I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
8
0
~
1
6
9
1
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
ee
cs.v
24
.i
3
.
pp
168
0
-
169
1
1680
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
So
phistica
ted
a
nd
m
o
de
rni
z
ed
l
ibra
ry
running
sy
ste
m
w
ith
O
CR
a
lg
o
rith
m
u
sing
Io
T
D.
K
a
rt
hik
ey
a
n
1
,
Aru
m
b
u
V
.
P
.
2
,
K
.
Su
re
nd
hira
ba
bu
3
,
K
.
Selv
a
k
u
m
a
r
4
,
P.
Div
y
a
5
,
P.
Su
ha
s
ini
6
,
R.
P
a
la
nis
a
m
y
7
1,
2,
3,
4
,
7
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
E
EE
,
S
R
M
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
T
a
m
il
Na
d
u
,
In
d
ia
5
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s,
S
RM
In
stit
u
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
T
a
m
il
Na
d
u
,
In
d
ia
6
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
CS
E,
S
RM
In
sti
tu
te o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
T
a
m
il
Na
d
u
,
I
n
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l
6
,
2021
R
ev
i
s
ed
Oct
15
,
2
0
2
1
A
cc
ep
ted
Oct
20
,
2
0
2
1
A
n
i
n
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
(I
o
T
)
is
a
n
e
x
c
lu
siv
e
m
e
th
o
d
,
w
e
re
it
s
im
p
a
c
t
o
n
th
e
e
n
a
c
t
m
e
n
ts
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
li
f
e
is
v
e
r
y
tren
d
y
.
T
h
is
re
se
a
r
c
h
o
n
li
b
ra
ry
c
o
n
tro
l
s
y
ste
m
o
p
e
ra
tes
o
n
th
e
b
a
sis
o
f
I
o
T
a
n
d
o
p
t
ica
l
c
h
a
ra
c
ter
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
(OCR)
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
ru
les
a
n
d
it
s
train
i
n
g
.
A
c
lo
se
d
-
c
ircu
it
tele
v
isio
n
(CCT
V
)
w
a
tch
e
d
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
is
c
re
a
ted
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
issu
i
n
g
a
n
d
re
tu
rn
i
n
g
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
v
ia
t
a
g
stu
d
y
in
g
s
y
st
e
m
in
th
e
li
b
ra
ry
.
In
th
is
p
ro
p
o
se
d
w
o
rk
tex
t
f
il
e
is
c
o
n
v
e
rted
in
t
o
a
n
a
u
d
i
o
f
il
e
.
T
h
is
a
u
d
i
o
f
il
e
is
b
e
in
g
p
lay
e
d
a
n
d
th
e
c
o
n
ten
ts
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
k
c
a
n
b
e
h
e
a
rd
v
ia
th
e
h
e
a
d
se
t.
T
h
is
u
n
i
q
u
e
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
OCR
h
e
lp
s
b
li
n
d
p
e
o
p
le.
No
w
a
d
a
y
s
OCR
w
id
e
l
y
f
o
c
u
se
d
in
m
a
c
h
in
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
su
c
h
a
s
m
a
c
h
in
e
tran
sf
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
,
tex
t
to
s
p
e
e
c
h
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tex
t
d
a
ta
m
in
in
g
.
It
u
ti
l
ize
d
i
n
v
a
rio
u
s
a
re
a
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
in
a
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
v
isio
n
a
n
d
p
a
tt
e
r
n
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
.
Us
in
g
OCR
to
sc
a
n
th
e
d
a
m
a
g
e
d
b
o
o
k
in
th
e
li
b
ra
ry
c
o
n
v
e
rted
in
to
p
d
f
f
o
rm
a
t
th
e
b
o
o
k
g
e
ts
n
e
w
li
fe
a
n
d
sh
a
rin
g
th
e
c
o
n
ten
ts
to
m
u
lt
ip
le
r
e
a
d
e
rs.
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
a
im
s
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
Io
T
b
a
se
d
li
b
ra
ry
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
ste
m
to
m
a
in
tain
in
g
b
o
o
k
s in
d
ig
it
a
l
f
o
rm
a
t.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
r
ti
f
icial
i
n
tel
lig
e
n
ce
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
Op
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
T
ag
r
ea
d
er
T
ex
t to
s
p
ee
ch
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
D.
Kar
th
ik
e
y
a
n
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
i
cal
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
SR
M
I
n
s
tit
u
te
o
f
Sc
ien
ce
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Ka
ttan
k
u
lath
u
r
,
T
am
i
l N
ad
u
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
k
ar
th
ip
n
cl
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
r
a
d
itio
n
all
y
lib
r
ar
y
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
b
y
m
an
u
all
y
i
s
s
u
in
g
b
o
o
k
s
to
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
,
m
ain
tai
n
i
n
g
th
e
b
o
o
k
s
is
a
ti
m
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
ef
f
ec
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
ti
m
e
s
a
v
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
ass
et
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
li
b
r
ar
y
u
s
in
g
ac
ti
v
e
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
id
en
ti
f
ica
tio
n
(
R
FID
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
R
FID
d
eliv
er
s
th
e
b
est
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
o
lu
t
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
ass
ets.
I
n
ex
is
t
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
t
h
e
lib
r
ar
y
m
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
m
an
u
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
an
d
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
e
r
e
en
te
r
in
g
i
n
to
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
s
p
e
n
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
ti
m
e
to
s
ea
r
ch
b
o
o
k
s
in
e
v
er
y
s
in
g
le
r
ac
k
an
d
f
in
al
l
y
g
et
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
m
o
r
e
in
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e,
a
n
d
th
e
y
s
p
e
n
t
m
o
r
e
ti
m
e
f
o
r
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
b
o
o
k
s
.
So
m
eti
m
es
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
u
n
a
w
ar
e
w
h
e
th
er
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
s
ar
e
ex
is
tin
g
o
r
n
o
t.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
is
is
s
u
e
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
t
e
m
to
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
au
to
m
at
ic
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
I
n
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
e
v
er
y
b
o
o
k
is
in
s
er
ted
w
it
h
R
FID
ta
g
an
d
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
s
[
1
]
-
[
6
]
.
Ma
n
u
all
y
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
lib
r
ar
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
h
u
m
an
er
r
o
r
an
d
s
lo
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
it
d
if
f
icu
l
t
to
s
to
r
e
m
a
s
s
i
v
e
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata
o
r
r
ec
o
r
d
s
ef
f
ic
ien
t
l
y
,
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
s
ta
f
f
s
p
e
n
d
s
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
f
ti
m
e
o
n
m
ec
h
an
ica
l,
cler
ical
task
s
r
ath
e
r
th
an
liai
s
i
n
g
w
it
h
lib
r
ar
y
v
i
s
ito
r
s
.
I
s
s
u
i
n
g
a
b
o
o
k
is
a
s
lo
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
also
b
o
o
k
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
th
e
f
t
p
r
o
n
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
o
p
h
is
tica
ted
a
n
d
mo
d
ern
iz
ed
lib
r
a
r
y
r
u
n
n
in
g
s
ystem
w
ith
OC
R
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
in
g
I
o
T
(
D.
