Indonesian Journal of
Electrical
Engineer
ing and
Computer Science
Vol
.
1
0
, N
o
.
3
,
J
une
2
0
1
8
,
pp
. 83
3~
83
9
ISSN: 2502-4752,
DOI: 10.
11591/ij
eecs.v10
.i3.pp833-839
8
33
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: http://iaescore.c
om/jo
urnals/index.php/ijeecs
Ultra Thin Flexible Octago
na
l Me
ta
ma
ter
i
als Abso
rbe
r
H. H
a
ss
an
,
M.
Ab
u
Center
for
Telecommunication R
e
search
and
Inno
vation
(C
eTRI)
,
F
acult
y of Ele
c
tr
oni
c
Engineerin
g & Computer
Engineering (FK
E
KK), Universiti Teknikal Mala
ys
ia
M
e
l
a
ka
(U
T
e
M
)
, H
a
ng
Tu
ah
J
a
ya,
76100 Durian
Tunggal,
Melaka, Malay
s
ia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Ja
n
9, 2018
R
e
vi
sed M
a
r
2,
2
0
1
8
Accepted
Mar 19, 2018
An ultra thin
fl
exible oct
a
gonal
m
e
tam
a
teri
al
ab
sorber on 0
.
13
m
m
fastFilm
D27 material has been presented in
this paper. CST microwave studio was
us
ed in des
i
gn
in
g and s
i
m
u
lat
i
n
g
the o
c
tagon
al
m
e
tam
a
teri
al
ab
s
o
rber. Th
e
fl
e
x
i
b
le
oc
ta
gona
l
me
ta
ma
t
e
ri
a
l
a
b
sorbe
r
wa
s
re
sona
t
e
d at
10 GHz
wi
t
h
highly
perf
ect
absorbance of 99
.98%.
However
,
Full Width Half Maximu
m
(FWHM) of the
absorbance was
relativ
ely
small
135 MHz affected from the
ultra
thin substr
ate us
ed. B
y
using tr
iangu
lar
lattice arr
a
ngement of the unit
cell, th
e FWHM could be incr
eased to
171 MHz. Besides that, combination
of resonating
frequencies techniq
u
e also
h
a
d in
cre
a
sed the
FW
HM m
o
re than
74% incr
em
ent
from
bas
i
c
un
it
cel
l w
ith
one resonance fr
eq
uency
.
Th
e
flexibl
e
nes
s
of t
h
e m
e
tam
a
t
e
ria
l
abs
o
rber could
i
n
creas
e
the fun
c
tional
i
t
y
of
the m
e
tam
a
t
e
ria
l
abs
o
rber to
be us
ed in an
y app
lic
ation
e
s
pecia
l
l
y
in
reducing
rad
a
r
cross section
for s
t
ealth
applicatio
n.
K
eyw
ords
:
Abs
o
rbe
r
key
w
or
d
Octago
n
a
l p
a
tch
Octago
n
a
l p
a
tch
Ultra th
i
n
Flexib
le
Copyright ©
201
8 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
H. Hassa
n,
Center
for Tele
comm
unication Resea
r
ch and Innovation (C
eTRI),
Facul
t
y
o
f
El
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
En
gi
nee
r
i
n
g &
C
o
m
put
er E
ngi
neeri
n
g
(F
KE
KK
),
Un
i
v
ersiti Tekn
ik
al Malaysia Melak
a
(UTeM),
H
a
ng
Tu
ah
Jay
a
, 761
00
Du
r
i
an
Tun
g
g
a
l, Melak
a
, Malaysia
Em
a
il: h
a
sn
izom
@stu
d
e
n
t
.u
tem
.
ed
u
.
my
1.
INTRODUCTION
Meta
m
a
terial
abs
o
rber is a kind of m
a
terial ar
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
ll
y engi
nee
r
e
d
t
o
ha
ve hi
g
h
l
y
abso
rba
n
ce
ch
aracteristics. It p
r
ov
id
es
p
r
o
p
e
rties wh
ich “
m
ay n
o
t
b
e
read
ily av
ailab
l
e in
n
a
ture”.
