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in
ir
r
itatio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
g
el
o
r
p
aste
o
n
ce
ev
ap
o
r
ated
o
r
d
r
ied
m
a
y
r
es
u
lt
i
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
ar
ti
f
ac
ts
[
3
]
.
S
w
ea
ts
d
u
e
to
p
er
s
p
ir
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
al
s
o
m
a
k
e
th
e
g
el
lo
s
e
its
co
n
tact
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
k
in
.
T
h
e
d
r
y
elec
tr
o
d
e
o
n
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
m
a
k
es
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
wea
ts
to
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ili
t
y
o
f
th
e
g
el
o
r
p
aste
o
f
t
h
e
w
et
el
ec
tr
o
d
e
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
s
p
ir
atio
n
w
h
ic
h
m
ai
n
l
y
ex
cr
ete
s
s
o
d
iu
m
c
h
lo
r
id
e
ac
ts
a
s
elec
tr
o
l
y
te
th
a
t
en
ter
s
t
h
e
p
o
r
e
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
e
p
er
s
p
ir
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
o
is
t
u
r
izes
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
an
d
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e.
Dr
y
elec
tr
o
d
es
ar
e
n
o
r
m
all
y
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
m
e
tal
s
u
ch
as
s
il
v
er
o
r
co
p
p
er
.
A
d
is
a
d
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
m
etal
-
b
ased
d
r
y
e
lectr
o
d
e
is
n
o
r
m
all
y
r
ig
id
th
a
t i
n
cr
ea
s
e
m
o
tio
n
ar
ti
f
ac
t d
u
r
in
g
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
m
et
al
-
b
ased
elec
tr
o
d
e
is
n
o
r
m
all
y
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
s
k
i
n
w
it
h
s
o
m
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
w
h
ich
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
i
n
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
to
u
s
er
s
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
ese
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
,
f
le
x
ib
le
elec
tr
o
d
e
h
as
b
ee
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
t
h
e
m
ar
k
et.
T
h
e
n
e
w
el
ec
tr
o
d
e
d
esig
n
is
ai
m
ed
to
h
av
e
t
h
e
ab
ili
t
y
o
f
a
co
m
m
er
cialize
d
o
f
f
-
th
e
s
h
elv
es
elec
tr
o
d
e
an
d
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
e
n
h
an
ce
s
t
h
e
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
u
s
er
s
[
5
]
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
p
r
in
tab
le
cir
cu
it
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
n
e
w
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
h
as
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
at
ed
.
Prin
tab
le
cir
cu
it
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
p
en
n
e
w
d
o
o
r
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
er
s
g
r
ea
t
p
l
u
s
p
o
in
t
a
s
a
n
e
w
m
e
th
o
d
i
n
d
esig
n
in
g
n
e
w
elec
tr
o
d
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
d
r
y
f
le
x
ib
le
n
o
n
-
in
v
a
s
i
v
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ati
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
elec
t
r
o
d
e
d
esig
n
is
ai
m
ed
to
h
av
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
o
f
f
-
t
h
e
s
h
el
v
es
elec
tr
o
d
e
an
d
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
e
n
h
an
ce
s
t
h
e
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
s
u
ch
th
at
it
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
il
y
u
s
ed
w
ith
an
y
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
d
ev
ices.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
es is
f
o
r
m
ed
ical
an
d
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
f
ield
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
i
ze
d
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sect
io
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
av
ai
lab
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
t
o
m
a
k
e
a
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
le
x
ib
le
elec
tr
o
d
es
as
w
e
ll
as
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
in
ti
n
g
ci
r
cu
it
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
ex
p
lai
n
ed
in
Sectio
n
3
.
Se
ctio
n
4
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
te
s
ti
n
g
r
esu
lt
s
,
an
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
i
n
Sectio
n
5
.
2.
B
ACK
G
RO
UND
2
.
1
.
F
lex
ibl
e
E
lect
ro
des
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
u
til
izin
g
f
le
x
ib
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
as
a
w
a
y
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
le
x
ib
le
elec
tr
o
d
e.
