TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.5, May 2014, pp
. 3754 ~ 37
6
0
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomni
ka.v12i5.5101
3754
Re
cei
v
ed
No
vem
ber 1
1
, 2013; Re
vi
sed
De
cem
ber 2
6
,
2013; Accep
t
ed Jan
uary 9
,
2014
Voltage Deviation in Breaker-testing Station Study
Using ADPSS
Zhenan Z
h
a
ng, Hua Wan
g
, Qionglin Li, Xiaomeng
Li*
Hen
an Electric
Po
w
e
r R
e
sear
ch Institute, Z
hengz
ho
u cit
y
,
Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: xmli
97@
12
6.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
W
i
th
the
fast deve
l
op
ment o
f
Chi
na pow
er grid,
more an
d
more
pow
er
s
ystem dev
ices such as
break
ers ar
e
a
ppli
ed.
Break
er
testing
a
l
so
be
comes v
e
ry
i
m
portant. At th
e
same ti
me th
e
testing
proc
ed
ur
e
w
ill cause volt
age d
e
viati
on
arou
nd t
he br
eaker-testi
ng s
t
ation. Big volt
age d
e
viati
on
can make sev
e
re
dam
a
ge for the power custom
ers.
Bas
ed on the power system
sim
u
la
tion software ADPSS developed by
Chin
a E
l
ectric
Pow
e
r Res
e
a
r
ch Institute (
C
EPRI), this p
aper
bu
ilt u
p
t
he si
mul
a
tion
mo
de
l us
ing
th
e
electro
m
echa
ni
cal-el
ectro
m
a
g
netic tra
n
sie
n
t hybri
d
meth
o
d
, an
d si
mu
lat
ed th
e vo
ltag
e dev
iati
on
in
a
Hen
an br
eaker
-testing statio
n
.
T
he simu
lati
o
n
results
sh
ow
ed that w
i
th the hig
her
testin
g break
er curr
ent
level, b
i
g
ger vo
ltage
devi
a
tio
n
is cause
d
. F
i
na
lly this
p
a
p
e
r sugg
ested a tes
t
ing br
eaker c
u
rrent leve
l for t
h
e
break
er-testing
station w
i
th
Pow
e
r Quality Criteria.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
power system
,
voltage
dev
iation, ADPSS, electrom
echanic
a
l-electrom
agnetic transient hybrid
simulation
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Brea
kers
are
widely u
s
e
d
i
n
po
we
r
syst
em. To
en
sure the
bre
a
ker quality, testi
ng of th
e
power
bre
a
ke
rs i
s
n
eed
ed.
At the sam
e
time,
the testi
ng p
r
o
c
ed
ure
will
cau
s
e vo
ltage deviatio
n
arou
nd th
e b
r
ea
ke
r-te
s
ting
station. Big
volt
age d
e
viation
can
m
a
ke
severe
damag
e fo
r the
power
cu
sto
m
ers [1, 2]. Thus
du
rin
g
the plan
ni
ng of the b
r
eaker-tes
tin
g
station, like
th
e
sele
ction
of
common
coupl
ing p
o
int (CCP), the ev
al
u
a
tion of volta
ge d
e
viation i
s
imp
o
rta
n
t [3,
4].
In Henan, a 420V-level breake
r-testing
station will be
built in
the southeast part of urban
area. T
he
CCP of the bre
a
k
er-te
s
ting
station is
sel
e
cted at the 10
kV level of th
e nea
rby 11
0
k
V
publi
c
su
bsta
tion. The 11
0kV pu
blic
substatio
n
is
con
n
e
c
ted wi
th the uppe
r 220kV p
ubli
c
sub
s
tation vi
a two 11
0kV transmi
ssi
on line
s
.
Th
e power
system geog
rap
h
ical
con
n
e
c
tion
diagram is
shown in Figu
re 1. So it is nece
s
sa
ry to model the
brea
ke
r-t
e
s
tin
g
station a
n
d
its
surro
undi
ng a
r
ea, and eval
uate the voltage
deviation whe
n
testing the
brea
ke
rs.
