Ind
o
n
es
ian Jou
r
n
al
o
f
E
le
ctric
a
l E
n
g
in
ee
r
ing
and
C
o
mp
u
t
er
S
c
ienc
e
V
ol
. 8
,
No.
3
,
Dec
em
be
r
20
17
, p
p
.
6
79
~
6
80
DO
I: 1
0.
11
5
91
/
i
j
ee
c
s
.v
8
.
i
3
.
pp
67
9
-
68
0
6
79
Rec
ei
v
ed
A
ug
us
t
9
, 2
01
7
;
Rev
i
s
ed
O
c
to
be
r
2
4
,
2
01
7
;
A
c
c
ep
ted
Nov
e
mb
er
1
4
,
20
17
Trans
fo
rm
er E
x
chan
gin
g
w
ith
Vacuu
m Elec
trica
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w
itch
A
n
u
P
r
i
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K
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a
sil
ath
a
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Dep
a
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),
A
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,
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Ab
strac
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fi
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VCB
c
o
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c
e
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s
s
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m
u
l
a
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d
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l
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t
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p
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CL)
c
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wel
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Fr
o
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c
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a
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e
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a
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t
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m
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VCB
work
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.
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th
i
s
a
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c
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,
re
s
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a
r
c
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a
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g
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g
b
y
m
e
th
o
d
s
fo
r
VCB
i
s
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
.
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e
c
t
o
f
th
e
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c
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a
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l
a
s
s
o
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a
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d
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e
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TP
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re
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r m
e
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Key
w
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:
p
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a
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c
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we
r p
l
a
n
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;
v
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m
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tri
c
a
l
s
wit
c
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(VCB)
;
e
x
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a
n
g
i
n
g
o
p
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ra
t
i
o
n
s
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
7
In
s
titu
te
o
f
Adv
a
nc
e
d
Eng
in
e
e
ring
a
nd
Sc
ie
nc
e
.
All
righ
t
s
re
s
e
rve
d.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
V
ac
uu
m
c
i
r
c
ui
t
bre
ak
ers
are
the
s
e
da
y
s
us
ua
l
l
y
us
e
d
i
n
m
ed
i
um
v
ol
ta
ge
orga
ni
z
es
be
c
au
s
e
of
the
i
r
s
up
erb
ex
c
ha
ng
i
ng
a
bi
l
i
t
i
es
an
d
s
ol
i
dn
es
s
.
T
he
y
are
r
eg
u
l
a
r
l
y
ut
i
l
i
z
ed
f
or
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
on
s
c
on
t
ai
ni
n
g
ap
p
r
op
r
i
at
i
on
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
ers
[1]
,
c
urv
e
he
ate
r
s
,
wi
n
d
r
an
c
he
s
,
P
V
c
on
tr
ol
pl
a
nts
an
d
el
ec
tr
i
c
al
en
g
i
n
es
.
In
th
os
e
c
as
es
,
V
C
B
s
are
ut
i
l
i
z
ed
f
or
em
po
w
er
m
en
t
an
d
de
-
s
ti
m
ul
ati
on
op
er
ati
on
s
at
di
f
f
erent
wor
k
i
ng
bu
r
de
n
c
on
d
i
ti
on
s
an
d
ad
di
t
i
o
na
l
l
y
r
ec
urr
en
c
e
of
op
erat
i
o
ns
[2
].
It
i
s
a
n
ota
bl
e
c
om
po
ne
nt
of
a
V
CB
,
u
ph
e
l
d
b
y
t
es
t
i
nf
orm
ati
on
r
e
v
e
al
ed
tha
t
hi
g
h
ov
er
v
o
l
ta
ge
an
d
h
i
g
h
v
o
l
ta
ge
r
ate
of
r
i
s
e
(
dU/d
t)
m
a
y
ha
p
pe
n
am
i
d
ex
c
ha
ng
i
n
g
op
erat
i
on
s
i
n
thi
s
w
a
y
,
a
f
ew
c
ou
nt
erm
e
as
ures
ha
v
e
b
ee
n
c
r
ea
te
d
throug
ho
u
t
the
y
e
ars
k
ee
pi
ng
i
n
m
i
nd
the
en
d
go
al
t
o
al
l
e
v
i
ate
th
es
e
m
arv
el
s
[3
].