Ou
r
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
ea
r
c
h
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
o
l
y
i
m
id
e,
p
o
l
y
d
i
m
e
th
y
l
s
ilo
ax
a
n
e
(
P
DM
S)
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
a
n
d
th
e
tex
tile
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
as t
h
e
b
est ca
n
d
id
ates to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
lex
ib
le
el
ec
tr
o
d
e.
T
h
e
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
(
P
I
)
i
s
a
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
a
ter
ial
w
h
er
e
it
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
to
f
o
r
m
ca
b
id
e
f
il
m
.
T
h
u
s
,
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
is
o
f
te
n
u
s
ed
to
m
a
k
e
i
n
v
asi
v
e
elec
tr
o
d
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
o
l
y
i
m
id
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
a
s
in
g
le
m
ater
ial
w
h
ich
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
o
th
er
m
ater
ials
,
h
en
ce
,
lo
w
er
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
t
[
6
]
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
p
o
l
y
i
m
id
e
i
s
n
o
t
s
tiff
en
o
u
g
h
a
n
d
lac
k
th
e
r
ig
id
it
y
f
ac
to
r
to
p
e
n
etr
ate
tis
s
u
e
m
ak
i
n
g
i
t
u
n
s
u
itab
le
as
in
v
as
iv
e
elec
tr
o
d
e.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
an
d
len
g
t
h
y
p
o
l
y
i
m
id
e
p
r
o
b
es
also
w
ill
a
f
f
e
ct
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
i
n
tar
g
eti
n
g
a
s
elec
ted
r
e
g
io
n
d
u
r
in
g
p
en
etr
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
as
e
x
a
m
p
le
in
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
i
tiv
e
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
r
ain
r
eg
io
n
.
T
h
u
s
m
a
k
i
n
g
i
t
a
n
o
t
p
r
ef
er
ab
le
m
ater
ials
to
u
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
asiv
e
elec
tr
o
d
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
s
u
b
s
tr
at
e
h
av
e
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
to
ab
s
o
r
b
m
o
i
s
tu
r
e,
b
u
t
t
h
i
s
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
tic
i
s
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
i
n
v
a
s
iv
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
as
i
t
p
r
o
n
e
to
ca
u
s
e
f
ail
u
r
e
i
n
a
r
eh
ab
ilit
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
7
]
,
[8
]
.
T
h
is
li
m
ita
tio
n
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
m
ig
h
t
b
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
d
esig
n
in
g
a
n
o
n
-
in
v
as
iv
e
elec
t
r
o
d
e
d
esig
n
.
P
DM
S
o
n
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
h
a
s
a
h
i
g
h
b
io
co
m
p
atib
il
it
y
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
tab
ilit
y
,
p
last
ici
t
y
a
n
d
s
o
f
tn
e
s
s
f
ea
t
u
r
e.
T
h
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
a
llo
w
in
g
it
to
b
en
d
.
T
h
u
s
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
r
esis
ta
n
t
to
cr
ac
k
i
n
g
w
h
e
n
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
elec
tr
o
d
es
b
ased
o
n
P
DM
S
is
r
elativ
el
y
s
i
m
p
le
a
n
d
q
u
ick
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
m
a
k
in
g
P
DM
S
r
eq
u
ir
es
ca
r
e
s
in
ce
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
atio
o
f
m
i
x
t
u
r
es
w
ill
m
ak
e
t
h
e
P
DM
S
b
ec
o
m
e
r
ig
id
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
i
b
ilit
y
m
ak
i
n
g
it lo
s
es i
ts
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
f
le
x
ib
le
elec
t
r
o
d
e
[
9
]
.
J
u
s
t
r
ec
en
tl
y
,
tex
t
ile
b
ased
-
ele
ctr
o
d
e
b
eg
an
to
em
er
g
e.
