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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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g
h
i
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
SP
D
T
s
w
it
c
h
is
b
as
e
d
o
n
G
a
N
h
i
g
h
-
e
l
ec
t
r
o
n
m
o
b
i
l
it
y
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
(
H
E
M
T
)
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
w
i
t
h
MO
C
V
D
-
g
r
o
w
n
A
l
G
aN
/
G
aN
h
e
t
e
r
o
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
n
1
0
0
-
m
m
s
e
m
i
-
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
S
i
C
s
u
b
s
t
r
at
e
s
.
T
h
es
e
m
a
te
r
i
a
l
s
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
r
n
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
h
o
w
ev
e
r
,
o
f
t
e
n
c
o
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
f
a
b
r
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
w
o
u
l
d
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
s
.
T
h
e
n
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
a
n
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
c
a
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
S
P
D
T
s
w
i
t
c
h
d
es
i
g
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
i
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
e
ct
i
o
n
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
(
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
t
o
c
a
p
a
ci
t
a
n
c
e)
i
n
s
e
r
i
es
w
i
t
h
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
s
h
u
n
t
P
I
N
d
i
o
d
e
[
9
]
.
T
h
is
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
t
h
e
p
a
r
as
it
ic
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
P
I
N
d
i
o
d
e
n
e
a
r
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
.
A
s
a
r
e
s
u
l
t
,
at
t
h
a
t
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
i
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
t
h
e
i
s
o
l
at
i
o
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
i
s
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
h
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
l
i
m
i
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
s
o
l
at
i
o
n
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
le
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
t
a
n
k
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
o
f
i
n
d
u
ct
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
a
p
a
c
it
a
n
c
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
SP
DT
s
witch
in
a
m
i
llime
ter
wav
e
MI
MO
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
[
1
]
I
n
m
icr
o
wav
e
an
d
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
,
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
in
t
eg
r
ated
wav
eg
u
i
d
e
(
SIW)
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
a
s
u
itab
le
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
p
o
wer
d
iv
id
er
[
1
1
]
,
f
ilter
[
1
2
]
an
d
an
ten
n
a
[
1
3
]
:
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
co
m
p
ac
t
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
,
lo
w
in
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
,
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
f
ac
to
r
(
QF)
,
an
d
ca
n
ea
s
ily
in
teg
r
ate
with
p
lan
ar
R
F
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
[
1
4
]
.
O
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
s
witch
ab
le
d
esig
n
s
f
o
r
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
MI
MO
s
u
ch
as
s
witch
ab
le
d
ip
lex
er
[
1
5
]
,
s
witch
ab
l
e
lo
w
n
o
is
e
am
p
lifi
er
(
L
NA)
[
1
6
]
an
d
s
witch
ab
le
an
ten
n
a
[
1
7
]
.
B
esid
es,
o
u
r
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
witch
ab
le
m
i
cr
o
s
tr
ip
r
eso
n
at
o
r
i
n
R
F sw
itch
d
esig
n
(
SP
DT
an
d
DPDT
)
f
o
r
is
o
latio
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t [
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
a
n
d
m
u
ltib
an
d
is
o
latio
n
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
in
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
MI
MO
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
[
1
]
,
th
is
p
ap
e
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
a
SP
DT
d
is
cr
ete
s
witch
d
esig
n
u
s
in
g
s
witch
ab
le
SIW
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
witch
ab
le
SIW
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
ca
n
b
e
s
witch
ed
b
etwe
en
allp
ass
an
d
b
an
d
s
to
p
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wh
er
e
th
e
is
o
latio
n
o
f
th
e
SP
DT
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
b
an
d
s
to
p
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
SIW
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
is
o
p
er
ated
in
2
6
GHz
b
a
n
d
an
d
tar
g
eted
f
o
r
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
MI
MO
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
f
o
r
5
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
a
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
er
ies
SP
DT
was
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
s
im
u
late
d
as a
r
ef
er
en
ce
t
o
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
f
o
r
is
o
latio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
2.