K
a
r
th
ikey
a
n
)
1681
C
o
m
b
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
R
FID
w
i
th
te
x
t
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
to
o
f
f
er
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
eth
o
d
s
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
t
h
e
lib
r
ar
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
co
u
ld
b
e
h
elp
f
u
l to
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
t
h
e
s
e
ch
alle
n
g
es.
Op
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
r
ec
o
g
n
it
io
n
(
OC
R
)
is
a
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
ca
n
n
ed
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
s
o
r
p
r
in
ted
tex
ts
,
h
a
n
d
w
r
itte
n
d
ata
in
to
co
m
p
u
ter
r
ec
o
g
n
izab
le
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
en
co
d
in
g
(
UNI
C
ODE
)
f
o
r
m
a
t
o
r
m
ac
h
i
n
e
-
r
ea
d
ab
le
tex
t
o
v
er
an
o
p
tical
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
I
t
ca
p
tu
r
es
t
h
e
tex
t
an
d
r
ea
d
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
a
h
u
m
a
n
e
y
e.
I
t
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
i
n
d
ata
en
tr
y
f
o
r
d
ig
i
tizi
n
g
t
h
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
l
ik
e
p
as
s
p
o
r
t,
b
ills
,
b
an
k
r
ep
o
r
ts
,
m
a
il,
s
tati
c
d
ata,
an
d
p
r
in
ted
d
ata.
B
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
i
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
t
h
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
ar
e
d
i
g
itall
y
m
o
d
if
ied
,
s
to
r
ed
co
m
p
ac
tl
y
,
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
q
u
ic
k
a
n
d
f
ast.
O
C
R
is
u
s
ed
in
m
ac
h
in
e
tr
a
n
s
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
s
u
c
h
as
tex
t
-
to
-
s
p
ee
c
h
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
k
e
y
d
ata,
tex
t
m
i
n
in
g
an
d
co
g
n
it
iv
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
d
ay
s
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
ac
ad
em
ics
f
o
cu
s
th
eir
r
esear
ch
in
ar
ti
f
icial
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
ce
,
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
ter
v
is
io
n
.
2.
E
XI
ST
I
N
G
SYS
T
E
M
I
n
t
h
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
b
ar
co
d
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
o
r
R
FID
is
u
s
e
d
.
E
ac
h
b
o
o
k
in
a
lib
r
ar
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
w
it
h
b
ar
c
o
d
e.
Usi
n
g
b
ar
co
d
e
r
ea
d
er
,
th
e
lib
r
ar
ian
r
ea
d
th
e
b
ar
c
o
d
e.
B
u
t
th
e
r
ea
l
tim
e
p
r
o
b
lem
w
it
h
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
o
n
ce
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
ag
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
t
h
e
s
ca
n
n
i
n
g
d
ef
ec
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
ar
co
d
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e
b
i
g
g
e
s
t
ch
alle
n
g
e.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
h
a
s
b
ee
n
clea
r
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
n
e
w
s
ca
n
n
i
n
g
c
o
n
ce
p
t,
ad
d
ed
w
it
h
th
is
m
a
n
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
t
h
e
n
e
w
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Hu
m
an
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
is
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
f
o
r
b
o
o
k
is
s
u
i
n
g
,
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
th
e
r
et
u
r
n
b
o
o
k
s
r
ec
o
r
d
s
an
d
u
p
d
ate
in
lib
r
ar
y
d
atab
ase.
At
t
h
e
ti
m
e
o
f
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
th
e
b
ar
co
d
e
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
an
d
th
e
co
d
e
is
co
m
p
u
ted
o
n
l
y
o
n
ce
a
n
d
th
e
R
FID
m
o
d
u
le
u
s
ed
i
s
n
o
t
i
n
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
b
ased
s
o
u
ltim
atel
y
t
h
e
t
r
a
ck
in
g
o
f
a
b
o
o
k
is
im
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
as
in
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
d
i
s
a
d
v
an
t
ag
e
s
c
o
u
n
t
e
r
e
d
b
y
th
e
ex
is
t
in
g
s
y
s
t
em
c
o
m
p
r
is
e
o
f
m
ax
im
u
m
m
an
u
a
l
o
p
e
r
at
i
o
n
,
t
im
e
d
e
lay
,
c
h
a
n
c
e
o
f
m
a
t
e
r
ia
l
m
i
s
m
an
ag
em
en
t
,
l
e
s
s
ef
f
i
ci
en
cy
[
7
]
-
[
1
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
x
is
ti
n
g
to
p
o
lo
g
y
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
b
asi
ca
ll
y
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
s
ed
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
ta
in
i
n
g
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
I
o
T
in
it.
I
o
T
cr
e
ates a
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
th
e
b
o
o
k
s
b
y
telli
n
g
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
b
o
o
k
is
p
r
esen
t
in
t
h
e
lib
r
ar
y
o
r
is
it
is
s
u
ed
b
y
a
ce
r
tai
n
p
er
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
au
to
m
at
ic
r
eg
io
n
o
f
i
n
ter
est
(
R
o
I
)
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
tex
t
lo
ca
lizatio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
e
n
s
u
r
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
OC
R
o
r
o
p
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
r
ea
d
er
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
te
x
t
p
r
esen
t
o
n
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
p
ag
es
b
y
r
e
co
g
n
izi
n
g
th
e
w
o
r
d
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
w
r
i
tten
in
E
n
g
li
s
h
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
an
OC
R
is
to
l
o
ca
lize
th
e
w
r
itte
n
E
n
g
l
is
h
tex
t
co
n
tai
n
s
in
t
h
e
im
ag
e.
OC
R
f
ac
i
litates
t
h
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
c
o
m
p
le
x
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
te
x
t
i
s
p
r
esen
t.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
o
f
an
OC
R
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
i
n
t
w
o
s
tep
p
r
o
ce
s
s
lo
ca
lizatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
r
itte
n
E
n
g
lis
h
te
x
t
p
r
esen
t
i
n
t
h
e
ce
r
tai
n
i
m
a
g
e.
C
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
p
r
esen
t i
n
t
h
e
te
x
t a
n
d
d
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
it o
n
th
e
lap
to
p
s
cr
ee
n
.
As
E
n
g
l
is
h
i
s
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
u
s
ed
i
n
g
en
er
all
y
m
o
s
t o
f
th
e
b
o
o
k
s
s
o
th
e
OC
R
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
an
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
co
m
p
letel
y
r
esid
es
o
n
alp
h
an
u
m
e
r
ic
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
A
-
Z
alp
h
ab
ets,
n
u
m
er
ical
v
al
u
es
f
r
o
m
0
-
9
.
3
.
1
.
O
CR
I
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
o
p
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
tl
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
eliv
er
s
tex
t
u
al
d
ata
o
r
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
i
n
to
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
s
b
u
t
it
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
w
i
t
h
o
n
l
y
l
i
m
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
o
n
t
t
y
p
e
an
d
p
a
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
6
8
0
-
1
6
9
1
1682
f
o
r
m
at
s
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ca
n
al
s
o
m
a
k
e
u
s
e
o
f
ar
tif
icial
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
ce
to
u
s
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
in
telli
g
e
n
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
r
ec
o
g
n
iti
o
n
(
I
C
R
)
,
lik
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
id
en
ti
f
y
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
r
s
t
y
le
o
f
h
an
d
w
r
iti
n
g
.