Ru
n
of
the
m
i
l
l
arr
an
g
em
en
ts
us
ed
b
y
a
nd
b
y
i
nc
l
ud
e
s
urge a
r
r
es
ters
or RC s
n
ub
be
r
s
.
T
he
i
r
s
tan
d
ards
of
op
erati
o
n
are
di
s
t
i
nc
t
i
v
e,
h
en
c
e
i
n
t
he
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
o
ns
r
eq
u
i
r
i
ng
th
e
m
os
t
el
e
v
at
ed
un
wav
erin
g
qu
a
l
i
t
y
c
om
m
on
l
y
a
m
i
x
of
a f
ew
en
s
urin
g
c
om
po
ne
nts
i
s
uti
l
i
z
ed
[4]
.
S
urge
arr
es
ters
are
produc
ed
k
ee
pi
ng
i
n
m
i
nd
the
e
nd
go
al
to
c
on
f
i
ne
t
he
p
i
nn
ac
l
e
es
ti
m
ati
on
of
ov
er
v
o
l
ta
ge
,
y
et
the
y
do
n't
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e t
he
v
o
l
ta
ge
r
at
e o
f
r
i
s
e.
Des
pi
t
e
what
m
i
gh
t
be
ex
pe
c
ted
,
f
un
da
m
en
ta
l
ob
j
ec
ti
v
e
of
RC
s
nu
bb
ers
us
ag
e
i
s
to
di
m
i
ni
s
h
th
e
s
te
ep
n
es
s
(
dU/d
t)
b
y
m
eth
od
s
f
or
ex
tr
a
c
ap
ac
i
tan
c
e
brou
gh
t
i
n
t
o
the
c
i
r
c
ui
t
.
E
x
pa
n
de
d
c
ap
ac
i
ta
nc
e
ad
di
t
i
on
al
l
y
d
e
-
tun
es
the
thu
nd
ero
us
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
ha
pe
d
of
the
tr
an
s
f
orm
er
i
nd
uc
tan
c
e
a
nd
c
ap
ac
i
ta
n
c
e
an
d
i
n
thi
s
w
a
y
T
r
an
s
i
en
t
Rec
o
v
er
y
V
ol
t
ag
e
(
T
RV
)
s
w
a
y
i
ng
r
ec
urr
en
c
e
i
s
de
c
r
ea
s
e
d
a
n
d
the
pe
ak
es
ti
m
ati
on
of
th
e
T
RV
[5]
.
In
thi
s
pa
p
er
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
t
ha
t
t
he
P
V
i
n
v
ert
er
to
po
l
og
y
i
t
i
s
a
h
i
gh
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
top
ol
og
y
[6]
.
F
i
r
ef
l
y
al
go
r
i
t
hm
i
s
pre
s
en
ted
i
n
th
i
s
pa
pe
r
i
n t
hi
s
al
g
orit
hm
us
e
d t
o
ge
n
erate t
he
r
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er [7]
.
2.
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
M
eth
o
d
T
he
uti
l
i
z
at
i
on
of
c
ap
ac
i
tor
s
s
hu
nt
-
as
s
oc
i
at
ed
at
t
he
MV
s
i
de
of
the
tr
an
s
f
or
m
er
i
s
an
ex
orbi
ta
nt
arr
an
ge
m
en
t;
he
nc
e
r
ea
s
on
ab
l
e
ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
to
en
s
urin
g
c
on
v
e
y
a
nc
e
tr
an
s
f
or
m
ers
are
ex
tr
em
el
y
r
es
tr
i
c
te
d.
O
the
r
arr
an
ge
m
en
t
c
on
s
tr
ai
n
i
ng
t
he
dU/
dt
of
the
h
om
el
es
s
pe
op
l
e
produc
e
d
am
i
d
V
C
B
ex
c
ha
ng
i
ng
o
pe
r
at
i
o
ns
w
as
pro
p
os
ed
i
n.
B
as
i
c
a
l
l
y
i
t
i
s
an
a
r
r
an
ge
m
en
t
of
pa
r
al
l
e
l
R
-
L c
h
an
n
el
s
arr
a
n
ge
m
en
t a
s
s
oc
i
ate
d a
t m
ed
i
um
v
ol
tag
e s
i
d
e o
f
th
e
tran
s
f
or
m
e
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4
75
2
IJE
E
CS
V
ol
.
8
,
N
o.
