TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.7, July 201
4, pp
. 4900 ~ 49
0
4
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i7.588
2
4900
Re
cei
v
ed Fe
brua
ry 27, 20
14; Re
vised
Ma
rch 12, 20
14; Accepted
March 19, 20
14
Design and Implementation of PV Poultry Incubator
Using PLC
Nithin T Ab
r
a
ham*, Shae
ma Lizbeth Mathe
w
,
C.A Pradeep Ku
mar
*
Karun
y
a Univ
e
r
sit
y
Coimb
a
tore, Tamil Na
du, Indi
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: nithinth
amar
aveli
l
@gm
a
i
l
.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
It is very much important to have an i
m
pr
oved meathod
of poultry in
cubation because of the
increase in demand for chicken. But in co
nventional
meathod of poultry incubat
ion it consumes much
pow
er and
thi
s
pow
e
r
is ta
ken from the g
r
id.
In
short
conventional meat
hod of egg
hatching requi
res
countioous su
pply of pow
er. W
e
know
abo
ut the increasi
ng demand
I
n
this paper a
new
meathod
of
solar poultry incubator design
is suggested
w
h
ich c
ould b
e
used to hatch eggs from solar pv and hence
could reduce the usage of pow
er and can
maximi
z
e
the usage of sol
a
r pow
er
w
h
i
c
h is a renew
a
b
le
source of energy.By impleme
n
ting th
is meathod of solar p
oultry incubat
o
r
w
e
w
ill be able to reduce the
pow
er con
s
umption of
the
incubator by 75
% and the co
st involved in the design also yields profi
t
a
n
d
hence could b
r
ing out a
revel
oution in
this
fi
eld.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Ba
ttery, Charge C
ontrol
l
er, Hatch
i
ng, PV pa
nel
,
PLC
1. Introduc
tion
One of the m
a
in problem
s
faced in th
e incu
bat
ion p
r
o
c
e
ss of
chi
c
ken is the n
e
cessity of
power f
r
om
g
r
id. Be
cau
s
e
of this m
any f
a
rme
r
s mai
n
ly in rural
areas
struggl
e to s
u
rvive with this
busi
n
e
ss du
e
to lack of powe
r
availabl
e from
grid. Yet another
probl
em is th
at convention
a
l
meathod
of p
o
we
r ge
ne
rati
on is
not goi
n
g
to last fo
r
more th
an fe
w de
ca
de
s. So it is very m
u
ch
importa
nt an
d high time f
o
r u
s
to mo
ve to rene
wable e
nergy based p
o
we
r gene
ration
and
utilization so that we can
conser
ve our resources. In
this paper a new meathod whi
c
h involves
sola
r Photovoltaic pan
els
to produ
ce el
ectri
c
po
wer
and this po
wer is used to meet the demand
in a poultry incu
bator. Be
cau
s
e of this
farmers in po
ultry incub
a
tion bu
sine
ss can ma
ke u
s
e of
this
without
depe
nding
p
o
we
r from g
r
id a
nd
i
s
h
a
ving ma
ny
other
advant
age
s al
so li
ke
eco
nomi
cs.
In this pa
pe
r t
he
cont
rolling
me
cha
n
ism
i
s
d
one
with
t
he h
e
lp
of PL
C. Sieme
n
s L
ogo
wa
s the PLC
use
d
as the controlle
r. The
main adv
ant
age of usin
g PLC as the
controlle
r is th
at it
is user-frien
dl
y. We can im
plement the p
r
og
ram u
s
ing
ladder lo
gic,
whi
c
h is very
simple a
nd yet
anothe
r adva
n
tage is that
we can ma
ke
nece
s
sary chang
es if req
u
ired.