Meta
m
a
terial h
a
s wide
bene
fi
t
s
f
o
r
wi
rel
e
ss t
ech
n
o
l
o
gi
es, m
i
crowave
an
d m
i
ll
im
et
er wav
e
im
agi
ng a
ppl
i
cat
i
ons i
n
m
e
di
ci
ne,
securi
t
y
, a
n
d
m
a
ny
ot
her
ar
eas. O
p
e
r
at
i
n
g
ba
nd
wi
dt
h o
f
an a
b
s
o
r
b
er i
s
refe
rre
d t
o
a
s
t
h
e F
u
l
l
W
i
d
t
h Hal
f
Max
i
m
u
m
(FWHM
)
o
f
t
h
e ab
sorb
er
wh
ich
main
tain
s at l
east 50%
of t
h
e
abs
o
rbance
m
a
g
n
itud
e
[1
].
Norm
al
ly
FWH
M
is foun
d
i
n
b
e
t
w
een 3
%
to
5
%
fo
r
m
e
ta
materi
al
ab
so
rb
er
w
ith
su
bstrate p
e
rmittiv
ity
aro
und 4
and
th
ick
n
e
ss in b
e
tween
0
.
7
mm
to
1.0 mm
[1
-5].
Dual
ba
nd
m
e
tam
a
t
e
ri
al
abso
rbe
r
wi
t
h
ci
rc
u
l
ar
ri
n
g
desi
gn
has bee
n
pr
o
p
o
s
ed by
O. Ay
o
p
et
al
.
wi
t
h
desi
g
n
res
o
nat
e
d at
9 GHz
and
11
GHz
[4]
.
T
h
e su
bst
r
at
e used i
s
F
R
4, w
h
i
c
h i
s
ri
gi
d m
a
t
e
ri
al wi
t
h
th
ick
n
e
sses
0
.
8
mm
. Th
is le
ad
s to
t
h
e FWHM of 5.12
% an
d
3
.
08
%
resp
ectiv
ely. Dual b
a
nd
m
e
ta
material
abs
o
r
b
er al
s
o
has bee
n
prese
n
t
e
d
by
H. B
.
B
a
skey
i
n
hi
s
t
w
o t
ech
ni
cal
pape
rs [
6
,
7]
,
but
bot
h res
u
l
t
s
sh
o
w
nar
r
o
w
ba
nd
o
f
F
W
HM
a
b
s
o
r
b
ance
.
H. Lee an
d H
.
S. Lee have
p
r
o
p
o
sed a m
e
tho
d
t
o
ext
e
nd
t
h
e
m
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
rial
absor
b
e
r
ba
nd
wi
dt
h by
usi
n
g fi
ve
di
ff
erent
geom
et
ri
cal
di
m
e
nsi
on
of
u
n
i
t
cel
l
wh
i
c
h are a
rra
n
g
e
d
i
n
a
rray
[8]
.
H. Lee
an
d
H.
S. Lee
in
th
eir pap
e
r
h
a
d m
e
n
tio
n
e
d th
at th
e resu
lt
s show th
e
higher FWHM
increm
ent w
ith
v
e
rtical
arrange
m
e
n
t
.
W
i
de
r ba
ndwi
dth also ha
s been pre
s
ente
d by using com
b
ination of a fe
w adjacent res
ona
nce freque
ncies in
j
ourn
a
l en
titled
Bro
a
db
and
Ultrath
i
n
Low Profile Meta
material M
i
cr
o
w
av
e Ab
so
rber [9
] and
W
i
d
e
b
a
nd
Po
larization
-
Insen
s
itiv
e Metamaterial Ab
so
rb
er
with Perfect Du
al Reson
a
n
ces
[10
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:25
02-
475
2
I
ndo
n
e
sian
J Elec Eng
& Com
p
Sci, V
o
l. 10
,
No
.
3
,
Jun
e
2
018
:
8
33–
839
83
4
The c
o
m
p
arison
of m
a
teria
l
characteristi
cs use
d
for meta
m
a
terial
abs
o
rber [1-15]
shows
that
meta
m
a
terials
ab
so
rb
er research
es at X-b
a
nd
frequ
en
cy
ran
g
e
are still
li
mited
o
n
rig
i
d su
b
s
trate esp
e
ciall
y
u
s
ing
FR4
m
a
ter
i
al w
ith
th
ick
n
e
ss of
0
.
