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7
5
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A
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(
Ma
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69
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ls
o
u
tili
ze
d
to
g
ath
er
d
ata.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
o
f
[
6
]
-
[8
]
aim
ed
to
ex
am
in
e
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
a
n
d
esti
m
atio
n
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
ar
ea
s
.
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
ts
ca
n
u
s
e
th
eir
wo
r
k
s
to
im
p
lem
en
t
en
er
g
y
-
s
av
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
esti
m
ate
h
o
w
m
u
ch
en
e
r
g
y
is
co
n
s
u
m
ed
in
a
h
o
u
s
e
an
d
it
m
ay
also
b
e
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
u
s
e
o
f
o
th
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
,
s
u
c
h
as
el
ec
tr
icity
o
r
n
atu
r
al
g
as.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies we
r
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
en
er
g
y
ty
p
es.
Yan
g
et
a
l
.
[
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
en
er
g
y
esti
m
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
u
s
es
th
e
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e,
p
ar
alleliza
tio
n
,
an
d
b
it
-
wid
th
o
f
a
d
ee
p
n
e
u
r
al
n
e
two
r
k
(
DNN
)
to
esti
m
ate
its
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
test
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
DNNs
b
y
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
DNN
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
at
ar
e
cu
r
r
en
tly
b
ein
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
in
th
e
f
ield
.
A
f
u
r
th
er
wo
r
k
[
10
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
o
T
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
;
th
ey
s
u
g
g
est
an
e
n
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icie
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
;
f
ir
s
t,
b
ef
o
r
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
th
ey
ap
p
ly
a
f
ast
er
r
o
r
-
b
o
u
n
d
ed
lo
s
s
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
to
th
e
co
llected
d
ata,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
m
o
s
t
en
er
g
y
-
in
te
n
s
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
an
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
ey
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
itted
d
ata
o
n
an
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
it
u
s
in
g
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
d
e
ep
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
o
s
u
b
s
tan
tiate
th
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
ey
u
s
e
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
d
r
iv
in
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
i
n
in
tellig
en
t
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
to
v
er
if
y
t
h
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
in
wh
ic
h
b
lo
o
d
test
s
d
ata
is
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
r
iv
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
w
ir
e
less
b
o
d
y
s
en
s
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
(
W
B
SN)
an
d
wea
r
ab
le
d
ev
ices
an
d
s
en
t
t
o
an
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t stre
s
s
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
All
o
f
th
ese
r
elate
d
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
s
f
ac
e
ch
allen
g
es
to
w
o
r
k
with
o
r
a
r
e
n
o
t
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
,
m
o
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
ey
ar
e
n
o
t
n
ew
wo
r
k
s
,
an
d
th
ey
ar
e
n
o
t
m
en
tio
n
in
g
h
o
w
to
s
atis
f
y
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
with
o
u
t
en
e
r
g
y
t
h
ef
t
in
th
eir
wo
r
k
s
ev
en
th
e
y
u
s
e
a
well
-
k
n
o
wn
ML
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
I
n
t
h
is
wo
r
k
,
we
u
s
e
a
n
ew
s
im
p
lest
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ML
tech
n
iq
u
es,
it
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
p
r
esen
ted
ab
o
v
e,
we
f
in
d
th
e
ef
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
b
y
d
etec
tin
g
ca
s
es
o
f
th
ef
t
th
at
o
cc
u
r
b
y
s
o
m
e
h
ac
k
er
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
wh
o
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
u
p
p
lied
with
q
u
an
titi
es
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
wh
at
is
p
lan
n
ed
b
y
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
cir
cu
its
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
o
n
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
th
e
e
f
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
(
E
E
C
M)
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
wh
ich
h
av
e
two
t
y
p
es
o
f
d
ata
(
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es)
th
at
it
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
two
way
s
;
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
way
is
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
wa
y
,
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
with
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
ex
p
e
n
d
itu
r
e
th
at
m
u
s
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
n
o
r
m
ally
an
d
p
er
io
d
ically
f
o
r
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e
ev
er
y
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
en
er
g
y
m
eter
in
g
an
d
th
en
wr
itin
g
th
ese
un
-
u
s
ef
u
l
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
way
is
n
ewe
r
an
d
s
m
ar
ter
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
alid
at
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
wh
er
e
t
h
e
ML
is
in
v
o
lv
ed
t
o
f
in
d
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
e
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
s
m
ar
tly
to
f
in
d
t
h
e
u
s
ef
u
l r
esu
l
t d
ata
(
d
ata
with
o
u
t t
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
en
er
g
y
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e
in
it)
[
1
1
]
.