2. Design of
Solar Poultry
Incubator
The
blo
c
k dia
g
ram
of the
p
r
opo
se
d
sola
r poult
r
y in
cub
a
tor i
s
given
belo
w
in
figure 1. It
con
s
i
s
ts
of a
PV panel
whi
c
h i
s
used to
prod
uce
DC
power f
r
om
sunlight
and
th
e outp
u
t po
wer
fr
o
m
th
e pa
ne
l is fe
d in
to th
e
c
h
a
r
ge
c
o
n
t
ro
ller
and
fr
o
m
th
er
e to
the
batte
ry. The
charge
controlle
r is u
s
ed
so a
s
to prevent the b
a
ttery
from g
e
tting overch
arge
d and it has g
o
t a blo
c
ing
diode i
n
si
de
whi
c
h p
r
even
ts the flo
w
o
f
current f
r
o
m
battery to
panel
wh
en t
he pa
nel i
s
not
prod
uci
ong a
n
y powe
r
. From the battery it is conne
ct
ed to an inve
rter. The role
of the inverte
r
is
to conve
r
t DC-A
C. It is very much impo
rtant
be
cau
s
e
the PLC
whi
c
h i
s
empl
oyed only
works o
n
AC.
Relay is
employed to interf
ac
e the
c
i
rc
uit with
the grid.It is
ess
e
ntia
l to have grid
s
u
pply
so a
s
to conti
nue the in
cu
b
a
tion process even wh
en t
he pan
el is
n
o
t able to pro
duce po
we
r d
u
e
to lack of
sol
a
r irra
diation.
It is very e
s
sentia
l to
con
t
rol the tem
p
eratu
r
e in
sid
e
the in
cu
bat
or.If
the temperat
ure i
s
l
e
ss or more it will
affect the
hat
c
hing efficiency. Similerly i
t
is important
to
maintain the
humidity insi
de the incubator. So as
to p
e
rform
the
s
e
action
s
we h
a
d
employe
d
t
w
o
sen
s
o
r
s n
a
m
e
ly Temp
erature
sen
s
or (T
S) an
d
Humi
d
i
ty sen
s
o
r
(HS). Thi
s
coul
d
be
seen
cl
ea
rly
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
De
sign a
nd Im
plem
entation of PV Poultry In
cubato
r
Usi
ng PLC
(Nithin T Abrah
a
m
)
4901
from the blo
c
k diag
ram of t
he poult
r
y incubator.
So th
e PLC receives the
s
e
sen
s
ed o
u
tputs from
the sen
s
o
r
s and will a
c
tivate the fan, heater
or th
e
water
sp
rin
k
ler a
c
cordi
ngl
y. If the sensed
temperature i
s
m
o
re then the
cont
roller
will activate t
he fan so as
t
o
control
the t
e
mperature and
if the temperature is less then it will activa
te the heater so as to mainta
in the requi
red
temperature.I
f
the h
u
midit
y
insid
e
the
incu
bator
i
s
t
o
be
mai
n
tai
ned th
en
the
co
ntroll
er wi
ll
activate the water sp
rin
k
le
r so a
s
to cont
rol the humidit
y inside the in
cub
a
tor.
Figure 1. Block di
agram of
solar p
oultry
incu
bator
The flowcha
r
t
of the project
developme
n
t is giv
en in figure 2. It gives the complete
idea abo
ut
the variou
s st
eps a
c
hi
eved
, checke
d in the develo
p
m
ent of the wh
ole proj
ect fro
m
the starting
to
the end.
Figure 2. Flowchart of the
proje
c
t devel
opment
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 7, July 201
4: 4900 – 49
04
4902
3. Materials
Requir
e
d
The mai
n
bo
dy of the incubator i
s
ma
de u
s
ing
wo
od and i
n
sul
a
tion mate
rial
so a
s
to
prevent he
at losse
s
and to have a safe e
n
vironm
ent
for the hatchi
n
g
of eggs. It is
very importan
t
to maintain t
he tempe
r
atu
r
e an
d humi
d
ity inside th
e incubato
r
, so
we keep
on che
ckin
g
the
temperature
and
humidity
and th
ere
b
y
kee
p
the
s
e
value
s
o
n
a
d
e
sired
ra
nge
whi
c
h i
s
pe
rfectly
suitabl
e for t
he in
cub
a
tion
of egg
s. It is al
so im
p
o
rt
ant to turn th
e egg
ra
cket so that
we
can
prevent
sticki
ng of the eg
g
yoke to the
shell
and h
e
n
c
e
we
can
su
pply uniform heat to the e
gg.