3
,
Dec
em
be
r
2017
:
679
–
6
80
680
Its
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
dU/d
t
a
nd
th
e
pe
ak
es
ti
m
ati
on
of
the
o
v
e
r
v
ol
tag
e
was
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
ex
h
i
b
i
te
d
i
n
tr
i
a
l
s
the
di
s
c
o
v
eri
es
of
th
e
te
s
ts
w
er
e
a
n
i
ns
p
i
r
ati
on
to
di
s
ti
ng
u
i
s
h
wh
y
the
c
ha
n
ne
l
as
s
oc
i
ate
d
a
t
the
l
o
w
v
ol
tag
e
s
i
de
of
the
tr
an
s
f
or
m
er
ne
ga
ti
v
e
l
y
af
f
ec
ts
the
s
ti
m
ul
ati
on
c
on
d
i
ti
on
s
.
It
w
as
n
orm
al
tha
t
t
he
c
h
an
ne
l
c
a
pa
c
i
tan
c
e
m
a
y
c
arr
y
on
i
n
t
he
c
om
pa
r
ab
l
e
s
tan
d
ard
as
the
r
un
of
the
m
i
l
l
RC
s
nu
bb
ers
tha
t
are
i
ntrod
uc
ed
at
th
e
m
ed
i
um
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ol
tag
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s
i
de
of
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tr
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s
f
or
m
er.
T
hi
s
w
ou
l
d
be
l
eg
i
ti
m
i
z
ed
b
y
c
o
ns
i
d
erin
g
a
c
ap
ac
i
t
i
v
e
i
de
nt
i
c
al
tr
an
s
f
orm
er
de
m
on
s
tr
ate
ap
pro
pria
t
e
to
hi
gh
r
ec
urr
e
nc
e a
dm
i
ni
s
tr
at
i
on
,
r
el
ev
an
t
f
or i
nv
es
t
i
ga
ti
on
s
of
V
C
B
wor
k
i
ng
.
S
o
as
to
s
i
f
t
throug
h
h
i
gh
r
ec
urr
en
c
e
pa
r
ts
of
e
m
p
o
w
erm
en
t
ov
erv
ol
t
ag
e
h
o
m
el
es
s
pe
op
l
e
an
arr
an
ge
m
en
t
RL
ga
g
c
an
be
i
n
tr
od
uc
e
d;
i
t
was
af
f
i
r
m
ed
b
y
m
eth
o
ds
f
or
r
ee
na
c
tm
en
ts
that
i
ts
us
ag
e
bri
ng
s
ab
o
ut
de
c
l
i
n
e
of
th
e
ov
erv
o
l
ta
ge
dU/d
t
b
y
33
%;
b
es
i
de
s
,
ar
r
an
ge
m
en
t
RL
s
ti
f
l
e d
i
m
i
ni
s
h
es
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
ev
en
t o
f
th
u
nd
ero
us
o
v
er
v
o
l
tag
e i
ns
i
d
e t
h
e t
r
an
s
f
orm
er w
i
nd
i
ng
3.
Co
n
clus
ion
Mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
arc
r
es
i
gn
at
i
o
ns
wer
e
r
ec
orde
d
du
r
i
ng
20
k
V
A
d
i
s
tr
i
bu
t
i
o
n
tr
an
s
f
or
m
e
r
en
erg
i
z
ati
on
(
pre
-
s
tr
i
k
es
)
an
d
de
-
e
ne
r
g
i
z
ati
on
(
r
e
-
s
t
r
i
k
es
)
op
erati
o
ns
b
y
m
ea
ns
of
v
ac
u
um
c
i
r
c
ui
t
bre
ak
er
–
i
t
was
v
e
r
i
f
i
ed
a
nd
c
o
nf
i
r
m
ed
b
y
n
u
m
eric
al
s
i
m
ul
ati
on
s
c
on
du
c
ted
i
n
E
MT
P
-
A
T
P
,
tr
an
s
i
e
nt
o
v
er
v
o
l
tag
e
r
es
ul
t
i
ng
f
r
om
tr
an
s
f
or
m
er
de
en
ergi
z
at
i
on
c
a
n
be
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
l
y
m
i
ti
ga
ted
b
y
ut
i
l
i
z
ati
on
of
l
o
w
v
o
l
ta
ge
s
i
de
c
o
nn
ec
t
ed
L
C
f
i
l
ter
r
at
ed
a
t
20
0
µH
an
d
25
µF
;
i
t
i
s
a
r
es
ul
t
of
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
of
th
e
r
ate
of
r
i
s
e
of
the
T
RV
be
t
ween
the
V
CB
op
er
ate
d
c
on
tac
ts
,
whi
c
h
prev
e
nts
t
he
di
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
s
tr
en
gt
h
of
th
e
o
pe
n
i
n
g
c
o
nta
c
ts
ga
p
f
r
om
break
do
wn,
i
t
c
an
b
e
c
on
c
l
ud
ed
th
at
L
C
f
i
l
ters
c
on
ne
c
te
d
at
L
V
s
i
de
c
ou
l
d
b
e
ut
i
l
i
z
ed
as
a
po
s
s
i
b
l
e
ov
erv
ol
t
ag
e
m
i
ti
ga
ti
o
n d
ev
i
c
e a
ga
i
ns
t d
e
-
en
erg
i
z
ati
on
tr
an
s
i
e
nts
.