E
E
C
M
ca
n
b
e
b
u
ilt
with
lar
g
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
th
at
ar
e
o
p
er
ate
d
s
m
ar
tly
wit
h
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
th
e
s
m
ar
ter
m
eth
o
d
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
P
RO
CE
D
URE
I
n
o
u
r
wo
r
k
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
as
o
n
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
t
h
e
E
E
C
M
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
th
ef
t
b
y
s
p
ec
if
y
i
n
g
th
e
h
ig
h
er
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
(
A
p
)
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
AI
b
r
a
n
ch
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
m
ar
test
ML
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
wh
er
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
lear
n
in
g
h
o
w
to
s
p
en
d
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ely
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
is
s
im
u
lat
ed
an
d
ex
ec
u
ted
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
W
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
s
in
g
(
A
p
)
as
an
esti
m
ated
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
h
ig
h
er
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
E
c
)
,
wh
er
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
co
m
es
d
u
e
to
a
lim
ited
a
n
d
u
s
ef
u
l
way
o
f
en
er
g
y
-
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
.
T
h
en
,
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
(
A
p
)
,
we
im
p
r
o
v
e
E
c'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
to
s
ee
wh
at
ef
f
ec
t
it
h
ad
o
n
(
E
c
)
's
b
eh
av
io
r
,
a
n
d
we
s
ee
wh
at
h
ap
p
en
ed
t
o
th
e
(
E
c
)
'
s
a
co
s
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
as
th
e
(
A
p
)
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
As
a
r
esu
lt
,
(
A
p
)
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
tr
a
d
iti
o
n
al
an
d
esti
m
ated
v
alu
es
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
th
e
(
E
c
)
o
u
tp
u
t
v
alu
es.
T
o
d
escr
ib
e
t
h
e
(
A
p
)
Me
t
h
o
d
s
,
we
n
ee
d
f
ir
s
t to
k
n
o
w
th
e
elec
tr
ic
al
en
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l m
o
d
el'
s
ty
p
es f
o
r
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
2
.
1
.
E
lect
rica
l e
nerg
y
m
o
del
E
n
er
g
y
is
d
escr
ib
ed
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
w
o
r
k
o
v
er
tim
e
p
e
r
io
d
,
p
e
o
p
le
(
th
e
elec
tr
ical
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
)
h
av
e
lear
n
ed
h
o
w
to
co
n
v
er
t
en
e
r
g
y
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
ty
p
e
to
an
o
th
er
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
s
e
it
to
d
o
wo
r
k
,
m
ak
in
g
m
o
d
er
n
s
o
ciety
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
class
if
ied
in
to
two
ty
p
es:
r
en
ewa
b
le
an
d
n
o
n
r
en
e
wab
le
[
1
2
]
.
R
en
ewa
b
le
an
d
n
o
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
m
ay
u
s
e
to
g
e
n
er
ate
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
25
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
22
:
68
-
7
8
70
p
r
im
ar
y
en
er
g
y
s
u
ch
as
h
ea
t,
o
r
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
en
er
g
y
s
u
ch
as
e
lectr
ical
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
e
n
er
g
ie
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
o
u
r
wo
r
k
,
we
tak
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
as
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
wh
ich
h
as
two
m
ain
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
s
,
an
d
we
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
as
th
e
ac
tu
al
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
elec
tr
ical
d
ev
ices
s
u
ch
as
e
lectr
ic
ap
p
lian
ce
s
,
lig
h
ter
s
,
an
d
h
ea
t
er
s
,
an
d
th
en
th
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
e
lectr
ical
en
er
g
y
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
m
u
ltip
ly
in
g
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
(
)
b
y
th
e
tim
e
tak
en
to
co
n
s
u
m
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
(
)
as in
(
1
)
:
=
×
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
h
as
r
ep
r
esen
te
d
th
e
a
ctu
al
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
i
n
k
ilo
watts
(
k
W
)
an
d
(
)
is
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
tim
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
h
o
u
r
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
ter
m
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
r
e
f
er
s
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
ca
n
s
av
e
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
u
s
ef
u
l
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
to
th
e
t
o
tal
o
f
in
p
u
t
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
ated
,
t
h
e
lin
k
b
etw
ee
n
e
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
an
d
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
th
e
clien
t
-
u
tili
ty
ce
n
ter
,
wh
ich
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
a
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
e
en
er
g
y
-
c
o
n
s
u
m
in
g
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
th
e
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
wh
ich
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
th
e
m
ain
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
is
a
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
r
atio
b
etwe
en
u
s
ef
u
l c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
en
e
r
g
y
t
o
to
tal
in
p
u
t e
n
er
g
y
as
in
(
2
)
:
%
=
(
)
×
100%
(
2
)
w
h
e
r
e
(
)
i
s
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
(
)
i
s
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
a
n
d
(
)
i
s
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
n
p
u
t
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
in
p
u
t
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
h
o
w
m
u
ch
en
e
r
g
y
r
ea
c
h
e
d
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t,
wh
ich
m
ay
b
eh
a
v
e
eq
u
al
q
u
an
titi
es
r
ea
ch
ed
th
em
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
its
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
an
d
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
,
ev
er
y
m
in
is
tr
y
o
f
elec
tr
icity
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
p
r
o
v
id
es
its
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
with
a
ce
r
tain
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
th
at
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
its
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
in
o
th
er
co
u
n
t
r
ies.
