In
d
o
n
e
sian
Jou
r
n
al of
Ele
c
tr
i
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
erin
g
a
n
d
C
om
pu
t
er S
c
ien
ce
Vol.
14, No.
1, April 2019,
pp.
241~249
ISSN: 2502-
4752,
DOI
:
10.115
91/ijeecs.
v
14.
i
1
.
pp241-249
241
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/
i
j
eec
s
Compac
t modeling of str
a
ine
d
G
AA
SiNW
Fat
i
m
a
h K.
A Ham
id
1
, N
.
Ez
ail
a
A
l
i
as
2
,
R.
Ismail
3
,
M
.
A
nas
Razali
4
1,
2
,
3
School
of
E
l
ect
rical
E
ngi
n
eeri
n
g,
U
n
i
versiti
T
e
knologi Malays
ia
, Joh
or Bh
a
ru,
M
alaysi
a
4
Nan
o
S
imulation Res
earc
h
Gro
up
(Nan
o
S
I
M
)
, Facu
lty
of El
ectrical
a
nd
E
l
ectro
nic
Eng
i
n
eerin
g
,
U
ni
vers
iti
T
un
Hussei
n
On
n
M
a
l
a
ysia,
Joh
o
r,
M
a
l
ays
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
Re
ce
i
v
e
d
Ju
n
1
,
2018
R
e
v
i
s
e
d
Oct
10
, 2
0
18
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
No
v
2
5
,
2
018
S
t
rai
n
-bas
ed
on
advan
c
ed M
O
S
FET is
a pro
m
i
s
i
ng can
did
a
te f
o
r
th
e
f
u
t
u
re
o
f
CM
OS
t
ech
no
log
y
.
A
num
eri
c
a
l
m
od
el
i
s
not
f
avo
r
able
c
o
m
pared
t
o
a
com
p
act
m
o
d
el
b
ecause
i
t
can
no
t
be
i
n
t
egrat
e
d
in
to
m
ost
si
m
u
l
a
t
or
s
o
f
tw
are.
Th
us
,
a
com
p
act
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
p
r
opos
ed
t
o
ov
ercom
e
t
h
e
s
ho
rtco
mi
ngs
in
t
he
anal
yt
ical
m
o
d
el.
In
t
his
pap
e
r,
a
c
harg
e-bas
e
d
com
p
act
m
o
d
el
i
s
pres
ented
f
o
r
l
o
ng-channel
s
t
rained
G
ate-
A
ll-
Ar
o
u
n
d
Si
li
c
o
n
N
a
no
wir
e
(
GA
A
S
i
N
W
)
fro
m
a
n
un
do
pe
d
c
h
a
n
ne
l
to
a
d
o
p
e
d
b
od
y.
T
h
e
m
od
e
l
d
e
r
iva
t
io
n
i
s
b
a
sed
on
an
i
n
v
ers
i
on
charge
w
h
i
ch
h
as
b
een
s
o
l
v
e
d
exp
licitl
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
m
ooth
i
ng
f
u
n
c
ti
on.
T
he
d
rain
c
u
r
ren
t
m
od
e
l
i
s
f
o
rm
ul
ated
f
rom
P
a
o
S
a
h’s
du
al
i
n
t
egral
wh
ich
is
f
o
r
m
e
d
i
n
t
erms
o
f
i
n
v
e
rsio
n
ch
arg
e
a
t
the
d
r
ain
and
s
ou
rc
e
termi
n
als.
T
he
p
ro
po
sed
m
o
d
e
l
h
a
s
been
e
xt
ens
i
vel
y
v
erified
wit
h
the
nu
m
e
rical
s
im
u
l
ato
r
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
tr
ain
e
d
ef
f
e
c
t
on
th
e
el
ectri
ca
l
p
aram
eters
ar
e
st
udied
b
ased
o
n
in
versi
on
charge,
th
res
h
o
l
d
voltag
e
a
nd
c
urren
t
-
vo
lt
age
(I-
V)
c
haracteri
s
t
i
c
s
.
Results
s
ho
w
th
a
t
t
he
c
u
rrent
,
the
i
n
v
e
rsio
n
charge
a
nd
t
h
e
th
resh
old
volt
a
g
e
c
an
b
e
g
r
e
a
tly
i
m
p
roved
by
t
he
s
train
.
T
he
t
h
re
sh
old
vo
lt
age
was
redu
ced
a
pp
ro
xi
mately
4
0%
f
rom
the
co
nv
enti
on
al
GAA
S
i
N
W
.
M
o
reo
v
er,
t
h
e
inv
e
rsi
on
charge
w
as
i
m
p
ro
ved
by
3
0
%
and
th
e
on
-
stat
e
curren
t
h
as
d
ou
b
l
ed
c
om
p
a
red
t
o
u
ns
trai
ned
dev
i
ce.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
3D
MOSF
ET
St
rai
n
e
d
GAA
Si
NW
TCAD
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
Scien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Mu
ham
m
a
d
A
nas
Ra
za
li,
N
a
no
S
i
m
u
l
a
ti
on
Rese
arc
h
G
rou
p
(
N
a
noS
IM),
Fa
cult
y
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
rica
l
and
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
ic E
n
g
i
n
ee
rin
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
iti
Tu
n
H
u
ssei
n
O
nn
Ma
la
ys
i
a
,
P
a
rit
Raja,
86
4
00,
B
a
t
u
P
a
ha
t,
Johor,
Mala
y
s
ia.
Em
ail:
anas@
u
thm
.
edu.
my
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
An
a
dv
a
n
ced
M
O
SFET
su
ch
a
s
Gat
e
-A
l
l
-
Ar
o
u
n
d
S
I
N
W
(GAA
Si
NW
)
i
s
i
n
t
rod
u
ce
d
t
o
ove
rc
om
e
the
s
h
ortc
om
ings
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
en
t
i
o
n
a
l
M
O
S
F
E
T.
T
he
a
rchi
tec
t
ur
e
o
f
the
ga
te
c
omp
l
ete
l
y
s
u
rr
ound
in
g
th
e
ch
an
n
e
l
i
n
GAA
S
i
N
W
a
l
l
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
e
vi
c
e
t
o
h
a
v
e
e
x
c
el
l
e
nt
g
at
e
co
ntr
o
l
a
nd
a
b
l
e
t
o
min
i
m
i
z
e
t
he
s
h
o
r
t
cha
nne
l effec
t
s
[1-2].
To
u
nde
rs
t
a
n
d
the
beha
v
i
or
o
f
the
de
vice
,
an
a
na
ly
tic
a
l
m
ode
l
i
s
requ
i
r
e
d
[
1
-
10
].
