TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decembe
r
2014, pp. 79
7
9
~ 798
6
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i12.59
86
7979
Re
cei
v
ed Ma
rch 1
7
, 2014;
Re
vised July
24, 2014; Accepted Augu
st
14, 2014
Study on Smart Grid System Based on
System
Dynamics
Cui He-Rui, Peng Xu*
Schoo
l of Econ
omics an
d Man
agem
ent, North Chi
na Electri
c
Po
w
e
r Un
iver
sit
y
,
Baod
ing
071
00
3, Hebe
i, Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: dona
ld
pen
g
x
u@1
63.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Sm
art Grid is a large complex system
, involv
ing generation,
transm
i
ssion, distribut
ion and
deliv
ery
of four links.
This
paper
analy
z
e
s the structure of th
e s
m
art grid system in
depth with
a
combi
natio
n of
qual
itative a
n
d
qua
ntit
ative
researc
h
ap
pr
oach. T
h
e
n
it
expla
i
ns stat
e varia
b
les, r
a
te
variables
and
constants in the dev
elopm
ent of smart
grid system
under
the
Vens
im
s
o
ftware envir
onment
and analy
z
es subsystem
s causal feedbac
k relationship
in a macro point of
view.
Finally, this paper
ana
ly
z
e
s the s
i
mulati
on o
n
th
e amou
nt of fundi
ng a
nd
prof
essio
nals i
n
th
e smart gr
id s
ystem dy
na
mic
s
flow
dia
g
ra
m
after in
puttin
g
DYNAMO l
a
ngu
ag
e e
q
u
a
ti
ons. T
h
e
si
mulati
on
an
alysi
s show
s that
the
deve
l
op
ment o
f
the smart gri
d
shou
ld focus
on traini
ng
pr
ofessio
nals. Pr
ofessio
nal ta
le
nt is a source
of
strength i
n
the
smart gr
id
dev
elo
p
m
ent. At th
e sa
me ti
me, w
e
shoul
d a
l
so
pay atte
ntion t
o
in
dustria
l p
o
li
c
y
relate
d to the smart gri
d
an
d seek bre
a
k un
d
e
r the gui
da
nc
e of policy.
Ke
y
w
ords
: s
y
s
tem dy
na
mics
, smart grid sys
tem, feed
back,
counter
me
asu
r
es
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
No
wad
a
ys, t
he tra
d
itional
State Gri
d
trans
fe
rs to
the Intellige
n
t
Network a
nd the
coo
r
din
a
tion
deman
d of el
ectri
c
ity gene
ration, tra
n
smissi
on, di
stribution a
nd u
s
e i
s
very hi
gh
unde
r the
b
a
c
kgro
und
of
complex p
o
we
r
system
and
dee
peni
ng
p
o
we
r
reform.
Smart G
r
id i
s
a
new intellige
n
t se
rvice
ne
twork
cha
r
a
c
t
e
rized
with
cl
ean, effici
ent, safe
and
rel
i
able o
p
e
r
ati
ng
system. It
ca
n be
built by
the late
st in
formatio
n
technolo
g
y co
m
b
ined
with v
a
riou
s
ele
c
tri
c
al
infrast
r
u
c
ture
s. It can imp
r
ove ene
rgy e
fficiency,
the
safety and
re
liability of the power
sup
p
l
y
and
redu
ce
i
m
pact
s
of e
n
v
ironme
n
t, po
wer lo
ss
of
the tran
smi
ssi
o
n
. And
the Real-time co
ntro
l
techn
o
logy can discove
r
and elimin
ate
hidden fault
s
rapi
dly and
improve the
reliability of
grid
operation at
the sa
me ti
me [2].There
are m
u
ltip
le
feedba
ck lo
ops i
n
sm
art
grid
system
s,
compl
e
x inte
ractio
ns an
d
dep
end
en
cies
amon
g v
a
riou
s
elem
e
n
ts of it
s
su
bsyste
ms. T
he
behavio
rs of
syste
m
a
r
e
dynami
c
, complex a
nd
nonlin
ear. S
o
it is re
ally hard to
co
n
duct
resea
r
ch o
n
the Sm
art
Grid
sy
stem
with
hum
an
’s exp
e
rie
n
ce an
d ju
dgm
ent o
r
traditi
onal
manag
eme
n
t sci
en
ce meth
od.