OC
R
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
v
ar
y
i
n
t
h
eir
tech
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
an
al
y
ze
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
,
o
n
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
,
w
o
r
d
,
o
r
b
lo
ck
o
f
tex
t
at
a
ti
m
e
to
id
en
t
if
y
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
u
s
in
g
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
t
w
o
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
i)
P
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
ii)
Feat
u
r
e
d
etec
tio
n
.
OC
R
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
te
x
t
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
o
n
t
s
an
d
f
o
r
m
at
s
it
ca
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
r
p
atter
n
o
f
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
,
ea
s
il
y
id
en
t
if
y
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t
i
m
ag
e.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
d
e
-
s
k
e
w
i
n
g
an
d
d
e
-
n
o
i
s
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
to
ea
s
il
y
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
i
m
ag
e,
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
lo
t
o
f
n
o
is
e
it
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
q
u
alit
y
.
Var
io
u
s
s
ta
g
e
s
in
clu
d
e
in
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
o
f
an
O
C
R
ar
e,
i)
I
m
ag
e
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
ii)
T
ex
t r
ec
o
g
n
i
tio
n
,
iii)
C
h
ar
ac
ter
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
an
d
iv
)
I
m
a
g
e
p
o
s
t
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
[
1
2
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
i)
I
m
ag
e
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
:
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
B
in
ar
iza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
tak
e
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
i
m
a
g
e
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
to
g
r
a
y
-
s
ca
le
i
m
a
g
e
n
e
x
t it
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
b
i
n
ar
y
i
m
a
g
e.
L
ater
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
p
er
f
ec
tl
y
al
ig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
De
-
s
k
e
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
ii)
T
ex
t
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
:
T
o
ex
tr
ac
t
ea
ch
ch
ar
ac
ter
th
en
u
s
in
g
Ma
tr
ix
m
atc
h
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
co
m
p
a
r
in
g
i
m
ag
e
w
it
h
ea
ch
p
ix
el
t
h
en
p
er
f
o
r
m
"
p
atte
r
n
m
atc
h
i
n
g
"
,
"
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
"
,
o
r
"
im
ag
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
"
.
iii)
C
h
ar
ac
ter
s
e
g
m
en
ta
tio
n
:
C
o
m
p
ar
e
th
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
ch
ar
ac
ter
w
i
th
th
e
m
atc
h
ed
te
m
p
late.
iv
)
I
m
ag
e
p
o
s
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
:
T
h
e
m
is
m
a
tch
ed
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
f
r
o
m
f
in
al
s
tep
’
s
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
tex
t
ar
e
c
h
ec
k
ed
w
ith
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
te
m
p
lates.
F
in
al
l
y
,
i
t tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
in
to
tex
t f
o
r
m
at.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
s
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
o
p
h
is
tica
ted
a
n
d
mo
d
ern
iz
ed
lib
r
a
r
y
r
u
n
n
in
g
s
ystem
w
ith
OC
R
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
in
g
I
o
T
(
D.
K
a
r
th
ikey
a
n
)
1683
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Op
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
3
.
2
.
B
enef
it
s
o
f
t
r
a
ns
f
o
r
m
in
g
ph
y
s
ica
l da
t
a
into
dig
it
a
l f
o
r
m
a
t
1)
Hig
h
s
ec
u
r
it
y
:
Kee
p
in
g
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ata
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
it
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
tr
ac
k
ed
,
ac
ce
s
s
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
p
ass
w
o
r
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
to
r
estrict
th
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
s
.
2)
Sp
ac
e
li
m
i
t
:
I
t
h
ar
d
to
m
ai
n
t
ain
i
n
g
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
s
it
o
cc
u
p
ie
s
m
o
r
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
p
ac
e.
Dig
ital
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
ar
e
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
f
o
r
p
ap
er
it c
an
h
elp
to
s
av
e
m
o
r
e
s
p
ac
e.
3)
Data
r
ec
o
v
er
y
:
I
t
p
r
ev
e
n
t
s
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
u
n
e
x
p
ec
ted
m
an
u
al
m
i
s
ta
k
e
o
r
n
at
u
r
al
c
atastro
p
h
e,
th
e
h
az
ar
d
o
f
lo
s
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
is
b
etter
to
k
ee
p
i
n
d
ig
it
izin
g
th
e
m
.
4)
Si
m
p
li
f
y
ac
ce
s
s
:
C
o
m
p
ar
e
to
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ata
t
h
e
d
i
g
itizi
n
g
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
ac
ce
s
s
,
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
av
e
s
a
lo
t o
f
ti
m
e.
5)
C
o
s
t
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
:
Di
g
ital
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
w
il
l
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
s
t
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ata
w
h
ich
co
n
s
u
m
es
m
as
s
i
v
e
co
s
t o
f
p
ap
er
,
p
r
in
ter
,
an
d
in
k
.
6)
E
co
f
r
ien
d
l
y
:
D
ig
i
talizi
n
g
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
s
s
a
v
es a
lo
t o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
lik
e
p
ap
er
,
in
k
(
c
h
e
m
icals).
7)
Data
s
h
ar
i
n
g
:
Data
s
h
ar
in
g
is
ea
s
y
a
n
d
q
u
ick
l
y
i
n
d
ig
it
ized
f
o
r
m
at
b
u
t n
o
t e
as
y
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ata.
3
.
3
.
P
o
w
er
circ
uit
s
up
ply
1)
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
m
e
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
m
o
s
tl
y
u
s
ed
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
u
s
ed
in
e
lectr
ical
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
.
A
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
tr
an
s
f
er
s
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
elec
tr
ical
c
ir
cu
it
to
an
o
th
er
.
I
ts
w
o
r
k
is
to
m
an
ip
u
late
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
i
n
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
to
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
le
v
els.
T
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
u
s
ed
h
er
e
is
a
s
tep
-
d
o
w
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
h
ich
co
n
v
er
ts
a
n
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
2
3
0
V
to
1
2
V.
th
is
1
2
V
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
f
o
r
w
ar
d
to
o
th
er
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
cir
c
u
it s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
2)
R
ec
ti
f
ier
T
h
e
r
ec
tif
ier
u
s
ed
h
er
e
i
s
a
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tifie
r
.
I
ts
w
o
r
k
is
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
d
c
le
v
el
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
s
ig
n
al
b
y
1
0
0
f
o
ld
s
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
s
et
s
d
io
d
es
ea
ch
s
et
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
o
f
2
d
io
d
es.
I
n
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
c
y
cle
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
d
io
d
es
D
2
an
d
D3
ar
e
in
ON
s
tate
an
d
th
e
d
io
d
e
s
et
D2
an
d
D4
ar
e
in
OFF
s
tate
at
a
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
T
=0
t
o
T
/2
.
A
n
d
s
i
m
ilar
l
y
,
in
t
h
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
c
y
cle
th
e
d
io
d
es
D1
an
d
D4
ar
e
in
th
e
ON
s
ta
te
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
co
n
s
tan
t p
o
lar
it
y
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
2
]
.
3)
Fil
ter
Fil
ter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
h
er
e
to
s
u
p
p
r
ess
th
e
r
ip
p
le
d
en
s
i
t
y
.