T
h
e
ter
m
e
-
te
x
tile
w
h
ic
h
is
elec
tr
o
n
ic
tex
tile
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
i
n
ter
ch
a
n
g
ea
b
l
y
w
it
h
s
m
ar
t
f
ab
r
ics,
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
ap
p
ar
el
an
d
e
v
en
w
ea
r
ab
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
b
r
in
g
s
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
e
id
ea
o
f
f
le
x
ib
le
elec
tr
o
d
es
in
th
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
ield
s
.
So
f
t
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
u
r
f
ac
es
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
f
ab
r
ic
s
b
o
n
d
ed
w
el
l
w
it
h
th
e
s
k
i
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
a
b
o
d
y
,
h
en
ce
,
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
ar
ti
f
ac
t
an
d
n
o
i
s
e
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
tio
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et
w
ee
n
th
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o
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e
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d
th
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k
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n
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v
a
n
t
ag
es
o
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r
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o
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Ho
w
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f
ab
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ic
o
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its
o
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n
is
u
s
u
all
y
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n
s
u
lato
r
s
t
o
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ar
d
th
e
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
p
r
esen
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o
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th
e
g
el
o
r
p
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as
in
ter
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ac
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s
k
i
n
an
d
th
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elec
tr
o
d
es
ar
e
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eq
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ir
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
w
o
r
k
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
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e
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t
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76
o
f
tex
tile
-
b
ased
elec
tr
o
d
e,
en
h
an
ci
n
g
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
le
x
ib
le
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
elec
tr
o
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es
d
esig
n
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
p
r
in
tab
le
cir
cu
it tec
h
n
o
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g
y
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2
.
2
.
P
rint
a
ble C
ircuit
T
ec
h
no
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g
y
T
h
e
t
w
o
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
p
r
i
n
tab
le
cir
cu
it
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
th
e
t
w
o
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
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al
(
2
D)
an
d
th
r
ee
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
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al
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3
D)
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
I
n
2
D
cir
cu
it
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ar
e
o
p
er
atin
g
o
n
th
e
f
lat
s
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r
f
ac
e
s
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ath
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h
a
n
o
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h
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r
s
o
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u
lti
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ax
i
s
d
i
m
e
n
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io
n
s
.
Sin
ce
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
in
v
o
lv
e
s
3
D
o
b
j
ec
t
an
d
u
ti
lis
e
s
f
lex
ib
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
th
e
3
D
p
r
in
tin
g
m
et
h
o
d
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
p
r
in
tin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
i
n
d
ep
o
s
itin
g
co
n
d
u
cti
v
e
m
ater
ial
o
n
to
f
le
x
ib
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ates.
T
h
ey
ar
e
th
e
i
n
k
j
et
p
r
in
tin
g
,
s
c
r
ee
n
p
r
in
tin
g
as
w
e
ll a
s
d
is
p
en
s
er
p
r
in
tin
g
.
Th
e
in
k
j
et
p
r
in
tin
g
is
a
s
i
m
p
le
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
p
r
in
ti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
o
r
m
al
elec
tr
o
n
ic
i
n
k
j
et
p
r
in
te
r
.
I
n
k
j
et
p
r
in
tin
g
ta
k
es
t
h
e
d
ig
i
tal
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
an
d
p
r
in
ts
th
e
d
ata
b
y
d
ep
o
s
itin
g
i
n
k
d
r
o
p
s
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ates.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
d
e
d
esig
n
,
th
e
i
n
k
i
s
co
n
d
u
ct
iv
e
m
a
ter
ial
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
m
etal
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles,
li
q
u
id
m
etal,
ca
r
b
o
n
n
an
o
m
ater
ial,
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
p
o
l
y
m
er
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
in
k
j
et
p
r
in
tin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
n
o
t
s
u
ita
b
le
f
o
r
m
ass
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
d
u
e
t
o
clo
g
g
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
in
t
in
g
n
o
zz
le
w
h
ich
u
s
u
al
l
y
ca
n
lead
to
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
t
i
m
e
an
d
co
s
t [
5
]
.