This
pap
er
adopt
s sy
ste
m
dynami
c
s app
roa
c
h,
usin
g a
co
mbination
m
e
thod of
qualitative an
d quantitative
analysi
s
to analyze
stru
ctural featu
r
e
s
and op
eratio
n
a
l mech
ani
sm of
Smart Grid,
descri
b
ing th
e intera
ction
and feedb
a
ck b
e
twe
en the variou
s
subsy
s
tems, t
hus
providin
g a scientific b
a
si
s for corre
c
t d
e
ci
sion.
1.1. Structu
r
al features o
f
Smart Grid
Smart Gri
d
i
s
a hi
ghly in
telligent net
work ba
sed
o
n
physi
cal
grid. It integrat
es the
gene
ration, transmi
ssion,
distrib
u
tion a
nd use into
o
ne intern
et b
y
full use of advan
ced
se
nso
r
measurement
technol
ogy, commu
nica
tions tec
hnol
ogy, informa
t
ion techn
o
l
ogy, comput
er
techn
o
logy,
control techn
o
logy, ne
w
energy tech
nologi
es. It can m
eet u
s
er
dem
and
for
electri
c
ity and environmental const
r
aints, optimize resource
alloca
tion, ensure sa
fety, reli
ability
and e
c
on
omy
in the po
wer sup
p
ly, ada
pt to the ma
rket develo
p
m
ent of elect
r
i
c
po
we
r for t
h
e
purp
o
se of rel
i
able, econo
mical, cle
an p
o
we
r su
pply and value
-
ad
ded services
[3].
Gene
ral
sp
e
a
kin
g
, Smart
Grid’
s
co
nst
r
uctio
n
s ne
e
d
a la
rg
e-scale fundi
ng,
techni
cal
team and ef
fective dema
nd for su
pp
ort. And t
he applications of Smart Grid syste
m
a
r
e
con
s
trai
ned
and influ
e
n
c
ed by many
factors. Fo
r example, b
u
sin
e
ss-ori
en
ted appli
c
ati
ons
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decem
ber 20
14 : 7979 – 79
86
7980
determi
ned
b
y
the indu
strial stru
ctu
r
e,
indu
strial te
chn
o
logy, th
e type of m
a
rket, eco
n
o
m
y,
busi
n
e
ss
con
d
itions et
c. Service
s
p
r
ovi
ded for
com
m
unity subje
c
t to market size and te
ch
nical
means
[4-6] and s
o
on.
Smart G
r
id
system
ha
s five pa
rts,
incl
udin
g
d
a
ta colle
ctio
n, data t
r
an
smissio
n
,
informatio
n in
tegration, an
a
l
ysis & optimi
z
ation a
nd inf
o
rmatio
n sh
o
w
[7].
2. Analy
s
is o
n
Dev
e
lopment of Smar
t Grid b
y
S
y
st
em D
y
namic
s
2.1. Sy
stem
D
y
namics Analy
s
is
System Dyna
mic, SD for short, is a disc
iplin
e analyzing feedba
ck system
s, cre
a
ted by
MIT Professo
r Fo
rre
st in
1
956 a
nd a
ppl
ied mainly
fo
r the field of
manag
eme
n
t sci
en
ce initi
a
lly
[13]. System
Dynami
cs, a
comp
uter
sim
u
lation
metho
d
base
d
on feedb
ack theo
ry, is used to
analyze the
probl
em
s of
compl
e
x sy
stem, comm
unicate the
natural
scien
c
e
s
an
d social
sci
en
ce
s. It analyzes the
system
st
ru
cture
of in
fo
rmation fee
d
b
a
ck, the
dyn
a
mic
rel
a
tion
ship
betwe
en fun
c
tion and
beh
avior, ca
usal
relation
shi
p
a
nd st
ru
cture
model th
rou
g
h
the comput
er
simulatio
n
te
chni
que
s
su
ch as V
e
n
s
im
etc.