A
c
ap
ac
itiv
e
f
ilter
is
u
s
ed
h
er
e
w
h
er
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
e
x
ac
tl
y
at
t
h
e
ter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
tif
ier
b
r
id
g
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ia
w
h
ich
a
d
c
o
u
tp
u
t
is
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
b
tain
ed
af
ter
f
ilter
in
g
h
as a
r
ip
p
le
d
en
s
it
y
ten
d
i
n
g
to
w
ar
d
s
0
.
4)
R
eg
u
lato
r
s
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
f
il
ter
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
f
i
lter
in
g
an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
h
en
ce
a
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
a
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
is
to
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
1
2
V
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
a
5
V
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
k
ee
p
it c
o
n
s
ta
n
t ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
e
ch
a
n
g
es i
n
t
h
e
lo
ad
an
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
P
o
w
er
cir
cu
it
s
u
p
p
l
y
4.
H
ARDWA
R
E
DE
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
is
th
e
ce
n
tr
a
lis
ed
m
ai
n
w
o
r
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
th
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
t
h
a
s
a
4
-
w
a
y
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
s
er
ial
b
u
s
(
USH
)
h
u
b
w
h
ic
h
h
elp
s
t
h
e
p
i
to
b
o
o
s
t
u
p
a
n
d
d
is
p
la
y
t
h
e
m
es
s
a
g
es
o
n
t
h
e
s
cr
ee
n
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
b
r
o
ad
co
m
B
C
M2
8
3
7
6
4
b
it
A
R
M
v
7
q
u
ad
co
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
p
o
w
er
ed
s
i
n
g
le
b
o
ar
d
co
m
p
u
ter
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
at
1
.
2
GHz
,
1
GB
R
A
M
a
n
d
a
40
-
p
in
ex
ten
d
ed
g
en
er
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
in
p
u
t/o
u
tp
u
t
(
GP
I
O
)
.
A
1
2
5
KHz
o
p
er
atin
g
E
M
-
1
8
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
is
a
less
co
s
t id
ea
f
o
r
o
u
r
R
FI
D
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
,
t
h
is
r
ea
d
er
m
o
d
u
le
ad
d
ed
u
p
w
it
h
a
n
o
n
-
ch
ip
a
n
ten
n
a
a
n
d
it
ca
n
b
e
p
o
w
er
ed
u
p
w
ith
a
5
V
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
Af
ter
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
6
8
0
-
1
6
9
1
1684
m
o
d
u
le
h
as
b
ee
n
p
o
w
er
ed
-
u
p
it
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
in
a
n
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
p
in
o
f
o
u
r
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
w
eb
ca
m
co
m
es
f
itted
w
it
h
an
au
t
o
f
o
cu
s
w
id
e
-
an
g
le
le
n
s
th
a
t
h
as
s
m
al
ler
f
o
ca
l
len
g
th
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
m
o
r
e
o
f
y
o
u
r
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
w
eb
ca
m
is
u
s
ed
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
tex
t
p
r
esen
t
o
n
th
e
b
o
o
k
w
h
ic
h
is
later
co
m
p
iled
b
y
th
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
an
au
d
io
o
u
tp
u
t.
Fig
u
r
es
7
an
d
8
,
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
a
n
d
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
h
ic
h
h
as
b
ee
n
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
co
llectin
g
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
s
en
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
to
R
FID
,
i
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
to
a
n
o
b
j
ec
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
h
elp
o
f
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
o
u
n
d
w
a
v
es.
An
d
it
u
s
es
a
tr
a
n
s
d
u
ce
r
,
to
s
en
d
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
e
u
l
tr
aso
n
ic
p
u
l
s
es
t
h
at
r
ela
y
b
ac
k
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
ab
o
u
t a
n
o
b
j
ec
t’
s
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
m
o
d
u
le
s
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
a
m
er
a/
w
eb
ca
m
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ultr
aso
n
ic
s
e
n
s
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
P
r
o
x
im
it
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
5.
CIRCU
I
T
O
P
E
RAT
I
O
NS
As
t
h
e
n
a
m
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(
Io
T
)
,
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
ed
b
y
u
s
o
p
er
ates
o
n
it
s
id
eo
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
tw
o
h
a
lv
es.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
h
al
f
in
d
u
l
g
es
o
f
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
a
r
ts
w
h
ic
h
co
m
p
r
is
e
o
f
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
,
R
FID
m
o
d
u
le,
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
cir
cu
it,
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
h
ea
d
p
h
o
n
e
s
,
ca
m
er
a,
elec
tr
ical
tag
s
,
an
d
th
e
s
p
litt
er
cir
cu
it.
W
h
er
ea
s
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ar
t
m
o
s
tl
y
r
es
id
es
i
n
t
h
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
o
p
er
ate
o
n
R
a
s
p
b
ian
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
.
T
h
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
I
o
T
in
cu
lcate
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
W
i
-
Fi
w
h
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
in
ter
n
et,
th
e
w
eb
ca
m
/ca
m
er
a
an
d
th
e
h
ea
d
s
ets
o
r
h
ea
d
p
h
o
n
es.
I
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
cir
cu
it,
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
n
v
er
ts
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
ate
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
f
2
3
0
V
in
to
1
2
V
AC
.
T
h
is
ac
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
t
h
en
c
o
n
v
er
ted
to
a
d
c
le
v
el
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
ec
ti
f
ier
a
n
d
f
u
r
th
er
th
i
s
s
u
p
p
ly
p
a
s
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilter
w
h
ich
is
b
asicall
y
a
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
f
ilter
w
h
ich
b
asica
ll
y
r
e
m
o
v
e
th
e
r
iles
an
d
th
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
s
tead
y
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
5
V.
T
h
is
5
V
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
f
o
r
w
ar
d
to
th
e
s
p
li
tter
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
s
p
litt
er
cir
cu
it
s
p
lits
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
ly
to
th
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
,
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
,
an
d
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
h
as
s
lo
t
co
n
n
ec
to
r
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
s
er
ial
b
u
s
(
U
SB
0
,
USB
1
,
USB
2
an
d
USB
3
)
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
m
p
ilatio
n
o
f
th
e
R
a
s
p
b
er
r
y
P
i
is
s
to
r
ed
in
a
m
icr
o
-
SD
ca
r
d
w
h
ic
h
o
cc
u
p
ies
a
s
p
ac
e
o
f
1
4
GB
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
-
S
D
ca
r
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
USB
0
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
,
an
d
th
e
US
B
1
p
o
r
t
is
o
cc
u
p
ied
b
y
t
h
e
k
e
y
b
o
ar
d
(
if
a
n
as
s
e
m
b
led
co
m
p
u
ter
is
u
s
ed
i
n
s
tead
o
f
a
lap
to
p
)
.
T
h
e
USB
2
p
o
r
t
is
b
ein
g
o
cc
u
p
ied
b
y
t
h
e
ca
m
er
a/
w
eb
ca
m
.
