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Science
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
7
~
1
1
5
1
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SS
N:
2502
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4752
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DOI
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1
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an
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2
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.
Ma
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ar
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4
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[
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Fo
r
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w
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5
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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4752
I
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J
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Sci,
Vo
l
.
11
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
8
:
1
1
4
7
–
1
1
5
1
1148
A
lib
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Ma
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[
7
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Acc
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[
4
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th
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lib
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esp
ec
iall
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
en
tr
a
n
ce
o
f
b
ig
g
er
m
u
lti
n
atio
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l c
o
m
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an
ie
s
I
n
th
e
co
m
p
etiti
v
e
m
ar
k
et,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
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r
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
in
s
u
r
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ce
s
ec
to
r
is
b
ec
o
m
in
g
v
ital
i
n
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
1
0
]
,
s
in
ce
it
w
ill
lead
to
th
e
w
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o
le
s
ec
to
r
,
it
al
s
o
w
il
l
e
v
en
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u
all
y
led
g
r
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w
t
h
i
n
o
v
er
all
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
r
o
s
p
er
ity
[
1
1
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
1
2
]
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
i
n
s
u
r
a
n
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
m
o
s
tl
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
e
f
f
icie
n
t
f
r
o
n
tier
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
w
id
el
y
to
as
s
es
s
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
le
v
els
a
s
b
o
th
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
allo
w
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
i
n
p
u
t
s
an
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
r
o
m
a
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
i
n
s
tit
u
ti
o
n
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
ef
f
ici
en
c
y
f
r
o
n
tier
a
n
d
ev
a
lu
at
e
th
e
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
a
Dec
is
io
n
Ma
k
i
n
g
U
n
its
(
DM
Us)
r
elati
v
e
to
o
th
er
DM
Us
i
n
th
e
s
a
m
p
le.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
co
m
p
an
ies
u
s
i
n
g
DE
A
(
[
1
0
]
; [
1
3
]
; [
1
4
]
; [
1
5
]
an
d
[
1
6
]
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
atte
m
p
ts
to
e
v
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ca
l
in
s
u
r
an
ce
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia
f
o
r
th
e
y
ea
r
o
f
2
0
1
4
an
d
2
0
1
5
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
Data
E
n
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
An
al
y
s
i
s
(
DE
A
)
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
f
ir
m
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
ac
co
u
n
ti
n
g
d
ata
in
th
e
f
i
n
an
c
ial
s
tate
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
a
n
n
u
al
r
ep
o
r
t
co
m
p
an
ie
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
to
esti
m
ate
a
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
r
atio
o
f
w
ei
g
h
ted
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
m
p
an
y
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ch
o
ice
o
f
in
p
u
ts
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
p
la
y
a
m
aj
o
r
r
o
le
in
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
u
s
i
n
g
DE
A
.
Fo
r
th
e
in
p
u
ts
,
d
ata
w
er
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
t
h
r
ee
v
ar
iab
les
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
o
p
er
atio
n
ex
p
en
s
e
s
,
eq
u
it
y
ca
p
ital,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
t
h
r
ee
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
n
et
p
r
e
m
iu
m
,
n
et
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
en
t i
n
co
m
e,
an
d
n
et
i
n
cu
r
r
ed
as s
h
o
w
n
as
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
p
u
t a
n
d
O
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
le
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
at
lo
ca
l
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
co
m
p
an
ies
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
d
er
iv
ed
e
n
tire
l
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
a
n
n
u
al
r
ep
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
u
r
a
n
ce
co
m
p
an
ies
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
y
ea
r
2
0
1
4
an
d
2
0
1
5
.
A
to
tal
o
f
4
4
co
m
p
an
ies
w
er
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
f
r
o
m
L
ic
en
s
ed
I
n
s
u
r
an
ce
C
o
m
p
a
n
ies
&
T
ak
af
u
l
Op
er
ato
r
s
lis
t.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
l
y
2
6
L
o
ca
l
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
co
m
p
an
ie
s
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
T
h
e
co
llected
d
ata
a
n
al
y
ze
d
u
s
i
n
g
DE
A
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
"
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
Ver
s
io
n
"
(
DE
A
-
So
lv
er
-
L
V
v
er
s
io
n
8
)
to
ev
a
l
u
ate
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
Ma
la
y
s
ia
in
s
u
r
er
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
DE
A
is
a
d
et
er
m
in
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
DM
U,
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
co
m
p
an
y
.
Nex
t
s
tep
is
to
id
en
ti
f
y
v
ar
iab
le
(
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t)
an
d
s
elec
ti
n
g
a
m
o
d
e
l.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
i
x
v
ar
iab
le
f
o
r
i
n
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
also
ap
p
ly
in
g
t
h
e
C
C
R
m
o
d
el
(
C
r
a
n
es,
C
o
o
p
er
,
R
h
o
d
es)
o
u
tp
u
t
-
o
r
ien
tatio
n
th
at
ai
m
s
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
o
u
tp
u
t
u
s
in
g
a
s
e
t
o
f
in
p
u
t.
T
h
en
,
th
e
co
llected
d
ata
an
al
y
ze
d
u
s
i
n
g
DE
A
-
So
l
v
er
-
L
V
v
er
s
io
n
8
to
g
et
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
w
o
i
n
s
u
r
an
ce
co
m
p
an
ie
s
w
e
r
e
ex
clu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
2
6
s
elec
ted
lo
ca
l
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
co
m
p
a
n
ies
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
m
is
s
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
Dan
aj
am
in
Nas
io
n
al
B
h
d
an
d
Su
n
L
i
f
e
Ma
la
y
s
ia
T
ak
af
u
l
B
h
d
.