T
h
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
m
ad
e
in
th
e
State
o
f
I
r
aq
,
wh
er
e
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
with
a
q
u
a
n
tity
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
5
3
(
k
ilo
watt
-
h
o
u
r
s
)
t
h
at
th
e
citizen
m
u
s
t
co
m
p
ly
with
with
o
u
t
ex
ce
ed
in
g
it
to
o
b
tain
(
)
is
u
s
ef
u
l,
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
E
x
ce
ed
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
m
is
s
ib
le
lim
it
co
n
s
u
m
es
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
,
an
d
it
is
war
n
e
d
th
at
t
h
e
p
o
wer
will
b
e
c
u
t
o
f
f
f
r
o
m
it
if
th
e
p
er
m
is
s
ib
le
am
o
u
n
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
o
r
m
alize
th
e
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
;
t
h
e
(
)
m
u
s
t
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l
en
er
g
y
if
all
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
co
n
s
u
m
e
with
ca
u
tio
n
to
s
atis
f
y
th
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
f
o
r
m
u
la
with
th
e
b
est
r
esu
lt.
Fo
r
th
at,
we
n
ee
d
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
s
ca
le,
wh
ich
u
s
ed
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
th
at
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
ca
lled
th
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
(
)
[
1
8
]
f
o
r
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
(
)
.
W
e
n
ee
d
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
ac
tu
al
p
o
wer
t
r
an
s
m
itted
to
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
a
d
s
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
1
]
,
s
u
ch
as
elec
tr
ic
ap
p
lian
ce
s
,
lig
h
ter
s
,
h
ea
ter
s
,
an
d
la
p
to
p
s
(
k
W
)
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
o
ca
lcu
late
it
we
m
u
s
t
f
ir
s
t
lear
n
th
at
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
(
I
)
lag
g
i
n
g
b
y
9
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
b
eh
in
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
V)
b
y
an
an
g
le
f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
s
th
at
b
e
u
s
ed
in
o
u
r
h
o
u
s
es,
th
e
v
ec
to
r
d
iag
r
am
wh
ich
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
th
at
ar
e
p
er
f
ec
tly
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
s
ig
n
als.
T
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
v
ec
to
r
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
two
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
th
is
v
ec
t
o
r
d
ia
g
r
am
:
o
n
e
in
p
h
ase
with
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
t
o
r
(
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
)
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
is
lag
g
in
g
9
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
(
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
)
[
2
]
u
s
u
ally
th
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
(
)
is
g
iv
en
in
(
3
)
:
=
φ
(
3
)
Af
ter
th
at,
th
e
(
)
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
:
=
V
×
=
V
×
I
×
=
V
×
I
×
φ
(
4
)
No
w,
we
n
ee
d
to
d
ef
in
e
a
n
ew
ter
m
n
am
ely
p
e
r
io
d
o
f
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
POC
)
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
an
g
e
b
etwe
en
e
n
d
in
g
tim
e
an
d
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
tim
e
in
h
o
u
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ev
ices
ty
p
e.
I
n
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
to
f
in
d
an
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el,
we
m
u
s
t
f
ir
s
t
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
ical
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
a
d
s
,
we
ass
u
m
ed
two
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
e
x
am
p
le
s
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
o
u
r
s
u
g
g
ested
s
y
s
t
em
,
we
ass
u
m
ed
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
d
ev
ices
in
ea
ch
s
m
ar
t
h
o
u
s
e,
f
o
r
s
atis
f
ied
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
E
C
M,
we
d
iv
id
ed
o
u
r
d
e
v
ices
in
to
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
g
r
o
u
p
x
an
d
g
r
o
u
p
y
)
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ices
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
(
x
)
ar
e
th
e
d
e
v
ice
u
s
ed
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
is
g
iv
en
in
(
6
)
,
an
d
th
e
d
ev
ices
wer
e
lo
ca
ted
in
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
(
y
)
a
r
e
t
h
e
d
ev
ices
n
o
t
u
s
ed
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
is
g
iv
en
in
(
7
)
;
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
to
tal
d
ev
ice
is
g
iv
en
i
n
(
5
)
:
=
V
×
=
V
×
I
×
=
V
×
I
×
φ
(
5
)
=
1
+
2
+
3
,
…
.
.
,
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
e
v
ic
es u
s
ed
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
n
ew s
ma
r
t a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
o
f a
n
efficien
t e
n
erg
y
co
n
s
u
mp
tio
n
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
b
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
Ma
h
a
Yo
u
s
if Ha
s
a
n
)
71
=
1
+
2
+
3
,
…
.
.
,
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
ev
ices
n
o
t u
s
ed
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
.
