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r
th
Am
er
ica
a
n
d
New
Z
ea
la
n
d
.
•
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o
w
p
o
w
er
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til
izatio
n
,
w
it
h
b
atter
y
li
f
e
g
o
i
n
g
f
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o
m
m
o
n
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h
s
to
y
ea
r
s
.
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o
n
s
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er
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g
t
h
e
n
u
m
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er
o
f
g
ad
g
et
s
w
i
th
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e
m
o
te
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ein
g
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s
ed
at
p
r
esen
t,
it
is
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y
t
h
i
n
g
b
u
t
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
s
ee
th
at
m
o
r
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u
a
n
titi
e
s
o
f
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atter
ies
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ee
d
to
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e
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o
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a
n
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ag
ai
n
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in
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o
l
v
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
(
an
d
also
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
e)
,
r
ep
ea
tin
g
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
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n
th
e
Z
i
g
B
ee
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
,
lo
n
g
er
b
atter
y
li
f
e
is
ac
h
ie
v
ab
le
b
y
b
o
th
o
f
t
w
o
m
ea
n
s
: p
er
s
i
s
te
n
t
s
y
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te
m
a
s
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o
ciatio
n
a
n
d
m
o
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ate
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o
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er
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e
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n
d
a
n
y
d
o
u
b
t
b
atter
y
ch
a
n
n
el,
o
r
ir
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eg
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lar
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n
n
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tio
n
a
n
d
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
s
lo
w
er
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atter
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
o
p
o
lo
g
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o
f
Z
i
g
B
ee
Stru
ct
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r
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ee
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h
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e
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ter
r
ito
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te
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ticu
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u
p
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t
th
e
ex
p
an
s
io
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f
s
in
g
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lar
r
e
m
o
te
co
n
tr
o
ls
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Z
i
g
B
ee
w
as
m
ad
e
to
f
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l
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il
th
e
m
ar
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et
's
r
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ir
e
m
en
t
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o
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s
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v
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o
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ased
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te
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th
at
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ac
k
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g
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w
in
f
o
r
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at
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ates,
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er
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tili
za
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ec
u
r
it
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,
an
d
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n
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is
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t
q
u
alit
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.
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o
ad
d
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is
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ee
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,
t
h
e
Z
ig
B
ee
Or
g
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iz
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to
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e
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a
co
m
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er
ce
wo
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k
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g
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s
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ea
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g
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ed
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licatio
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E
8
0
2
.
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5
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4
r
em
o
te
s
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ar
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[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
co
o
p
er
atio
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is
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o
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g
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n
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n
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I
E
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to
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u
ar
an
tee
an
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n
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ated
,
co
m
p
lete,
also
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ter
o
p
er
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s
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te
m
f
o
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th
e
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ess
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ec
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Fo
r
th
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p
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th
e
w
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k
i
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g
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ath
er
i
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ill
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ter
o
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er
ab
ilit
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ac
cr
ed
itatio
n
test
i
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g
o
f
8
0
2
.
1
5
.
4
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
s
t
h
at
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co
r
p
o
r
ate
th
e
Z
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g
B
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p
r
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r
am
m
i
n
g
la
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er
.
T
h
e
Z
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g
B
ee
A
l
lian
ce
w
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ll
lik
e
w
i
s
e
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er
v
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t
h
e
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u
th
o
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y
te
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t
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n
d
ac
cr
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itatio
n
b
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n
ch
f
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r
Z
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B
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ad
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ets.
Z
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th
e
m
ai
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b
en
ch
m
ar
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s
b
ased
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
th
at
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d
r
ess
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th
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ee
d
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o
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m
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t
r
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m
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te
c
h
ec
k
in
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d
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
r
ea
l
s
y
s
te
m
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
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t
m
ig
h
t
b
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
co
n
s
id
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I
E
E
E
8
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5
.