And it’s an extrem
el
y e
ffective understan
ding
and
modelin
g tool
, focusi
ng on
those dyn
a
m
ics
probl
em
s stem f
r
om
the feedb
ack mech
ani
sm,
to
solve the hig
her o
r
de
r, no
nlinea
r and ti
me
-varyin
g
m
u
lti-feedb
ack
system [13
-
1
5
].
2.2. Causality
Anal
y
s
is
In Smart Gri
d
system
s,
govern
m
ent
acti
on i
n
clu
d
e
s ma
kin
g
p
o
licie
s, guidi
ng an
d
sup
portin
g
g
r
i
d
comp
anie
s
, ma
cro
-
control, formul
atin
g devel
opme
n
t strategy of
Smart
Gri
d
a
n
d
so on. Th
e g
u
idan
ce a
nd
sup
port of go
vernme
nt
will
stren
g
then t
he develo
p
m
ent of Smart Grid
Comp
any, a
n
d
in
turn,
gov
ernm
ent d
e
p
a
rtment
s
will
fade o
u
t of th
is a
c
tion
with
the i
n
crea
sin
g
r
e
sear
ch capac
i
ty of Smart Gr
id
C
o
mpany. At the s
a
me time
,
the govern
m
ent shifted
its
fo
cu
s
to macro-cont
rol and
strate
gic re
se
arch.
There a
r
e
cle
a
r p
o
sitive
co
rrel
a
tion
s bet
wee
n
net
wo
rk e
quipm
ent reso
urce
s
sub
s
ystem,
environ
ment
sub
s
ystem, p
o
we
r compa
n
i
es sub
s
ys
te
m, the agen
cy subsy
s
te
m.
Smart Grid
will
facilitate the above daily o
peratin
g su
bsystems.
Cau
s
al relatio
n
shi
p
s b
e
twe
en the variou
s su
bsy
s
tem
s
are sh
own in
Figure 1 [16,
17].
Figure 1. Smart grid
syste
m
cau
s
ality diagra
m
2.3.
Feedba
c
k
Loop An
aly
s
is
Feedb
ack lo
o
p
in the sy
ste
m
dynami
c
m
odel
reveal
s the re
ason
wh
y the syste
m
state
cha
nge
s th
at
the feed
ba
ck
stru
cture. Se
en from the
a
bove a
nalysi
s
, feedba
ck lo
op in
the Sm
art
Grid system
contai
ns envi
r
onm
ent
sub
s
ystem,
n
e
twork eq
uipme
n
t re
sou
r
ce
subsy
s
tem, po
wer
corpo
r
ate
su
bsyste
m, go
vernme
nt su
bsyste
m,
ag
ency
sub
s
ystem, Smart Grid te
chn
o
l
ogy
sub
s
ystem
si
x [18]. Detailed analyses
were a
s
follows.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Study on Sm
art Grid S
yste
m
Based on System
Dyna
m
i
cs (Cui He
-Rui)
7981
Figure 2. Environm
ent su
b
s
ystem fee
d
b
a
ck
Figure 3. Technolo
g
y sub
system feedba
ck
Environme
n
t sub
s
yst
e
m: Environm
en
t sub
s
ystem
in Smart
Grid i
s
an i
m
porta
nt
operation gu
arante
e
. Its ultimate aim is to reduc
e re
sou
r
ce co
nsu
m
ption, elect
r
icity produ
cti
o
n
and tran
sp
ort
a
tion pollutio
n
and the lan
d
area
occupi
ed, improve t
he efficien
cy of grid op
erat
ion
and gri
d
se
cu
rity by the technica
l improvements in the
produ
ction,
t
r
an
spo
r
t and
client si
de [1
8],
reali
z
e the co
ordin
a
ted dev
elopme
n
t of Smart Grid a
nd the enviro
n
ment.