CIRCU
I
T
D
E
S
I
G
N
2
.
1
.
Switc
ha
ble SI
W
re
s
o
na
t
o
r
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
o
f
th
e
SIW
r
eso
n
ato
r
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
d
is
cr
ete
PIN
d
io
d
e
to
allo
w
th
e
s
witch
in
g
b
etwe
en
b
a
n
d
s
to
p
an
d
allp
ass
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
h
e
b
an
d
s
to
p
o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
ato
r
is
o
p
er
ated
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
q
u
ar
ter
wav
elen
g
th
(
λ
/4
)
o
f
th
e
o
p
e
n
s
tu
b
SIW
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
.
T
h
e
PIN
d
io
d
e
is
o
p
er
ated
b
y
two
d
is
tin
ct
s
tates
wh
ich
ar
e
ON
s
tate
(
+5
V)
an
d
OFF
s
tate
(
-
5
V)
.
T
h
e
PI
N
d
io
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
SIW
r
eso
n
ato
r
is
s
u
p
p
lied
with
+5
V,
wh
ich
allo
ws
allp
as
s
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
is
s
u
p
p
lied
with
-
5
V
f
o
r
s
witc
h
in
g
to
a
b
an
d
s
to
p
r
esp
o
n
s
e
(
f
o
r
is
o
latio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
)
.
I
n
th
e
SIW
d
esig
n
,
v
ia
h
o
les
f
o
r
m
a
m
ajo
r
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
SIW
to
r
ea
lize
t
h
e
b
ilater
al
e
d
g
e
walls.
Via
h
o
les
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
d
is
co
n
tin
u
ities
in
m
u
ltil
ay
er
ed
cir
cu
its
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
i
n
d
esig
n
i
n
g
v
ia
h
o
les
o
f
th
e
SIW
r
eso
n
ato
r
,
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
in
[
2
2
]
wer
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
v
ia
h
o
le
d
im
en
s
io
n
m
u
s
t
f
o
llo
w
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
d
iam
eter
(
d
)
o
f
th
e
v
ia
an
d
t
h
e
p
itch
(
p
)
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ia.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
lated
d
im
en
s
io
n
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
lea
k
ag
e
will
b
e
m
ai
n
ta
in
ed
at
a
v
er
y
l
o
w
am
o
u
n
t
a
n
d
with
th
at
SIW
ca
n
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
alm
o
s
t
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
wav
eg
u
id
e
with
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
p
a
n
d
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
21
:
1
5
4
2
-
1
5
4
9
1544
Fo
r
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
MI
MO
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
in
2
6
GHz
b
an
d
,
f
o
u
r
s
witch
ab
le
SIW
r
es
o
n
ato
r
s
as
illu
s
tr
at
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
th
at
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
in
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
es
e
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
(
S1
,
S2
,
S3
a
n
d
S4
)
ar
e
r
eso
n
ated
at
2
4
.
2
5
,
2
5
.
3
3
,
2
6
.
4
2
an
d
2
7
.
5
GHz
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
ese
r
es
o
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
ar
e
ex
p
ec
t
ed
to
co
v
er
f
o
r
5
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
2
6
GHz
b
an
d
[
2
4
]
.
E
ac
h
r
eso
n
ato
r
is
s
ep
ar
ated
b
y
an
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
k
-
in
v
e
r
ter
)
wh
ich
u
s
es
a
q
u
ar
ter
wav
ele
n
g
th
(
λ
/4
)
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
es
(
K1
,
K2
an
d
K3
)
.
T
h
is
cir
c
u
it
ca
n
b
e
s
witch
ed
b
etwe
en
b
an
d
s
to
p
an
d
allp
ass
r
esp
o
n
s
es
b
y
u
s
in
g
PIN
d
io
d
e
s
(
D1
,
D2
,
D3
an
d
D4
)
.