Figure 1. The
Power Syste
m
Geog
rap
h
i
c
al Conn
ectio
n
Diag
ram
2. Simulation En
v
i
roment and Cri
t
eri
a
In this pape
r the modelin
g and si
mula
tion work i
s
done
with Advance
d
Digit
a
l Powe
r
System Simulator (A
DPSS) dev
eloped
by CEPRI. ADPSS is based on
high
perform
a
nce P
C
-
clu
s
ter usi
ng multi-no
de structure
a
nd
p
a
rallel
co
mp
u
t
ation tech
niq
ue [5, 6]. It is a po
we
rful to
ol
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Voltage Devi
ation in Breaker-testing St
ation Study Using ADPSS (Zhenan Zhang)
3755
for elect
r
ome
c
ha
nical-el
ect
r
oma
gneti
c
transi
ent hy
bri
d
simulatio
n
of large scal
e power sy
ste
m
up to 10
000
buses [7]. Wi
th the incre
a
s
ing
com
put
e
r
technolo
g
y, the ele
c
trom
agneti
c
tran
si
ent
hybrid
simul
a
tion is
wid
e
l
y used i
n
p
o
we
r
system
analysi
s
[8,
9]. This p
a
per
built up
the
simulatio
n
m
odel fo
r the
b
r
ea
ke
r-te
s
ting
station
an
d it
s
surro
undi
ng
are
a
in
ADP
SS. Simulation
diagram is
sh
own in Fi
gure
2. The bre
a
ker-te
s
ti
ng
station and 1
1
0
k
V public
sub
s
tation is built in
electroma
gne
tic simul
a
tion
environm
ent, sho
w
n in the
squa
re bl
ock. The Hen
an
220
kV and u
p
power g
r
id is
built in electromechani
cal
simulati
o
n
en
vironme
n
t wh
ich is o
u
tsid
e of the block.
Figure 2. Simulation Di
agram fo
r the Breaker-testin
g
Station
The inte
rface
betwe
en the
electrome
c
h
a
n
ical
and ele
c
trom
agn
etic parts
is at
the
110
kV
output of the
220
kV up
per
sub
s
tation, a
s
sho
w
n i
n
th
e Figu
re
2. Detailed
simul
a
tion dia
g
ram
is
in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Det
a
iled Simulati
on Dia
g
ra
m for Brea
ke
r-te
s
ting Station
Acco
rdi
ng to
Chin
a nation
a
l crite
r
ia
“Po
w
er
quality –
Deviation
of supply voltage
” (GB/T
1232
5-2
008
)
[10, 11], for t
he 20
kV a
nd
lowe
r voltag
e
level the volt
age d
e
viation
com
pared
wi
th
the stand
ard
voltage sh
oul
d be within ±7%. The voltage deviation
equatio
n is:
ta
n
ta
n
(%)
1
00%
me
asur
e
s
dar
d
s
dard
VV
VD
V
(1)
Whe
r
e
m
e
asure
V
is the measu
r
e
d
voltage,
ta
n
s
da
rd
V
is the stand
ard volt
age.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3754 – 37
60
3756
3. Simulation Parameters
The
simul
a
tion u
s
e
s
201
4 Hena
n 2
2
0
kV a
nd
up
po
wer g
r
id
as
ele
c
trom
e
c
ha
nical
simulatio
n
en
vironme
n
t. The 110
kV pu
blic su
bstatio
n
transfo
rme
r
s’ paramete
r
s are
sho
w
n
in
Table 1.
Table 1. 110
kV Public Sub
s
tation #1 a
n
d
#2 Tra
n
sfo
r
mers’ Param
e
ters
Transform
er MV
A
40MVA
Winding ratio
110kV/10kV
Y
G
/
D
Short-circuit loss
158kW
Shor
t-circuit voltage (%
)
14.7%
No-load loss
28.8kW
No-load circuit (
%
)
0.12%
The brea
ker-testing statio
n is con
n
e
c
ted
at the #1 transfo
rme
r
of the 110kV
publi
c
sub
s
tation,
a
s
sho
w
n
in
Figure 3. T
h
e brea
ke
r-t
e
s
ting statio
n,
whi
c
h
simul
a
tion structu
r
e
is
sho
w
n in Fi
gure 4, con
s
ists of 10
kV distribut
io
n line, 10kV/42
0V sho
r
t-ci
rcuit transfo
rm
er,
curre
n
t-limitin
g re
sisto
r
, and
sho
r
t-circuit faul
t po
int. The 10
kV sh
ort-ci
rcuit transfo
rm
er’
para
m
eters a
r
e sh
own in T
able 2.