H
o
w
ev
e
r
,
t
h
i
s
mode
l
i
ng
m
e
t
h
od
is
i
mpr
act
i
c
a
l
b
e
c
a
use
it
i
s
una
b
l
e
to
e
x
t
en
d
i
n
t
o
the
c
i
rc
u
i
t
le
vel
si
m
u
l
a
t
o
r.
T
he
m
ode
ls
nee
d
t
o
be
s
o
l
v
e
d
i
t
er
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
a
n
d
t
h
is
f
u
n
ct
io
n(
iter
a
t
i
on)
n
o
t
p
r
ov
id
ed
i
n
the
ci
rc
uit
si
mu
lat
o
r
su
ch
a
s
H
s
pi
c
e
.
A
s
a
r
esul
t
of
t
h
i
s
l
i
mi
ta
ti
o
n
,
m
o
re
c
om
pac
t
m
ode
lin
g
w
o
r
k
s
ha
v
e
bee
n
p
ro
pose
d
w
h
i
c
h
a
re
n
ee
ded
f
o
r
th
e
des
i
g
n
an
d
c
ha
r
acte
r
izat
i
on o
f
t
he G
A
A
S
i
N
W a
t
c
irc
u
i
t
l
e
v
el [1
4-
19].
The
r
e
is
e
x
t
e
n
si
ve
l
i
t
era
t
ur
e
on
impr
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
m
ode
l
for
a
di
ff
eren
t
con
d
i
t
i
o
n
su
c
h
a
s
un
dop
ed
a
nd
do
pe
d
bo
dy
c
h
a
nne
l
[2-10].
H
o
w
e
ver
,
t
her
e
i
s
li
tt
l
e
w
ork
on
d
e
v
i
c
e
model
i
ng
u
si
ng
s
t
r
ai
n
on
GAA
stru
ctu
r
e.
Fro
m
p
rev
i
ou
s
st
ud
i
e
s,
s
t
r
ai
n-b
a
se
d
on
G
e
fra
ct
i
o
n
is
u
sed
t
o
b
oos
t
up
t
he
c
u
r
rent
a
nd
l
ow
ering
the
t
h
re
shol
d
for
co
nve
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
an
d
ad
vanc
ed
M
O
S
F
ET
struc
t
ur
es
[
17-2
3
].
F
or
s
t
r
a
in
a
pp
lic
a
tio
n
in
G
A
A
s
truc
t
u
res,
t
h
e
exi
s
ti
ng
m
ode
l
s
h
a
v
e
use
d
t
h
e
a
na
ly
t
i
ca
l
a
p
proac
h
[
2
2
-
23]
.
H
o
w
e
ver
,
t
he
m
ode
l
is
l
imit
ed
t
o
t
h
e
t
h
re
shol
d
and
is
not
e
n
o
u
gh t
o
a
na
ly
se t
he
s
t
r
ai
n be
ha
v
i
our
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2502-
4752
I
n
do
n
e
si
an
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
ci
, V
o
l
.
1
4
,
No. 1, April 2019 :
241 –
2
49
24
2
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
e
n
ab
l
e
t
h
e
e
xt
ensi
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
r
ai
n
e
d
GAA
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
l
e
v
el
,
a
co
mp
ac
t
mod
e
l
appr
oa
ch
i
s
i
n
t
r
od
uce
d
.
In
t
h
i
s
pa
per,
w
e
pre
s
e
n
t
a
com
p
a
c
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
trai
n
e
d
GAA
S
i
NW
.
Th
i
s
m
o
d
el
c
an
b
e
d
e
r
i
v
ed
from
t
h
e
an
aly
t
i
cal
m
od
el
a
n
d
s
ol
v
e
d
exp
l
i
c
i
t
l
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
smo
o
t
hi
ng
fu
n
c
t
i
on
.
Th
e
mode
l
was
inc
o
rp
ora
t
e
d
w
it
h
the
i
n
terfac
e
d
t
ra
p
p
e
d
c
ha
rge
a
nd
fixe
d
o
x
i
d
e
c
harge
.
M
oreo
ver
,
t
he
m
ode
l i
s
a
l
s
o
va
lid fo
r
a
pra
c
t
i
ca
l
ran
g
e
of
d
o
p
i
n
g.
W
e
ha
ve
c
o
n
s
i
dere
d
a
l
o
ng
c
han
n
e
l
dev
i
c
e
to
f
oc
us
t
he
e
ffec
t
o
f
stra
in
o
n
de
vic
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
.
T
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
c
o
r
e
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
s
t
r
a
i
n
e
d
G
A
A
dev
i
ce.
T
o
va
lida
t
e
our
m
ode
l,
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
are
c
o
mpa
r
ed
w
it
h
p
u
b
l
i
s
hi
n
g
w
ork
a
n
d
t
h
re
e-dim
e
ns
io
na
l
(3D
)
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
on
s
o
b
ta
i
n
e
d
u
s
i
ng
Tec
h
n
o
lo
gy
Com
p
u
t
er
A
id
ed De
s
i
g
n
(TC
AD)
s
oft
w
are
.
2.
MODELING OF S
T
R
A
I
N
E
D
G
A
T
E ALL-
AROU
N
D
S
I
L
I
CON
NAN
OWI
R
E
F
i
gure
1
il
lustr
a
t
e
s
the
sch
e
m
a
tic
d
i
a
gr
am
o
f
t
h
e
pro
p
o
s
ed
m
ode
l
u
s
i
n
g
the
ex
pl
ic
i
t
m
etho
d.
I
n
th
is
mode
l,
f
i
x
e
d
o
xi
de
(
ln
(
/
)
f
th
A
i
vN
n
)
cha
r
g
e
i
s
co
n
s
id
e
r
ed
t
o
en
ume
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
act
u
a
l
fab
r
i
c
a
t
i
on
env
i
ro
nm
en
t
e
s
pec
i
a
l
l
y
f
or
a
t
hi
n
o
x
i
d
e
la
ye
r.
T
he
d
iam
e
te
r
an
d
c
ha
nn
e
l
a
re
d
ef
ine
d
a
t
r
-
direc
tio
n
and
y-
direc
t
i
o
n,
r
espe
ctive
l
y.
F
i
gure
1.