Tech
nolo
g
y subsy
s
tem: Te
chn
o
logy sub
s
yste
m in S
m
art Gri
d
is
comp
osed of
energy-
saving
equi
p
m
ent, inform
ation sy
stem
, control sy
stems, etc. P
o
we
r G
r
id
Corpo
r
atio
n can
improve
op
e
r
ational
effici
ency
and
st
ability of th
e gri
d
by
creating
ne
w ene
rgy-savi
ng
equipm
ent. Upd
a
te of energy
-saving
equipme
n
t will cau
s
e th
e transfo
rmat
ion of inform
ation
system. Port
al system all
o
ws the Sm
art Grid to
g
e
t data from
multiple so
u
r
ce
s, ma
king
the
processed inf
o
rmation visually
presented to the client. Inform
ation system transformation
will
also d
r
ive the developm
e
n
t of control
system
, re
du
cing the u
s
e
of human reso
urce
s in the
prod
uctio
n
, o
peratio
n and
maintena
nce asp
e
ct
s. The man
age
ment of Smart Grid
ca
n
be
improve
d
by intelligent con
t
rol system [1
9].
Figure 4. Equipment re
so
urce sub
s
ystem
feedba
ck
Equipme
n
t re
sou
r
ce su
bsy
s
tem: Equip
m
ent re
sou
r
ces subsy
s
te
m is the core
of Smar
t
Grid, a
nd the
relatio
n
shi
p
betwe
en the
element
s i
s
a
l
so the
mo
st compl
e
x. Ge
nerato
r
s, sm
art
meters, sm
art sub
s
tation
s, tran
smissio
n
and
distri
but
ion line
s
, con
t
rol sy
stems
and n
e
two
r
ke
d
power
gene
ration sy
stem
s a
r
e p
o
sitive
feedba
ck to
the integ
r
atio
n platform
of
the gri
d
sy
ste
m
.
Ren
o
vation a
nd expa
nsi
o
n
of gen
erato
r
s will
inevitabl
y lead to the
tran
sform
a
tion
and
upg
radi
n
g
C
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
on s
i
t
e
Ne
g
a
t
i
v
e
e
c
ol
og
i
c
a
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
Ca
p
i
t
a
l
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
E
n
er
gy
-
s
a
v
i
n
g
eq
ui
pm
en
t
-
-
+
+
+
E
n
e
r
gy-
s
a
vi
ng
eq
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
In
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
st
e
m
Co
n
t
r
o
l
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
F
und
i
n
g
S
c
i
e
n
t
if
ic
a
n
d
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
i
cal
kn
ow
l
e
dg
e
+
+
-
+
+
Gr
i
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
in
t
e
g
r
a
t
io
n
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
Co
n
t
r
o
l
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
sy
s
t
e
m
D
i
s
p
at
ch
cen
t
e
r
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
Ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
ne
t
w
o
r
k
i
ng s
y
s
t
e
m
s
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
t
S
u
b
s
ta
ti
o
n
S
m
a
r
t m
e
te
rs
C
a
p
i
t
a
l
i
nve
s
t
m
e
nt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on
l
i
n
e
s
G
e
n
e
ra
to
rs
+
+
+
+
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decem
ber 20
14 : 7979 – 79
86
7982
of transmi
ssi
on and di
stri
bution line
s
.
And the
ch
alleng
e, long
-dista
nce UHV transmi
ssion
techn
o
logy, has be
en compromised
by our cou
n
t
ry [20].
Smart meters u
pgra
d
ing, sm
art
sub
s
tation
s u
pgra
d
ing, ge
nerato
r
s upg
rading a
r
e often ca
rrie
d
ou
t simultaneo
u
s
ly, and posit
ive
feedba
ck to the cont
rol system and i
n
tegratio
n pl
atform. Conv
ersely, the developme
n
t of
integratio
n pl
atform
req
u
ires i
n
form
atio
n sy
st
em, di
spatch
cente
r
s, netwo
rked
p
o
we
r
gene
rati
on
to coo
r
di
nate
with ea
ch
oth
e
r. The
eq
uip
m
ent
re
so
urce
su
bsy
s
tem formed a closed
loo
p
a
r
ou
nd
the positive feedb
ack.