T
h
e
d
etailed
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
is
cir
cu
it is
r
ep
o
r
ted
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
2
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
witch
ab
le
SIW r
eso
n
ato
r
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
q
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
c
u
it o
f
allp
ass
(
OFF s
tate)
an
d
b
an
d
s
to
p
(
ON
s
tate)
r
esp
o
n
s
es
2
.
2
.
SPDT
s
wit
ch
des
ig
n
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
er
ies
SP
D
T
s
witch
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
er
ies
SP
DT
was
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
s
im
u
lated
as
a
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
wi
tch
f
o
r
is
o
latio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
As s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
,
d
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
m
it m
o
d
e
(
R
F
s
ig
n
als
p
r
o
p
ag
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f
r
o
m
p
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r
t
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to
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o
r
t
2
)
,
th
e
is
o
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
er
ies
SP
DT
s
witch
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ep
en
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o
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th
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OFF s
tate
o
f
th
e
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ies PI
N
d
i
o
d
e
in
r
ec
ei
v
e
ar
m
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
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(
a)
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
er
ies SP
DT
s
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d
(
b
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p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
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e
a
n
w
h
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l
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,
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u
r
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g
t
r
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n
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r
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p
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o
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o
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d
S
PD
T
s
w
i
t
c
h
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
)
,
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n
t
h
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t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
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r
m
,
al
l
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d
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n
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r
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o
n
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t
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r
s
a
r
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t
u
r
n
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d
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l
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r
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t
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d
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it
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t
r
a
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T
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,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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n
d
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J
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&
C
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m
p
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N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
S
P
DT d
is
crete
s
w
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d
esig
n
u
s
in
g
s
w
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a
b
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S
I
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o
n
a
to
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A
mir
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a
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m
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b
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p
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n
t
h
is
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c
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i
v
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m
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d
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t
h
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i
s
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l
at
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b
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n
p
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1
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n
d
p
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3
(
S
3
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d
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m
i
t
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m
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p
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at
i
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n
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f
o
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t
r
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m
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n
d
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v
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m
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d
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m
m
a
r
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z
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
cir
cu
it
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
wa
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
C
ST
)
s
o
f
twar
e.
All
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
R
o
g
er
R
T
/d
u
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
u
ch
as
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
0
.
2
5
4
m
m
an
d
r
elativ
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
2
.
2
wer
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
e
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d
th
e
SIW
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
it d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
e
cir
c
u
it
was sim
u
lated
in
ter
m
s
o
f
in
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
,
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
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d
is
o
la
tio
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
ac
tu
al
f
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icatio
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n
d
m
ea
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r
em
en
t,
th
e
co
m
m
er
cial
PIN
d
io
d
es
(
MA
DP
0
0
0
9
0
7
-
1
4
0
2
0
W
)
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
b
etwe
en
tr
an
s
m
it
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
m
o
d
es.
T
h
e
f
a
b
r
icate
d
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
t
o
tal
lay
o
u
t a
r
ea
is
7
7
×3
3
m
m
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
r
a
n
s
m
it a
n
d
r
ec
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e
m
o
d
es o
p
er
atio
n
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
Tr
a
n
sm
i
t
M
o
d
e
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
M
o
d
e
V
Bi
a
s
1
+
5
V
-
5
V
V
Bi
a
s
2
-
5
V
+
5
V
S
e
r
i
e
s PI
N
d
i
o
d
e
(
t
r
a
n
sm
i
t
a
r
m)
ON
st
a
t
e
O
F
F
st
a
t
e
S
e
r
i
e
s PI
N
d
i
o
d
e
(
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
a
r
m)
O
F
F
st
a
t
e
O
N
st
a
t
e
S
I
W
R
e
so
n
a
t
o
r
s
(
t
r
a
n
sm
i
t
a
r
m)
A
l
l
p
a
ss
r
e
sp
o
n
s
e
B
a
n
d
s
t
o
p
r
e
sp
o
n
s
e
S
I
W
R
e
so
n
a
t
o
r
s (r
e
c
e
i
v
e
a
r
m)
B
a
n
d
s
t
o
p
r
e
sp
o
n
s
e
A
l
l
p
a
ss
r
e
sp
o
n
s
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Pro
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
with
th
e
to
tal
ar
ea
o
f
7
7
×
3
3
m
m
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Switc
ha
ble SI
W
re
s
o
na
t
o
r
Fo
r
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
s
witch
ab
le
SIW
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
was
d
o
n
e
with
a
s
in
g
le
SI
W
r
eso
n
ato
r
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
.