Ref
er
en
ce
s
[1]
Sl
a
d
e
PG
.
T
h
e
Va
c
u
u
m
I
n
te
rr
u
p
te
r:
Th
e
o
r
y
,
De
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
.
CR
C Pre
s
s
.
2
0
0
8
[2]
Sh
i
p
p
D
e
t
a
l
.
T
ra
n
s
f
o
rm
e
r F
a
i
l
u
re
d
u
e
to
Cir
c
u
i
t
-
Br
e
a
k
er
-
In
d
u
c
e
d
Sw
i
tc
h
i
n
g
T
ra
n
s
i
e
n
ts
.
IE
EE.
Tra
n
s
.
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
Ap
p
l
.
2
0
1
1
[3]
L
i
l
j
e
s
tr
a
n
d
L
e
t
a
l
.
V
a
c
u
u
m
Ci
rc
u
i
t
Br
e
a
k
e
r
a
n
d
T
ra
n
s
fo
r
m
e
r
In
te
ra
c
ti
o
n
i
n
a
Cab
l
e
Sy
s
te
m
.
CIRED
2
2
n
d
I
n
te
r
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tr
i
c
i
t
y
Di
s
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
,
St
o
c
k
h
o
l
m
.
2
0
1
3
[4]
Pe
n
k
o
v
D
e
t
a
l
.
O
v
e
rv
o
l
ta
g
e
p
ro
te
c
ti
o
n
s
tu
d
y
o
n
v
a
c
u
u
m
b
re
a
k
e
r
s
w
i
tc
h
e
d
M
V
m
o
t
o
rs
.
Pe
tro
l
e
u
m
a
n
d
Ch
e
m
i
c
a
l
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Eu
ro
p
e
-
El
e
c
tr
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
I
n
s
tru
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
2
0
0
8
[5]
T
Ku
c
z
e
k
,
M
Fl
o
rk
o
w
s
k
i
W
.
Pi
a
s
e
c
k
i
An
a
l
y
s
e
s
o
f
v
a
c
u
u
m
c
i
rc
u
i
t
b
r
e
a
k
e
r
s
w
i
tc
h
i
n
g
tr
a
n
s
i
e
n
ts
i
n
m
e
d
i
u
m
v
o
l
ta
g
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
w
i
th
re
s
p
e
c
t
to
L
C
fi
l
te
r
s
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
c
o
n
v
e
rt
e
rs
.
In
te
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Con
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
Hig
h
Vo
l
ta
g
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
ICHVE
,
P
o
z
n
a
n
.
2
0
1
4
[6]
Ba
v
i
tra
K,
Si
n
th
u
j
a
S,
M
a
n
o
h
a
ra
n
N
a
n
d
Ra
j
e
s
h
S.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
re
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
PV
i
n
v
e
rte
r
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
.
In
d
i
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
5
;
8
(1
4
).
[7]
Ka
n
n
a
n
G
,
Su
b
ra
m
a
n
i
a
n
DP
a
n
d
Sh
a
n
k
a
r
RU
.
Re
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
p
ti
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
fi
r
e
f
l
y
a
l
g
o
r
i
th
m
.
In
Po
wer
El
e
c
tr
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Re
n
e
wab
l
e
E
n
e
rg
y
Sy
s
te
m
s
,
Sp
ri
n
g
e
r I
n
d
i
a
.
2
0
1
5
:
83
-
90
.
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