W
e
ass
u
m
ed
f
o
u
r
v
a
r
io
u
s
d
ev
i
ce
s
in
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
(
)
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
k
W
)
w
ill
b
e
in
a
lo
w
ac
tiv
e
if
o
n
e
d
e
v
ice
is
o
p
er
ated
o
r
h
ig
h
ly
ac
tiv
e
if
a
ll
d
ev
ices
ar
e
o
p
er
atin
g
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ac
tu
al
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
all
f
o
u
r
d
ev
ices
th
r
o
u
g
h
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
/d
ay
t
o
r
eg
is
ter
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
ev
ice
e
x
ac
tly
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Actu
al
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
D
e
v
i
c
e
t
y
p
e
D
e
v
i
c
e
n
a
m
e
D
e
v
i
c
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
(
)
c
o
n
su
mp
t
i
o
n
(
k
W
)
l
o
w
a
c
t
i
v
e
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wh
ich
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eter
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y
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y
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tr
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m
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b
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th
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n
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m
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wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
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ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
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n
it c
o
s
t
U
n
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me
(
(
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(
k
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h
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(
(
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(
$
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1
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5
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1
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1
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atica
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ical
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f
co
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ter
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ical
d
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g
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la
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p
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ed
E
E
C
M
p
r
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ce
s
s
,
we
d
o
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
an
al
y
s
is
:
2
.
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
hem
a
t
ic
a
l m
o
del (
g
ro
up
X)
dev
ices
Fix
ed
lo
ad
d
e
v
ices
ar
e
an
o
th
e
r
n
am
e
f
o
r
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
d
ev
ice.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
s
witch
in
g
o
n
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
tim
e
to
an
o
th
er
,
in
ter
r
u
p
tin
g
t
h
e
wo
r
k
o
f
s
u
ch
d
ev
ices
is
n
o
t
ess
en
tial,
o
r
it
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
a
f
ix
e
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
u
r
s
p
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d
ay
.
Used
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
d
ev
ices n
ee
d
a
lim
ited
tim
e
to
co
m
p
lete
th
eir
wo
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k
in
g
s
tar
t tim
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T
h
is
g
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p
in
cl
u
d
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ter
io
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tin
g
a
n
d
f
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es.
T
h
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
els'
d
ev
ices
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
x
f
o
r
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
g
i
v
en
i
n
(
8
)
:
=
×
×
=
×
×
φ
(8
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
h
as r
ep
r
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te
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th
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ac
tu
al
p
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m
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d
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k
W
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(
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th
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v
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ltag
e
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V)
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d
(
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r
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p
x
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lated
f
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ay
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r
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h
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4
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o
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b
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s
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g
(
9
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:
(
)
=
∑
(
×
(
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24
=
1
(
9
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w
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er
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th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
is
g
r
o
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p
ar
e:
(
(
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is
th
e
en
er
g
y
-
c
o
n
s
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m
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g
f
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v
ice
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tin
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ly
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th
e
d
ev
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s
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ev
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at
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in
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all
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ar
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u
s
ed
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u
o
u
s
ly
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ter
th
at,
we
c
an
ca
lcu
la
te
th
e
t
o
tal
co
s
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f
co
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s
u
m
ed
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s
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tin
u
o
u
s
ly
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(
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f
o
r
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e
h
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s
e
th
r
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g
h
2
4
h
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g
t
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f
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la
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g
iv
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in
(
1
0
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:
(
(
)
)
=
(
(
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×
ρ
(
T
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(
1
0
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
25
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
22
:
68
-
7
8
72
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
th
e
co
s
t o
f
th
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en
er
g
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n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
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r
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ch
d
ev
ice
u
s
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co
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tin
u
o
u
s
ly
.
W
e
ca
n
b
e
u
s
in
g
d
ata
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
t
o
k
n
o
w
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y
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n
it
ty
p
e
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
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m
p
tio
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(
(
)
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d
we
ca
n
u
s
e
th
is
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
(
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ρ
(
T
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r
ep
r
esen
ted
if
th
e
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ice
u
s
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n
th
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s
e
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it is
eq
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d
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ed
in
th
e
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f
,
it is
eq
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al
to
ze
r
o
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
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io
d
(
T
)
h
o
u
r
s
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
M
a
t
hem
a
t
ic
a
l m
o
del (
g
ro
up
Y)
dev
ices
Dev
ices
n
o
t
u
s
ed
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
ar
e
m
an
u
al
s
h
if
ter
d
e
v
ices
th
at
ca
n
b
e
s
witch
ed
to
an
y
p
r
im
e
tim
e
with
in
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
.
I
t
is
also
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
s
to
p
th
ese
d
e
v
ices
f
r
o
m
wo
r
k
in
g
.
Her
e
is
wh
er
e
we
b
r
in
g
th
e
air
co
n
d
itio
n
,
wash
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e,
co
f
f
ee
m
ac
h
in
e,
s
ca
n
n
er
,
m
icr
o
wav
e
o
v
en
,
tab
let,
v
ac
u
u
m
c
lean
er
,
elec
tr
ic
ca
r
,
ir
o
n
,
wash
er
,
an
d
h
air
d
r
y
er
.
T
h
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els'
d
ev
ices
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
y
f
o
r
th
e
ac
tu
al
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
g
iv
en
in
(
1
1
)
:
=
×
×
=
×
×
φ
(
1
1
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
h
as
r
ep
r
esen
ted
th
e
ac
t
u
al
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
(
k
W
)
,
(
)
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
V)
an
d
(
)
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
in
g
r
o
u
p
y
.