C
r
o
ss
s
e
c
ti
ona
l d
i
agr
a
m
for
n-type stra
i
ne
d G
a
t
e
A
ll
Ar
o
u
n
d
GA
A Si
NW
O
n
e
d
i
m
e
ns
io
n
a
l
(
1
D
)
P
oiso
n-
Bo
ltzm
a
n
n
f
o
r
G
AA
S
iN
W
F
i
gur
e
1
c
a
n
b
e
repre
s
ente
d
in
c
y
l
in
drica
l
coor
di
na
te
a
s
2
1
(1
)
ch
f
V
a
si
N
dr
d
qe
rd
r
d
r
(
1
)
wher
e
r
a
nd
a
r
e
d
efi
n
ed
a
s
the
rad
i
al
o
f
th
e
GAA
an
d
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
at
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
ne
l
re
g
i
on
d
u
e
t
o
ga
te
b
ias
i
ng.
The
c
onst
a
n
t
,
,
i
s
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
a
s
1/
th
v
,
w
h
e
r
e
th
v
i
s
t
h
e
the
r
m
a
l
v
o
l
ta
ge
.
This
m
o
d
e
l
c
an
b
e
use
d
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
the
un
d
ope
d
a
n
d
do
pe
d
c
h
a
nne
l.
T
he
qua
si-fe
r
mi
p
o
t
en
t
i
a
l
a
lon
g
y
-a
x
i
s
(
c
h
anne
l)
i
s
as
sum
e
d
a
s
c
on
sta
n
t
a
n
d
fe
rmi
po
te
nt
i
a
l
c
a
n
be
e
xp
l
i
c
i
tl
y
c
a
lc
ula
t
e
d
a
s
ln
(
/
)
f
th
A
i
vN
n
w
i
t
h
int
r
i
n
si
c
d
o
p
i
ng
body
,
10
3
1.
45
1
0
i
nc
m
.
Th
e
p
o
t
e
nt
i
a
l
at
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
a
ce
(
s
)
and
c
e
n
ter
r
e
gi
o
n
(
o
)
c
a
n
b
e
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
fo
l
l
ow
i
n
g
b
oun
da
ry c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
:
(0
)
0
(
)
0
0,
,
rr
R
s
r
r
(
2
)
The
ve
rtic
a
l
e
le
ctric
fiel
d (
s
E
) at
t
he s
urface
c
an
be formulate
d
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
ones
i
a
n
J
E
lec
En
g & Co
mp
S
c
i
IS
S
N
: 2502-
47
52
C
o
m
pac
t Mo
de
li
n
g
of S
t
r
a
ine
d
G
A
A
Si
NW
(Fa
tim
ah K.
A H
a
m
i
d)
24
3
in
v
d
ep
s
si
rR
QQ
d
E
dr
(
3
)
wher
e
inv
q
a
nd
de
p
q
a
r
e
in
ver
s
io
n
c
h
arge
a
n
d
d
e
p
l
e
ti
on
a
t
t
he
c
ha
n
n
el.
By
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
e
q
u
a
t
i
on
(2)
a
nd
(
3
),
t
he
cha
nge
s o
f
p
o
t
e
n
tia
l
at r
-direc
t
i
o
n
c
an
b
e sim
p
li
fie
d
a
s
22
2
1
()
(
1
)
sc
h
f
s
c
h
f
th
t
h
VV
de
p
d
e
p
vv
s
i
de
p
i
nv
QQ
d
ee
dr
R
Q
q
(
4
)
The
fi
na
l so
lu
ti
on o
f
surfa
ce
p
ote
n
ti
a
l
ca
n
be
re
p
r
esente
d
as
22
44
2
l
n(
)
l
n(
)
ln
(
1
)
l
n
(
(
1
)
)
'
s
f
c
h
th
i
n
th
th
s
i
qN
R
q
N
R
aa
in
si
si
th
th
de
p
R
Vv
Q
v
v
Q
vv
e
e
Q
(5)
wher
e
'/
'
qC
v
H
dep
o
x
t
h
i
s
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
o
p
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
(
'
H
)
and
s
t
r
u
ct
ural
p
ara
m
e
t
er
w
h
i
ch
w
e
r
e
ta
k
en fro
m
[16-17]
. F
rom
the
G
a
uss La
w
,
t
h
e
c
harge
ca
n be
ca
l
c
ula
t
ed a
s
()
f
to
x
G
S
f
b
s
ox
Q
QC
V
V
C
(
6
)
wher
e
ox
C
is
t
he
o
xi
de
g
a
t
e
ca
p
a
cita
nce
,
f
b
V
i
s
t
he
f
lat
b
a
n
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
nd
i
s
th
e
v
a
ri
abl
e
r
e
l
ate
d
t
o
th
e
i
n
t
e
rf
ac
ed
t
rap
p
e
d
ch
a
r
g
e
w
hi
ch
i
s
si
g
n
if
i
c
a
n
t
a
t
h
eav
il
y
bo
dy
do
pi
n
g
(
1/
it
o
x
qD
C
).
T
hu
s,
f
o
r
u
nd
op
ed
and
li
gh
t
l
y do
p
e
d case
s
,
c
an
b
e
set
as
1
[1
0
]
.
Th
e
equ
a
t
i
o
n in (6) ca
n
be re
arra
nged to
for
m
a
u
n
i
fie
d
c
h
a
r
g
e
con
t
ro
l
mode
l
(
U
CC
M)
a
da
p
t
e
d
f
rom
[1
1]
by
re
pl
a
c
i
ng
t
h
e
equa
ti
o
n
(5)
int
o
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
(6).
T
he
f
ina
l
f
orm
of
U
CCM m
ode
l c
a
n
be form
u
la
t
e
d a
s
0
ln
(
)
ln
(
1
)
'
in
in
th
in
th
G
S
c
h
ox
de
p
QQ
vQ
v
V
V
V
CQ
(
7)
wher
e
0
V
is the
th
re
sho
l
d
v
o
l
ta
ge
for
G
AA
S
iNW ca
n be
exp
l
i
c
it
ly
calc
u
l
at
ed
a
s
0
2
2l
n
(
)
2
ln
1
e
x
p
4
fd
e
p
ft
h
ox
ox
t
h
s
i
a
th
si
QQ
R
Vv
CC
v
qN
R
v
(
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2502-
4752
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n
do
n
e
si
an
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
ci
, V
o
l
.
1
4
,
No. 1, April 2019 :
241 –
2
49
24
4
Mea
n
w
h
ile,
th
e
t
h
r
e
sh
old
v
o
lta
ge w
i
t
h s
t
ra
ine
d
ef
f
ec
t ca
n be
f
o
rmu
l
at
ed
a
s
0_
_
_
2
ln
(
)
l
n
1
e
x
p
24
Q
de
p
VV
st
ra
i
n
f
b
st
ra
i
n
s
s
t
r
a
i
n
C
ox
qN
R
R
a
vv
th
t
h
v
th
s
i
s
i
(9)
wher
e
_
f
bs
t
r
a
i
n
V
a
nd
_
s
strain
ar
e
the
s
t
rai
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
Ge
f
r
acti
o
n
(x)
whic
h
c
a
n
b
e
fo
un
d
in
[
1
7
-
18].