T
h
e
cir
c
u
it
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
was
s
im
u
lat
ed
with
a
len
g
th
o
f
SIW
r
eso
n
ato
r
,
l
=4
.
8
m
m
(
r
eso
n
ated
at
2
7
.
5
GHz
)
,
th
e
d
iam
eter
o
f
th
e
v
ia,
d
=
0
.
7
5
m
m
an
d
th
e
p
itch
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ia,
p
=1
.
0
m
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
6
(
a)
an
d
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
th
e
allp
ass
an
d
b
an
d
s
to
p
r
esp
o
n
s
es
at
2
7
.
5
GHz
o
f
th
e
s
witch
ab
le
SIW
r
eso
n
ato
r
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
(
allp
ass
)
,
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S1
1
)
was
m
o
r
e
th
an
2
0
d
B
at
2
7
.
5
GHz
an
d
th
e
in
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
(
S2
1
)
was
less
th
an
1
d
B
.
W
h
ile
in
b
an
d
s
to
p
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
,
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S1
1
)
was
less
th
an
1
d
B
an
d
th
e
atten
u
atio
n
(
S2
1
)
was
m
o
r
e
th
an
2
5
d
B
an
d
th
e
b
an
d
s
to
p
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
t
h
e
r
eso
n
ato
r
was
ar
o
u
n
d
2
GHz
(
at
-
3
d
B
)
.
T
h
is
b
an
d
s
to
p
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
was
u
s
ed
as
an
is
o
lati
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
SP
DT
s
witch
.
T
h
u
s
,
h
ig
h
er
is
o
latio
n
o
f
SP
DT
s
witch
co
u
ld
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
d
esig
n
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
SIW r
eso
n
ato
r
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Switch
ab
le
SIW r
eso
n
ato
r
d
u
r
in
g
(
a)
allp
ass
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
(
b
)
b
a
n
d
s
to
p
r
esp
o
n
s
e
3
.
2
.
SPDT
s
wit
ch
Fig
u
r
e
s
7
a
n
d
8
ar
e
th
e
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
SP
DT
s
witch
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
f
o
r
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S1
1
)
,
in
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
(
S2
1
)
an
d
is
o
latio
n
(
S3
1
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
s
witch
cir
cu
it
is
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
b
etwe
en
tr
an
s
m
it
ar
m
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
ar
m
,
h
en
ce
o
n
ly
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
esu
lts
in
tr
an
s
m
it
m
o
d
e
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S1
1
)
f
o
r
b
o
th
SP
DT
s
witch
es
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it
ar
m
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
in
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
S
PDT
s
witch
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
ar
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2
5
0
2
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4
7
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I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
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E
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g
&
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o
m
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Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
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No
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3
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Dec
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b
er
20
21
:
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5
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1
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1546
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it
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im
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lts
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d
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SP
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it
s
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o
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ld
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e
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s
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n
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ta
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le
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r
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h
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s
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it
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n
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e
s
ee
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th
at
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h
e
SP
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m
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th
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o
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tio
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lo
s
s
f
r
o
m
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4
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2
5
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7
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5
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r
e
q
u
en
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y
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ep
icted
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Fig
u
r
e
8
,
it
ca
n
b
e
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b
s
er
v
ed
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h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
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witch
m
an
ag
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et
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etter
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o
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m
o
r
e
th
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5
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b
etwe
en
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o
r
t
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o
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1
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m
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ar
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e
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n
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en
ti
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al
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o
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s
t
a
r
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n
d
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B
f
r
o
m
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4
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2
5
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7
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5
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ep
o
r
ted
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[
2
5
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,
m
o
r
e
th
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5
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is
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f
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itch
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ir
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s
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u
r
e
9
s
h
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e
m
ea
s
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r
em
en
t
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
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o
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ed
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w
itch
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n
th
e
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6
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an
d
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4
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o
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at
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h
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o
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p
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m
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g
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r
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1
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
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h
e
(
a)
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im
u
lated
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lo
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(
b
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n
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)
r
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Fig
u
r
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.
