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E
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Science
Vo
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23
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.
2
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20
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C
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:
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Haf
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J
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NT
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(
Z
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[
1
]
.
O
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m
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a
[
2
]
-
[
8
]
.
Z
in
c
o
x
id
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as
h
e
x
ag
o
n
al
s
tr
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with
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p
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m
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ally
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in
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Z
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2+
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O
2
-
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n
s
th
at
s
tack
ed
alter
n
ately
alo
n
g
c
-
ax
is
[
9
]
.
B
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au
s
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o
f
its
d
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n
a
m
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s
tr
u
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wid
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x
id
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s
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d
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o
r
s
[
10
]
,
[
11
]
.
Hy
d
r
o
th
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m
al
s
y
n
th
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tech
n
iq
u
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h
as
b
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m
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p
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ab
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s
y
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t
h
esis
m
eth
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d
d
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to
its
s
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p
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r
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wth
co
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it
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u
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to
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wth
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Fu
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s
u
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a
s
ca
lcin
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an
d
g
r
in
d
in
g
[
12
]
.
Hy
d
r
o
th
er
m
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
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n
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J
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E
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g
&
C
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p
Sci
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N:
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-
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A
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…
(
Mo
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Ha
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li
)
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tech
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iq
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x
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ev
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iq
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lo
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(
b
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)
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y
ield
a
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d
m
o
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e
co
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tr
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llab
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
c
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y
s
tal
co
u
l
d
g
r
o
wth
in
d
iv
er
s
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
s
h
ap
es
wh
ich
r
elied
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
s
tar
tin
g
m
ix
tu
r
e,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
an
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
T
h
u
s
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
h
ig
h
p
u
r
ity
m
ater
ial
with
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
cr
y
s
tallin
ity
[
13
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
h
ase
s
y
n
th
esis
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
an
aq
u
e
o
u
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
at
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
b
o
ilin
g
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
wate
r
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
s
im
p
licity
,
to
ler
ab
le
g
r
o
wth
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
l
o
w
co
s
t,
it
is
a
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
s
y
n
th
esis
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
v
er
g
aseo
u
s
p
h
ase
s
y
n
th
esis
[
14
]
.
E
x
ten
s
iv
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
g
r
o
win
g
Z
n
O
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if
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p
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s
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ates,
alu
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il,
p
last
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o
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e
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PEN
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ates,
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ates,
p
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ly
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ates
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O/PET
s
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b
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ates.
Desp
ite
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m
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ch
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o
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e
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o
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ce
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e
d
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en
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io
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al
(
1
-
D)
n
a
n
o
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o
d
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h
av
e
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
attr
ib
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te
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ap
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e
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cin
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tr
o
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-
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o
le
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air
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ec
o
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b
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n
atio
n
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies,
d
ir
ec
t
ch
ar
g
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
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al
o
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g
with
Z
n
O
a
r
r
ay
s
,
h
ig
h
er
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
to
-
v
o
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m
e
r
atio
an
d
c
h
e
m
ically
r
ea
ctiv
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
[
15
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
h
ig
h
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
o
x
y
g
en
v
ac
a
n
cies
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w
m
an
y
ac
tiv
e
s
ites
f
o
r
m
o
lecu
les
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
[
16
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
o
p
tim
u
m
n
an
o
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o
d
s
p
h
y
s
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
wh
ich
v
er
tically
g
r
o
wth
is
it
r
eq
u
i
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ed
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
an
d
p
r
ec
i
s
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
T
h
er
e
wer
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n
u
m
e
r
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s
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tu
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ies o
n
i
m
p
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o
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tr
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ctu
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tim
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y
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esis
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o
ce
s
s
s
u
ch
as
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
alter
at
io
n
s
[
17
]
,
[
18
]
,
g
r
o
wth
d
u
r
at
io
n
[
19
]
,
g
r
o
wth
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
[
20
]
a
n
d
s
o
lv
en
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
[
21
]
.
Gr
o
wth
d
u
r
ati
o
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is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
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t
im
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ch
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ity
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th
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o
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tical
s
ca
tter
in
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cr
o
s
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tio
n
.
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h
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im
en
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io
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s
co
u
ld
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g
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th
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tical
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esp
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ter
m
o
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atten
u
atio
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co
ef
f
icien
ts
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d
s
ca
tter
in
g
[
22
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
wo
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l
d
ex
p
lain
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o
m
p
r
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ates
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ased
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2.