Figure 5. Governm
ent su
bsystem feedba
ck
Govern
ment sub
s
ystem: Policie
s
of
governm
ent subsy
s
tem ca
n determin
e
the future
dire
ction of S
m
art G
r
id. Go
vernme
nt’s in
centive
s
can
be taken to in
cre
a
se supp
o
r
t efforts of th
e
power ind
u
st
ry and the
amount of capital inve
st
ment, to enhan
ce the vitality of the
grid
comp
any, to prom
ote the
rapid
devel
opment of
S
m
art Gri
d
te
chn
o
logy an
d equip
m
ent,
and
finally strengt
henin
g
the profession
al pe
rso
nnel.
Ince
ntives, sup
p
o
r
t policie
s, vitality of Power
Grid
Co
rpo
r
at
ion, power
eq
uipment, capi
tal inve
stmen
t, Smart Grid
techn
o
logy a
nd professio
n
a
l
and techni
cal
person
nel fo
rm a po
sitive feedba
ck lo
op. On the o
t
her ha
nd, the governmen
t's
regul
atory pol
icy limits the developm
ent of the Smart Grid to some
extent.
Figure 6. Power
co
rpo
r
ati
on su
bsy
s
te
m
feedba
ck
Figure 7. Agency su
bsy
s
te
m feedba
ck
Powe
r G
r
id
Corpo
r
atio
n su
bsyste
m: Te
chnica
l ba
rri
ers form a
neg
ative feedba
ck effe
ct
to scientific knowl
edge
an
d pr
ofessio
n
a
l
perso
nnel, and
i
s
not co
ndu
cive
to attract
in
novati
v
e
techn
o
logy, limiting the development of
Smart
Grid. And profe
ssi
onal and te
chnical person
nel,
vitality of Power G
r
id
Co
rporatio
n, co
mpetitiv
eness of G
r
id
Com
pany fo
rm a
positive fe
ed
back
loop, stre
ngth
ening
soft po
wer of g
r
id co
mpanie
s
sub
s
ystem.
Agency sub
system: It contains inte
rm
ediari
e
s, sup
porting in
du
stries, compet
itive o
f
power comp
a
n
ies, in
centiv
e polici
e
s.
I
n
cen
t
i
v
e
s
S
u
pp
or
t
pol
i
c
i
e
s
Re
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
p
o
lic
ie
s
v
i
t
a
lit
y
o
f
G
r
id
C
o
r
por
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
f
es
s
i
o
n
al
an
d
t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
p
e
r
s
o
nne
l
C
a
p
i
t
a
l
i
nve
s
t
m
e
nt
Sm
a
r
t
G
r
i
d
t
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
Ne
t
w
o
r
k
Eq
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
+
V
i
ta
l
i
ty
o
f
Gri
d
C
o
r
por
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
et
i
t
i
v
en
e
s
s o
f
G
r
i
d
C
o
r
por
a
t
i
o
n
S
c
ie
n
t
if
ic
a
n
d
t
e
c
hno
l
o
gi
c
a
l
kn
ow
l
e
dg
e
P
r
of
e
s
s
i
on
a
l
an
d
t
e
ch
n
i
c
a
l
per
s
on
n
e
l
+
+
+
+
+
T
ech
n
i
c
a
l
b
a
r
r
i
er
s
+
-
-
A
u
x
i
lia
r
y
in
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s
C
o
m
p
et
i
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
of
Gr
i
d
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
ce
n
t
i
v
es
A
g
en
cy
+
+
+
+
+
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Study on Sm
art Grid S
yste
m
Based on System
Dyna
m
i
cs (Cui He
-Rui)
7983
3. Sy
stem Dy
namics Flow
Di
agram o
f
Smart Grid
We
can q
ualit
atively understand th
e driv
ing forc
e
s
an
d ca
usal rel
a
tionship of Sm
art Gri
d
developm
ent
by causality diag
ram
as well
as
fee
dba
ck me
ch
anism
dia
g
ra
m of the va
rious
sub
s
ystem
s
above. In o
r
d
e
r to
qua
ntitatively expr
ess the devel
op
ment of Sma
r
t Grid,
we i
n
tend
to build Vensi
m
model of the flow diag
ra
m [21].
Figure 8. Smart grid
syste
m
dynamics flow dia
g
ra
m
This
pap
er
selecte
d
20
variabl
es in S
y
stem Dyn
a
m
ics flow dia
g
ram
to de
scrib
e
the
impact of Smart Grid sy
ste
m
in Figure 8
.