T
h
e
R
a
s
p
b
er
r
y
P
i
h
as
t
w
o
s
ep
ar
ate
p
o
r
ts
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
h
ea
d
p
h
o
n
es
an
d
h
i
g
h
-
d
e
f
i
n
itio
n
m
u
l
t
i
m
ed
ia
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
(
HDM
I
)
to
v
id
eo
g
r
ap
h
ics
ar
r
ay
(
VG
A
)
co
n
v
er
ter
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
W
e
ar
e
u
s
in
g
th
r
ee
b
o
o
k
s
f
o
r
th
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
is
lib
r
a
r
y
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
E
ac
h
b
o
o
k
is
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
an
elec
tr
ical
tag
.
T
h
ese
tag
s
ar
e
s
ca
n
n
ed
b
y
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
in
p
u
t/
o
u
tp
u
t
(
GP
I
O)
o
f
t
h
e
R
a
s
p
b
er
r
y
P
i
i
s
as
s
o
ciate
w
i
th
th
e
p
in
n
u
m
b
er
s
1
1
a
n
d
1
3
,
1
1
b
ein
g
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
i
n
an
d
1
3
b
ein
g
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
p
i
n
.
W
h
en
th
e
ta
g
s
ar
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
b
y
t
h
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
d
ata
i
s
s
e
n
t
t
o
th
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
an
d
is
s
h
o
w
n
o
n
t
h
e
s
cr
ee
n
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
R
a
s
p
b
er
r
y
P
i
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
la
p
to
p
/co
m
p
u
ter
.
T
h
e
tag
s
ar
e
d
ig
n
i
f
ied
in
t
h
e
n
a
m
e
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
R
asp
b
ian
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
n
a
m
el
y
i,
j
an
d
k
r
ep
r
esen
ti
n
g
tag
1
,
tag
2
an
d
ta
g
3
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
A
s
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
b
o
o
k
is
r
ec
o
g
n
iz
ed
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
m
p
iles
t
h
e
d
ata
an
d
cr
ea
tes
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
o
p
h
is
tica
ted
a
n
d
mo
d
ern
iz
ed
lib
r
a
r
y
r
u
n
n
in
g
s
ystem
w
ith
OC
R
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
in
g
I
o
T
(
D.
K
a
r
th
ikey
a
n
)
1685
‘
te
x
t.tx
t’
f
i
le
r
ep
r
esen
ti
n
g
b
o
o
k
1
o
f
t
h
e
lib
r
ar
y
.
I
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
1
is
b
ein
g
i
s
s
u
ed
f
o
r
m
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
th
e
s
tat
u
s
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
1
is
g
iv
en
as
“
b
o
o
k
tak
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
”
at
th
e
w
eb
p
ag
e
th
is
o
b
lig
es
a
ce
r
tain
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
‘
te
x
t.tx
t’
f
ile
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
a
p
d
f
f
ile
an
d
th
en
it
is
f
u
r
th
e
r
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
th
e
w
eb
p
ag
e,
a
n
d
if
th
e
b
o
o
k
1
is
g
iv
e
n
b
ac
k
at
t
h
e
lib
r
ar
y
t
h
en
t
h
e
w
eb
p
ag
e
s
tat
u
s
c
h
an
g
e
s
to
“
b
o
o
k
is
r
etu
r
n
ed
to
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
”
[
2
6
]
-
[
29]
.
6.
T
E
SS
E
RAC
T
O
CR
T
ess
er
ac
t
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
est
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
OC
R
e
n
g
in
e
s
,
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
ati
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
c
h
as
L
i
n
u
x
,
W
in
d
o
w
s
,
a
n
d
Ma
c
OS.
T
h
e
n
e
w
est
v
er
s
io
n
(
v
4
)
o
f
OC
R
e
n
g
in
e
u
s
e
s
i
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
A
I
f
o
r
T
ex
t d
ata
m
in
i
n
g
an
d
te
x
t r
ec
o
g
n
i
tio
n
.
I
t
w
o
r
k
ed
b
ased
o
n
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
lo
g
ic
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
ap
p
lied
in
lo
n
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
L
ST
M
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
in
T
e
s
s
er
ac
t.
I
t
p
r
esen
tl
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
tex
t
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
m
a
n
y
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
ts
o
f
m
o
r
e
th
an
1
0
0
lan
g
u
a
g
es
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
First,
w
e
n
ee
d
to
in
s
tal
l
th
e
T
ess
er
ac
t
lib
r
ar
y
th
en
o
n
l
y
w
e
u
s
e
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
.
T
ess
er
ac
t
h
av
e
p
r
e
-
co
m
p
i
led
lib
r
ar
ies
f
o
r
w
in
d
o
w
s
s
o
it
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e
a
n
d
it
i
s
a
co
m
m
a
n
d
lin
e
to
o
l to
ex
ec
u
te
o
u
r
co
m
m
a
n
d
s
.
P
y
tes
s
er
ac
t
is
a
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t
to
o
l f
o
r
p
y
t
h
o
n
i
t
w
il
l r
ec
o
g
n
ize
a
n
d
“
r
ea
d
”
th
e
tex
t
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
in
im
ag
e
s
,
it
is
a
w
r
ap
p
er
class
f
o
r
T
ess
er
ac
t
-
O
C
R
e
n
g
i
n
e.
I
t
ex
tr
ac
ts
th
e
te
x
t
f
r
o
m
i
m
a
g
e
th
e
n
it s
to
r
ed
in
a
s
ep
ar
ate
tex
t
f
ile
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
[
3
2
]
-
[
3
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
OC
R
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
to
b
u
ild
A
P
I
w
i
th
T
ess
er
ac
t
An
i
m
a
g
e
is
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
w
it
h
t
ex
t
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
as
in
p
u
t
to
t
h
e
T
ess
er
ac
t
co
m
m
a
n
d
.
T
ess
er
ac
t
ex
ec
u
te
s
t
h
e
co
m
m
a
n
d
it
tak
e
s
t
w
o
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
.
First
p
ar
a
m
eter
i
s
ac
t
u
al
f
ile
n
a
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
it
co
m
p
r
is
es
te
x
tu
a
l
d
ata
an
d
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
p
ar
am
e
ter
is
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
tex
t
f
ile
it
s
to
r
ed
th
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
tex
t
d
ata.
T
h
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ile
is
.
tx
t
it
a
u
to
m
atica
ll
y
tak
e
n
f
r
o
m
T
ess
er
ac
t,
s
o
th
e
u
s
er
n
o
n
ee
d
to
m
en
t
io
n
t
h
e
f
i
le
ex
te
n
s
io
n
.
tx
t
f
ile
i
s
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ile
n
a
m
e
a
s
a
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
am
eter
i
n
to
t
h
e
T
ess
er
ac
t.
On
ce
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
is
co
m
p
l
eted
,
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
t
o
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ile
.
t
x
t
f
ile.
I
f
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
i
m
a
g
e
i
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
lo
r
im
a
g
e
ei
th
er
g
r
a
y
s
ca
le
i
m
ag
e,
T
ess
er
ac
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
1
0
0
%
ac
cu
r
ac
y
f
o
r
g
r
a
y
s
ca
le
i
m
ag
e.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
co
n
v
o
lu
ted
i
m
a
g
es
T
ess
er
ac
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
es a
n
d
f
i
n
all
y
d
eliv
er
s
b
etter
ac
cu
r
ac
y
r
es
u
lts
.