O
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o
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atin
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tific
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n
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s
.
2
.
1
.
P
re
pa
ra
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s
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ra
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Fo
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th
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r
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Fig
u
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1
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d
.
Fig
u
r
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1
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Glass
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ates p
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2
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2
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s
Fig
u
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2
s
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r
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ates.
T
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h
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r
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s
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n
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.
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ates
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[
23
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.
Fig
u
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3
.
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1
:
1
m
o
l
a
r
r
a
ti
o
o
f
z
i
n
c
n
i
t
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
H
M
T
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
g
o
o
d
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
[
18
]
.
Prio
r
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
wth
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
n
th
e
g
lass
s
u
b
s
tr
ates,
th
e
s
etu
p
f
o
r
th
e
s
tag
e
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
tag
e
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
g
ap
b
e
twee
n
th
e
s
ee
d
e
d
a
r
ea
o
f
th
e
g
lass
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
an
d
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
p
etr
i
d
is
h
.
E
v
en
tu
ally
th
e
s
ee
d
ed
g
lass
es
wer
e
p
lace
d
o
n
th
e
s
ta
g
es
in
s
id
e
th
e
p
etr
i
d
is
h
with
th
e
s
ee
d
ed
ar
ea
we
r
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
f
ac
in
g
d
o
w
n
war
d
s
to
th
e
b
o
tto
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
etr
i
d
is
h
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
.
Af
ter
th
at,
th
e
s
ee
d
ed
g
lass
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
wer
e
s
u
b
m
er
g
ed
in
2
0
0
m
l
o
f
th
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
an
d
c
o
o
k
e
d
in
a
90
˚C
o
v
en
in
a
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
an
d
(
c)
.
T
o
m
ain
tain
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
g
r
o
wth
r
ate,
th
e
s
y
n
th
esis
s
o
lu
tio
n
was
ch
an
g
ed
ev
er
y
5
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
Z
n
O
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
1
2
h
o
u
r
s
in
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t.
T
h
e
1
2
h
g
r
o
wth
tim
e
was
ch
o
s
en
b
ec
au
s
e
it
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
o
f
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
d
e
n
s
ity
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
e
r
g
r
o
wth
h
o
u
r
s
am
p
le
wh
ich
allo
w
m
a
x
im
u
m
lig
h
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
an
d
lim
it
th
e
b
ac
k
s
c
atter
in
g
wh
ich
en
h
a
n
ce
d
th
e
c
o
u
p
lin
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
wth
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
co
m
p
leted
b
y
e
x
tr
ac
tin
g
th
e
s
am
p
les
an
d
wash
in
g
th
e
m
in
DI
wate
r
s
ev
er
al
tim
es.
Fig
u
r
e
8
d
ep
icts
th
e
co
ated
g
l
ass
with
Z
n
O
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
d
)
)
.
Du
e
to
th
e
q
u
ick
er
th
e
r
m
al
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
o
f
h
ex
am
in
e
an
d
th
e
r
elea
s
e
o
f
m
o
r
e
OH
–
at
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
th
e
s
y
n
th
esis
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
g
r
o
wth
r
ate
o
f
Z
n
O
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
p
r
o
ce
s
s
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
9
0
˚C
d
is
p
lay
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
h
o
to
ca
taly
tic
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
etter
ar
r
ay
o
f
Z
n
O
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
e
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
lev
el.
I
t is d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ig
h
er
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
g
en
er
ate
d
o
n
th
e
s
am
p
le
[
18
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
21
:
694
-
70
0
698
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Pre
p
a
r
atio
n
o
f
1
0
m
M
Z
n
O
g
r
o
wth
s
o
lu
tio
n
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Z
n
O
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
g
r
o
wt
h
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e;
(
a)
se
ed
ed
g
lass
im
m
er
s
e
in
g
r
o
wth
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
(
b
)
sa
m
p
les p
u
t in
o
v
en
,
(
c)
h
ea
te
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
o
v
en
a
n
d
(
d
)
Z
n
O
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
c
o
ated
g
lass
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
T
h
e
Hitach
i
m
o
d
el
3
4
0
0
N
was
u
s
ed
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
o
f
Z
n
O
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
g
r
o
win
g
o
n
g
lass
s
u
r
f
ac
es
u
s
in
g
f
ield
em
is
s
io
n
s
ca
n
n
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
m
ic
r
o
s
co
p
y
(
FESE
M)
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
ch
em
ical
co
n
s
titu
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
les
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
en
er
g
y
d
is
p
er
s
iv
e
X
-
r
ay
(
E
DX)
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
d
ep
icte
d
th
e
E
DX
elem
en
tal
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
co
atin
g
s
am
p
le
s
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
o
n
ly
zin
c
an
d
o
x
y
g
en
[
2
7]
.
