8)
is
defined
by
H
and
x
.
MIMO
channel
matrix
H
should
be
independent
of
each
other
which
means
each
signal
propag
ates
through
an
i
n
de
p
e
nd
e
nt
channel.
MIMO
encoded
transmit
signal
x
should
be
generated
by
orthogonal
MIMO
coding.
Correlated
MIMO
channel
is
modeled
using
Kroneck
er
model
as
[45]:
H
=
R
1
2
r
H
i.i.d
R
1
2
t
(9)
with
R
r
is
recei
v
er’
s
c
o
r
relation
matrix,
H
i.i.d
is
independent
and
identically
distrib
uted
(i.i.d)
channel
ma-
trix,
and
R
is
transmitter’
s
correlation
matrix.
Both
R
t
and
R
r
are
equi
v
alently
dependent
on
the
antenna’
s
parameter
.
In
this
research,
N
r
=
1
because
there
is
only
one
recei
v
e
antenna.
3.3.
Equi
v
alent
V
irtual
Channel
Matrix
EVCM
is
used
to
simplify
the
MIMO
system
model.
It
w
orks
by
transforming
coded
transm
itted
signals
to
the
channel
[18].
Assuming
quasi-static
flat-f
ading
channel,
N
t
1
can
be
simplified
with
recei
v
e
signal
v
ector
[46]:
y
eq
=
C
h
x
+
v
(10)
with
C
h
is
N
c
N
t
STBC
coded
channel
matrix
of
h
,
x
is
transmit
signal,
v
is
equi
v
alent
A
WGN,
and
N
c
is
length
of
MIMO
coding.
Coded
channel
matrix
is
e
xpressed
as:
h
=
h
1
h
2
h
3
h
N
c
T
(11)
and
transmit
signal
is
e
xpressed
as:
x
=
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
N
t
T
:
(12)
Sector
al
dual-polarized
MIMO
antenna
for
5G-NR
band
N77
base
station
(M.
Muhsin)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1616
r
ISSN:
2502-4752
4.
RESUL
TS
AND
DISCUSSION
4.1.
Coupling
In
an
array
antenna,
input
from
an
antenna
will
af
fect
output
of
another
antenna.
This
parameter
is
described
by
coupling.
If
the
antenna
is
inde
x
ed
by
i
and
j
,
output
of
antenna
i
from
input
of
antenna
j
is
s
i;j
where
i
6
=
j
.
F
or
antenna
in
Figure
5
the
coupling
matrix
is:
S
=
0
B
B
B
B
B
@
s
1
;
1
s
1
;
2
s
1
;
3
s
1
;
12
s
2
;
1
s
2
;
2
s
2
;
3
s
2
;
12
s
3
;
1
s
3
;
2
s
3
;
3
s
3
;
12
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
s
12
;
1
s
12
;
2
s
12
;
3
s
12
;
12
1
C
C
C
C
C
A
(13)
where
s
i;j
with
i
=
j
is
return
loss
of
antenna
i
=
j
.
Ideal
v
alue
of
S
is
for
all
s
i;j
.
In
this
case,
there
are
66
pairs
of
s
ij
because
there
are
66
S
ij
where
i
6
=
j
.
Figure
7.
Coupling
between
antenna
2
and
4
Maximum
coupling
from
frequenc
y
3
:
3
4
:
2
GHz
is
16
:
90
dB
between
antenna
2
and
4
at
3.376
GHz.
Maximum
coupling
at
3.7
GHz
is
17
dB
between
antenna
2
and
4
.
s
1
;
4
is
sho
wn
in
Figure
7.
Coupling
between
antenna
2
and
4
is
relati
v
ely
higher
due
to
opposite
feeding.
Same
v
alues
are
pairs
(6
;
8)
and
(10
;
12)
.
These
v
alues
are
then
e
v
aluated
by
ECC
in
section
4.3.
4.2.
Band
width
Return
loss
can
be
used
to
define
bandwidth
with
the
definition
that
the
antenna
w
orks
with
m
aximum
return
loss
of
10
-dB.
Based
on
(13),
non
diagonal
elements
of
S
represent
coupling
and
dia
go
na
l
elements
of
S
represent
return
loss.
Because
of
coupling,
i
t
also
has
an
impact
on
antenna’
s
return
loss.