Usually the e
gg racket
sho
u
ld be tu
rn
ed
3-4 time
s
a
day. So be
ca
use
of this th
e emb
r
yo will
get
cente
r
ed i
n
the egg. T
he
prop
osed in
cubator i
s
de
si
gned in
su
ch
a mann
er tha
t
turning off e
gg
racket i
s
don
e man
ually. It co
uld al
so
b
e
do
ne in
an
automated
m
anne
r. While
placi
ng the
e
gg
we should m
a
rk the e
gg so that we ca
n identify
the two side
s an
d this will hel
p in placin
g the
egg after
tu
rn
ing
e
gg ra
cket
in
the
correct
p
o
sitio
n
. Und
e
r
any circum
stan
ce
s we sh
ould
ne
ver
open th
e in
cubator until h
a
tchin
g
p
r
o
c
ess is compl
e
t
ed. Thi
s
i
s
very impo
rta
n
t so
as to h
a
ve
high in
cub
a
tion efficie
n
cy.
The la
st 3 d
a
ys of the
co
mplete cy
cle
we
sho
u
ld n
o
t turn the e
gg
rack
et.
Four facto
r
s are of m
a
j
o
r im
porta
nce in i
n
cubati
ng e
g
g
s
a
r
ti
ficially: temp
eratu
r
e,
humidity, ven
t
ilation an
d t
u
rnin
g. Of th
ese
facto
r
s, tempe
r
ature i
s
the
mo
st
critical.
Ho
wev
e
r,
humidity tend
s to
be
overl
ooked
and
causes many
hatchi
ng
pro
b
l
ems. Exten
s
i
v
e re
sea
r
ch
has
sho
w
n
that the o
p
timum i
n
cu
bator tem
peratu
r
e
is 1
00°F wh
en relative
humi
d
ity
is
60 pe
rcent.
Con
c
e
n
tratio
ns of oxygen
shoul
d be a
bove
20 pe
rcent, carbon
dioxide shoul
d be belo
w
0.5
percent, and
air moveme
nt past the egg
sh
o
u
ld be 1
2
cubi
c feet per minute.
4. Heat loa
d
of the po
ultr
y
incubator
I
n
determ
i
nin
g
the he
at lo
a
d
of
t
he
P
V
pou
lt
r
y
eg
g
in
cub
a
to
r
,
t
he f
o
l
l
owin
g
a
s
su
m
p
tion
s
wer
e
m
ade:
stea
dy
sta
t
e co
n
d
i
t
io
n
ex
ists, o
ne
dim
e
ns
i
ona
l hea
t
f
l
ow
p
r
ev
ail
s
,
incubator
m
a
ter
i
al
s h
a
v
e
co
nstan
t
the
r
m
a
l
con
d
u
c
t
iv
i
t
y
,
the incub
a
to
r
i
s
a clo
s
e
d
sy
stem
at
con
s
t
ant
tem
per
a
t
ur
e
.
Table 1 sho
w
s the wet bul
b readi
ng at variou
s in
cub
a
t
or tempe
r
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
hea
t
ba
la
n
c
e e
qua
tion
of th
e
in
cuba
to
r ch
am
b
e
r
w
a
s
e
s
t
i
m
a
te
d by
Qload = Qpv
+ Qegg – Q
c
nd – Qcnv
Qload
= He
at load of the incub
a
tor, W
Qpv = Heat suppli
ed by PV panels, W
Qegg
= He
at sup
p
lie
s due
to metabolic
action
s of eg
g, W
Qcn
d
= Heat loss by con
d
u
c
tion thro
ugh
incu
bator
wall
s
Qcnv =
Heat l
o
ss throu
gh a
i
r conve
c
tion
Table 1. Wet bulb re
adin
g
at various te
mperature
s
Inc
u
bator
T
e
mp
er
a
t
ur
e
Wet Bulb Re
ading
s
100
0
F
81.3
83.3
85.3
87.3
89.0
90.7
101
0
F
82.2
84.2
86.2
88.2
90.0
91.7
102
0
F
83.0
85.0
87.0
89.0
91.0
92.7
Percent
Relativ
e
Humidity
45% 50%
55% 60%
65%
70%
Estimation of battery si
ze is calculated. An
operating voltage of 220
V was
sele
cted for the
desi
gn.
I
d
=De
s
ign cu
rre
nt,
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
De
sign a
nd Im
plem
entation of PV Poultry In
cubato
r
Usi
ng PLC
(Nithin T Abrah
a
m
)
4903
Off-Sunshine
perio
d of 16 h
ours of duty cycle
of 7 days was
con
s
id
ered. The amp
e
re
-ho
u
r
discha
rge
rat
e
of battery was calculated
usin
g the followin
g
equati
on.