I
n
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
i
n
k
is
d
ep
o
s
ited
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
o
r
o
u
s
p
r
in
ti
n
g
p
late
af
f
i
x
ed
to
a
r
ig
id
f
r
a
m
e
[
10]
-
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it d
esig
n
o
r
th
e
i
m
ag
e
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
p
r
in
tin
g
is
o
f
ten
c
al
led
th
e
m
a
s
k
o
r
th
e
s
ten
ci
l.
As
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
in
k
j
et
p
r
in
ti
n
g
,
th
ick
w
et
la
y
er
s
o
f
i
n
k
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
b
e
d
ep
o
s
ited
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
h
av
i
n
g
to
w
o
r
r
y
ab
o
u
t
clo
g
g
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
k
.
T
h
e
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
f
f
er
s
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
f
o
r
m
as
s
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
s
i
n
g
le
f
r
a
m
e
m
a
y
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
m
a
s
k
s
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
ate
l
y
,
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
t
h
e
in
k
to
b
e
at
a
h
ig
h
er
lev
el
o
f
v
is
c
o
s
it
y
f
o
r
b
etter
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
in
k
d
ep
o
s
ited
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
d
r
ied
in
k
lef
t
o
n
th
e
m
as
k
ca
n
d
eter
io
r
at
e
th
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
s
k
a
n
d
af
f
e
ct
th
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
in
ted
p
atter
n
.
Dis
p
en
s
er
p
r
in
tin
g
is
o
n
e
o
f
a
d
ir
ec
t
w
r
ite
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
.
Stru
ct
u
r
es
o
r
d
esig
n
to
b
e
b
u
ilt
ca
n
b
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
in
ted
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
m
as
k
w
h
ich
allo
w
ed
f
o
r
r
ap
id
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
.
T
h
e
in
k
is
d
ep
o
s
ited
o
n
to
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
s
y
r
i
n
g
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
esire
d
p
r
in
ted
p
atter
n
.
As
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
in
k
j
et
p
r
in
ti
n
g
,
t
h
e
d
is
p
en
s
er
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
m
as
s
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
l
tip
l
e
s
y
r
i
n
g
e
in
an
ass
e
m
b
l
y
lin
e
[
9
]
.
I
n
k
s
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
u
s
p
en
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
s
lu
r
r
ie
s
o
r
ev
en
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
b
e
u
s
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
p
r
in
ti
n
g
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
in
ti
n
g
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
ig
h
v
is
co
s
it
y
i
n
k
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
in
k
j
et
p
r
in
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
t
h
e
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
p
r
in
tin
g
m
a
y
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
clo
g
g
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
r
i
n
g
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
iti
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
in
k
b
eh
a
v
io
r
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
p
ar
ticle
s
ize,
s
h
ap
e,
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
a
g
a
in
s
t a
g
g
r
eg
atio
n
d
u
e
to
in
ter
p
a
r
ticles attr
ac
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
s
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
ese
th
r
ee
p
r
i
n
ti
n
g
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
h
a
s
d
ec
id
ed
to
ad
v
an
ce
w
ith
t
h
e
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
p
r
in
ti
n
g
s
t
y
le
d
u
e
to
its
lo
w
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
co
s
t,
f
aste
r
tu
r
n
ar
o
u
n
d
ti
m
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
i
n
g
as
w
ell
as
d
u
e
to
o
u
r
s
elec
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cti
v
e
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
o
u
r
f
le
x
ib
le
d
r
y
elec
tr
o
d
e
w
h
ic
h
is
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
T
h
r
ee
3
D
P
r
in
tin
g
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
3.
RE
S
E
A
RCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
th
at
th
e
r
ec
e
n
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
in
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
llo
w
s
u
s
to
p
r
in
t
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
es.