Final
12
antennas
in
3
sectors
in
section
2.3.
ha
v
e
dif
ferent
bandwidth
compared
to
single
antennas
in
section
2.1.
Return
loss
of
3
sectors
antenna
in
section
2.3.
has
been
sho
wn
in
Figure
8.
Limiting
return
loss
from
antenna
1
and
12
determined
o
v
erall
bandwidth.
Antenna
1
has
the
highest
lo
wer
threshold
at
3
:
02
GHz
and
antenna
2
has
the
lo
west
upper
threshold
at
4
:
89
GHz.
The
antenna
has
1.87
GHz
bandwidth
based
on
the
return
loss
threshold
10
dB.
Bandwidth
of
the
antenna
is
decreased
d
ue
to
the
antenna’
s
coupling.
It
is
us
u
a
lly
happen
on
MIMO
array
antenna.
The
designed
antenna
should
ha
v
e
a
minimum
bandwidth
of
900
MHz
with
w
orking
frequenc
y
between
3
:
3
4
:
2
GHz.
Antenna
reaches
a
bandwi
d
t
h
of
1.87
GHz
with
w
orking
frequenc
y
between
3
:
02
4
:
89
GHz.
Based
on
these
v
alues,
the
antenna
can
w
ork
on
the
required
frequenc
y
and
meet
the
requirement.
4.3.
Corr
elation
Ideal
MIMO
antenna
has
no
correlation
between
its
elements.
But,
in
reality
,
there
are
correl
ations.
This
correlation
is
usually
measured
using
en
v
elope
correl
ation
coef
ficient
(ECC).
ECC
is
defined
by
analyzing
antennas’
radiation
patt
ern
and
polarization
in
spherical
coordinates.
ECC
between
antenna
1
and
2
is
defined
as
[47]:
e
(1
;
2)
=
R
R
F
1
F
2
d
2
R
R
F
2
1
d
R
R
F
2
2
d
(14)
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci,
V
ol.
21,
No.
3,
March
2021
:
1611
–
1621
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci
ISSN:
2502-4752
r
1617
Figure
8.
Port
reflection
coef
ficient
of
antenna
1
and
12
where
F
1
and
F
2
is
comple
x
radiation
pattern
of
antenna
1
and
antenna
2
,
respecti
v
ely
.
is
azimuth
and
ele
v
ation
orientation
of
the
antenna.
ECC
in
(14)
is
v
ery
comple
x
and
hard
to
analyze.
F
or
high
ef
ficienc
y
antennas,
ECC
between
antenna
1
and
2
can
be
approached
from
isolation
or
coupling
parameter
as
[48]:
1
;
2
=
s
1
;
1
s
1
;
2
+
s
2
;
1
s
2
;
2
2
1
j
s
1
;
1
j
2
+
j
s
2
;
1
j
2
1
j
s
j
j
j
2
+
j
s
1
;
2
j
2
:
(15)
Non-correlated
antenna
pairs
ha
v
e
ECC
of
0
and
fully
correlated
antenna
pairs
ha
v
e
ECC
of
1
.
V
alue
of
ECC
has
a
relation
with
di
v
ersity
g
ain.
Di
v
ersity
g
ain
is:
G
di
v
(1
;
2)
=
10
q
1
j
en
v(1,2)
j
(16)
Based
on
(16),
smaller
ECC
means
better
di
v
ersity
.
There
is
a
requirement
of
ECC
0
:
5
for
a
minimum
ef
fecti
v
e
di
v
ersity
system.
ECC
comparison
of
single
polarized
and
dual
polarized
antenna
is
sho
wn
in
Figure
9.
It
has
been
seen
that
dual
polarized
antenna
has
been
pro
v
en
pro
viding
lo
wer
correlation
compared
to
single
polarized
antenna.
These
characteristics
are
due
to
polarization
di
v
ersity
in
dual
pol
arized
antennas
which
neighboring
antennas
ha
v
e
dif
ferent
orthogonal
polarization.
a)
b)
Figure
9.
ECC
of
the:
(a)
Single
polarized
antenna,
(b)
Dual
polarized
antenna.
In
the
final
designed
antenna,
there
are
66
pairs
of
ECC.
Antenna
1
has
symmetry
with
odd
numbered
antennas
and
antenna
2
has
symmetry
with
e
v
en
numbered
antennas.