∗
∗
Corre
c
ted am
pere
-
h
our p
e
r day taking in
to con
s
ide
r
ati
on the losse
d
through
wire and efficie
n
cy
of battery wa
s cal
c
ul
ated a
s
∗
.
∗
.
The ca
pa
city of energy sto
r
age battery was then d
e
termined by
∗
∗
4. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
ons
T
he p
e
rfo
r
m
a
nce
ev
alu
a
t
i
o
n
of the
ph
otov
ol
tai
c
(
P
V)
powe
r
e
d
incu
b
a
to
r wa
s
co
ndu
ct
ed.
T
he incub
a
to
r
wa
s
ini
t
i
a
l
l
y run em
pty without
eg
g
s
.
T
h
i
s
w
a
s
d
one
so a
s
to
en
sure
th
at
the
lev
e
l
of
the
ope
r
a
t
i
ng m
i
cro ele
m
ents
-
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
nd
rel
a
t
i
v
e
hum
id
ity
of
th
e i
n
cubat
ion
ch
am
ber
we
r
e
r
i
g
h
t
.
T
h
e
i
n
cuba
to
r
was th
e
n
lo
a
d
e
d
with
ferti
l
i
s
e
d
p
o
u
l
t
r
y
e
g
g
s
for
a pe
r
i
od of twe
n
ty
one
day
s an
d
r
epl
ic
ate
d
three
tim
e
s.
The eg
g
s
we
r
e
tu
r
n
e
d
pe
r
i
od
ica
lly
an
d
m
a
nual
ly.
T
h
is wa
s to
n
o
s
t
ick
i
ng
of
th
e eg
g
y
o
k
s
on
th
e
she
l
l
.
B
e
for
e
load
ing
the e
g
g
s
candli
n
g
was con
d
u
c
t
ed
to a
s
cer
t
ia
n the
c
o
ndi
ti
on
of
t
he
egg
s.T
h
is
wa
s
r
e
pe
ate
d
on
the
se
v
enth, fou
r
t
enth a
nd
e
i
g
h
te
enth d
a
y
s
of
the
i
n
cuba
t
i
on
perio
d. A
t
two
d
a
y
s
to
wa
rd
s th
e e
n
d
of
the
twe
n
ty o
ne
day
s
incu
ba
t
i
on p
e
riod
the
eg
g
s
sta
r
t
e
d
hat
ching
.
T
h
e
h
a
tch
ed
day old ch
ick
s
are
Fig 3
as
sh
o
w
n the
incub
a
to
r
ch
am
b
e
r.
Figure 2. Solar hatched d
a
y
old chicks insid
e
incubat
or
Table
2
gives the i
n
cubatio
n pe
rio
d
requ
ired
for hat
ch
ing e
g
g
s
of o
t
her
sp
eci
e
s.
Energy
has al
way
s
been a
n
imp
o
rtant issu
e among
scien
t
ists and p
o
li
cy makers.Seeki
ng a via
b
le
alternative e
n
e
rgy source
has al
way
s
b
een the
cent
re of attention
particularly i
n
the agri
c
ult
u
ral
se
ctor.
H
arne
ssi
ng
sola
r e
nergy h
a
s
be
en gaini
ng
si
gnifica
nce as a new
and
continuo
us
su
pply
of alternative
powe
r
sou
r
ce, which see
m
s to
have
an an
swer to
freque
nt po
wer
co
nst
r
ai
nts
faced by farmers. Contin
uou
s po
we
r sup
p
ly is a
b
oon to ryots,
espe
cially in
regio
n
s affe
cte
d
with fre
que
nt elect
r
icity fa
ilure.So fa
r
solar
ene
rgy
has bee
n u
s
ed for lightin
g lamp
s
and
for
coo
k
in
g food
. Recently it has al
so
b
een utilised
in the poultry secto
r
.