C
o
n
v
er
t P
DF f
ile
i
n
to
tex
t
f
ile.
Step
s
to
b
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
f
o
r
p
d
f
to
tex
t f
ile
:
a)
I
m
p
o
r
t th
e
P
DF2
i
m
a
g
e
an
d
p
y
tess
er
ac
t
m
o
d
u
les.
b)
Op
en
th
e
P
DF f
ile.
c)
P
d
f
Fil
eRead
er
(
)
to
r
ea
d
th
e
PDF an
d
g
i
v
e
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t p
ath
o
f
th
e
P
DF a
s
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
d)
Sav
e(
)
m
et
h
o
d
is
u
s
ed
to
s
av
i
n
g
th
e
co
n
ten
t
w
i
th
e
x
te
n
s
io
n
.
e)
E
x
tr
ac
t th
e
te
x
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
u
s
i
n
g
i
m
a
g
e_
co
u
n
ter
v
ar
iab
l
e
.
f)
Set th
e
li
m
it o
f
o
u
tp
u
t f
ile.
g)
Usi
n
g
p
y
te
s
s
er
ac
t
.
i
m
a
g
e_
to
_
s
tr
in
g
(
)
to
ex
tr
ac
t t
h
e
f
ile
co
n
ten
t.
h)
Usi
n
g
r
ep
lace
(
)
m
eth
o
d
s
to
co
n
v
er
t p
d
f
f
ile
i
n
to
tex
t
f
ile.
C
o
d
in
g
# Import libraries
from PIL import Image
import pytesseract
import sys
from pdf2image import convert_path
import os
input_file
= "sample.pdf"
page = convert_path(input_file, 600)
image_cntr = 1
file_name = "page_"+str(image_cntr)+".jpg"
page.save(file_name, 'JPEG')
image_cntr = image_cntr + 1
file_limit = image_cntr
-
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
6
8
0
-
1
6
9
1
1686
out_file = "output_text.txt"
f = open(out_file, "i")
for a in
range(1, file_limit + 1):
file_name = "page_"+str(a)+".jpg"
text_file = str(((pytesseract.image_to_string(Image.open(file_name)))))
text_file= text_file.replace('
-
\
n', '')
f.write(text_file)
f.close()
6
.
1
.
Co
nv
er
t
P
DF
f
ile
into
a
ud
io
f
ile
us
i
ng
py
t
ho
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
r
ep
r
esen
ts
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
a
tex
t
u
al
P
DF
f
ile
in
to
au
d
io
f
ile
it
n
ee
d
s
to
in
clu
d
e
th
es
e
p
ac
k
ag
es
p
y
t
ts
x
3
,
P
y
P
DF2
.
p
y
tts
t
x
3
is
a
P
y
th
o
n
lib
r
ar
y
f
o
r
T
ex
t
to
S
p
ee
ch
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
an
y
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
an
d
it
h
elp
s
to
m
ac
h
in
e
co
m
m
u
n
icate
w
it
h
u
s
.
P
y
P
DF2
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
t
to
t
h
e
te
x
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
DF.
I
t c
o
n
tai
n
s
in
p
y
th
o
n
lib
r
ar
y
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
P
DF
to
o
lk
it
i
s
to
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t,
d
iv
id
i
n
g
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
p
ag
e
b
y
p
ag
e,
in
te
g
r
ate
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
p
ag
e
b
y
p
ag
e.
B
o
th
th
ese
m
o
d
u
le
s
n
e
ed
to
b
e
in
s
talled
p
ip
in
s
tall
p
y
t
t
s
x
3
,
p
ip
in
s
tall
P
y
P
DF2
.
Step
s
to
b
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
f
o
r
p
d
f
to
au
d
io
f
ile
:
a)
I
m
p
o
r
t th
e
P
y
P
DF2
an
d
p
y
t
tx
3
m
o
d
u
le
s
.
b)
Op
en
th
e
P
DF f
ile.
c)
P
d
f
Fil
eRead
er
(
)
to
r
ea
d
th
e
PDF an
d
g
i
v
e
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t p
ath
o
f
th
e
P
DF a
s
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
d)
g
etP
ag
e(
)
m
et
h
o
d
to
s
elec
t th
e
p
ag
e
to
b
e
r
ea
d
.
e)
E
x
tr
ac
t th
e
te
x
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
ag
e
u
s
i
n
g
ex
tr
ac
tT
ex
t(
)
.
f)
I
n
s
ta
n
tiate
a
n
o
b
j
ec
t f
o
r
p
y
ttx
3
.
g)
Usi
n
g
s
a
y
(
)
an
d
r
u
n
w
ait(
)
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
s
p
ea
k
o
u
t t
h
e
tex
t c
o
n
t
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
o
p
h
is
tica
ted
a
n
d
mo
d
ern
iz
ed
lib
r
a
r
y
r
u
n
n
in
g
s
ystem
w
ith
OC
R
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
in
g
I
o
T
(
D.
K
a
r
th
ikey
a
n
)
1687
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
C
o
n
v
er
ti
n
g
p
d
f
f
ile
in
to
tex
t
f
ile
C
o
d
in
g
# importing the modules
import
PyPDF2
import pyttsx3
class reading:
book= open ('C:
\
\
Study_Material.pdf', 'rb')
pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(book)
paged = pdfReader.numPages
print(paged)
speak = pyttsx3.init()
from_page=pdfReader(15)
text = from_page.extractText()
speak.say(text)
speak.runAndWait()
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
O
C
R
i
s
in
itiated
af
ter
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
,
w
h
i
ch
is
t
h
e
s
ca
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
tag
s
p
r
esen
t
o
n
th
e
b
o
o
k
s
.
T
h
en
v
ia
th
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
wee
n
th
e
b
o
o
k
a
n
d
th
e
ca
m
er
a
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
T
h
is
h
elp
s
t
h
e
ca
m
er
a
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
tex
t
w
r
i
tten
in
th
e
b
o
o
k
,
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
ze
d
te
x
t
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
R
a
s
p
b
er
r
y
P
i
v
ia
th
e
R
a
s
p
b
ian
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
w
h
er
e
l
ater
th
e
te
x
t
f
ile
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
an
a
u
d
io
f
i
le.
T
h
is
au
d
io
f
ile
is
b
ein
g
p
la
y
ed
an
d
th
e
co
n
ten
ts
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
k
ca
n
b
e
h
ea
r
d
v
ia
th
e
h
ea
d
s
e
t
.
T
h
is
u
n
iq
u
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
th
e
OC
R
h
elp
s
b
li
n
d
p
eo
p
le
to
r
ea
d
a
b
o
o
k
b
y
ac
tu
a
ll
y
h
ea
r
i
n
g
it s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
C
o
n
v
er
ti
n
g
p
d
f
f
ile
in
to
au
d
io
f
i
le
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Her
e
u
p
d
ated
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
lib
r
ar
y
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
an
al
y
ze
d
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
is
tin
g
o
n
e,
at
th
e
w
h
o
le,
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
t
h
is
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
n
e
is
b
etter
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ea
r
lier
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
m
o
r
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
lib
r
ar
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
th
at
p
a
y
th
e
w
a
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
lib
r
ar
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
i
n
cu
lca
tes
t
h
e
O
C
R
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
v
er
y
w
i
s
el
y
.