Considering
symmetry
of
the
designed
antenna,
ECC
of
antenna
1
with
antenna
2
;
3
;
:::;
12
and
antenna
2
with
antenna
3
;
4
;
:::;
12
are
enough
to
represent
all
66
pairs.
ECC
pairs
from
antenna
1
and
2
are
sho
wn
in
Figure
10.
Correlations
in
operation
frequenc
y
3
:
3
4
:
2
GHz
are
belo
w
10
2
.
This
correlation
v
alue
is
v
ery
lo
w
belo
w
the
requirement
of
ECC
Based
on
t
he
ECC
requirement
of
0
:
5
.
It
means
that
the
antenna
can
pro
vide
performance
close
to
non-
correlated
MIMO
Antenna.
These
correlations
are
then
e
v
aluated
in
section
4.4.
by
using
computer
simulation
of
point-to-point
communication
systems.
Sector
al
dual-polarized
MIMO
antenna
for
5G-NR
band
N77
base
station
(M.
Muhsin)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1618
r
ISSN:
2502-4752
a)
b)
Figure
10.
ECC
of
the
final
antenna:
(a)
P
airs
of
(1
;
j
)
,
(b)
P
airs
of
(2
;
j
)
4.4.
P
erf
ormance
of
4
x
1
System
The
antenna
tested
in
4
1
MIMO
system
in
Figure
6.
Each
sector
with
120
angle
is
serv
ed
by
4
antennas
in
a
single
sector
.
The
simulation
used
quadrature
phase
shift
k
e
ying
(QPSK)
and
4
4
QOSTBC
as
in
section
3.1.
Correlation
as
in
section
4.3.
is
used
based
on
correlated
MIMO
channels
in
section
3.2.
and
EVCM
in
section
3.3.
Figure
11.
BER
performances
of
the
proposed
antenna
compared
to
ideal
dully
independent
antenna
and
theoretical
BER
using
MRC
Performance
of
the
antenna
is
close
to
di
v
ersity
order
of
3.
Theoritically
,
4
transmit
MIMO
antenna
with
1
recei
v
e
antenna
has
performance
on
di
v
ersity
order
of
4.
Reference
BER
for
di
v
ersity
order
M
is
[49,
50]:
P
b
=
1
2
M
M
1
X
m
=0
M
1
+
m
m
1
+
2
m
(17)
with
=
s
SNR
2
M
+
SNR
:
(18)
where
SNR
is
a
v
erage
signal
to
noise
ratio.
BER
performance
of
the
antenna
in
Figure
11
didn’
t
reach
a
di
v
ersity
order
of
4
due
to
non-orthogonal
STBC
used.
4
4
QOSTBC
has
an
orthogonality
rate
of
3
=
4
.
It
is
sho
wn
in
Figure
11
that
the
BER
of
the
antenna
is
v
ery
close
to
a
fully
independent
antenna
as
reference.
It
confirmed
that
correlation
in
section
4.3.
has
v
ery
close
performance
to
ideal
antennas
due
to
v
ery
lo
w
correlation.
It
also
confirmed
that
the
designed
antenna
has
v
ery
good
performance
which
is
pro
v
en
by
its
BER
performance,
although
non-optimum
di
v
ersity
order
reached
due
to
non-fully-orthogonal
STBC.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci,
V
ol.
21,
No.
3,
March
2021
:
1611
–
1621
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci
ISSN:
2502-4752
r
1619
5.
CONCLUSION
Three-sectors
dual-polarized
antenna
for
5G-NR
N77
has
been
proposed.
The
designed
antenna
has
been
e
v
aluated
by
its
coupling,
bandwidth,
correlation,
and
BER
performance
on
4
1
MIMO
systems.
The
antenna
has
a
bandwidth
of
1
:
87
GHz
with
w
orking
frequenc
y
between
3
:
02
GHz
and
4
:
89
GHz.
Dual-cross
polarization
is
used
to
minimize
coupling
in
a
single
sector
with
maximum
coupling
of
16
:
90
dB
at
3
:
376
GHz
between
antenna
2
.
V
ery
lo
w
coupling
leads
to
v
ery
lo
w
correlation
between
antennas.
BER
performance
of
the
antenna
is
v
ery
close
to
fully
independent
antenna
using
4
4
QOSTBC.
Achie
v
ed
di
v
ersity
order
using
QOSTBC
is
close
to
3
due
to
non-orthogonal
MIMO
coding.
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