Ov
e
r
all
FESE
M
im
a
g
es
o
f
th
e
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
o
n
th
e
g
lass
s
u
r
f
ac
e
at
5
k
X
a
n
d
2
0
.
0
0
k
X
m
ag
n
if
icatio
n
s
u
s
in
g
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
y
n
th
esis
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a
)
an
d
(
b
)
.
W
h
er
e
as
FESE
M
im
ag
es
o
f
th
e
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
g
lass
s
u
r
f
ac
e
at
5
k
X
an
d
2
0
.
0
0
k
X
m
ag
n
if
icatio
n
s
u
s
in
g
o
p
tim
u
m
s
y
n
th
esis
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
(
a)
a
n
d
(
b
)
.
I
t
c
an
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
Z
n
O
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
m
o
r
p
h
o
l
o
g
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
g
r
o
wth
in
alig
n
ed
v
er
tical
d
ir
e
ctio
n
as
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
er
e
th
e
g
r
o
wth
d
i
r
ec
ted
h
o
r
izo
n
tally
.
I
t
also
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
d
en
s
ity
(
3
x
1
0
13
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
/m
2
)
o
f
th
e
o
p
tim
u
m
s
y
n
t
h
esis
p
r
o
ce
s
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
y
a
f
ac
to
r
o
f
2
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
r
ec
en
t
m
eth
o
d
[
2
8]
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
war
d
an
d
b
ac
k
war
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
in
t
o
t
h
e
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
was
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
s
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
lig
h
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
eh
av
io
u
r
in
s
id
e
th
e
m
icr
o
f
i
b
r
e.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
wo
u
ld
v
ar
y
d
e
p
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
1
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
les s
o
lely
co
n
tain
zin
c
a
n
d
o
x
y
g
e
n
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
E
DX
elem
en
tal
an
aly
s
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
lig
n
ed
ve
r
tica
l g
r
o
w
th
o
f zin
c
o
xid
e
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
o
n
g
la
s
s
s
u
b
s
tr
a
tes u
s
in
g
o
p
timu
m
…
(
Mo
h
d
Ha
fiz
Ja
li
)
699
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Z
n
O
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
co
at
ed
g
lass
g
r
o
w
in
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
d
ir
ec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
y
n
t
h
esis
p
r
o
ce
s
s
;
(
a)
5
k
X
m
a
g
n
if
icatio
n
an
d
(
b
)
1
0
k
X
m
ag
n
if
icatio
n
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Z
n
O
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
g
r
o
w
in
u
n
if
o
r
m
an
d
v
er
tically
ali
g
n
with
o
p
tim
u
m
s
y
n
th
esis
p
r
o
ce
s
s
;
(
a)
5
k
X
m
a
g
n
if
icatio
n
an
d
(
b
)
1
0
k
X
m
ag
n
if
icatio
n
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
an
o
p
tim
u
m
h
y
d
r
o
th
e
r
m
al
s
y
n
th
esis
tech
n
i
q
u
e
to
g
r
o
w
alig
n
ed
zin
c
o
x
id
e
(
Z
n
O)
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
v
er
tically
o
n
t
h
e
g
la
s
s
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
.
I
t
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
o
p
tim
ized
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
alter
atio
n
s
,
g
r
o
wth
d
u
r
atio
n
,
g
r
o
w
th
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
lv
en
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
n
an
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
iza
tio
n
,
th
e
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
g
r
o
wth
h
as b
ee
n
d
ir
ec
te
d
u
p
war
d
s
v
e
r
tically
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
h
ig
h
er
Z
n
O
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
d
en
s
ity
u
p
to
3
10
13
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
/m
2
wh
ich
is
d
o
u
b
le
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
y
n
th
esis
tech
n
iq
u
e.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
h
y
d
r
o
th
e
r
m
al
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
wo
r
k
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
p
tim
u
m
s
y
n
th
esis
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
g
r
o
w
a
well
alig
n
Z
n
O
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
wh
ich
g
r
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1
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C.
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K
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6
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7
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