8
mm
an
d
above
[
1
], [3
], 4
]
, [
6
], [8
-10
]
, [
2
2
-
25
]. A
lth
ough
th
e
su
bstrate th
ickn
ess m
a
y affect th
e b
a
ndwid
th
o
f
ab
s
o
r
b
ance w
h
e
n
us
i
ng
very
t
h
i
n
m
a
t
e
ri
al
, band
wi
d
t
h
increm
ent technique c
oul
d
be
use
d
in order
to inc
r
eas
e the
FWHM
of t
h
e
abs
o
rber
[8-10]. Recently,
flexibl
e
material such as Denim
Jeans, Taco
ni
c TL
Y-
5, fast
Fi
l
m
D2
7, a
nd R
o
g
e
rs R
O
3
0
10
h
a
s been re
sear
ched
fo
r
othe
r kind of meta
m
a
terial
such
as Artific
ial
Ma
gnetic
Conductor (AMC), Fr
eque
ncy Selective Surface
(FSS
),
an
d Electro
nic
Ban
d
G
a
p (EBG
)
als
o
fo
r
fl
exi
b
l
e
a
n
t
e
nna
de
si
g
n
[
1
6-
2
1
]
.
Prev
iou
s
wo
rk o
n
o
c
tagon
al ab
so
rb
er con
c
ep
t h
a
d
b
e
en
rep
o
rted
i
n
p
a
per en
title, An
An
alysis of
Dual
-ba
n
d Oct
a
go
nal
R
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
ri
al
absor
b
er
[
22]
wa
s
usi
n
g
oct
a
g
o
n
a
l
ri
ng
desi
g
n
.
It
sh
ows t
h
e re
sul
t
s
of
ve
ry
l
o
w
F
W
HM
of
t
h
e a
b
so
r
b
er e
v
e
n
m
a
xim
u
m
absor
b
a
n
ce res
u
l
t
was
very
hi
g
h
and
al
m
o
st
t
o
be
per
f
ect
abs
o
rbance
at the res
o
na
nce freque
ncy. T
h
e l
o
w
FWHM
wa
s
affecte
d
by the thic
knes
s
of the m
a
terial u
s
ed as
the abs
o
rber s
ubst
r
ate. So that, refe
rring
to th
e last rep
o
r
t, th
e o
c
tag
onal co
n
cep
t is th
en
co
n
tinu
e
d to
b
e
d
e
sign
ed
on
ultra th
in
m
a
te
rial as th
e sub
s
trate. In
th
i
s
tech
n
i
cal p
a
p
e
r, sing
le b
a
n
d
u
ltra-t
h
in
flex
ib
le
oct
a
g
onal
m
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
ri
al
absor
b
er
has
been
d
e
si
gn a
n
d si
m
u
l
a
t
e
d by
usi
ng
C
S
T M
i
cro
w
a
v
e St
u
d
i
o
. Ul
t
r
a t
h
i
n
m
a
t
e
ri
al
, fast
Fi
lm
D27
was
use
d
as
th
e sub
s
trate of th
e ab
so
rb
er. In
ord
e
r to
g
e
t th
e b
e
st FWHM o
f
th
e
m
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
ri
al
abso
r
b
er
, t
w
o t
echni
que
s we
r
e
use
d
w
h
i
c
h
are triang
u
l
ar lattice o
f
un
it cell arrang
em
en
t and
com
b
i
n
at
i
on of
di
f
f
ere
n
t
re
so
n
a
t
i
ng fre
que
nci
e
s.
2.
FLE
X
IBLE OCTAGONAL
METAMATE
RIAL
ABSORBER
DESIGN
Th
e m
e
ta
mate
rial ab
sorb
er with
o
c
tagon
al p
a
tch
h
a
s been
d
e
si
g
n
e
d
o
n
u
ltra th
in
su
bstrate of
fastFil
m
-D27
with
th
ickn
ess
0.13
. Dielectric consta
nt of the
fast
Fil
m
-
D
27 su
bstr
ate is 2.7
w
ith
t
a
nge
nt
l
o
ss
o
f
0.
0
0
1
2
.
T
h
e s
t
ruct
u
r
e
of
t
h
e
m
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
ri
al
abs
o
r
b
er
co
nsi
s
t
s
of
PEC
oct
a
go
nal
pat
c
h
o
n
t
h
e
su
bstr
ate
w
ith fu
ll PEC
g
r
ou
nd
ed
as show
n in
Figu
r
e
1
(
a
)
and
(
b
).