The
new
form
of
U
CCM m
odel
w
ith
s
tra
i
n ca
n be
r
e
p
r
e
sen
t
ed
as
0_
ln
(
'
)
l
n
(
)
'
ln
(
1
)
'
in
in
GS
s
t
r
a
i
n
c
h
t
h
d
e
p
t
h
ox
de
p
in
th
de
p
QQ
VV
V
v
q
v
CQ
Q
v
Q
(
10)
The
i
m
p
lic
i
t
e
q
u
at
i
on from
(7-8)
ca
n be
s
olve
d e
x
p
l
ici
t
l
y
using
t
he
fol
l
o
w
i
n
g
fu
n
c
t
i
o
n a
s
sug
ges
t
e
d
in
[1
3]:
2
(;
,
)
l
n
(
)
0
fz
s
G
z
z
s
z
G
(
1
1
)
The
fi
na
l so
lu
ti
on o
f
fu
n
c
t
i
o
n g
ca
n be
r
epr
e
sente
d
a
s
2
22
22
11
1
()
l
n
(
1
)
22
G
ze
s
s
s
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
z
is
t
he
e
xp
l
i
ci
t
form
o
f
func
tio
n
g
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
o
n
U
CCM
m
o
d
el
t
o
so
lve
t
h
e
c
h
arge
m
od
e
l
j
u
s
t
lik
e
in
[
1
1
].
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
i
n
it
i
a
l
a
n
d
fin
a
l
so
lut
i
o
n
o
f
e
xp
l
ic
it
c
h
a
r
ge
m
o
d
el
f
or
s
tra
i
ne
d
G
A
A
S
i
N
W
c
an
b
e
repr
esente
d
as
0
22
2
'
22
2
0_
22
2
'
2
2
()
4
l
n
(
1
e
x
p
)
2
ox
t
h
in
de
p
G
S
st
ra
i
n
ch
ox
t
h
ox
t
h
de
p
t
h
Cv
Q
Q
VV
V
Cv
Cv
Qv
(1
3
)
22
2
'
22
2
_
22
2
'
2
2
()
4
l
n
(
1
e
x
p
)
2
ox
t
h
in
de
p
GS
t
h
f
c
h
ox
t
h
ox
t
h
de
p
t
h
Cv
Q
Q
VV
V
Cv
Cv
Qv
(
1
4
)
wher
e
_
V
th
f
i
s
t
h
e
fina
l
e
xpl
ic
it
t
hr
es
ho
ld
b
a
s
e
d
on
i
n
i
t
ia
l
i
nvers
io
n
c
h
a
r
g
e
an
d
de
p
l
e
t
i
on
c
h
ar
g
e
i
s
f
o
rmu
l
at
ed
a
s
0
_0
_
2l
n
(
1
)
in
th
f
s
t
r
ain
t
h
o
Q
VV
v
Q
(
1
5
)
The
curr
ent m
ode
l c
a
n be
der
i
v
e
d
fr
o
m
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
ng eq
ua
tio
n a
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesia
n
J
Elec Eng
&
C
o
m
p
S
ci
ISSN:
2502-
4752
C
o
m
p
a
c
t M
o
de
lin
g
of
S
t
ra
ine
d
G
AA Si
NW (
F
a
t
im
ah
K
.
A H
a
m
i
d)
24
5
2.
DS
i
n
ch
Id
y
R
q
d
V
(
16)
wh
ere
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
b
i
l
i
t
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
o
r
h
o
l
e
,
R
i
s
t
h
e
r
a
d
i
u
s
o
f
t
h
e
ch
ann
e
l
,
a
nd
ch
V
i
s
t
h
e
f
e
r
m
i
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
w
h
ic
h
var
i
e
s
f
r
o
m
sour
ce
t
o
dr
ai
n
a
l
o
n
g
t
h
e
c
ha
nne
l.
B
y
so
l
v
i
n
g
t
he
e
q
u
a
t
ion
(
1
5)
,
th
e
f
i
na
l
dr
ai
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
odel i
s
sim
p
lifie
d
as
22
21
2(
)
(
)
2
2
ln
(
)
D
S
th
in
s
i
n
d
in
s
i
n
d
Go
x
in
d
d
e
p
th
d
e
p
G
i
ns
de
p
R
Iv
Q
Q
Q
Q
LC
QQ
R
vQ
LQ
Q
(
17)
3.
RESULTS
A
ND
A
NAL
YS
IS
F
i
gur
e
2
s
how
s
the
c
o
m
p
ar
is
on
r
e
s
ult
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
nt
-
g
a
t
e
v
o
l
t
age
(
ID-VG)
g
raph
b
etwee
n
t
h
e
i
mplicit
m
odel
in
(
7)
a
nd
pr
op
ose
d
m
ode
l
in
(
13)
w
hi
c
h
h
a
v
e
be
e
n
s
o
l
ve
d
exp
licitly
f
o
r
u
nst
r
ained
GAA
S
i
N
W
.
Th
e
pr
o
pose
d
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
c
on
side
r
a
bl
y
va
lid
b
eca
use
bo
t
h
m
o
d
e
l
s
in
dic
a
t
e
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
t
r
e
n
d
s
a
s
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2(
a
)
a
nd
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
he
p
r
o
pos
ed
m
o
d
el
i
s
the
n
e
x
t
e
n
ded
for
s
train
a
p
p
l
icatio
n
at
t
h
e
c
h
a
nn
el
a
r
ea
o
f
GAA
Si
N
W
.
(a
)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
2.
I
DS
-V
GS
ch
ar
acter
is
tic
o
f
imp
l
i
c
i
t
a
nd
ex
p
licit of GAA SiNW with
10
2
31
0
f
Qc
m
(
x
=0
)
(a)
Line
ar
s
cale
(b)
Log sc
ale
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2502-
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n
do
n
e
si
an
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
ci
, V
o
l
.
1
4
,
No. 1, April 2019 :
241 –
2
49
24
6
A
n
o
t
her
va
li
da
ti
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
is pe
r
form
ed t
o i
d
en
t
i
fy t
he c
o
m
pati
b
ili
ty of str
a
i
n
in
the
pro
pos
ed
mode
l
(equa
tio
n
(14)).