4
a
s
t
h
e
p
h
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ical
r
ad
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d
Z
ig
B
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as
th
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leg
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m
at
e
s
y
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te
m
w
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t
'
s
m
o
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ap
p
licatio
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p
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g
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m
i
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.
T
ak
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n
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ar
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Op
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te
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r
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el,
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ee
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t
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n
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tack
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s
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ized
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l
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(
P
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an
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s
tan
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e
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ll
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d
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.
3.
G
AD
G
E
T
T
YP
E
S
T
h
ese
g
ad
g
ets
h
av
e
6
4
-
b
it
I
E
E
E
ad
d
r
ess
es,
w
it
h
th
e
c
h
o
ice
to
em
p
o
w
er
s
h
o
r
ter
lo
ca
tio
n
s
to
less
en
b
u
n
d
le
s
ize
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
b
o
th
o
f
t
w
o
te
n
d
in
g
to
m
o
d
es
–
s
tar
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
.
Z
i
g
B
ee
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
til
ize
t
h
r
ee
g
ad
g
et
s
o
r
ts
:
•
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
r
g
a
n
izer
lo
o
k
s
a
f
ter
b
y
an
d
lar
g
e
s
y
s
te
m
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
t
'
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
ad
v
a
n
c
ed
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
t
y
p
es a
n
d
r
eq
u
ir
es t
h
e
m
o
s
t
m
e
m
o
r
y
an
d
r
eg
i
s
ter
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
.
•
T
h
e
f
u
ll
ca
p
ac
it
y
g
ad
g
et
b
o
ls
t
er
s
all
8
0
2
.
1
5
.
4
ab
ilit
ies an
d
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
I
t c
an
w
o
r
k
as
a
s
y
s
te
m
o
r
g
a
n
izer
.
E
x
tr
a
m
e
m
o
r
y
,
w
h
at
's
m
o
r
e,
f
ig
u
r
in
g
f
o
r
ce
m
a
k
e
it
p
er
f
ec
t
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
itc
h
ca
p
ac
ities
,
o
r
it c
o
u
ld
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
as a
p
ar
t o
f
s
y
s
te
m
ed
g
e
g
a
d
g
ets (
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
to
u
c
h
es t
h
is
p
r
esen
t r
ea
lit
y
)
.
•
T
h
e
less
en
ed
ca
p
ac
it
y
d
e
v
ice
co
n
v
e
y
s
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ed
(
as
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
)
u
s
e
f
u
ln
e
s
s
to
t
h
e
lo
w
er
ex
p
e
n
s
e
an
d
m
an
y
-
si
d
e
d
q
u
alit
y
.
I
t
'
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
s
y
s
te
m
ed
g
e
4.
SE
CUR
I
T
Y
Saf
et
y
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
esp
ec
tab
ilit
y
ar
e
k
e
y
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
Z
i
g
B
ee
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
.
Z
i
g
B
ee
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
5
.
4
MA
C
s
u
b
la
y
er
w
h
ic
h
i
n
d
icate
s
f
o
u
r
s
ec
u
r
it
y
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
atio
n
s
:
•
Ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
—
t
h
e
g
ad
g
et
k
e
ep
s
u
p
a
r
u
n
d
o
w
n
o
f
tr
u
s
ted
d
ev
ices i
n
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
•
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
u
tili
ze
s
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
k
e
y
1
2
8
-
b
i
t p
r
o
p
elled
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
•
o
u
tlin
e
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
t
h
i
n
es
s
to
s
h
ie
ld
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
b
y
g
ath
er
i
n
g
s
w
it
h
o
u
t c
r
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
k
e
y
s
•
Su
cc
es
s
i
v
e
f
r
es
h
n
ess
to
r
ej
ec
t in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
u
tli
n
es
th
a
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ep
lay
ed
—
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
th
in
k
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
f
r
e
s
h
n
es
s
es
tee
m
with
t
h
e
last
k
n
o
w
n
q
u
alit
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
e
v
ice
a
n
d
r
ej
ec
ts
it
i
f
th
e
f
r
es
h
n
es
s
w
o
r
th
h
as
n
o
t b
ee
n
u
p
g
r
a
d
ed
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
t
is
lik
e
l
y
t
h
at
Z
i
g
B
ee
w
ill
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
v
el
y
p
la
y
an
e
s
s
e
n
tial
p
ar
t
later
o
n
o
f
P
C
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
As
f
ar
as
co
n
v
en
t
i
o
n
s
tac
k
s
ize,
Z
ig
B
ee
'
s
3
2
KB
s
p
ea
k
s
th
e
tr
u
t
h
3
3
%
o
f
th
e
s
tack
s
ize
es
s
en
t
ial
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
e
m
o
te
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
(
f
o
r
r
estricte
d
ab
ilit
y
en
d
g
ad
g
ets,
th
e
s
tack
s
ize
is
as
lo
w
a
s
4
KB
)
.