Figure 4. Bre
a
ke
r-te
s
ting
Station Simulation Structu
r
e
Table 2. 10
kV Short-ci
rcui
t Transfo
rme
r
’s Param
e
ters
Transform
er MV
A
30MVA
Winding ratio
10kV/420V
Y
G
/
D
Short-circuit loss
68kW
Shor
t-circuit voltage (%
)
7.5%
No-load loss
15kW
No-load circuit (
%
)
0.12%
The
sho
r
t ci
rcuit te
sting
pro
c
ed
ure is done
usi
n
g
three
-
ph
ase
to gro
und f
ault. By
cha
ngin
g
the cu
rre
nt-lim
iting re
sisto
r
, different
sh
ort-circuit cu
rre
nt level and ca
pa
city is
obtaine
d. During the
sim
u
l
a
tion the
com
m
on
cou
p
ling
point
(CCP),
10
kV
side
voltage
deviati
on
of the 110kV
#1 tran
sform
e
r is
che
c
ked
.
4. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
The si
mulatio
n
run
n
ing tim
e
is 2
se
con
d
s. At one
seco
nd the th
ree
-
ph
ase to grou
nd
fault is applie
d. The fault lasts for 0.5
s
. T
w
o shor
t
-
ci
rcuit current lev
e
l: 50kA and
25kA, is te
ste
d
.
4.1. Short-cir
cuit Cur
r
en
t Lev
e
l
is 50kA
The
station’
s sh
ort-ci
rcuit
curre
n
t is sh
own
in
Figu
re 5. Its mag
n
itude i
s
0.5
1
in
p.u.,
whi
c
h in phy
sical unit is 5
0
k
A (RMS value). The calcul
ating equ
atio
n is:
/3
/
*
/
2
sc
sy
s
L
L
p
u
IS
U
I
(2)
Whe
r
e
s
ys
S
is sim
u
lation sy
ste
m
MVA rating
(100MVA),
L
L
U
is line to line RMS voltage (420V).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Voltage Devi
ation in Breaker-testing St
ation Study Using ADPSS (Zhenan Zhang)
3757
Figure 5. The
Station’s Short-circuit Cu
rrent du
ring th
e Test Pro
c
e
dure
(50
k
A)
The
com
m
on
co
uplin
g p
o
i
nt (CCP
), 1
0
kV
sid
e
vol
t
age
waveform of the
11
0kV
#1
transfo
rme
r
i
n
p.u. is
sho
w
n in Fi
gure
6, the
amplifi
ed voltage d
e
viation waveform i
s
sho
w
n in
Figure 7.
Figure 6. 110
kV #1 Tran
sforme
r’s 1
0
kV
Side Vo
ltage
Waveform
(p
.u.) when Sh
ort-circuit
Current is
50k
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3754 – 37
60
3758
Figure 7. Amplified Voltag
e Deviation
Wave
fo
rm wh
en Short-ci
rcuit Current is
50kA
From Fi
gure 7 whe
n
short
-
circuit current
is
50
kA, the CCP voltag
e deviation pe
rcenta
g
e
cal
c
ulate
d
by
Eq. 1 i
s
(0.8
4-0.66
)/0.84*
100%=21%
.
This
re
sult
s b
e
yond the
lim
it of the natio
nal
crite
r
ia (GB/T 12325
-20
0
8
)
. So the 50kA shor
t
-
ci
rcuit curre
n
t level can’t be a
c
ce
pted.
4.2. Short-cir
cuit curr
ent l
e
v
e
l is 25kA
The
station’
s sh
ort-ci
rcuit
curre
n
t is sh
own
in
Figu
re 8. Its mag
n
itude i
s
0.2
6
in
p.u.,
whi
c
h in phy
sical unit is 2
5
k
A (RMS value) by Equatio
n (2).
Figure 8. The
Station’s Short-circuit Cu
rrent du
ring th
e Test Pro
c
e
dure
(25
k
A)
The
com
m
on
co
uplin
g p
o
i
nt (CCP
), 1
0
kV
sid
e
vol
t
age
waveform of the
11
0kV
#1
transfo
rme
r
i
n
p.u. is
sho
w
n in Fi
gure
9, the
amplifi
ed voltage d
e
viation waveform i
s
sho
w
n in
Fig ure 1
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Voltage Devi
ation in Breaker-testing St
ation Study Using ADPSS (Zhenan Zhang)
3759
Figure 9. 110
kV #1 Tran
sforme
r’s 1
0
kV
Side Vo
ltage
Waveform
(p
.u.) when Sh
ort-circuit
Current is
25k
A
Figure 10. Amplified Volta
ge Deviatio
n Wave
fo
rm wh
en Short-ci
rcuit Current is
25kA
From Fi
gure
10 when
sho
r
t-circuit
curre
n
t is 2
5
kA, the CCP voltage
deviation
percenta
ge calcul
ated by Equation (1
)
i
s
(0.84
-
0.79
)/
0.84*10
0%=6
.0%. Comp
ared
with Fi
gure.