F
igure
3
in
d
i
cates
t
ha
t
t
h
e
I-V
c
ur
ves
of
b
ot
h
m
od
el
a
nd
s
im
u
l
a
t
or
a
gr
eed
w
el
l
(usin
g
G
e
fra
c
ti
o
n
, x=
0
.4
). The
sig
nific
a
n
t o
u
t
com
e
s
prove
t
ha
t
th
e mode
l
is
ap
p
l
ic
a
b
le
f
or stra
i
n
d
e
vice
.
F
i
gure
3.
I
DS
-V
GS
c
h
ar
acte
r
ist
i
c
of e
xp
lic
it m
ode
l
an
d simu
l
a
tor
for
strai
n
e
d
G
A
A
S
iNW
(
3
51
0
,
2
,
1
,
1
Ao
x
D
Nc
m
t
n
m
L
m
V
V
)
The
de
pe
nde
n
ce
o
f
I
d-V
g
o
n
stra
in
i
s
pr
ese
n
te
d
i
n
F
igur
e
4.
T
he
r
e
s
ults
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
t
hat
th
e
c
u
rre
nt
i
s
i
n
c
r
ea
sed
sig
n
i
f
i
cant
l
y
a
s
th
e
st
ra
i
n
l
ev
e
l
s
a
r
e
v
a
ri
e
d
f
rom
x
=
0
to
x
=0.
4
.
The
c
u
rre
nt
i
ncr
e
m
e
nt
i
s
alm
o
st
do
u
b
l
e
d
c
o
mp
a
r
ed
t
o
t
h
e
uns
trai
ned
de
v
i
c
e
.
O
t
her
t
h
an
t
ha
t,
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
t
rai
n
a
pp
l
i
cat
i
o
n,
t
he
t
hr
es
ho
ld
v
ol
ta
ge
als
o
s
how
s
a
gr
eat
i
mpro
ve
me
nt
w
he
n
o
p
e
r
at
in
g
vol
ta
ge
i
s
red
u
c
e
d
by
~
40
%
e
v
e
n
wit
hou
t
a
fu
rt
h
e
r
dow
nsca
li
n
g
o
n
i
t
s
di
m
e
n
s
i
o
n.
T
he
t
re
nd
o
f
t
he
o
n
c
u
rr
ent
a
nd
t
hresh
o
l
d
c
h
a
nges
a
l
i
g
n
w
i
t
h
r
e
p
ort
e
d
da
ta
from
[17-1
8
,2
0
]
. F
r
om these
f
i
n
d
i
ngs,
dev
i
c
e
pe
rform
a
nc
e
i
s
s
ig
ni
fica
n
tly
i
m
p
ro
ved
w
i
t
h
s
tr
ai
n app
l
ica
t
i
on.
F
i
gure
4.
I
DS
-V
G
S
cha
rac
t
e
r
is
ti
c
o
f
s
t
r
ai
ne
d G
A
A S
i
N
W
for di
f
fe
re
nt
s
t
r
ain le
ve
l
(
10
3
51
0
,
2
,
1
,
1
Ao
x
D
Nc
m
t
n
m
L
m
V
V
)
The
c
u
rre
nt
i
n
c
re
me
nt
d
ue
t
o
s
t
rai
n
c
a
n
b
e
j
u
s
t
i
f
ied
us
i
ng
cha
r
g
e
d
e
n
sit
y
o
f
el
ect
ron
s
.
C
h
arge
den
s
i
t
y
de
pe
n
d
enc
e
on
t
he
s
trai
n
c
a
n
b
e
obs
e
r
ved
in
F
i
gure
5
w
i
t
h
d
if
fe
rent
l
e
v
el
s
o
f
bod
y
d
opi
ng
.
Th
e
conc
e
n
trat
io
n
of
c
arr
i
e
r
s
i
s
i
ncre
ased
b
y
30
%
a
s
t
he
s
tr
ain
l
e
ve
l
i
s
i
n
c
re
ased
f
r
o
m
62
2.
7
1
0
/
Cc
m
t
o
62
3.
5
1
0
/
Cc
m
,
as
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
5(
a)
f
or
u
n
d
ope
d
bo
d
y
.
Th
is
i
ncr
e
m
e
nt
w
i
l
l
l
ea
d
t
o
c
urre
nt
enha
nc
em
en
t
a
nd
i
m
pro
v
e
t
h
e
sw
itc
hi
n
g
s
p
e
e
d
i
m
p
ro
ve
me
n
t
o
f
th
e
de
v
i
ce
.
Meanw
h
i
l
e
,
w
h
e
n
t
he
c
han
n
e
l
w
a
s
d
ope
d
w
i
t
h
15
3
11
0
cm
,
the
carrier
s
reduced
from
62
2.
8
1
0
/
Cc
m
F
i
gur
e
5(
a)
t
o
62
2.
2
1
0
/
Cc
m
F
i
gure
5(b)
a
t x
=
0.
H
ow
eve
r
,
the
lost carriers co
m
p
ensa
te
d
by t
he
s
t
r
ai
n(x
=
0.4).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
ones
i
a
n
J
E
lec
En
g & Co
mp
S
c
i
IS
S
N
: 2502-
47
52
C
o
m
pac
t Mo
de
li
n
g
of S
t
r
a
ine
d
G
A
A
Si
NW
(Fa
tim
ah K.
A H
a
m
i
d)
24
7
(a)
(
b
)
F
i
gure
5.
Q
in
-V
GS
ch
a
racteri
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
s
t
rain
ed
GAA S
i
NW f
o
r
d
i
f
feren
t
s
t
r
ain
at
(
a)und
ope
d bo
d
y
(b)
dop
ed
bod
y
(
15
3
21
0
,
2
,
1
,
0
.
6
Ao
x
D
Nc
m
t
n
m
L
m
V
V
)
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
I
n
t
h
i
s
wo
rk
,
c
o
mp
act
mo
d
e
lin
g
of
s
t
r
ain
e
d
GAA
Si
NW
i
s
p
r
esent
e
d
an
d
t
h
e
re
su
l
t
s
a
r
e
c
o
m
p
are
d
t
o
t
h
e
u
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
e
d
d
e
v
i
c
e
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
m
o
d
e
l
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
e
x
t
en
de
d
for
s
t
r
a
i
n
a
p
p
lic
a
t
i
o
n
re
s
u
lt
in
g
i
n
b
e
tt
er
e
l
ect
ri
ca
l
p
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
comp
ared
t
o
conv
en
ti
on
al
GAA
Si
NW.
T
he
p
r
opose
d
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
ve
rifi
e
d
w
ith
t
he
n
um
er
i
c
al
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
3
D
s
i
m
u
lat
o
r
da
ta.