Data
w
er
e
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
n
n
u
al
r
ep
o
r
ts
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
co
m
p
an
ie
s
’
w
eb
s
ite
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
r
an
k
in
g
o
f
lo
ca
l
in
s
u
r
an
ce
co
m
p
an
ies
o
v
er
th
e
p
er
io
d
2
0
1
4
an
d
2
0
1
5
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
eig
h
t
co
m
p
a
n
ies
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
Am
Me
t
L
i
f
e
I
n
s
u
r
a
n
ce
B
h
d
,
Ho
n
g
L
e
o
n
g
Ass
u
r
an
ce
B
h
d
,
MCIS
I
n
s
u
r
a
n
ce
B
h
d
,
E
tiq
a
I
n
s
u
r
an
ce
B
h
d
,
E
tiq
a
T
ak
af
u
l
B
h
d
,
HSB
C
Am
an
a
h
T
ak
af
u
l
(
M)
B
h
d
,
MA
A
T
ak
af
u
l
B
h
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an
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P
r
u
d
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tial
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SN
T
ak
af
u
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B
h
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m
ai
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k
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i
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f
f
icien
c
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l
ev
el
o
v
er
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
2
0
1
4
an
d
2
0
1
5
.
Me
an
w
h
ile
,
f
i
v
e
co
m
p
an
ie
s
th
e
r
an
k
in
g
o
f
ef
f
icien
c
y
w
er
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
w
h
ich
ar
e
Su
n
L
if
e
Ma
la
y
s
ia
A
s
s
u
r
a
n
ce
B
h
d
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1
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1
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1
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an
k
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p
h
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sig
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ts/5
5
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il
e
[8
]
No
u
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i
M
,
De
v
a
d
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so
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ES
,
Kw
e
h
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Bu
sin
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c
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th
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a
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a
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v
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ti
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n
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f
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c
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o
f
th
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in
su
ra
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c
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c
o
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p
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.
T
o
tal
Qu
a
li
ty
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
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t
&
Bu
sin
e
ss
Ex
c
e
ll
e
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c
e
.
2
0
1
7
Ju
n
7
;2
8
(7
-
8
):8
7
9
-
96.
[9
]
T
h
e
S
tar
On
li
n
e
Ne
w
s.
In
su
re
rs
o
p
e
ra
ti
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g
a
t
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ig
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b
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a
ff
e
c
t
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Re
tri
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6
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f
ro
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//
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sp
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?
h
l=In
su
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p
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G
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id
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%
7
BA
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1
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4
4
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4
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7
D
[1
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Ja
n
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a
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k
m
a
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M
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A
c
o
m
p
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ra
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c
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v
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o
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l
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d
Isla
m
ic
in
su
ra
[1
1
]
n
c
e
in
d
u
stry
in
P
a
k
istan
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P
a
k
istan
Bu
sin
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ss
Re
v
iew
.
2
0
1
5
;
1
7
(
1
):2
1
-
44.
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2
]
M
e
h
a
ri
D,
A
e
m
iro
T
.
F
ir
m
sp
e
c
if
ic
fa
c
to
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a
t
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ter
m
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p
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rf
o
r
m
a
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c
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in
e
th
io
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E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic Jo
u
rn
a
l,
ES
J.
2
0
1
3
A
p
r
3
0
;
9
(1
0
).
[1
3
]
M
d
S
a
a
d
N.
A
n
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
n
th
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ff
icie
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c
y
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f
t
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k
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f
u
l
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d
in
su
ra
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c
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
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in
m
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la
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:
a
n
o
n
-
p
a
ra
m
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tri
c
a
p
p
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a
c
h
.
Re
v
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o
f
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teg
ra
ti
v
e
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sin
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&
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o
m
ics
Re
se
a
rc
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.
2
0
1
2
;
1
(1
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3
-
5
6
.
[1
4
]
Ow
u
su
-
A
n
sa
h
E,
D
o
n
tw
i
IK,
S
e
id
u
B
,
A
b
u
d
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lai
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e
b
il
C
.
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
e
f
f
icie
n
c
ies
o
f
G
h
a
n
a
ian
g
e
n
e
ra
l
in
su
re
rs.
Am
e
rica
n
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
so
c
ial
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
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m
e
n
t
sc
ien
c
e
s.
2
0
1
0
;
1
(1
):
7
5
-
87.
[1
5
]
Ba
wa
S
,
Ru
c
h
it
a
R.
Eff
icie
n
c
ies
o
f
h
e
a
lt
h
in
su
ra
n
c
e
b
u
si
n
e
ss
in
In
d
ia:
A
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
DEA
.
Am
e
rica
n
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
c
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a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
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t
S
c
ien
c
e
s
.
2
0
1
1
;2
(
2
):2
3
7
-
4
7
.
[1
6
]
Na
n
d
i
JK
.
Re
lativ
e
Eff
icie
n
c
y
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
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lec
t
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d
L
i
f
e
In
su
re
rs
i
n
In
d
ia
u
sin
g
Da
ta
En
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
An
a
ly
sis.
P
a
c
if
ic
Bu
sin
e
ss
Re
v
ie
w
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l.
2
0
1
4
F
e
b
;
6
(8
)
:6
9
-
7
6
.
[1
7
]
Da
lk
il
iç
N,
A
d
a
AA
.
E
ff
icie
n
c
ies
o
f
li
f
e
/p
e
n
sio
n
i
n
su
ra
n
c
e
in
d
u
str
y
in
T
u
rk
e
y
:
a
n
a
p
p
li
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a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
a
ta
e
n
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
a
ly
sis.
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
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d
F
i
n
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ba
n
k
in
g
.
2
0
1
4
Ja
n
1
;4
(
1
)
:1
8
1
.
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