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lated
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(
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r
esu
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Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Me
asu
r
em
e
n
t r
esu
lts
(
p
r
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p
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s
ed
d
esig
n
)
T
ab
le
2
.
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ir
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it p
er
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a
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m
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ar
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n
f
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r
t
h
e
p
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PDT
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d
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v
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s
witch
R
e
t
u
r
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L
o
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1
1
)
a
t
2
5
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8
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5
G
H
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d
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n
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t
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5
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5
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H
z
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d
B
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so
l
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t
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(
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t
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5
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8
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H
z
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d
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D
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c
h
a
b
l
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r
e
so
n
a
t
o
r
s
1
6
(
si
m)
1
1
(
mea
s)
1
.
2
(
s
i
m)
3
.
4
(
me
a
s)
4
2
(
si
m)
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(
mea
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n
v
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l
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D
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1
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(
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m)
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2
(
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(
si
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
SP
DT
d
is
cr
ete
s
wi
tch
d
esig
n
u
s
in
g
s
witch
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le
SIW
r
e
s
o
n
ato
r
s
was
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
es
ig
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ed
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d
s
im
u
lated
in
C
ST
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
is
o
latio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
SP
DT
s
witch
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
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4
7
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2
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DT d
is
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s
w
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(
A
mir
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l A
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t Zo
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1547
was
co
m
p
ar
ed
wh
er
e
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
is
o
latio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
SP
DT
s
wi
t
ch
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
v
er
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
witch
wa
s
th
en
f
ab
r
icate
d
f
o
r
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
I
t
was
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
lly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
e
p
r
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p
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s
ed
d
esig
n
p
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d
u
ce
d
is
o
latio
n
,
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
2
5
d
B
in
2
6
GHz
b
a
n
d
(
f
r
o
m
2
4
.
2
5
to
2
7
.
5
GHz
)
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
.
ACK
NO
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E
DG
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M
E
NT
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T
h
e
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th
o
r
s
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lik
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e
atly
ex
p
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ess
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k
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n
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n
to
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C
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ch
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n
n
o
v
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Ma
n
ag
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(
C
R
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M)
an
d
Un
i
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T
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Me
lak
a
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h
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b
licatio
n
o
f
th
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p
a
p
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s
f
u
n
d
ed
u
n
d
er
th
e
r
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ch
g
r
a
n
t: PJ
P/2
0
2
0
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/H1
2
3
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1
7
2
1
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
B.
Ya
n
g
,
Z
.
Y
u
,
J.
Lan
,
R
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
J.
Zh
o
u
,
a
n
d
W.
Ho
n
g
,
"
Dig
it
a
l
Be
a
m
fo
rm
in
g
-
Ba
se
d
M
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O
Tran
sc
e
iv
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r
fo
r
5
G
M
il
li
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ter
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Wav
e
Co
m
m
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IEE
E
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ra
n
sa
c
ti
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n
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n
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
T
h
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a
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T
e
c
h
n
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e
s
,
v
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l.
6
6
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o
.
7
,
p
p
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3
4
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3
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3
4
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8
,
Ju
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8
,
d
o
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:
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0
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1
1
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9
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M
TT
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
2
9
7
0
2
.
[2
]
Y.
Ra
h
a
y
u
,
I.
P
.
S
a
ri,
D.
I
.
Ra
m
a
d
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
R
.
N
g
a
h
.
"
Hig
h
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a
in
5
G
M
IM
O
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n
ten
n
a
f
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m
o
b
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b
a
se
sta
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,
"
In
ter
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t
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a
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J
o
u
r
n
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f
El
e
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tri
c
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l
&
Co
m
p
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ter
E
n
g
in
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g
(
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
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)
,
p
p
.