T
h
e
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
5
.
4
–
b
ased
Z
ig
B
ee
is
i
n
te
n
d
ed
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
te
co
n
tr
o
ls
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
a
lo
t
o
f
in
n
u
m
b
er
,
y
et
r
eq
u
ir
e
j
u
s
t
a
lit
tle
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
u
n
d
les
an
d
,
m
o
s
tl
y
,
to
a
h
i
g
h
d
eg
r
ee
l
o
w
p
o
w
er
u
tili
za
tio
n
f
o
r
(
lo
n
g
)
li
f
e.
I
n
t
h
i
s
w
a
y
,
t
h
e
y
ar
e
d
iv
er
s
e
i
n
t
h
ei
r
w
a
y
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
t
h
eir
ap
p
l
icatio
n
e
n
clo
s
u
r
es.
T
h
e
Z
i
g
B
ee
Allia
n
ce
tar
g
ets
ap
p
licatio
n
s
"
cr
o
s
s
w
is
e
o
v
er
p
u
r
ch
aser
,
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
,
a
n
d
m
o
d
er
n
a
n
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
m
ar
k
e
ts
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
"
.
U
n
w
ir
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
v
er
y
lo
o
k
ed
f
o
r
af
ter
in
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
a
t
ar
e
p
o
r
tr
ay
ed
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
h
u
b
s
ex
p
en
d
in
g
least
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
g
e
ttin
g
a
ch
ar
g
e
o
u
t
o
f
lo
n
g
b
at
ter
y
li
v
es.
Z
ig
B
ee
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
is
i
n
te
n
d
ed
to
b
est
s
u
it
t
h
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
t
h
at
it
e
m
p
o
w
er
s
d
i
m
i
n
is
h
ed
e
x
p
en
s
e
s
o
f
ad
v
a
n
c
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
q
u
ick
m
ar
k
et
s
elec
tio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
T
a
n
e
n
b
a
u
m
,
A
.
S
.
,
G
a
m
a
g
e
,
C.
,
&
Crisp
o
,
B
.
(2
0
0
6
).
T
a
k
in
g
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
f
ro
m
th
e
lab
to
th
e
j
u
n
g
le.
Co
mp
u
ter
,
3
9
(
8
),
9
8
-
1
0
0
.
[2
]
A
h
m
e
d
,
A
.
S
.
,
Ku
m
a
ra
n
,
T
.
S
.
,
S
y
e
d
,
S
.
S
.
A
.
,
&
S
u
b
b
u
ra
m
,
S
.
(2
0
1
5
).
Cr
o
ss
-
L
a
y
e
r
D
e
sig
n
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
tr
o
l
i
n
M
o
b
i
le A
d
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
s.
Eg
y
p
ti
a
n
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
1
6
(1
),
1
-
7.
[3
]
S
h
a
n
t
h
i,
H.J.
a
n
d
A
n
it
a
,
E.
M
.
,
2
0
1
6
.