T
h
e
p
r
in
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
ill
u
tili
s
e
co
n
d
u
cti
v
e
i
n
k
to
b
e
p
r
in
ted
o
n
to
f
le
x
i
b
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ates.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
a
f
le
x
ib
le
d
r
y
elec
tr
o
d
e,
th
e
f
ab
r
ic
o
r
th
e
tex
tile
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
a
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
f
o
r
t
h
e
ele
ctr
o
d
e
as
elab
o
r
ated
in
Secti
o
n
2
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
ex
p
lain
s
t
h
e
m
ater
ial
a
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
h
i
g
h
c
o
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
an
d
lo
w
r
esis
ti
v
it
y
f
le
x
ib
le
elec
tr
o
d
e
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
in
v
as
iv
e
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
d
esig
n
a
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Sil
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u
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u
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ased
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r
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4.
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L
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I
S
T
h
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tio
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elab
o
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ates
t
h
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p
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t
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u
cted
.
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n
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ex
p
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m
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f
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co
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d
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cti
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ad
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to
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w
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o
th
an
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led
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
an
n
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r
o
ce
s
s
.
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h
e
n
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t
h
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s
tep
s
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p
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er
ad
d
ed
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to
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DOT
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ith
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d
n
o
n
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n
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s
s
.
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h
is
is
to
id
en
tify
w
h
ic
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co
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ce
n
tr
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o
f
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v
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So
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v
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f
o
r
th
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d
esig
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ated
d
r
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f
le
x
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tr
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d
e.
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co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
b
et
w
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n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
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tr
o
d
es
an
d
th
e
d
esi
g
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ated
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tr
o
d
es a
s
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ell
a
s
th
e
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m
f
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r
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ilty
te
s
t o
f
t
h
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d
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ated
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tr
o
d
es
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ill al
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o
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
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s
ec
t
io
n
.
4
.
1
.
Co
nd
uct
iv
it
y
T
est
T
h
e
P
E
DO
T
:
P
SS
is
m
ix
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
iv
e
d
i
f
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er
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t
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
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as
a
co
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cti
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e
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k
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o
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th
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tr
o
d
es.
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h
e
in
k
i
s
t
h
e
n
b
e
in
g
p
r
in
ted
o
n
to
t
h
e
1
c
m
2
p
o
l
y
ester
co
tto
n
f
ab
r
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w
it
h
f
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v
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d
if
f
er
en
t
la
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s
.
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h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
ar
e
th
en
co
n
n
e
cted
to
th
e
cir
cu
it
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
3
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
cir
cu
i
t
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
alu
e
f
o
r
f
ix
ed
r
esi
s
to
r
in
t
h
is
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
is
5
1
.
5
Ω
w
h
ile
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
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cu
r
r
en
t
p
ass
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
cir
c
u
it
w
it
h
o
u
t a
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DOT
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r
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e
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s
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t
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tr
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g
el
m
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e
o
n
e
o
f
t
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r
ea
s
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s
t
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u
s
e
s
t
h
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n
i
f
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m
l
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s
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t
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s
u
r
f
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r
th
e
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ted
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tr
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s
w
ea
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ce
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d
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p
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r
atio
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ill ac
t a
s
t
h
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tr
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l
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t
e
g
el.
Me
an
w
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t
h
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lu
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g
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F
ig
u
r
e
5
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b
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t
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ated
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tr
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t
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5
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d
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h
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o
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s
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m
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h
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n
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is
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p
r
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b
y
t
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ig
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n
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it
y
r
ate.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
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r
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le
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
d
ev
ices
w
it
h
o
u
t f
ee
l
in
g
an
y
p
ain
a
n
d
t
h
e
y
ar
e
n
o
t s
w
ea
ti
n
g
.
I
n
co
n
tr
as
t,
t
h
e
P
E
DOT
:
P
SS
an
d
s
il
v
er
elec
tr
o
d
es
s
co
r
e
a
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
le
v
el
o
f
8
3
an
d
8
2
o
u
t
o
f
1
0
0
f
o
r
5
0
0
0
p
p
m
s
o
l
u
tio
n
a
n
d
2
0
0
0
p
p
m
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
all
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
f
e
lt
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
e
elec
tr
o
d
es,
an
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
2
.