T
h
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
o
n
e
d
ay
th
r
o
u
g
h
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
f
o
r
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
g
iv
en
i
n
(
1
2
)
:
(
)
=
∑
(
×
(
)
)
24
=
1
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
th
is
g
r
o
u
p
a
r
e:
(
)
is
en
er
g
y
-
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
f
o
r
d
ev
ices
n
o
t
u
s
ed
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
,
(
)
is
th
e
d
ev
ice
n
o
t
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ea
c
h
d
ev
ice
is
ac
tiv
e
in
o
n
e
tim
e
(
T
)
an
d
ar
e
all
d
ev
ices
n
o
t
u
s
ed
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
,
af
ter
th
at,
we
ca
n
ca
lcu
late
th
e
to
tal
co
s
t
o
f
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
d
ev
ices
n
o
t
u
s
ed
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
(
(
)
)
f
o
r
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
is
g
iv
en
in
(
1
3
)
:
(
(
)
)
=
(
(
)
)
×
ρ
(
T
)
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
th
e
p
r
ice
o
f
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
e
v
i
ce
n
o
t
u
s
ed
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
,
w
e
ca
n
b
e
u
s
in
g
T
ab
le
2
to
k
n
o
w
an
y
u
n
it
ty
p
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
(
)
)
we
c
an
u
s
e
t
h
is
eq
u
atio
n
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
(
)
,
ρ
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
te
d
if
th
e
d
ev
ice
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
h
o
u
s
e
is
o
n
eq
u
al
o
n
e
o
r
o
f
f
to
eq
u
al
ze
r
o
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
er
io
d
(
T
)
h
o
u
r
s
.
Fin
ally
,
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
u
p
p
e
r
eq
u
atio
n
s
,
we
ca
n
f
in
d
t
h
e
f
in
al
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
th
e
to
tal
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e
in
all
ty
p
es
o
f
d
e
v
ices is g
iv
en
in
(
1
4
)
:
=
(
)
+
(
)
(
1
4
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
th
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
to
tal
ef
f
icien
t e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
)
is
g
iv
en
in
(
1
5
)
:
%
=
(
(
)
+
(
)
)
×
100
%
(
1
5
)
T
h
e
to
tal
p
r
ices f
o
r
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
)
is
g
iv
en
in
(
1
6
)
:
(
)
=
(
(
)
)
+
(
(
)
)
(
1
7
)
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
to
tal
p
r
ices f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
)
ar
e
g
iv
en
i
n
(
1
7
)
:
(
)
%
=
(
(
(
)
)
+
(
(
)
)
(
)
)
×
100
%
(
1
7
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
th
e
to
tal
p
r
ice
f
o
r
i
n
p
u
t
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
it
i
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
h
o
w
m
u
ch
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
eq
u
als.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
W
e
h
av
e
two
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es o
f
th
e
E
E
C
M
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es f
o
r
ca
lcu
la
tin
g
th
e
(
)
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
ca
lcu
lat
in
g
th
e
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
two
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
test
ed
an
d
v
e
r
if
ied
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
esti
m
ated
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
d
ata
f
o
r
o
n
e
d
ay
p
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tim
es
f
o
r
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
d
escr
ib
e
h
o
w
th
ese
tw
o
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es a
r
e
wo
r
k
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
n
ew s
ma
r
t a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
o
f a
n
efficien
t e
n
erg
y
co
n
s
u
mp
tio
n
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
b
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
Ma
h
a
Yo
u
s
if Ha
s
a
n
)
73
3
.
1
.
T
ra
ditio
na
l a
pp
ro
a
ch
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
ac
es
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
th
ef
t,
esp
ec
i
ally
in
th
e
s
u
m
m
er
s
ea
s
o
n
b
y
u
s
in
g
o
r
d
in
ar
y
elec
tr
ic
m
eter
s
[
3
]
i
n
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e.
I
f
we
ass
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
all
d
e
v
ices
is
ac
tiv
e
an
d
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
p
u
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
eq
u
al
1
0
Am
p
er
e
an
d
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
eq
u
al
to
2
2
0
v
o
lts
,
s
o
th
e
(
)
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
is
eq
u
al
to
2
2
0
0
watts;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
to
ta
l
in
p
u
t
en
er
g
y
is
=
53
ℎ
th
r
o
u
g
h
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
f
o
r
o
n
e
d
ay
in
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e
with
(
)
=
4
.
7
6
8
$
,
th
en
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
f
o
r
m
u
la
in
th
e
ab
o
v
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
,
we
ca
lc
u
lated
e
v
er
y
p
ar
am
eter
f
o
r
o
n
e
ass
u
m
e
d
h
o
u
s
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tim
e
(
h
)
f
o
r
o
n
e
d
ay
in
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e,
th
e
(
)
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
k
W
)
wh
ich
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
elec
tr
ic
m
eter
,
we
ca
n
u
s
e
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
p
r
o
g
r
am
to
ca
lcu
l
ate
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata,
we
ca
n
ca
lcu
late
th
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
)
f
o
r
d
ev
ices
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
(
x
)
an
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
(
y
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ec
if
ic
ti
m
e
(
h
o
u
r
s
)
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
3
.
2
.