T
h
e
b
o
o
k
is
s
u
in
g
a
n
d
r
etu
r
n
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
cr
ea
ted
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
e
f
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ad
d
ed
w
it
h
t
w
o
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
co
n
ce
p
t
lik
e
co
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
o
f
p
d
f
f
ile
in
to
h
ig
h
l
y
v
is
ib
le
tex
t
f
i
le
an
d
it
also
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
v
er
ter
to
au
d
io
f
ile
w
h
er
e
it
h
as
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
b
lin
d
p
eo
p
le
in
th
e
s
o
ciet
y
w
h
ic
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
er
e
ea
g
er
i
n
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
u
s
a
g
e
th
e
ab
o
v
e
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
h
as b
ee
n
v
er
i
f
ied
u
s
i
n
g
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
6
8
0
-
1
6
9
1
1688
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
o
p
h
is
tica
ted
a
n
d
mo
d
ern
iz
ed
lib
r
a
r
y
r
u
n
n
in
g
s
ystem
w
ith
OC
R
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
in
g
I
o
T
(
D.
K
a
r
th
ikey
a
n
)
1689
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
A
lad
ré
n
,
G
.
L
ó
p
e
z
-
Nic
o
lás
,
L
.
P
u
ig
,
a
n
d
J.
J.
G
u
e
rre
ro
,
“
Na
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
a
ss
istan
c
e
f
o
r
th
e
v
isu
a
ll
y
im
p
a
ired
u
sin
g
RG
B
-
D
se
n
so
r
w
it
h
ra
n
g
e
e
x
p
a
n
sio
n
,
”
IEE
E
S
y
st.i
J
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
2
2
-
9
3
2
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/JS
Y
S
T
.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
2
0
6
3
9
.
[2
]
T
.
Am
e
m
i
y
a
a
n
d
H.
S
u
g
iy
a
m
a
,
“
Orie
n
ti
n
g
k
in
e
s
th
e
ti
c
a
ll
y
:
A
h
a
p
ti
c
h
a
n
d
h
e
ld
w
a
y
f
in
d
e
r
f
o
r
p
e
o
p
le
w
it
h
v
isu
a
l
im
p
a
ir
m
e
n
ts,”
ACM
T
ra
n
s.
Acc
e
ss
ib
le Co
mp
u
t.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
4
5
/
1
8
5
7
9
2
0
.
1
8
5
7
9
2
3
.
[3
]
B.
A
n
d
ò
,
S
.
Ba
g
li
o
,
V
.
M
a
rletta
,
a
n
d
A
.
V
a
las
tro
,
“
A
h
a
p
ti
c
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
to
a
ss
ist
v
isu
a
ll
y
i
m
p
a
ired
in
m
o
b
il
it
y
t
a
sk
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
H
u
ma
n
-
M
a
c
h
.
S
y
st.,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
4
1
-
6
4
6
,
Oc
t.
i
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
HMS
.
2
0
1
5
.
2
4
1
9
2
5
6
.
[4
]
S
.
Bh
a
tl
a
w
a
n
d
e
,
M
.
M
a
h
a
d
e
v
a
p
p
a
,
J.
M
u
k
h
e
rjee
,
M
.
Bisw
a
s,
D.
Da
s
,
a
n
d
S
.
G
u
p
ta,
“
De
sig
n
,
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
li
n
ica
l
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
e
lec
tro
n
ic
m
o
b
il
it
y
c
a
n
e
f
o
r
v
isio
n
re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Ne
u
r
a
l
S
y
st.
Reh
a
b
i
l.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
8
-
1
1
5
9
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
NSRE
.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
2
4
9
7
4
.
[5
]
B.
Blas
c
h
,
R.
G
.
L
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
N.
G
riff
in
-
S
h
irl
e
y
,
“
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
e
lec
tro
n
ic
trav
e
l
a
id
s
f
o
r
b
li
n
d
a
n
d
i
v
isu
a
ll
y
im
p
a
ired
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
Im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
d
e
sig
n
,
”
in
Pro
c
.
RE
S
NA
1
2
t
h
An
n
u
.
Co
n
f.
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
1
9
9
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
-
1
3
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/0
0
0
3
-
6
8
7
0
(9
1
)9
0
0
4
5
-
j
.
[6
]
E.
Ca
rd
il
l
o
,
V
.
Dii
M
a
tt
ia,
G
.
M
a
n
f
re
d
i,
P
.
R
u
ss
o
,
A
.
De
i
L
e
o
,
A.
Ca
d
d
e
m
i
,
a
n
d
G
.
Ce
rri
,
”
A
n
i
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
S
e
n
so
r
P
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
to
A
ss
ist
V
isu
a
l
ly
I
m
p
a
ired
a
n
d
Bli
n
d
P
e
o
p
le
in
A
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
W
a
lk
in
g
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
(
Ba
se
l)
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
3
6
4
,
F
e
b
1
4
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/s1
7
0
2
0
3
6
4
.
[7
]
L
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
P
.
L
ian
g
,
a
n
d
Y.
M
u
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
P
riv
a
c
y
-
P
re
se
rv
i
n
g
a
n
d
S
e
c
u
rit
y
f
o
r
De
c
e
n
tralize
d
Ke
y
-
P
o
li
c
y
A
tt
rib
u
ted
-
Ba
se
d
En
c
ry
p
ti
o
n
,
”
in
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
7
3
6
-
1
2
7
4
5
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/A
CCES
S
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
1
0
8
1
0
.
[8
]
A
.
P
a
n
d
e
y
a
n
d
V
.
J.
M
a
th
e
w
s,
"
I
m
p
ro
v
in
g
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
fe
e
d
b
a
c
k
c
a
n
c
e
ll
a
ti
o
n
i
n
d
ig
it
a
l
h
e
a
rin
g
a
id
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
f
fe
n
d
in
g
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
su
p
p
re
ss
io
n
i
n
A
c
o
u
sti
c
s
S
p
e
e
c
h
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
(
ICAS
S
P
)
,
p
p
.
1
7
3
-
1
7
6
,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/I
CA
S
S
P
.
2
0
1
0
.
5
4
9
6
0
7
3
.
[9
]
M
.
Ba
h
a
d
o
ri,
M
.
Ka
m
a
l,
A
.
Afz
a
li
-
Ku
sh
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
P
e
d
ra
m
,
"
Hi
g
h
-
sp
e
e
d
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
ici
e
n
t
c
a
rry
s
k
ip
a
d
d
e
r
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
a
w
id
e
ra
n
g
e
o
f
su
p
p
ly
v
o
lt
a
g
e
lev
e
ls,"
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
v
e
ry
la
r
g
e
sc
a
le
i
n
t
e
g
ra
ti
o
n
(
VL
S
I)
sy
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
p
p
.
4
2
1
-
4
3
3
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
V
L
S
I.
2
0
1
5
.
2
4
0
5
1
3
3
.
[1
0
]
M
.
G
u
o
,
S
.
H.
Je
n
se
n
,
a
n
d
J.