5
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
f
elt
a
s
li
g
h
t
p
ain
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
h
e
n
ap
p
lied
w
it
h
t
h
e
n
e
w
d
r
y
elec
tr
o
d
e.
T
h
is
p
ain
m
ig
h
t
b
e
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
co
n
d
u
ct
iv
i
t
y
ex
h
ib
it
b
y
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
to
th
e
s
k
i
n
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
e
h
i
g
h
er
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
elec
tr
ical
ch
ar
g
e
b
ein
g
tr
an
s
m
itted
i
n
to
t
h
e
m
u
s
cle.
S
in
ce
th
is
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
h
as
u
tili
ze
d
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
etti
n
g
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
th
r
ee
elec
tr
o
d
es,
th
is
w
o
u
ld
m
ea
n
th
at
lo
w
er
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
s
ti
m
u
lat
io
n
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
r
y
elec
tr
o
d
e
is
en
o
u
g
h
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
lev
el
a
s
a
p
r
e
-
g
elled
elec
tr
o
d
e.
Hen
ce
,
w
it
h
f
u
r
t
h
er
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
en
t,
t
h
e
n
e
w
f
le
x
ib
le
d
e
s
ig
n
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
ab
le
to
o
p
en
a
n
e
w
m
ar
k
et
w
i
n
d
o
w
i
n
th
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
elec
tr
o
d
es a
p
p
licatio
n
.
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
E
lectr
o
d
es b
ein
g
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
d
ev
ices b
ei
n
g
to
a
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ai
m
ed
to
d
esi
g
n
a
n
e
w
f
le
x
ib
le
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
ele
ctr
o
d
e
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
w
i
th
a
n
y
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
ti
m
u
la
tio
n
d
e
v
ice
f
o
r
s
ti
m
u
lu
s
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
P
E
DOT
:
PS
S
m
i
x
ed
w
ith
th
e
s
il
v
er
s
o
l
u
tio
n
w
as
p
r
in
ted
o
n
p
o
ly
e
s
ter
co
tto
n
f
ab
r
ics b
y
d
is
p
en
s
er
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
es
t h
as b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
c
ted
to
ex
a
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
ct
iv
i
t
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
A
n
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
F
lexib
le
Dry
S
u
r
fa
ce
E
lectro
d
es (
A
melia
Wo
n
g
A
z
ma
n
)
83
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ab
r
icate
d
elec
tr
o
d
es.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
elec
tr
o
d
es
w
er
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
co
m
m
er
cialize
d
o
f
f
-
t
h
e
-
s
h
el
f
elec
tr
o
d
es
b
y
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
at
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
as
w
el
l
as
t
h
e
s
a
tis
f
ac
to
r
y
lev
el
an
d
co
m
f
o
r
tab
ilit
y
le
v
el
o
f
th
e
en
d
u
s
er
.
Fo
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
o
th
er
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
u
p
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
il
v
er
i
n
th
e
P
E
DOT
:
P
S
S
t
h
at
g
i
v
e
a
b
etter
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
ar
g
e
s
to
th
e
m
u
s
cle
f
o
r
t
h
e
b
est
co
m
f
o
r
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
ai
n
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
to
b
e
ab
le
to
f
in
d
an
alter
n
at
iv
e
m
ater
ia
l
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
ly
e
s
ter
co
tto
n
f
ab
r
ic
w
h
ich
h
a
v
e
a
b
etter
w
as
h
ab
le
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
an
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
it
s
h
ig
h
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
a
f
ter
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
a
s
h
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
also
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
es
u
l
t
an
al
y
ze
d
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
,
it
i
s
p
r
o
v
en
th
at
th
e
n
e
w
f
le
x
ib
le
d
r
y
elec
tr
o
d
es
h
av
e
h
i
g
h
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
a
n
d
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
v
alid
s
ti
m
u
l
u
s
s
i
g
n
a
l a
n
d
ca
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
l
ik
e
t
h
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
co
m
m
er
cialize
d
elec
tr
o
d
es.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
F
.