Sub
s
trate
size
of
th
e
un
it
cell
is
1
8
1
8
an
d t
h
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
eac
h
oct
a
g
o
n
al
pat
c
h si
de i
s
4
.
16
.
(a)
(b)
Fig
u
re
1
.
Desi
g
n
of
un
it cell o
c
tago
n
a
l
p
a
tch
m
e
ta
m
a
terial
s ab
so
rb
er
C
S
T
m
i
crowa
v
e
st
u
d
i
o
has been use
d
i
n
desi
g
n
i
n
g
a
nd sim
u
l
a
t
i
ng
t
h
e
st
ruct
u
r
e of m
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
ri
al
s
ab
so
rb
er.
W
i
t
h
un
it cell b
ound
ary setting
,
on
e
u
n
it cell of
o
c
tago
n
a
l m
e
tamaterial ab
so
rb
er
w
ill b
e
i
n
fi
n
itely
array
e
d
usi
n
g s
qua
re l
a
t
t
i
ce as sho
w
n i
n
Fi
gu
re 2 (a)
.
B
e
si
d
e
s t
h
at
, t
h
e uni
t
cel
l coul
d al
s
o
be fi
ni
t
e
l
y
array
e
d
usi
n
g t
r
i
a
n
gul
a
r
l
a
t
t
i
ce as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
re
2
(
b
)
by
i
n
t
r
od
u
c
i
ng
hy
pot
e
nus
e f
o
rm
ul
ae. C
o
m
p
ari
s
on i
n
be
t
w
een
th
ese two
array
e
d
co
nd
ition
has b
e
en
an
alysed
in term
s o
f
t
h
e effect t
o
th
e ab
so
rb
an
ce
b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
.
(a
)
(
b
)
Fig
u
re
2
.
Arran
g
e
m
e
n
t
of
u
n
i
t cell array
(a)
n
o
rm
al lat
tice (b
) triang
u
l
ar lattice
t
L
k
L
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g& C
o
m
p
Sci
ISS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
47
52
U
ltra
Th
i
n
Flexib
le O
c
tagon
al Meta
m
a
t
eria
l
s
Ab
so
rb
er (
H
. Ha
ssa
n
)
83
5
Furt
her a
n
al
y
s
i
s
al
so has
been
do
ne wi
t
h
t
h
e com
b
i
n
at
i
on o
f
fo
ur
di
ffe
re
nt
reso
na
nce f
r
eq
uenci
e
s
i
n
or
der t
o
i
n
crea
se F
W
HM
of
t
h
e m
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
ri
al
abso
rbe
r
. T
a
bl
e 1 s
h
o
w
s t
h
e f
o
u
r
di
ffe
re
nt
pat
c
h si
des,
k o
f
oct
a
g
onal
pat
c
h wi
t
h
t
h
ei
r
re
spect
i
v
e r
e
so
n
a
nce f
r
eq
ue
nci
e
s. The
f
o
u
r
d
i
ffere
nt
res
o
na
nce f
r
eq
ue
nci
e
s ha
ve
been c
h
oose
d
by taking the freque
ncy at the 50% a
b
s
o
rba
n
ce of each
ne
ighbour re
s
ona
nce freque
ncy. Then,
the four
reaona
nce fre
que
ncy
was c
o
m
b
in
ed
with
th
e obj
ectiv
e
to
g
e
t
h
i
gher absorba
n
ce
bandwidth. T
h
ere are
three cases for the com
b
ination a
rra
nge
m
e
n
t
whi
c
h are
on
x-a
x
i
s
ho
ri
zo
n
t
al arrangem
ent (case 1),
on
y-axis
vertical arrangem
ent (case 2) an
d s
q
ua
re ar
ra
ngem
e
nt
wi
t
h
com
b
i
n
at
i
on
o
f
h
o
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l
an
d
vert
i
cal
arra
ngem
e
nt (c
ase 3).
All the
visual a
r
r
a
ng
emen
ts ar
e show
n in
Figu
r
e
3.
Tabl
e 1. Fo
ur
di
ffe
re
nt
oct
a
g
onal
pat
c
h
si
ze
s
wi
t
h
res
p
ect
i
v
e reso
na
nce fr
eque
nci
e
s
Patch side,
k
(m
m
)
Resonance Fr
equency
(GHz
)
M
a
x
i
mu
m
Absorbance (%)
f
1
4.