By
i
n
duc
i
ng
s
t
r
ai
n
i
n
t
he
c
ha
n
n
el
a
r
e
a
,
t
he
e
le
c
t
ri
cal
p
r
op
e
r
t
i
es
o
f
th
e
d
e
vi
ce
h
a
v
e
i
m
p
r
ov
ed
s
ig
nif
i
c
a
nt
ly
i
n
c
l
udi
ng
o
n
c
urr
e
nt,
thre
s
hol
d
vo
l
t
age
,
a
nd
c
h
ar
ge
c
a
rri
e
r
d
e
n
si
t
y
.
Th
e
on
c
u
rren
t
i
s
dou
bl
ed
u
p
co
mp
ared
t
o
t
h
e
u
ns
tra
i
n
e
d
c
h
an
ne
l
.
I
n
ad
dit
i
o
n
,
t
h
re
sh
ol
d
vo
lta
ge
w
as
r
e
duce
d
by 40 %
depe
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
he
G
e
frac
t
i
o
n
.
Besi
d
es,
t
h
e
in
v
e
rsi
o
n
ch
a
r
ges
were
a
l
s
o
aff
e
c
t
ed
by t
h
e
st
r
a
i
n
e
d
e
ffe
c
t
due
t
o t
h
e
carrier
d
ensi
ty
e
nha
nc
em
en
t
w
ith t
he
i
nc
rem
e
nt
o
f 3
0
%
.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
Th
e
aut
h
o
r
s
wo
ul
d
l
i
k
e
t
o
ap
p
r
e
c
i
a
t
e
t
he
f
i
n
an
ci
al
s
up
po
rt
f
ro
m
M
in
is
t
r
y
o
f
H
i
g
her
Educ
a
t
ion
(MO
H
E
)
un
de
r
the
F
unda
me
nta
l
R
e
s
e
a
rc
h
G
r
a
n
t
S
c
he
me
(
F
R
G
S
)
vo
t
n
o
15
35
.
Al
so
t
ha
n
k
s
t
o
t
h
e
R
ese
a
rc
h
Ma
nage
me
n
t
C
e
n
tre
(R
MC)
of
U
n
i
ve
rs
iti
Tu
n
H
u
sse
i
n
O
nn
Ma
la
ysia
(U
TH
M
)
a
nd
U
ni
ver
s
i
t
i
T
e
k
n
o
l
og
i
Ma
lays
ia (
U
T
M) for pr
ovi
di
ng o
u
t
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
resea
r
ch
e
nvironm
en
t a
n
d
fa
c
il
it
ies to
m
a
k
e
thi
s
w
ork
is
p
ossib
l
e.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
C.
P
.
Auth
a
n
d
J
.
D
.
P
lumm
er,
“S
cali
ng
th
eory
f
or
c
yl
ind
r
ical
,
f
u
ll
y-deplet
ed,
su
rroun
di
ng
-gate
MOS
F
ET
’s,
”
I
EEE
Ele
c
t
ro
n
De
vic
e
Le
t
t
.
, vo
l
.
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,
no
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,
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76
,
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9
9
7
.
[2]
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J
im
enez,
B
.
In
íg
uez,
J
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S
u
ne,
L
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F
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a
rsal,
J
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P
all
a
res,
J
.
R
o
ig
,
a
n
d
D.
F
lore
s
,
“
Co
nt
in
uo
us
a
n
a
ly
t
i
c
I-V
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
su
rrou
n
d
ing
-
gate MOS
FETs,
”
IEEE E
lect
ro
n
Device L
e
t
t
., vo
l
.
2
5
,
n
o.
8
,
p
p
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1–5
73
,
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004
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.
Y
u
,
W
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Y
.
L
u
,
H
.
L
u
,
a
n
d
Y
.
T
a
u
r
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
C
h
a
r
g
e
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
S
u
rrou
nding-Gat
e
M
OS
FETs
,
”
I
EEE
Trans.
El
ectron
Dev
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N
.
K
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C
h
o
,
S
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H
.
C
h
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i
,
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H
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K
i
m
,
S
.
H
.
K
i
m
,
a
n
d
Y
.
S
.
Y
u
,
“
C
o
n
ti
nuous
a
nalyt
i
c
current
-vol
tage
(I-V)
m
o
del
f
o
r
lon
g
-c
h
a
n
n
e
l
d
op
e
d
s
u
rro
un
ding
-g
at
e
M
O
S
F
ETs
(S
G
M
O
S
FET
s
),”
in
P
r
o
ceedin
gs
-
2
0
0
8
In
ternat
io
nal
Co
nf
erence
on
A
d
v
an
c
e
d
Tech
no
lo
gies
f
or
C
o
m
m
unicati
ons,
ATC
2
0
0
8
,
Held
i
n
Conju
n
ct
ion
with
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EV
M
eeti
ng,
2
0
08,
pp.
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318
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e
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a
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,
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i
u
,
J
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F
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
S
.
Y
a
n
g
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
po
tential
s
o
l
u
tion
to
t
he
u
ndo
ped
s
u
rro
un
din
g
-gate
M
O
SF
ET
s,
”
S
o
lid.
S
tat
e
.
El
ectron.
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vol.
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02
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I
SSN: 2502-
4752
I
n
do
n
e
si
an
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
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ci
, V
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.
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4
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Z
h
an
g
,
G
.
Z
h
an
g,
M
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Chan
,
and
Y
.
W
ang,
“
A
carrier-b
as
ed
a
nalytic
D
CIV
model
f
o
r
long
c
hannel
un
do
ped
cyli
nd
rical
s
u
rroun
di
ng
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M
O
SF
ET
s,”
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o
li
d.
S
tate.
E
l
ectro
n.,
v
o
l
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,
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6
–
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2
1
,
2
00
6
.
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J
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Z
h
an
g,
L
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Zhan
g,
C
.
M
a
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d
M.
C
h
a
n
,
“
A
su
rf
ace
p
o
t
e
n
tial
-
b
a
sed
non
-charg
e-she
e
t
c
ore
m
ode
l
f
o
r
u
n
d
o
p
e
d
su
rrou
n
d
i
n
g
-
gate M
OSF
E
T
s
,”
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a
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.
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li
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S
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,
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.
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.
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and
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.
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o
d
ri
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ez,
“
An
anal
yti
cal
I
-V
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
urro
undin
g
-g
ate
tran
si
sto
r
s
t
h
at
i
nc
l
udes
quan
t
um
a
n
d
v
eloci
t
y
o
v
ers
h
o
o
t
e
f
f
ects
,
”
IEEE
Tran
s.
Elect
ron
Dev
i
ces,
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.
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1
,
p
p
.
2
9
25–29
33
,
2
010
.