4
6
8
-
4
7
6
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
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1
,
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,
d
o
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1
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1
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ij
e
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.
v
9
i
1
.
p
p
4
6
8
-
4
7
6
.
[3
]
S
.
F
.
Ji
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]
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d
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D.
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1
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ian
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,
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P
.
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v
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.
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2
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[1
3
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M
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ss
e
in
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a
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,
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trate
in
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4
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Iq
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.
J.
Ti
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.
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Wo
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5
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6
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[1
7
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[1
9
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.
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2
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3
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4
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l.
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:
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[2
5
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.
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[2
6
]
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.
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u
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H.
L
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,
Z.
C
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P
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m
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[2
7
]
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Li
m
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d
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8
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.
[2
9
]
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.
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.
M
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[3
1
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T.
Li
,
M
.
Hu
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d
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W
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n
g
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ra
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ly
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.
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t
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in
M
a
lay
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1
9
9
6
.
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is
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p
o
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ra
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ste
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re
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in
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c
tro
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g
in
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rin
g
a
t
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i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
i
k
a
l
M
a
lay
sia
M
e
lak
a
(UTe
M
).
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re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
is
in
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n
d
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icro
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v
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h
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b
le
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n
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to
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m
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ter wa
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with
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fro
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Un
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v
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rsity
o
f
Lee
d
s,
UK
i
n
1
9
9
8
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
fr
o
m
Un
iv
e
rsity
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
0
3
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Lee
d
s,
UK
fo
r
a
th
e
sis
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
IW
fil
ters
in
2
0
0
8
.
He
is
a
lso
a
n
a
c
ti
v
e
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
with
a
g
o
o
d
trac
k
re
c
o
rd
wit
h
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
re
s
e
a
rc
h
p
ro
je
c
ts
in
RF
a
n
d
M
icro
wa
v
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
m
o
re
t
h
a
n
2
0
0
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
c
o
n
fe
r
e
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
a
P
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
o
f
M
icro
wa
v
e
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
in
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
lak
a
sin
c
e
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
S
P
DT d
is
crete
s
w
itch
d
esig
n
u
s
in
g
s
w
itch
a
b
le
S
I
W res
o
n
a
to
r
s
fo
r
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(
A
mir
u
l A
iz
a
t Zo
lkefli
)
1549
No
o
r
Az
wa
n
S
h
a
iri
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
in
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
–
Tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
)
a
n
d
th
e
M
a
ste
r
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UT
M
),
in
2
0
0
2
a
n
d
2
0
0
5
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
I
n
2
0
1
5
,
h
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
fro
m
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
i
k
a
l
M
a
lay
sia
M
e
lak
a
(UTe
M
)
in
t
h
e
field
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(RF
a
n
d
M
icro
wa
v
e
)
.
He
is cu
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
e
n
io
r
Lec
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
F
a
k
u
lt
i
Ke
ju
r
u
tera
a
n
El
e
k
tro
n
ik
d
a
n
Ke
ju
ru
tera
a
n
K
o
m
p
u
ter
(
F
KEKK
),
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
i
k
a
l
M
a
lay
sia
M
e
lak
a
(UTe
M
),
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
RF
sw
it
c
h
e
s,
sw
it
c
h
a
b
le/t
u
n
a
b
le
fil
ters
,
m
icro
wa
v
e
se
n
so
rs,
a
n
ten
n
a
s &
re
so
n
a
to
rs.
Adi
b
O
th
m
a
n
wa
s
b
o
r
n
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
sia
in
1
9
8
6
.
He
is
a
P
h
D
Ca
n
d
id
a
te
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
(Ho
n
s)
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
ARA
in
y
e
a
r
2
0
0
9
.