Je
n
se
n
,
"
No
v
e
l
a
c
o
u
stic
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
c
a
n
c
e
ll
a
ti
o
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
i
n
h
e
a
rin
g
a
id
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
u
sin
g
p
r
o
b
e
n
o
ise
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
e
n
o
ise
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Au
d
io
,
S
p
e
e
c
h
,
a
n
d
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
p
p
.
2
5
4
9
-
2
5
6
3
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
A
S
L
.
2
0
1
2
.
2
2
0
6
0
2
5
.
[1
1
]
I.
F
.
A
k
y
il
d
iz,
S
u
W
.
Y
,
Y.
S
a
n
k
a
ra
su
b
ra
m
a
n
ia
m
,
a
n
d
E.
Ca
y
irci,
“
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s:
A
S
u
rv
e
y
,
”
W
ire
les
s
S
e
n
so
r Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
8
,
n
o
.
4,
p
p
.
3
9
3
-
4
2
2
.
F
e
b
,
2
0
0
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/S
1
3
8
9
-
1
2
8
6
(0
1
)0
0
3
0
2
-
4.
[1
2
]
J.
W
o
u
ters
,
H.
J.
M
c
De
rm
o
tt
,
a
n
d
T
.
F
ra
n
c
a
rt,
"
S
o
u
n
d
c
o
d
in
g
in
c
o
c
h
lea
r
im
p
lan
ts:
F
r
o
m
e
lec
tri
c
p
u
lse
s
to
h
e
a
rin
g
,
"
IEE
E
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
M
a
g
a
zi
n
e
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
p
p
.
6
7
-
8
0
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
S
P
.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
7
1
6
7
1
.
[1
3
]
M
.
Ba
y
a
n
i,
G
.
M
a
rin
,
a
n
d
G
.
Ba
rra
n
tes
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
S
e
n
so
r
P
lac
e
m
e
n
t
S
trate
g
ies
o
n
a
W
irele
s
s
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
,
”
IEE
E
Fo
u
rth
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
e
n
so
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
0
F
o
u
rt
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
e
n
s
o
r T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
S
ENS
ORCO
M
M
.
2
0
1
0
.
9
6
.
[1
4
]
A
.
L
.
Brian
,
L
.
A
ro
c
k
ia
m
,
a
n
d
P
.
D.
M
a
larc
h
e
lv
i,
“
A
n
Io
t
Ba
se
d
S
e
c
u
re
d
S
m
a
rt
L
ib
ra
ry
S
y
ste
m
W
it
h
NFC
Ba
se
d
Bo
o
k
T
ra
c
k
in
g
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Eme
rg
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(
IJ
ET
CS
E)
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
5.
J
un
.
2
0
1
4
,
I
S
S
N:
0
9
7
6
-
1
3
5
3
.
[1
5
]
M
.
De
Do
n
n
o
,
K.
T
a
n
g
e
,
a
n
d
N.
Dra
g
o
n
i,
“
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ev
o
l
u
ti
o
n
o
f
M
o
d
e
rn
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
P
a
ra
d
ig
m
s:
Clo
u
d
,
Io
T
,
Ed
g
e
,
a
n
d
F
o
g
,
”
i
n
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
9
3
6
-
1
5
0
9
4
8
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/A
CCES
S
.
2
0
1
9
.
2
9
4
7
6
5
2
.
[1
6
]
K.
Co
y
le,
“
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
ti
o
f
RF
I
D
in
li
b
ra
ries
”
.
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Aca
d
e
m
ic
L
ib
r
a
ria
n
sh
i
p
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
4
8
6
-
4
8
9
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
0
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
a
c
a
li
b
.
2
0
0
5
.
0
6
.
0
0
1
.
[1
7
]
S.
K
u
m
a
r,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
‘In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s’
(I
o
T
)
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
L
ib
ra
ry
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
&
S
e
rv
ice
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
&
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
S
t
u
d
ie
s (
IJ
S
IRS
)
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
2
, J
a
n
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
A
.
Na
g
a
n
d
K.
Nik
a
m
,
“
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
in
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic
L
ib
ra
ries
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
i
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
L
ib
ra
ry
S
c
ien
c
e
,
IS
S
N
2
3
4
9
-
2
3
5
X
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
9
]
N.
P
a
ti
l,
P
.
Ka
ra
n
d
e
,
J.
De
sa
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
P
e
re
ira
,
“
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
f
o
r
li
b
ra
ry
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
&
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
(
IJ
ES
C)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
2
1
-
1
0
0
2
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
0
]
O.
V
a
i
d
y
a
,
S
.
S
n
e
h
a
l
i
Ku
l
th
e
,
A
.
Kh
a
ire
,
a
n
d
N.
Ke
la,
“
De
sig
n
&
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
RF
ID
b
a
se
d
b
o
o
k
trac
k
in
g
s
y
ste
m
in
li
b
ra
ry
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rs
(
IJ
EE
E)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
8
9
-
6
9
6
,
F
e
b
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
1
]
V
.
K.
G
o
v
in
d
a
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
P
.
S
h
iv
a
r
p
a
sa
d
,
”
Ch
a
ra
c
ter
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
,
”
A
Rev
iew
,
P
a
tt
e
rn
Rec
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o.
7
,
p
p
.
6
7
1
-
683
,
1
9
9
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
0
0
3
1
-
3
2
0
3
(
9
0
)
9
0
0
9
1
-
X.
[2
2
]
J.
M
a
n
tas
,
”
A
n
o
v
e
rv
iew
o
f
c
h
a
r
a
c
ter
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
,
”
Pa
tt
e
rn
Rec
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
,
v
o
l.
19
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
2
5
-
4
3
0
,
1
9
8
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
0
0
3
1
-
3
2
0
3
(
8
6
)9
0
0
4
0
-
3.
[2
3
]
A
.
A
li
,
M
.
N.
M
.
Ya
sin
,
M
.
F
.
C.
Hu
si
n
,
a
n
d
N.
A
.
M
A
h
m
a
d
Ha
m
b
a
li
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
2
-
c
o
il
w
irele
ss
p
o
w
e
r
tran
sf
e
r
(
W
P
T
)
u
sin
g
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
1
1
-
6
1
6
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ij
p
e
d
s.v
1
0
.
i
2
.
p
p
6
1
1
-
6
1
6
.
[2
4
]
M
.
Re
h
m
a
n
,
P
.
Na
ll
a
g
o
w
n
d
e
n
,
a
n
d
Z
.
Ba
h
a
ru
d
in
,
"
Ef
f
icie
n
c
y
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
S
a
n
d
S
P
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
to
p
o
l
o
g
ies
f
o
r
w
ir
e
les
s p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
e
r,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
7
-
2
1
6
4
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ij
p
e
d
s
.
v
1
0
.
i
4
.
p
p
2
1
5
7
-
2
1
6
4
.
[2
5
]
G
.
Ba
la
m
u
ru
g
a
n
,
S
.
P
u
n
n
iak
o
d
i,
K.
Ra
jes
w
a
ri
,
a
n
d
V
.
A
ru
lala
n
,
"
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
n
u
m
b
e
r
p
late
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
su
p
e
r
-
re
so
lu
t
io
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
ICCCT
),
p
p
.
2
7
3
-
2
7
7
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/I
CCCT
2
.
2
0
1
5
.
7
2
9
2
7
5
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.