[9]
T.
K
.
Ch
i
a
ng
,
“A
c
o
m
p
act,
an
aly
t
ical
t
w
o
-d
im
e
n
s
i
o
n
al
t
hres
ho
ld
v
o
l
t
ag
e
mo
de
l
f
o
r
cyl
i
n
d
ri
ca
l,
f
ully
-dep
leted
,
su
rrou
ndi
ng
-gate(S
G
)
M
O
S
F
ET
s,
”
i
n
2
005
IEEE
Co
n
f
erence
o
n
E
l
ect
ro
n
Dev
i
ces
a
nd
So
li
d-S
t
ate
Circuits,
ED
SSC,
2
0
0
6
,
pp.
5
47
–5
50.
[10]
S
.
F
.
T
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
,
Y
.
S
.
Y
u
,
N
.
C
h
o
,
S
.
W
.
H
w
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
D
.
A
h
n
,
“
Imp
l
i
c
it
C
o
n
ti
nu
ou
s
Current
–
V
ol
tage
M
od
el
f
or
Im
plicit
C
on
ti
nu
o
u
s
Current
–
V
olt
a
ge
M
o
d
el
f
or
S
urrou
n
d
i
n
g
-Gat
e
M
e
tal
–
Oxi
d
e
–
S
e
mi
con
d
u
c
t
o
r
F
i
eld-Eff
ect
Tran
sisto
r
s In
cludi
ng
In
t
e
rf
ace T
r
aps
,
” vo
l.
58, n
o
.
A
ug
ust 2
0
1
6
,
pp.
2
5
2
0
–25
24
,
201
1.
[11]
B.
I
n
i
g
u
ez,
D
.
J
i
men
ez,
J
.
R
o
ig
,
H.
A
.
Hami
d
,
L
.
F
.
M
arsal
,
a
nd
J
.
P
a
llares,
“
E
xpli
c
it
co
ntinu
o
u
s
m
od
el
f
o
r
l
on
g-
chan
nel
un
dop
ed
s
urro
und
in
g
g
a
te
M
O
S
F
E
Ts,
”
I
E
E
E
Tran
s. E
lect
ron
D
ev
i
ces,
vol.
5
2
,
n
o
.
8
,
pp
.
186
8–
187
3,
2
0
05.
[12]
Y
.
S
.
Y
u
,
N
.
C
h
o
,
J
.
H
.
O
h
,
S
.
W
.
H
w
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
D
.
A
h
n
,
“
E
x
p
l
i
c
i
t
Conti
n
uous
C
urrent–Voltage
(I-V)
Models
f
or
Fully-Depl
e
ted
Surroundi
ng-Gate
MO
SFETs
(S
G
M
OSFE
T
s
)
wi
th
a
F
i
n
i
te
D
op
in
g
Bod
y
,”
J
ou
rn
a
l
o
f
n
a
no
sc
ie
n
c
e
and
nan
o
t
echno
lo
gy
,
vol.
1
0
,
n
o. 5
,
p
p.
331
6–
33
2
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[13]
B.
Y
u,
H
.
Lu,
M.
L
i
u
,
and
Y.
T
au
r,
“
E
xpli
c
it
conti
nuo
u
s
m
o
d
els
fo
r
do
ub
le-g
ate
a
n
d
surro
un
di
ng-g
a
te
M
O
S
FETs,”
IEEE
T
r
ans. E
l
e
ctron Devices,
vol
.
54,
no.
10,
pp. 2715–2722,
2
007.
[14]
F
.
L
iu,
J.
Z
han
g
,
F
.
H
e
,
F
.
Liu,
L
.
Zhan
g,
a
nd
M
.
Ch
an,
“
A
c
har
ge-b
ased
c
om
p
a
ct
m
o
d
el
f
or
p
redi
c
t
i
n
g
th
e
curren
t
-
vo
lt
age
an
d
cap
acitan
ce-vo
ltag
e
c
haract
eris
tics
o
f
h
eav
ily
d
ope
d
cy
lin
dri
cal
s
urro
un
din
g
-g
ate
M
O
SFETs,”
S
oli
d
.
Stat
e.
E
l
ectron
.
, v
ol.
53
, n
o.
1,
p
p
. 49
–
5
3
, 2
00
9.
[15]
A.Tsorm
p
a
t
zoglou,
D.H.Tas
s
i
s
,
C.
A.Dimitr
i
a
dis,
G
.Ghibaudo,
G
.Pa
n
a
nakak
i
s
,
R
.
C
lerc,
and
A
.
T
s
o
rm
pat
z
og
lou,
“
A
c
om
p
act
d
ra
in
c
u
rrent
m
o
d
el
o
f
sh
ort
-
chann
e
l
cy
li
ndri
cal
g
at
e-all
-
arou
nd
M
O
S
F
E
T
s
,
”
S
e
mico
ndu
cto
r
S
c
i
ence
and
Tech
nol
og
y,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
no.
7
,
p
p
.
75
01
7,
200
9
.
[16]
B.
S
m
aani
,
S
.
Latrech
e,
a
nd
B
.
In
igu
ez,
“
Co
m
p
act
d
rain
-cu
rrent
m
odel
f
o
r
und
o
p
ed
c
y
l
i
ndri
cal
s
urro
un
din
g
-g
ate
me
ta
l-
ox
id
e
-
se
m
i
c
o
nd
uc
tor
fie
l
d
e
ffe
c
t
t
ra
nsis
to
rs
i
nc
lu
ding
s
h
or
t
c
h
a
n
ne
l
e
f
fe
c
t
s,”
Jou
r
na
l
of
A
pp
lie
d
Ph
ysic
s
,
v
o
l
.
11
4,
no.
2
2
,
2
013.
[17]
S
.
M
oh
amm
a
di
a
nd
A.
A
f
zali-Kus
h
a,
“
D
r
ain
current
m
od
el
f
o
r
s
t
r
a
in
e
d
-
S
i
/
S
i
1
−
x
G
e
x
/
s
t
r
a
i
n
e
d
-Si
do
ub
le
-ga
t
e
M
O
SF
ET
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
in
g q
u
an
tu
m
eff
ect
s,”S
emi
c
ond
uct
o
r S
c
i
e
nce and
T
e
ch
no
lo
gy,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
no.
9,
p
p
.
9502
2,
2
0
11.
[18]
H.
M
.
Nay
f
eh
,
C.
W
.
L
e
itz,
A.
J
.
Pi
t
e
ra
,
E.
A
.
Fit
z
g
e
rald,
J.
L
.
H
oyt,
an
d
D.
A
.