16
10
99.
97
f
2
4.
18
9.
94
99.
91
f
3
4.
20
9.
87
99.
99
f
4
4.
22
9.
85
99.
99
(
a
)
(a)
(b)
(c
)
Fi
gu
re 3.
C
o
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n of
f
o
u
r
di
ffe
rent
res
o
nance
f
r
eq
ue
nc
ies as one
unit cell (a) case
1 (b) case
2
(c) ca
se 3
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
The res
u
l
t
s
be
gi
n wi
t
h
S
11
an
d
ab
so
rb
an
ce o
f
u
ltra-th
in flex
ib
le o
c
tag
o
n
a
l p
a
tch
meta
m
a
terial
ab
so
rb
er
with
sq
uare lattice
arran
g
e
m
e
n
t
of un
it cell as
sh
own
in
Figure 4
.
S
11
r
e
su
l
t
sh
ow
s -3
4.52
d
B
resu
lting
in
99.96
% of m
a
x
i
m
u
m ab
so
rb
ance. Fu
ll
W
i
d
t
h
Half Max
i
m
u
m (FW
H
M
)
o
f
th
e u
ltra th
in
flex
ib
le
oct
a
g
onal
m
e
tam
a
t
e
ri
al
absorbe
r
i
s
13
5 M
H
z (
1
.
35%
).
Th
is is to
o
low co
m
p
ared
to
FWHM
o
f
th
e
prev
i
o
us
r
e
sear
ch
of
o
c
tag
o
n
a
l m
e
ta
mater
i
al ab
sor
b
er
[2
2
]
aro
und 4
%
u
s
i
n
g
FR-
4
as th
e sub
s
tr
ate w
ith
0
.
8
mm
thickne
ss. The
lowe
r
FWHM
are
affected
by
t
h
e
ul
t
r
a t
h
i
n
a
n
d
hi
gh
di
el
ect
ric constant
of
the s
ubst
r
ate used.
(a)
(b)
Figu
re
4
.
(a
)S
11
(
d
B) and
(b
)
a
b
s
orb
a
n
c
e (
%
)
o
f
th
e
o
c
tagonal p
a
tch
m
e
ta
mater
i
als ab
so
rber
f
1
f
2
f
3
f
4
f
f
f
f
f
1
f
1
f
2
f
2
f
3
f
3
f
4
f
4
f
2
f
2
f
3
f
3
f
1
f
1
f
4
f
4
Fr
equ
ency
(
G
H
z
)
9.
0
9
.
5
10.
0
10.
5
11.
0
Ab
s
o
r
b
ance (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fr
eq
uency (G
H
z
)
9
.
0
9
.5
1
0
.0
1
0
.5
1
1
.0
S
11
(dB
)
-3
0
-2
0
-1
0
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:25
02-
475
2
I
ndo
n
e
sian
J Elec Eng
& Com
p
Sci, V
o
l. 10
,
No
.
3
,
Jun
e
2
018
:
8
33–
839
83
6
Fre
que
nc
y (G
H
z
)
9
.
0
9
.5
10
.0
10
.5
1
1
.0
A
b
s
orbance (%)
0
20
40
60
80
10
0
t
r
ian
g
u
la
r la
t
t
ice
n
o
r
m
a
l lat
t
i
c
e
Figure 5 (a
) and (b) shows
the
surface curre
nt at 10 GHz, where
it can be seen t
h
at the high
conce
n
t
r
at
i
o
n
of a
n
t
i
-
pa
ral
l
e
l
curre
nt
fl
o
w
h
a
ppe
ne
d i
n
b
e
t
w
een
the fron
t an
d
b
ack
o
c
tag
o
n
a
l m
e
ta
l la
yer o
f
th
e u
ltra th
in
flex
ib
le o
c
tagon
al
m
e
ta
m
a
terial ab
so
rb
er. Th
e an
ti-p
a
rallel cu
rren
t
flow is co
n
t
ribu
tes
to
th
e
hi
g
h
m
a
gnet
i
c
reso
nance at
10
GHz
. The
n
i
t
had resul
t
i
ng t
o
t
h
e hi
g
h
abso
rba
n
ce r
a
t
e
at
t
h
e resonanc
e
fre
que
ncy
.
(a)
(
b
)
Fi
gu
re
5.