Th
e co
st of these
incu
bators m
a
y vary between Rs.50, 0
00 and
Rs. 6
0
,000.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 7, July 201
4: 4900 – 49
04
4904
Table 2. Incu
bation pe
riod
s of other
spe
c
ie
s
Incub
a
tion Pe
riod
s (spe
cie
s
and d
a
ys re
quire
d to hatch)
Bo
b
w
h
i
te
Qua
il
(
2
4)
G
u
in
ea
(
3
7)
C
h
ic
ken (
2
1)
Musc
ovy
D
u
ck
(
3
1)
Chu
k
a
r
Partri
dge
(28
)
Pheasants
(30
)
C
o
tu
rn
ix Q
u
a
i
l
(
1
8)
O
s
tr
ic
h
(
4
0)
Du
ck
s
(28
)
Swan
(38
)
4. Conclusio
n
A solar po
ul
try incubato
r
desig
n whi
c
h is autom
ated usi
ng PL
C is p
r
opo
se
d in this
pape
r whi
c
h
will make a reveloution in
the poultry in
cub
a
tion field
and will re
du
ce the u
s
ag
e
o
f
power fro
m
convetional m
e
thod of
gen
eration a
nd t
h
is mo
del co
uld be u
s
ed
mainly by farmers
in rural
a
r
ea
s
whe
r
e
gri
d
su
pply i
s
no
t available
all
the time.
Th
is m
odel
re
d
u
ce
s th
e p
o
w
er
usa
ge from 7
5
% compa
r
e
d
to conventi
onal gri
d
fed poultry incub
a
tor.
Referen
ces
[1]
J
.
W. I. Okonkw
o
,
and O. C. Chuk
w
u
ezie.
Char
acteri
z
a
ti
o
n
of
a P
hotov
oltaic
Pow
e
re
d
Pou
l
try Eg
g
Incubator
[2]
Abiola SS (19
99).
Effects o
f
turning
freque
ncy o
f
hen’
s eggs
in ele
c
tric
table
type
incu
bator on
w
e
ight loss, ha
tchability and
mortality
. Niger. Agri
c. J. 30:
77-82.
[3]
W
.
I
.
O
k
o
n
k
w
o
.
De
si
gn
o
f
so
l
a
r
E
n
er
g
y
E
g
g I
n
c
u
b
a
t
o
r
.
U
n
p
l
i
s
he
d
und
e
r
gr
a
d
u
a
t
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
,
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
nt
o
f
Ag
r
i
cu
lt
u
r
al
E
n
g
i
nee
r
i
n
g
, U
n
i
v
er
sit
y
o
f
Ag
r
i
cu
ltu
r
e, Ma
ku
r
d
i,
Niger
ia.
1
9
8
9
.
[
4
]
O.
P
.
Ezief
u
lu
.
So
lar
Ener
g
y
P
o
w
e
r
ed P
o
u
l
tr
y
Eg
g
I
n
c
u
b
a
t
o
r
w
i
th Ker
o
se
n
e
H
e
a
t
er
.
Fi
n
a
l Yea
r
P
r
o
j
e
c
t,
D
e
p
t.
of
Ag
ri
cul
t
u
r
a
l
a
n
d
Bi
or
e
s
ou
rces En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
of
N
i
g
e
ria
,
N
s
u
k
ka
.
2005.
[
5
]
A
.
H.
L
o
u
r
en
s.
va
n
d
en
B
r
an
d
,
R
.
Me
ij
er
h
o
f
,
an
d
B
.
Kem
p
Ef
f
e
c
t
of Egg
Si
z
e
o
n
H
e
at P
r
o
d
u
c
ti
on
a
n
d
th
eT
r
a
n
s
itio
n
o
f
En
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
E
g
g
to
Hatc
h
l
i
n
g
.
P
o
u
l
t.
Sci
.
200
5,
8
3
:705
-
7
1
2
.
[6] Nithi
n T
Ab
raham, K.Vi
not
h Kum
a
r, S.Su
resh K
u
mar, Vi
ck
y
J
o
se, D
o
n
a
Mari
a Mat
h
e
w
,
“SA
R
Al
gorit
h
m
Method i
n
Ph
o
t
ovoltaic Syste
m
s Usi
ng MPP
T
”
, Internatio
n
a
l Jour
nal
of Po
w
e
r El
ectroni
cs and Driv
e
s
S
y
stem (IJPED
S), Vol 3, No
4, Dec 201
3, pp. 438-
443.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.