S
e
c
u
re
a
n
d
Ef
f
icie
n
t
Di
sta
n
c
e
Eff
e
c
t
Ro
u
ti
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
M
o
b
il
it
y
(S
E_
DREA
M
)
in
M
A
NET
s.
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
3
rd
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
B
ig
D
a
ta
a
n
d
Cl
o
u
d
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s (
IS
BCC
–
1
6
’)
(p
p
.
6
5
-
8
0
)
.
S
p
rin
g
e
r
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
P
u
b
li
sh
i
n
g
.
[4
]
S
.
A
d
it
y
a
n
,
A
.
Na
li
n
i,
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
n
e
x
t
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
so
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
re
d
m
icro
g
rid
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
C
S
q
u
a
re
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
Res
e
a
rc
h
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
A
p
ril
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
G
o
rb
is,
M
.
,
&
P
e
sc
o
v
it
z
,
D.
(2
0
0
6
).
IEE
E
f
e
ll
o
w
’s
su
rv
e
y
:
Bu
rstin
g
tec
h
b
u
b
b
les
b
e
f
o
re
th
e
y
b
a
ll
o
o
n
.
IEE
E
S
p
e
c
tru
m
,
4
3
(
9
),
5
0
-
5
5
.
[6
]
Ra
n
,
P
.
,
S
u
n
,
M
.
,
Z
o
u
,
Y.
(2
0
0
6
).
Zi
g
Be
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
se
lec
ti
o
n
stra
te
g
y
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
d
a
ta
se
rv
ice
s
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
-
b
a
lan
c
e
d
Zi
g
Be
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
.
A
PS
CC
'0
6
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
6
,
4
0
0
-
4
0
4
.
[7
]
S
in
g
h
’,
S
a
n
jay
,
Ku
m
a
r,
Dh
u
ra
n
d
h
e
r’.
"
W
e
ig
h
t
Ba
se
d
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
Clu
ste
rin
g
in
W
irele
ss
A
d
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
"
.
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
&
S
y
ste
ms
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
Ja
wa
h
a
rlal
Ne
h
ru
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
In
d
ia.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
1
8
:
64
–
67
67
[8
]
M
.
A
.
M
a
n
iv
a
sa
g
a
m
,
T
.
A
n
a
n
th
a
n
,
2
0
1
7
.
A
n
Ef
f
icie
n
t
S
e
lf
-
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Ro
u
te
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
f
o
r
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
IJ
M
S
R,
9
(
2
),
p
p
.
1
9
2
-
1
9
9
.
[9
]
A
d
e
e
b
S
a
lh
,
L
u
k
m
a
n
A
u
d
a
h
,
No
r
S
h
a
h
id
a
M
.
S
h
a
h
,
S
h
ip
u
n
A
.
Ha
m
z
a
h
,
2
0
1
7
.
M
a
x
im
izin
g
En
e
rg
y
E
ff
icie
n
c
y
f
o
r
Co
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
Circu
it
P
o
w
e
r
in
Do
w
n
li
n
k
M
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O
W
irel
e
ss
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(IJEC
E)
,
7
(
6
),
p
p
.
2
9
7
7
-
2
9
8
5
.
[1
0
]
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
A
n
wa
r,
A
b
d
u
l
Ha
n
a
n
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
,
Ka
sh
if
Na
se
e
r
Qu
re
s
h
i,
A
b
d
u
l
Ha
k
e
e
m
M
a
ji
d
,
2
0
1
7
,
W
irele
ss
Bo
d
y
A
re
a
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
f
o
r
He
a
lt
h
c
a
re
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
A
n
Ov
e
r
v
ie
w
,
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
(Tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l)
,
1
5
(
3
).
[1
1
]
M
a
rw
a
M
e
k
k
i,
Os
m
a
n
A
b
d
a
ll
a
h
,
2
0
1
7
.
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
rs
Ne
tw
o
rk
f
o
r
G
re
e
n
h
o
u
se
M
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
a
n
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
c
s (IJEE
I)
,
5
(3
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.