To des
cribe
the develop
ment of the
Smart Grid, this
pape
r sel
e
ct
ed four level
variable
s
, smart dev
ices, power g
e
n
e
ration n
e
tworki
ng sy
ste
m
s,
profe
ssi
onal
s,
incentive
s
as well as seven
rate
variable
s
, kn
owle
dge
t
r
a
n
smi
ssi
on ra
te
,
edu
cation
an
d traini
ng, n
e
w e
quipm
e
n
t utilization,
obsole
s
cen
c
e rate
of old
equip
m
ent,
the
amount
of p
o
licy ea
sin
g
,
efforts to
su
p
port a
bout
in
dustri
a
l,
intercon
ne
ction rates as anal
ysis
variable
s
[13,
22].
The a
r
ticle
fo
cu
sed
on
pro
f
essi
onal
s a
n
d
fundin
g
of l
e
vel varia
b
le
s, stu
d
ying
si
mulation
results in Ven
s
im soft
ware by chan
ging t
he paramete
r
values.
4. Vensim Si
mulation Anal
y
s
is of Sm
art Grid S
y
stem
Vensim
simul
a
tion pa
rame
ters
set from
2005 to 2
020
, a time step
of 1 year. We ente
r
equatio
ns for
each level an
d rate varia
b
l
e
s in the Sma
r
t Grid sy
ste
m
flow cha
r
t.
Figure 9. Smart grid
syste
m
profe
ssi
on
al table functi
on
P
r
o
f
essi
o
n
a
l
Kn
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
t
r
an
sm
i
ssi
o
n
r
a
t
e
E
d
u
c
at
i
o
n
an
d
t
r
ai
n
i
n
g
ef
f
o
r
t
s
Te
a
c
h
e
r
s
In
t
e
rm
e
d
i
a
ri
e
s
assi
st
am
o
u
n
t
D
i
s
p
at
c
h
ce
n
t
er
<T
i
m
e>
T
e
ch
n
i
ca
l
ba
r
r
i
er
s
Sm
a
r
t
De
v
i
c
e
s
N
e
w
equ
i
pm
en
t
u
t
iliz
a
t
io
n
O
b
so
l
e
s
c
en
ce
r
a
t
e
o
f
ol
d e
q
u
i
pm
en
t
E
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
al
ef
f
e
ct
s
P
o
l
i
c
y e
n
v
i
r
o
nm
e
n
t
I
n
ce
n
t
i
v
es
T
h
e am
ou
n
t
of
po
l
i
cy
e
a
s
i
n
g
E
f
f
o
r
t
s
t
o
s
u
ppor
t
ab
o
u
t
i
n
d
u
st
r
y
V
i
t
a
lit
y
o
f
G
r
id
C
o
r
por
a
t
i
o
n
Ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
or
ki
n
g
sy
st
em
s
In
t
e
rc
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
ra
t
e
s
C
o
m
p
et
i
t
i
v
en
ess o
f
G
r
id
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decem
ber 20
14 : 7979 – 79
86
7984
There
is an o
b
vious co
rrel
ation
bet
wee
n
the
pe
rson
nel traini
ng, e
ducation, tea
c
he
r a
nd
other facto
r
s, but it’s no
t easy
to u
s
e
mathem
atical
or logi
cal fun
c
tion t
o
represent
the
relation
shi
p
s.
So thi
s
p
ape
r inte
nd
s to
b
u
ild a
table
fu
nction
to d
e
scrib
e
th
e
status
of p
e
rson
nel
training.
Figure 10. State of money flow diag
ram
Figur
e 11. Co
mpari
s
o
n
of different simul
a
tion
para
m
eters
DYNAM
O
la
ngua
ge e
qua
tion of Fun
d
s
in Ve
nsim
Simulation
System is
written a
s
follows
.
a) Professio
nal.
K
=Loo
ku
p[(0,
100)-(1,100
0)],(0.05810
4,1
78.947
)…
b)
Efforts
to s
u
pport indus
t
ry
.