S
u
r
f
a
ce cu
rre
nt
fl
ow
(a)
i
n
fr
o
n
t
(
b
)
bac
k
of
t
h
e
oc
t
a
go
nal
pa
ch
m
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
ri
al
s absor
b
e
r
The
n
, c
o
m
p
ari
s
on
o
f
m
a
xim
u
m
absor
b
a
n
ce
bet
w
ee
n s
qua
r
e
and t
r
i
a
n
gul
a
r
l
a
t
t
i
ce arran
g
e
m
e
nt
sho
w
s
max
i
m
u
m
ab
so
rb
an
ce of the u
ltra th
i
n
flexib
le o
c
tagon
al
meta
m
a
terial a
b
sorb
er
with
t
r
iang
u
l
ar lattic
e h
a
s
decrease
d
to
87.27% at ab
so
rba
n
ce f
r
eq
ue
n
c
y
of 9.
9
3
G
H
z as sh
o
w
n i
n
Fi
g
u
re
6. M
eanw
h
i
l
e
, t
r
i
a
n
gul
a
r
lattice arrang
emen
t o
f
th
e un
i
t
cell array lead
s t
o
t
h
e
in
cremen
t o
f
FWH
M
to
1
67
MH
z at 9.97 GH
z,
w
h
ich
is
hi
g
h
er t
h
an
s
qua
re l
a
t
t
i
ce arra
ngem
e
nt
wi
t
h
sl
i
g
ht
l
y
decrem
ent
of
reso
na
nce f
r
e
que
ncy
.
Wh
e
n
t
h
e
opt
i
m
i
zati
on t
o
res
onat
e
at
1
0
G
H
z
pr
ocess
has
bee
n
do
ne
to
th
e un
it cell
with
trian
g
u
l
ar lattice arrang
emen
t,
the ne
w m
a
xim
u
m
absorba
n
ce is 88.1
% wi
th
F
W
HM
o
f
17
1
M
H
z. The
in
creasi
n
g of
FWHM for tri
a
ngular
lattice arrange
m
ent
m
a
y be a
ffected by t
h
e
decreasi
n
g
ga
p
bet
w
ee
n
oct
a
g
onal
pat
c
h
e
s.
Figure
6. Com
p
aris
on of a
b
s
o
rba
n
ce i
n
between s
q
ua
re and triang
u
l
ar lattice arrang
em
en
t of th
e un
it cell
Nex
t
,
th
e u
ltra
th
in
flex
ib
le octag
o
n
a
l
m
e
ta
materi
al
absorber has bee
n
r
earran
g
e
d
with
co
m
b
in
atio
n
of
fo
ur
di
f
f
er
ent
res
ona
nce
fre
que
nci
e
s.
W
i
t
h
an
opt
i
m
i
zat
i
on pr
oc
ess, t
h
e res
u
l
t
s
of t
h
e
3 ca
ses of
com
b
ination te
chni
que
are
com
p
ared at 10
GHz
as s
h
own
in Figure
7 a
n
d also as
in
t
e
p
r
a
t
ed
i
n
Tabl
e 1.
2.
C
o
m
b
i
n
at
i
on o
f
t
h
e f
o
ur
di
ffe
rent
res
o
na
nce
fre
que
nci
e
s o
n
x
–a
xi
s (case
1) l
ead
s t
o
t
h
e
i
n
creasi
n
g
of
F
W
HM
t
o
22
1 M
H
z
whi
c
h i
s
63
.7
% h
i
ghe
r t
h
a
n
bas
i
c one
u
n
i
t
ce
l
l
wi
t
h
o
n
e
re
son
a
nce
fr
eq
u
e
ncy
.
Maxim
u
m
absorba
n
ce
of t
h
e
horizontal com
b
ination is
94
.58%, whic
h
is alm
o
st
perfect abs
o
rbance
.
Fi
gure 8
sh
ows t
h
e po
wer lo
ss
d
e
nsities o
f
t
h
e ho
rizon
t
al co
m
b
in
atio
n
at
two
d
i
fferen
t
reson
a
n
ce freq
u
e
n
c
ies, 10
GHz
an
d
9
.
9
4
GHz. Th
e po
wer lo
ss d
e
n
s
ities
are co
n
c
en
trated
on
two
or th
ree
n
e
igh
boring
p
a
tch
o
f
th
e un
it cell at
diffe
re
nt
res
o
n
a
nce fre
q
u
ency
.