A
z
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
S
ti
m
u
latio
n
i
n
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
M
u
sc
le
T
o
n
e
(Cl
in
ica
l)
,”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
ma
rt I
n
stru
me
n
t
a
ti
o
n
,
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (
ICS
IM
A)
,
P
u
traja
y
a
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
Ke
y
u
n
C
.
L
.
R
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
a
b
r
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
M
icro
-
Ne
e
d
le
El
e
c
tro
d
e
s
f
o
r
Bio
-
S
ig
n
a
l
Re
c
o
rd
in
g
b
y
a
M
a
g
n
e
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
-
In
d
u
c
e
d
S
e
lf
-
A
s
se
m
b
l
y
M
e
th
o
d
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
El
e
n
a
F
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
re
li
m
in
a
ry
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
a
ss
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
ic
ro
n
e
e
d
les
-
b
a
se
d
d
ry
e
lec
tro
d
e
s
f
o
r
b
io
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
i
n
c
li
n
ica
l
e
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
S
e
n
s
o
rs
a
n
d
Act
u
a
t
o
rs
A:
P
h
y
sic
a
l
,
p
p
.
1
7
7
-
1
8
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
N
.
M
e
z
ian
e
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Dry
e
lec
tro
d
e
s f
o
r
e
lec
tro
c
a
rd
io
g
ra
p
h
y
,
”
Ph
y
sio
lo
g
ica
l
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
A
.
W
.
Az
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
d
e
De
sig
n
fo
r
No
n
-
I
n
v
a
siv
e
S
ti
m
u
lu
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
ma
rt
In
stru
me
n
t
a
ti
o
n
,
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
(
ICS
IM
A)
,
P
u
t
ra
ja
y
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
Br
y
a
n
H
.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
El
e
c
tro
d
e
s fo
r
Ef
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
S
e
lec
ti
v
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
S
ti
m
u
latio
n
o
f
Ne
rv
o
u
s T
issu
e
,
”
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
S
.
F
u
j
it
a
a
n
d
Y
.
Ka
m
e
i,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
w
it
h
wa
ter
a
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
,”
1
1
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
E
lec
tre
ts
(
IS
E1
1
)
,
2
0
0
2
.
[8
]
S
.
N.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
c
re
e
n
P
ri
n
t
e
d
A
g
-
P
DMS
F
lex
ib
le
El
e
c
tro
d
e
f
o
r
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
M
u
sc
le
S
ti
m
u
latio
n
(EM
S
)
,”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
(
IJ
EE
I)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
5
(4
),
pp.
295
-
3
0
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
Cih
u
n
S
.
A
.
G
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
F
lex
ib
le
No
n
-
M
e
tal
El
e
c
tro
d
e
f
o
r
Ce
l
l
S
ti
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
Re
c
o
rd
in
g
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
Zh
ih
e
n
g
Z
.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
P
EDOT
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
m
p
o
sites
a
s ele
c
tro
d
e
m
a
teria
ls
f
o
r
su
p
e
rc
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs,
”
UK
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
Kh
a
n
S
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ba
c
teria
l
Ce
ll
u
lo
se
-
p
o
ly
(3
,
4
-
e
th
y
len
e
d
io
x
y
th
io
p
h
e
n
e
)
-
p
o
ly
(st
y
r
e
n
e
su
lf
o
n
a
te)
Co
m
p
o
site
F
o
r
Op
t
o
e
lec
tro
n
ic A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
Ca
rb
o
h
y
d
ra
te P
o
lym
e
rs
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
Na
n
o
S
il
v
e
r
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
S
d
n
Bh
d
.
(
2
0
0
4
,
Ju
n
e
)
S
il
v
e
rS
o
l™
.
[On
li
n
e
]
.
h
tt
p
:/
/w
ww
.
n
a
n
o
silv
e
r.
c
o
m
.
m
y
/
[1
3
]
J.
V
a
it
h
il
i
n
g
a
m
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
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