K
=PULSE T
R
AIN(2,0.5,10,
50)*
30
c)
Amount of po
licy easi
ng.K= Efforts to
suppo
rt indu
stry.L*Policy en
vironme
n
t.L
d)
Fund
s.K= Vol
u
me of invest
men
t.L+Poli
cy environme
n
t.J*SQRT
(
Fu
nds.
J
)
e)
Volume of investment.K=P
ULSE TRAIN(Fun
d
s,0.5,2,
25)
f)
Vitality of Gri
d
Corporation.K=
INTEGER(Volume of inves
t
ment.K)
g) Policy
enviro
n
ment.K=AB
S
(Vita
lity of G
r
id Co
rp
oratio
n.K)
K repre
s
e
n
ts
the pre
s
ent time, J is a mo
m
ent before, L is the next point in time.
Figure 12. Simulation resu
lts related to
sma
r
t grid pol
icy easi
ng variable amo
unt
As su
ppo
rt p
o
licie
s an
d fu
nding
of the
gover
n
m
ent
have obviou
s
stage
s a
nd
cycles,
so
the amou
nt of policy ea
sing and in
du
strial
sup
port
may use P
U
LSE TRAIN in the libra
ry o
f
Vensim. Set i
t
s minimum v
a
lue is
1 and
the maxi
mu
m is 80 [23,2
4
]. Current time step
of 1, the
final value of
40; Current1
time step
of
0.5, the
final
value of 6
0
; Cu
rre
nt2 tim
e
step
is
a final
value of 100.
From th
e sa
me pe
riod l
o
ngitudin
a
l co
mpari
s
o
n
, the develo
p
me
nt of Smart
Grid
sh
ould
be
con
d
u
c
ted
wh
en th
e a
m
ount of
poli
c
y ea
sing
an
d p
o
licy e
n
viron
m
ent a
r
e
more leni
ent. Fro
m
hori
z
ontal
co
mpari
s
o
n
, it
can be fou
n
d
that t
he policy and su
pp
ort efforts ha
ve obvious p
eaks
and troug
hs.
Tro
ugh
of t
he in
du
stry restru
ctu
r
in
g
and
re
st sta
ge, gri
d
i
s
in
the
su
spe
n
sion
con
d
ition
s
, howeve
r
pe
rso
nnel traini
ng
and second
ary industrie
s is in the develo
p
ment stag
e.
F
und
s
In
d
u
st
ry
e
f
f
o
rt
s
t
o
s
u
pp
or
t
P
o
l
i
c
y e
n
vi
r
o
nm
e
n
t
Vi
t
a
l
i
ty
o
f
P
o
we
r
G
r
i
d
Co
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
A
m
o
u
n
t
of
pol
i
c
y
eas
i
n
g
Vo
l
u
m
e
o
f
in
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Study on Sm
art Grid S
yste
m
Based on System
Dyna
m
i
cs (Cui He
-Rui)
7985
Cre
s
t is the p
eak p
e
rio
d
of the developm
ent
of the Smart Grid, an
d each grid e
q
u
i
pment
and control
systems a
r
e in
a phase of re
novation [25].
5. Conclusio
n
5.1. O
v
erall
Planning
As can b
e
se
en from the
above analy
s
is, the
con
s
truction of the
Smart Grid i
s
a huge
proje
c
t, invol
v
ing a
wid
e
geo
gra
phi
ca
l ran
ge, lo
ng
cycl
e time,
a h
uge
am
ount of
mon
e
y.
Con
s
tru
c
tion
of Smart Grid
shoul
d be un
ified plannin
g
,
co-o
rdin
atio
n, orde
rly buil
d
ing.
5.2. Carried
Out Ste
p
b
y
Step
Overall, the
Smart Grid
constructio
n
should
b
e
divided into thre
e levels: Smart Meter:,
Smart Grid and Smart City
.
a) Sm
art M
e
ter: Advanta
g
e
s
of Sma
r
t
Meter i
s
to e
s
tablish
a t
w
o
-
way flo
w
of
in
formation
betwe
en the
cu
stome
r
and
the powe
r
co
mpani
e
s
to provide intera
ct
ive services.
b) Sma
r
t Gri
d
: Powe
r co
mpanie
s
n
e
e
d
to co
ntinu
ously o
p
timize the op
erat
ion of
system
s, enh
ance vitality.
c) Sma
r
t City: Power tran
smissi
on an
d co
n
s
um
ption
pro
c
e
s
ses
sh
ould be ob
se
rved by
power
comp
anie
s
to imp
r
ove the respon
se
spee
d
of the dem
and-sid
e
, strengthe
ning t
h
e
cap
a
city of the boot nee
ds
to improve th
e power effici
ency.