At 10
G
H
z, it
sh
ow
s
th
e po
w
e
r
l
o
ss w
a
s h
i
gh
at
f
1
,
m
e
anw
h
i
l
e
at
9.
94
GHz
,
th
e
pow
er
lo
ss w
a
s h
i
gh
bo
th
at
f
1
and
f
2
beca
use of
t
h
e ne
gh
bo
u
r
i
n
g
re
so
na
nce fre
que
nci
e
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g& C
o
m
p
Sci
ISS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
47
52
U
ltra
Th
i
n
Flexib
le O
c
tagon
al Meta
m
a
t
eria
l
s
Ab
so
rb
er (
H
. Ha
ssa
n
)
83
7
Freq
uenc
y (GHz)
9
.
6
9
.8
10
.0
10
.2
1
0
.4
A
b
s
o
rb
anc
e
(%
)
0
20
40
60
80
10
0
Cas
e
1
Cas
e
2
Cas
e
3
Fi
gu
re
7.
A
b
s
o
rba
n
ce c
o
m
p
ar
i
s
ons
bet
w
een
3 cases
o
f
c
o
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n t
e
c
hni
que
o
f
fo
u
r
di
ff
erent
res
ona
nc
e
fre
que
nci
e
s
Table
2. C
o
m
p
arisons
betwee
n
3 cases
of c
o
m
b
ination technique
Ca
s
e
F
W
HM
(
M
Hz
)
M
a
xim
u
m
Absorbance (%)
1 221
94.
58
2 196
95.
44
3 236
96.
20
(a)
(b
)
Fig
u
re
8
.
Po
wer lo
ss den
s
ities
o
f
th
e
ho
rizon
t
al co
m
b
in
atio
n (a) at 10
GHz
(b) at
9
.
9
4
GHz
Next
, t
h
e com
b
i
n
at
i
o
n o
f
f
o
u
r
di
f
f
ere
n
t
res
o
nan
ce
fre
quenc
i
es on y-a
x
is (vertical) s
h
ows
the FWHM
of
19
6 M
H
z
,
s
l
i
ght
l
y
l
o
wer t
h
an
h
o
ri
zo
nt
al
com
b
i
n
atio
n
.
Resu
lt o
f
th
e
max
i
m
u
m
absorba
n
ce for thi
s
case
was
di
vi
ded
i
n
t
o
t
w
o
pea
k
s
w
h
i
c
h
are
8
7
.
8
2
%
at
9.
96
G
H
z
an
d
9
5
.
4
4
%
at
1
0
.
0
4
GHz
. S
qua
re c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
on
of
fo
ur di
f
f
ere
n
t
r
e
so
nance fre
q
u
e
nci
e
s, whi
c
h
i
s
com
b
i
n
at
i
on of h
o
ri
zo
nt
al
a
nd ve
rt
i
cal
arra
ngem
e
nt
,
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
to
th
e h
i
g
h
e
st FWHM, 23
6 MHz
in
b
e
t
w
een
9
.
8
7
4
GH
z u
n
til
10
.11
GHz. Th
e
h
i
g
h
e
st
FWHM o
f
th
e u
ltra
th
in
flex
i
b
le octag
o
n
a
l m
e
ta
material ab
so
rb
er sh
ow
s
7
4
.8
% in
crem
en
t fro
m
FW
HM
o
f
b
a
sic un
it cell with
one
res
ona
nce
fre
que
ncy
.
In t
h
e m
eant
i
m
e
, the m
a
xim
u
m
a
b
sorbance is
96.2%
occurre
d at 10
GHz
, which is
relatively high
abs
o
rbance
.