Va
lid
a
t
i
o
n a
pp
ro
a
ch
T
o
f
in
d
a
n
ew
m
eth
o
d
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
elec
t
r
ical
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
ex
ce
ed
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
th
ef
t
p
r
o
b
lem
,
we
u
s
ed
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
am
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
(
ML
)
m
eth
o
d
s
,
n
am
ely
t
h
e
v
ali
d
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
is
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
was
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
AI
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
b
u
t
h
e
r
e
in
o
u
r
r
esear
c
h
th
e
v
alid
at
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
r
m
u
lated
ag
a
in
with
a
r
ad
ical
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
th
e
b
asics
o
f
its
wo
r
k
with
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
co
n
ten
ts
a
n
d
b
asics
o
f
its
wo
r
k
,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
w
ith
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
(
I
o
T
)
s
m
ar
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
v
er
a
W
i
-
Fi
n
etwo
r
k
to
s
av
e
th
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t’
s
d
ata
in
th
e
Go
o
g
le
Fire
b
ase
C
lo
u
d
to
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
ar
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t
o
n
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
th
e
An
ef
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
(
E
E
C
M)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
So
as
th
e
u
tili
ty
ce
n
ter
is
o
f
ten
ch
ec
k
in
g
wh
eth
er
th
e
e
f
f
icien
t
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
an
d
with
o
u
t
a
n
y
th
e
f
t
o
r
wr
o
n
g
en
er
g
y
ex
p
e
n
d
itu
r
e.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
ed
to
f
in
d
an
d
lear
n
a
n
ew
elec
t
r
ical
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
an
d
th
e
in
p
u
t
d
ata
T
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
aim
s
to
s
atis
f
y
ef
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
r
esu
lts
(
)
m
u
s
t
b
e
with
o
u
t
th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
en
e
r
g
y
ex
p
e
n
d
itu
r
e;
th
er
ef
o
r
e;
if
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
t
en
e
r
g
y
is
s
atis
f
ied
,
th
en
th
e
v
ali
d
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
f
in
is
h
ed
else
if
th
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
is
c
h
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata,
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
an
d
th
e
in
p
u
t d
ata
is
th
e
k
ey
b
ec
a
u
s
e
n
o
v
alid
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
g
o
al
with
in
v
alid
esti
m
atio
n
d
ata.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
k
n
o
wn
as
“g
e
n
er
aliza
tio
n
”
[
2
5
]
-
[
2
7
]
;
h
o
wev
er
,
it
ca
n
o
cc
asio
n
ally
lead
to
“
o
v
er
f
itti
n
g
”
[
2
8
]
-
[
3
0
]
wh
ic
h
is
ca
u
s
e
d
b
y
co
r
r
u
p
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
a
lizab
le
d
ata
(
o
u
tp
u
t
r
esu
lt
with
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e)
,
lo
wer
e
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
ca
u
s
ed
in
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
o
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
in
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
co
n
tain
e
d
s
o
m
e
p
o
in
ts
to
s
atis
f
y
a
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
ical
m
o
d
el
wh
ich
h
as
o
u
t
p
u
t
r
esu
l
ts
with
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
e
x
p
en
d
itu
r
e.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
escr
ib
es in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
o
in
ts
:
i)
Firstl
y
,
we
m
u
s
t d
iv
id
e
o
u
r
ac
t
u
al
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
o
wer
d
ata
i
n
to
g
r
o
u
p
s
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
e
as f
o
llo
ws:
a)
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
g
r
o
u
p
is
“th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
o
r
tio
n
”
wh
ich
is
ch
o
s
en
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
ac
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
o
wer
m
ea
n
s
ch
o
o
s
in
g
o
ld
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e
an
d
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
p
u
t
ac
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
o
wer
d
ata
wh
ich
m
e
an
s
d
ata
with
th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
e
n
er
g
y
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e.
b)
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
is
“th
e
v
alid
atio
n
p
o
r
tio
n
”
wh
ic
h
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as th
e
m
in
im
u
m
r
ate
o
f
t
h
e
o
f
th
e
ac
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
o
wer
as
u
s
ef
u
l
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
o
u
tp
u
t
r
esu
lt
d
ata
with
o
u
t
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
e
x
p
en
d
itu
r
e)
.
ii)
Seco
n
d
ly
,
th
e
r
atio
o
f
ac
tu
al
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
to
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
u
tp
u
t
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
b
e
at
r
atio
9
:3
b
ec
au
s
e
we
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
t
h
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
o
r
tio
n
at
(
7
5
%)
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
as
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
ML
an
d
we
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
th
e
v
a
lid
atio
n
p
o
r
tio
n
at
(
2
5
%)
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
to
m
a
k
e
th
ei
r
d
ata
s
m
ar
tly
as
u
s
ef
u
l
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
o
r
ac
t
u
al
p
o
wer
with
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
e
o
r
“th
e
u
s
ef
u
l
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
u
tp
u
t”
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
e
lo
wer
e
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
t
h
at
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
.
iii)
T
h
e
d
ata
in
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
p
o
r
tio
n
is
u
s
ed
ju
s
t
f
o
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atin
g
a
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
o
u
r
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
etr
ics:
a)
I
f
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
d
ata
h
a
v
e
o
v
er
f
it
tin
g
less
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
1
0
%
th
en
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
u
tp
u
t
is
u
s
ef
u
l f
o
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
c
o
m
p
let
e
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
b)
I
f
n
o
t
th
at
is
m
ea
n
i
n
g
t
h
er
e
i
s
o
v
er
f
itti
n
g
in
o
u
r
g
en
er
aliz
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
we
m
u
s
t
u
p
d
ate
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
a
n
d
g
o
b
ac
k
to
s
t
ep
1
.