I
n
2
0
1
5
,
h
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
M
a
ste
r
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
i
n
t
h
e
fiel
d
o
f
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
C
o
m
p
a
ti
b
il
it
y
fr
o
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tu
n
H
u
ss
e
in
O
n
n
M
a
lay
sia
.
F
ro
m
2
0
1
5
t
o
2
0
2
0
,
h
e
wa
s a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
F
a
k
u
lt
i
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ke
ju
r
u
tera
a
n
El
e
k
tri
k
d
a
n
El
e
k
tro
n
ik
(
F
TKEE
),
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
i
k
a
l
M
a
lay
sia
M
e
lak
a
(UTe
M
),
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts a
re
m
a
in
ly
fo
c
u
se
d
o
n
R
F
a
n
d
M
icro
wa
v
e
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
Za
h
r
il
a
d
h
a
Z
a
k
a
r
ia
wa
s
b
o
rn
i
n
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
B.
En
g
.
a
n
d
M
.
E
n
g
.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
th
e
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
1
9
9
8
a
n
d
2
0
0
4
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
,
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
&
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
fro
m
th
e
In
stit
u
te
o
f
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
s
a
n
d
P
h
o
t
o
n
ics
(IM
P
)
,
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
Lee
d
s
,
Un
it
e
d
Ki
n
g
d
o
m
i
n
2
0
1
0
.
F
ro
m
1
9
9
8
t
o
2
0
0
2
,
h
e
wa
s
with
S
TM
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
M
a
lay
sia
wh
e
re
h
e
wo
rk
e
d
a
s
P
ro
d
u
c
t
En
g
i
n
e
e
r.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
P
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
&
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
Tek
n
ik
a
l
M
a
lay
sia
M
e
lak
a
(UT
e
M
).
Im
r
a
n
Bin
Mo
h
d
Ibra
h
i
m
is
S
e
n
io
r
Lec
tu
re
r
a
t
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
ik
a
l
M
a
lay
sia
M
e
la
k
a
a
n
d
n
o
w
se
rv
e
a
s
He
a
d
o
f
M
icro
wa
v
e
Re
se
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r,
m
a
ste
r
a
n
d
d
o
c
to
ra
l
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
a
ll
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
i
n
2
0
0
0
,
2
0
0
5
,
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
H
e
se
rv
e
d
a
s
fa
c
u
lt
y
’s
first
De
p
u
ty
De
a
n
(Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
P
o
st
G
ra
d
u
a
te
S
tu
d
y
)
a
n
d
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ted
to
th
e
e
a
rly
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
a
t
fa
c
u
lt
y
a
n
d
in
stit
u
ti
o
n
.
He
h
a
s
lea
d
se
v
e
ra
l
g
ra
n
ts
fr
o
m
i
n
d
u
stry
,
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
u
n
i
v
e
rsity
i
n
a
n
ten
n
a
re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
wire
les
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
.
H
e
is
a
lso
a
c
o
m
m
it
tee
m
e
m
b
e
r
to
d
ra
ft
t
h
e
Tec
h
n
ica
l
Co
d
e
i
n
5
G
S
a
fe
ty
Ra
d
iati
o
n
to
M
a
lay
sia
Tec
h
n
ica
l
S
ta
n
d
a
rd
F
o
r
u
m
Be
rh
a
d
.
H
u
d
a
Bin
A
.
Ma
j
id
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
i
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UTM
).
He
wo
rk
e
d
a
s
a
P
o
std
o
c
to
ra
l
F
e
ll
o
w
with
UTM
fo
r
a
p
e
rio
d
o
f
o
n
e
y
e
a
r.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
e
n
io
r
Lec
tu
re
r
with
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tu
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
(UTHM
),
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
l
ish
e
d
o
v
e
r
1
0
0
a
rti
c
les
in
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
p
a
p
e
rs.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
lan
a
r
a
n
d
fle
x
ib
le
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
a
rra
y
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
re
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
b
le
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
m
e
tam
a
teria
l,
a
n
d
R
F
m
icro
wa
v
e
a
n
d
m
m
-
wa
v
e
d
e
v
ice
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.