5-7, th
ese
re
sults satisfy t
he limit
of the
nation
a
l crite
r
ia (GB/T 123
25-2
008
).
So
the
25
kA sh
o
r
t-
circuit cu
rrent
level can be
accepte
d
.
5. Conclusio
n
With the
brea
kers
wid
e
ly u
s
ed
in p
o
wer
syst
em te
stin
g of the
po
we
r b
r
ea
ke
rs is
need
ed.
The te
sting
pro
c
ed
ure
wi
ll ca
use volt
age
deviati
o
n
a
r
oun
d th
e b
r
ea
ke
r-te
s
ting
station.
Big
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3754 – 37
60
3760
voltage devia
tion can m
a
ke seve
re da
mage for
th
e
powe
r
custo
m
ers. Base
d
on the po
wer
s
y
s
t
em
s
i
mulation s
o
ftware ADPSS developed by
China Elec
t
r
ic
Power Res
e
arc
h
Ins
t
itute
(CEPRI
)
, this pap
er
built u
p
the
evaluati
on mo
del usi
ng
the
ele
c
tromechani
cal
-
electroma
gne
tic
transi
ent hybrid method, an
d simulate
d the volt
age de
viation in a Henan b
r
ea
ke
r-testing
statio
n.
The si
mulatio
n
re
sults
sh
o
w
ed th
at with
the high
er te
sting b
r
ea
ke
r curre
n
t level
,
bigger volta
ge
deviation i
s
caused. Fin
a
lly this
pa
per
sugge
sted
a te
sting b
r
e
a
ker
curre
n
t level f
o
r the
brea
ke
r-
testing statio
n with Powe
r
Quality Crite
r
i
a
.
Referen
ces
[1]
T
ao Shun, Xi
a
o
Xian
gn
ing, L
i
u
Xia
o
ju
an.
Study on
distrib
u
tion re
lia
bil
i
ty
consid
erin
g v
o
ltag
e sags
.
Procee
din
g
s of
the Chin
ese S
o
ciet
y for Elec
t
r
ical En
gin
eeri
ng. 200
5; 25(2
1
): 63-69.
[2]
W
ang B
i
n, P
a
n Z
h
e
n
cu
n,
Xu
Bin
g
y
in.
Ana
l
ysi
s of v
o
lta
g
e
sags
in
distri
b
u
tion
s
y
stem.
Power System
T
e
chno
logy
. 2
004; 28(
2): 56-
59..
[3]
Li
W
e
i, Li
Y
u
c
hun, Li Xian
g
y
ang.
S
i
mul
a
tio
n
of effect
of b
r
eakers s
hort c
i
rcuit test o
n
s
ystem v
o
lta
ge.
Journ
a
l of Nort
h Chi
na Electri
c
Po
w
e
r Un
iver
sit
y
. 20
06; 33(
5): 25-28.
[4]
Z
hang W
e
i. T
he Electrom
ag
netic Interfere
n
ce
Mod
e
l An
al
ysis of the
Po
w
e
r S
w
itc
h
i
ng Dev
i
ces
.
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indon
esi
an Jou
r
nal of Electric
al Eng
i
ne
eri
n
g
.
2013; 1
1
(1): 1
67-1
72.
[5]
T
ang
Yong.
Present situati
o
n
and dev
el
o
p
m
ent of pow
er system si
mu
lati
on techn
o
l
ogi
e
s
.
Automation
of Electric Po
w
e
r S
y
stems. 20
02; 26(1
7
): 66-
70.
[6]
Chin
a
E
l
ectric Po
w
e
r Res
ear
ch
Institute.
T
e
chn
i
cal
Su
mmary
Re
port
o
n
Dev
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
of Adva
nced
Digita
l
Pow
e
r System Si
mu
la
tor.
2004.
[7]
F
ang T
i
an, C
h
eng
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