T
h
e
two
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
th
e
f
lo
wc
h
ar
t
o
f
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Af
ter
u
p
d
atin
g
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
n
til
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
h
av
e
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
ex
p
e
n
d
itu
r
e
less
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
t
o
1
0
%
th
en
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
an
d
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
m
p
lete.
So
,
we
g
o
t
a
n
ew
u
s
e
f
o
r
A
p
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
k
W
)
wh
ich
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
all
s
ea
s
o
n
s
o
f
o
n
e
y
ea
r
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
,
an
d
we
h
a
v
e
n
ew
o
u
tp
u
t
r
esu
lts
(
E
c
(
KW
h
)
)
with
a
lim
ited
ex
ce
ed
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
e
x
p
en
d
itu
r
e
t
o
less
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
1
0
%.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
25
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
22
:
68
-
7
8
74
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Valid
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
f
lo
wch
a
r
t o
f
t
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Ou
r
s
im
u
latio
n
wo
r
k
d
o
es
u
s
e
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
p
r
o
g
r
am
t
o
r
e
p
r
esen
t
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t d
ata
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
ab
o
v
e
-
d
er
iv
e
d
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
o
f
th
e
v
alid
at
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
s
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
ac
tu
al
p
o
wer
d
em
an
d
in
o
n
e
d
ay
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tim
e
(
h
o
u
r
s
)
in
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e,
we
n
o
ted
th
e
(
)
with
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
e
is
th
e
h
ea
r
t
o
f
o
u
r
elec
tr
ical
m
o
d
el
in
b
o
t
h
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
th
is
is
esp
ec
ially
h
elp
f
u
l
i
f
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
n
ew s
ma
r
t a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
o
f a
n
efficien
t e
n
erg
y
co
n
s
u
mp
tio
n
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
b
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
Ma
h
a
Yo
u
s
if Ha
s
a
n
)
75
d
escr
ip
tio
n
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
p
o
r
tio
n
to
esti
m
ate
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
s
in
o
u
r
h
o
u
s
es
th
at
ar
e
esp
ec
ially
r
esis
tan
t
to
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
y
th
e
elec
tr
ical
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
s
atis
f
ied
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
aim
wh
ic
h
is
h
o
w
to
r
ed
u
ce
(
)
b
y
lear
n
in
g
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
it
s
u
itab
ly
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
So
,
we
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
d
ev
ices
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
(
x
)
h
a
v
e
a
m
ax
im
u
m
r
ate
o
f
th
e
(
)
/(
KW
h
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
tim
es
(
0
6
,
0
8
,
1
0
,
1
2
,
1
4
,
1
6
,
1
8
)
h
o
u
r
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
it
io
n
al
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
t
h
e
(
=
2
.
5
)
an
d
a
m
ax
im
u
m
r
ate
o
f
th
e
(
)
/(
KW
h
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
tim
es
(
0
6
,
0
8
,
1
0
,
1
2
)
h
o
u
r
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
(
=
1
.
5
)
,
also
we
n
o
te
d
th
e
d
e
v
ices
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
(
y
)
h
a
v
e
a
m
a
x
im
u
m
r
ate
o
f
th
e
(
)
/
(
KW
h
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
tim
es
(
1
2
,
1
4
,
1
6
)
h
o
u
r
s
th
e
(
=
16
)
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
(
=
4
)
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
ali
d
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
(
KW
h
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
tim
e
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
x
b
etwe
en
two
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
(
KW
h
)
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
tim
e
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
y
b
etwe
en
two
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
Als
o
,
we
n
o
ted
th
e
two
d
e
v
i
ce
s
o
f
th
e
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
x
)
an
d
(
y
)
h
av
e
a
m
a
x
im
u
m
r
ate
o
f
th
e
(
)
(
KW
h
)
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
es
(
1
2
,
1
4
,
1
6
)
h
o
u
r
s
(
=
1
.
8
)
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
(
=
1
.
4
)
th
at’
s
m
ea
n
th
e
(
)
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
in
(
0
.
4
KW
)
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
we
n
o
ted
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
ate
o
f
th
e
(
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
tim
es
(
1
2
,
1
4
,
1
6
)
h
o
u
r
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
e
(
=
0
.
33
KW
h
)
an
d
th
e
(
=
0
.
19
KW
h
)
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
(
KW
h
)
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
tim
e
(
h
o
u
r
s
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
x
an
d
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
y
b
etwe
en
two
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
th
e
to
tal
ef
f
icien
t e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
)
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
x
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
e
(
h
o
u
r
s
)
b
etwe
en
two
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
T
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
ate
o
f
th
e
(
)
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
tim
es
(
1
2
,
1
4
,
1
6
)
h
o
u
r
s
t
h
e
(
=
3
KW
h
)
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
t
h
e
(
=
1
.