A
n
t
o
n
i
adis,
“Infl
u
en
c
e
o
f
h
i
g
h
chan
nel
do
pin
g
o
n
th
e
in
vers
ion
l
a
yer
el
ectron
m
o
b
i
lit
y
i
n
s
tra
ined
s
ili
con
n-MO
S
F
E
T
s
,
”
IE
EE
El
ec
t
r
on
D
ev
ic
e
Lett.,
vol.
24,
no.
4
,
pp
.
2
4
8
–
2
50,
2
0
0
3
.
[19]
P
.J
.
Ch
ao,
and
Y
.
L
i,
I
m
p
act
o
f
g
e
om
etry
a
s
p
ect
r
atio
on
1
0
-nm
g
ate
al
l-around
s
ilicon-germanium
n
anowire
f
i
e
l
d
ef
f
ect
t
rans
isto
rs
.
In:
P
r
o
ceedin
gs
o
f
t
h
e
14
th
I
EE
E
Int
e
rnati
o
n
a
l
Con
f
eren
ce
o
n
Nano
tech
no
log
y
,
p
p
.
45
2–
455
,
20
14
.
[20]
T.
V.
S
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
M
.
J
.
K
u
m
ar,
"Eff
ect
o
f
th
e
G
e
m
ol
e
f
r
action
o
n
th
e
f
o
rm
atio
n
o
f
a
c
on
du
cti
on
p
a
t
h
i
n
cy
lin
d
ri
ca
l
st
rained
-si
l
i
c
on
-on-S
i
Ge M
OS
FETs
.
"
S
up
erla
ttices
a
nd
M
icro
st
ruc
tu
res,
vol.
4
4
,
n
o.
1,
p
p7
9–
85
,
2
0
08
.
[21]
Y.
Jian
g,
N
.
S
i
ngh,
,
T
.
Y
.
L
i
o
w,
W
.
Y
.
Lo
h
,
S
.
B
alak
um
ar,
K
.
M.
Hoe,
C
.
H
.T
un
g,
V
.
B
lizn
e
tso
v
,
S
.
C.
R
ust
a
gi,
G
.
Q.
L
o,
and
D.
S.H.
C
ha
n,
"
Ge-rich
(
70
%
)
S
i
G
e
nano
w
i
re
M
OSF
ET
f
a
b
r
icated
u
sin
g
p
att
e
rn-d
epend
e
nt
G
e-co
nd
ensat
i
o
n
tech
niq
u
e,
"
IE
EE
El
ectron Dev
i
ce L
e
tt
ers
29
.6
,
59
5-5
9
8
, 20
0
8
.
[22]
Y.
Z
h
a
ng
,
Z
.
L
i,
C
.
W
a
ng
,
a
n
d
F
.
Lian
g
,
"Co
m
pact
A
n
a
ly
ti
cal
T
hr
es
ho
ld
V
olt
a
ge
M
o
d
el
o
f
Strai
n
ed
G
ate-Al
l-
A
r
o
u
n
d
M
O
S
F
E
T
F
a
b
r
i
c
a
t
e
d
o
n
S
i
1
-
x
G
e
x
V
i
r
t
u
a
l
S
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
.
"
I
E
I
CE
T
rans
acti
ons
o
n
El
ec
t
r
onics
,
vol.
9
9
,
n
o.
2,
p
p
.3
02
-30
7
,2
01
6.
[23]
Y
.
L
i
u
,
a
n
d
Z
.
L
i
,
"
A
n
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
s
t
rai
n
ed
s
u
rroun
di
ng
-gat
e
M
O
S
F
ET
s,"
S
o
li
d-St
ate
and
Int
e
grated
Circu
it
Tech
no
log
y
(ICS
I
CT
), 20
12 IEEE 1
1
t
h
In
ternat
io
nal Conf
erence o
n
. IEEE, 20
1
2
.
B
I
OGRAPHIES
O
F AUTHO
RS
F
a
t
i
m
a
h
Kh
airiah
A
bd
H
am
i
d
r
ece
i
v
ed
t
he
B
.
S
a
nd
M
.S.
deg
r
ees
i
n
e
lect
ron
i
c
en
gi
neerin
g
f
r
o
m
U
n
iv
ersi
ti
T
ekn
o
lo
gi
M
alay
si
a
(U
TM
)
i
n
2
0
1
1
an
d
201
3,
r
esp
ecti
v
ely
.
S
he
i
s
curren
tly
w
orkin
g
t
o
ward
t
he
P
H
.
D
d
e
gree
w
i
t
h
t
he
D
ep
artm
ent
o
f
E
l
ectri
cal
C
o
m
pu
t
er
E
ngin
eering
,
U
n
i
versiti
T
e
kno
lo
g
i
M
al
a
y
s
i
a.
H
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n
c
lud
e
s
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s
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f
m
i
c
r
o
-
and
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o
d
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesia
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&
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4752
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o
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a
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(IEEE
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So
ciet
y
and
T
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Ins
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Eng
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i
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CAD
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ly
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ev
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s
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scal
e
F
E
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vice.
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eli
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e
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u
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an
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m
easu
r
emen
t
f
r
am
e
w
ork
of
NBTI
d
egrad
a
tion.
Lif
etim
e
predicti
on
f
or
i
m
p
rovin
g
t
he
r
e
liab
i
l
i
ty
c
h
a
ll
enges
in
the
i
nd
ust
r
y.
Razal
i
Ism
a
i
l
r
eceived
the
B.S
c
.
and
M.
Sc.
d
e
g
r
ees
i
n
El
ectrica
l
an
d
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ectro
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g
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g
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l
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cs
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gi
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r
om
U
n
i
v
e
rsiti
Tekn
ol
ogi
M
alays
i
a
(U
TM
),
S
ku
dai,
J
o
h
o
r
,
Mal
a
ys
ia
i
n
20
06
.
H
e
r
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v
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d
the
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S
c
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ano
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lectro
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vi
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h
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ectronic
Engi
neeri
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g
)
d
egre
es
f
rom
U
n
i
v
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o
f
Surrey
,
Su
rrey,
U
K
in
2008
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n
d
2
01
5,
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esp
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ct
iv
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.
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ce
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nt
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in
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n
i
v
e
rsi
t
i
Tu
n
Husse
i
n
On
n
Ma
la
ysi
a
(
UT
HM
),
P
ari
t
R
aja,
J
oh
or
,
Mal
a
ys
ia
a
s
a
lectu
r
er.
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research
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nteres
ts
i
ncl
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c
ond
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to
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ma
te
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,
se
m
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c
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to
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nano
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roni
c dev
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abri
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tion an
d
sim
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latio
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p
r
ocess
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