5.3. Acceler
a
t
e Talen
t
s
Tech
nolo
g
y, capital an
d policy enviro
n
ment
are all factors, b
u
t professio
n
a
l and
techni
cal p
e
rson
nel is the
key. Professional an
d technical perso
n
nel ha
s be
co
me a so
urce
of
stren
g
th for the nation
a
l Smart Gri
d
dev
elopme
n
t.
5.4. Focus on Policies Related
to Smart Grid
Part of the simulation
analysi
s
sh
o
w
s that co
mpanie
s
sh
ould focus
on policy
environ
ment and indu
strial
policy
that correspon
d to Smart Grid
in the course
of Smart Grid
developm
ent, building a
strong Smart G
r
id system.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
This research has b
een
sup
porte
d by National
Nat
u
ral Sci
e
n
c
e
Found
ation o
f
China
unde
r the Grant No. 706
7
1039.
Referen
ces
[1]
YU Yiin, LUA
N
W
eneng.
S
m
a
r
t Grid and Its Imp
l
e
m
e
n
tatio
n
s
.
Proceedi
ngs
of the
CSEE. 200
9; 25(1):
1-5.
[2]
YU Yiin. T
e
chnical
Comp
osit
ion of Sm
art
Grid and
its Impleme
n
tatio
n
Sequ
ence.
S
outher
n Pow
e
r
System
Technology
. 200
9; 25(2):5-8.
[3]
XIAO Shij
ie. C
onsi
derati
on of
T
e
chnol
og
y fo
r Constructin
g
Chin
ese Sm
art Grid.
Automati
on of Electri
c
Power Systems
. 2009; 33(
9): 1-4.
[4]
W
ang T
ao. Ca
pab
ilit
y of Sma
r
t Grid to Promot
e Lo
w
-
carb
o
n
Dev
e
lo
pment
and B
enefits
Assessmen
t
Mode
l and Its Appl
icatio
n.
Schoo
l of Econo
mics a
nd Ma
na
ge
me
nt.
2013.
[5]
FORBES N,
WIELD D. Fro
m
follo
w
e
rs to leader
s managing technology
an
d innovation. Ox
on, UK:
Routl
edg
e. 200
2.
[6]
W
ang Ju
nka
n
g
. Rel
a
tio
n
shi
p
bet
w
e
e
n
T
e
chno
log
i
cal
Introducti
on
an
d
self-Inn
ovatio
n.
Jour
nal
Of
W
uhan Auto
motive Polytec
h
n
i
c Univers
i
ty
. 2000; 11(
22): 7-
11.
[7]
Z
E
NG
Ming, C
H
EN
Yin
g
-ji
e
, HU
Xia
n
zh
ong
, DONG
Dape
ng
. T
he Risk A
ssessment of
Chin
a
′
s Sm
ar
t
Grid
Base
d on
Multilev
e
l F
u
zz
y Com
p
re
hens
i
v
e Evalu
a
tio
n
Method.
East Chin
a
El
ectric Po
w
e
r.
2
011;
39(4): 53
5-5
3
9
.
[8]
Astrom KJ, Bell RD. Drum-boiler dy
namic.
Automatica.
20
0
0
; 36(3): 36
3-3
7
8
[9]
T
e
sfatsion L. Agent-b
ase
d
co
mputati
o
n
a
l econ
omics:
mode
lin
g
eco
n
o
m
ies as com
p
le
x ad
aptiv
e
s
y
stems.
Infor
m
ati
on Sci
enc
es
. 2003; 1
49(
4): 263-2
6
9
.
[10]
JIA W
enzha
o,
LIU
Ch
ang
yi,
LI Me
ng.
An
al
ysis
on
L
o
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