8
KW
h
)
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
two
d
ev
ices
o
f
th
e
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
x
)
a
n
d
(
y
)
h
av
e
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
ate
o
f
th
e
(
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
e
s
(
1
2
,
1
4
,
1
6
)
h
o
u
r
s
th
e
=
3
.
4
KW
h
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
th
e
(
=
1
KW
h
)
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
ea
n
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
to
2
.
4
KW
h
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
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I
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d
o
n
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J
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n
g
&
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o
m
p
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1
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ar
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76
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ata
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d
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e
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f
icien
t
as sh
o
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Fig
u
r
es 9
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Fig
u
r
e
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if
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o
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tal
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
n
ew s
ma
r
t a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
o
f a
n
efficien
t e
n
erg
y
co
n
s
u
mp
tio
n
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
b
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
Ma
h
a
Yo
u
s
if Ha
s
a
n
)
77
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
elin
g
a
n
d
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ar
e
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
v
ices
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
s
x
an
d
y
,
as
th
e
two
m
o
d
els
d
if
f
er
o
n
ly
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ti
m
es
(
h
o
u
r
s
)
th
at
t
h
ey
ar
e
r
u
n
an
d
o
n
e
ca
n
n
o
t
d
o
with
o
u
t
th
e
o
th
er
,
s
o
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
e
two
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
g
e
th
er
,
t
h
is
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ted
,
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
,
wh
ich
is
a
m
o
d
er
n
an
d
s
m
ar
t m
eth
o
d
,
to
cr
ea
te
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
t e
n
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e
f
o
r
th
e
E
E
C
M
b
ased
o
n
AI
in
ML
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
it
is
o
u
tp
u
t
d
at
a
(
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
d
at
a
in
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
with
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
in
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
)
a
r
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
g
eth
er
,
we
f
o
u
n
d
s
o
m
e
i
n
ter
esti
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
c
es
b
etwe
en
th
e
(
A
p
)
an
d
(
E
E
c
)
d
ata
f
o
r
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
d
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
co
m
es
w
ith
s
o
m
e
clea
r
m
ess
ag
es
f
o
r
u
s
:
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
cl
u
d
es
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
with
g
r
ea
ter
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
a
ctu
al
p
o
wer
,
g
o
o
d
co
v
er
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
b
u
t
with
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
g
o
o
d
f
itti
n
g
with
en
er
g
y
ex
p
e
n
d
itu
r
e,
an
d
with
lar
g
e
o
v
er
f
itti
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
v
ar
i
an
ce
in
tim
e
(
h
o
u
r
s
)
at
th
e
d
ay
,
b
u
t
a
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
d
ata
th
at
is
u
s
ed
to
tr
ac
k
a
n
d
ev
alu
at
e
th
e
g
o
o
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
o
v
e
r
f
i
ttin
g
,
an
d
it
is
u
p
d
atin
g
th
e
t
r
ain
in
g
d
ata
m
o
r
e
th
an
o
n
ce
u
n
til
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
at
a
co
n
tain
s
o
v
e
r
f
itti
n
g
in
th
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
less
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
1
0
%,
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
u
s
ef
u
l
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
m
p
leted
,
i
t
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
o
v
er
f
itti
n
g
in
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
as
b
ee
n
elim
in
ated
,
an
d
it
i
s
est
im
ated
with
g
r
ea
ter
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
b
etter
f
itti
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
tim
e
(
h
o
u
r
s
)
at
t
h
e
d
ay
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e;
we
n
o
ted
th
e
(
)
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
wh
en
th
e
(
A
p
)
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
th
en
th
e
(
)
an
d
th
e
(
)
ar
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
also
wh
ich
is
lead
to
m
ak
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
ea
s
y
to
b
ec
o
m
e
ef
f
icien
t
with
know
-
h
o
w
esti
m
atio
n
a
g
o
o
d
u
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
(
)
to
s
atis
f
y
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
we
p
r
esen
t
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
h
o
w
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
esti
m
atio
n
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
ed
u
ca
te
th
e
e
lectr
ical
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
i
ts
en
er
g
y
ex
p
e
n
d
itu
r
e
p
r
o
b
lem
an
d
to
m
a
k
e
th
e
E
E
C
M
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
h
av
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
p
r
ec
is
io
n
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
with
l
o
wer
co
s
t
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
r
at
e
o
f
th
e
(
A
p
)
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
e
(
2
4
)
h
o
u
r
s
f
o
r
o
n
e
h
o
u
s
e.
I
n
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e,
we
co
u
ld
ta
k
e
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
in
t
h
e
m
an
y
h
o
u
s
es
in
th
e
city
,
c
o
u
n
tr
y
f
o
r
o
n
e,
m
an
y
m
o
n
th
s
o
r
y
ea
r
s
,
an
d
co
u
ld
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
p
u
b
lic
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
th
e
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