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Provi
d
e Ultra
thin Flexi
b
le
octagonal m
e
ta
m
a
teri
al absorbe
r
ha
s bee
n
success
f
ully designe
d a
n
d
analyzed at 10 GHz. T
h
e us
e of ultra thi
n
fastFilm
-D
2
7
was very
use
f
ul
i
n
t
e
rm
s of fl
exi
b
l
e
ness
of t
h
e
meta
m
a
terial a
b
sorb
er. Triang
u
l
ar lattice arrang
em
en
t o
f
u
n
it cell h
a
s been
prov
ed
to i
n
crease t
h
e ful
l
width
h
a
l
f
ma
x
i
mu
m (
F
W
H
M
)
o
f
t
h
e
me
t
a
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
a
b
s
o
r
b
er. For
th
e propo
sed
d
e
sign
, u
ltra
t
h
in
flex
ib
le
meta
m
a
terial
with
co
m
b
in
atio
n
of fou
r
d
i
fferen
t re
s
ona
n
ce fre
que
nci
e
s
had i
n
c
r
ease
d
t
h
e F
W
HM
t
o
m
o
re
th
an 74
%. Th
e fab
r
icated d
e
sig
n
will b
e
m
e
asu
r
ed later for th
e
v
e
rificatio
n of t
h
e sim
u
latio
n
resu
lts.
Th
en
,
t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
sed
d
e
si
gn al
s
o
co
ul
d be
use
fo
r f
u
rt
her
resea
r
ch
wo
rk
t
o
i
n
c
r
ea
se t
h
e F
W
HM
of
ul
t
r
a t
h
i
n
fl
exi
b
l
e
meta
m
a
ter
i
al a
b
sorb
er
to
100%. Mean
wh
ile, th
e f
l
ex
ib
leness o
f
th
e pro
p
o
s
ed
sub
s
tr
ate co
u
l
d
b
e
inv
e
stig
ate
f
1
f
2
f
3
f
4
f
1
f
2
f
3
f
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:25
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475
2
I
ndo
n
e
sian
J Elec Eng
& Com
p
Sci, V
o
l. 10
,
No
.
3
,
Jun
e
2
018
:
8
33–
839
83
8
furth
e
r with oth
e
r
flex
ib
le
materials o
r
desig
n
t
o
in
crease th
e fun
c
tio
n
a
lity o
f
th
e
m
e
ta
m
a
terial
ab
so
rb
er
wh
ich
can
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
an
y ab
so
rb
er ap
p
l
i
catio
n
esp
ecial
ly in
red
u
c
ing
rad
a
r cro
ss sectio
n
fo
r m
i
litar
y
an
d
stealth
app
licatio
n
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
Th
e au
thor
s
w
i
sh
t
o
t
h
ank
t
h
e Min
i
str
y
o
f
Scien
ce, Techno
lo
g
y
and
In
novatio
n
(
M
OSTI) and
Cen
t
r
e
for Research
an
d In
nov
atio
n
Man
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(CRIM) of
Un
i
v
ersiti Tek
n
i
k
a
l
Malaysia Me
lak
a
(UTeM)
fo
r t
h
e
su
ppo
r
t
of
th
is
w
o
r
k
und
er th
e gr
an
t
nu
m
b
er
o
f
PJP/
2
017
/FK
E
KK
/HI
/
10
/
S
01
530
.
REFERE
NC
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In
d
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a
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E
l
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p
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ISS
N
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Ha
sniz
om Ha
ssa
n ha
s
received her B
a
chelor Degr
ee
in El
ectr
i
c
a
l
Engin
eering
(Tel
ecom
m
unication) from
Uni
v
ersiti Tekno
lo
gi Malay
s
ia in
2008 and Ma
ster Degree in
Electrical Eng
i
n
eering in 2012.
Now she is doi
ng her Philosoph
y
Degree (PhD) at Universit
i
Teknik
a
l Malay
s
ia Melaka star
tin
g from 2015
M
a
is
arah Abu rece
ived her Ba
chelor Degr
ee
of Engineer
ing
in ele
c
tri
c
a
l
en
gineer
ing from
Universiti T
e
kn
ologi MARA in 2001. Then
, she receiv
e
d
her Master f
r
om
Universit
i
Kebangsaan Malay
s
ia
in 2003
. In 2012, she
received h
e
r Ph
D from
Universiti T
e
knologi
Malay
s
ia for h
e
r thesis on Dipole Antenna
and Artifizial Magnetic Conductor for RFID
Application. She was em
ploy
ed as a lectur
er at
U
n
iversiti
Teknik
a
l Malay
s
ia Mel
a
ka since 2003.
Now s
h
e is a
S
e
nior Lec
t
urer
with res
earch
inter
e
st of RF,
Microwave and
Antenna with
Me
ta
ma
te
ria
l
(EBG,
AMB,
a
n
d
FSS) a
nd RFID.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.