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:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2018
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7
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742
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n
r
ate
(
S
A
R
)
o
f
a
P
I
FA
is
co
n
d
u
c
ted
in
co
r
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
v
ar
ied
an
ten
n
a
g
ain
a
n
d
ex
cita
tio
n
p
o
w
er
.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
AND
P
ARAM
E
T
RIC S
T
UDY
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
I
F
A
a
n
ten
n
a
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
.
1
.
T
h
e
P
I
F
A
a
n
te
n
n
a
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
;
s
er
v
e
as
a
r
ad
iatin
g
ele
m
e
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
to
p
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
P
I
FA
an
te
n
n
a
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
t
h
eo
r
etica
l e
x
p
r
ess
i
o
n
[
10
]
:
Lp
+
Wp
=
4
⁄
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
L
p
an
d
W
p
ar
e
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
w
id
t
h
an
d
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
p
atch
.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
i
s
th
e
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
th
at
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
3
)
:
=
(
√
)
⁄
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
c,
f
an
d
e
ar
e
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
lig
h
t,
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
e
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
(
4
)
[
11
]
-
[
13
]
:
=
+
1
2
+
−
1
2
1
√
1
+
12
Wp
⁄
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
d
an
d
r
ar
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
th
ick
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
i
tti
v
i
t
y
.
A
s
h
o
r
tin
g
p
late
h
as a
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
W
s
x
L
s
x
T
s
.
W
h
er
e,
W
s
,
L
s
an
d
T
s
ar
e
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
w
id
t
h
,
len
g
t
h
an
d
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
s
h
o
r
ti
n
g
p
late.
T
h
e
s
h
o
r
tin
g
p
late
is
lo
ca
ted
o
n
th
e
lef
t sid
e
o
f
th
e
P
I
FA
a
n
te
n
n
a,
w
h
ic
h
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
th
e
p
atc
h
an
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e.
A
co
ax
ial
f
ee
d
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
u
t
ilized
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
t
h
at
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
clo
s
e
to
th
e
to
p
lef
t o
f
t
h
e
P
I
FA
an
ten
n
a,
w
h
ich
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
th
e
b
e
s
t p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
I
FA
an
ten
n
a
i
s
R
o
g
er
s
R
O4
0
0
3
C
w
it
h
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t o
f
3
.
3
8
,
th
ick
n
es
s
o
f
0
.
5
0
8
m
m
,
co
n
d
u
cto
r
co
atin
g
o
f
0
.
0
1
7
m
m
an
d
tan
g
e
n
t lo
s
s
o
f
0
.
0
0
2
7
.
Sev
er
al
p
ar
am
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
an
d
o
p
ti
m
iz
atio
n
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
r
esu
l
tin
g
i
n
th
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
an
ten
n
a
p
atch
o
f
5
.
8
8
m
m
(
W
p
)
x
1
3
.
6
4
m
m
(
L
p
)
an
d
s
h
o
r
ti
n
g
p
late
s
ize
o
f
0
.
5
9
5
m
m
(
L
s
)
x
2
m
m
(
W
s
)
x
1
m
m
(
T
s
)
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
s
ize
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
is
5
5
m
m
x
5
5
m
m
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
ST
L
a
y
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
I
FA
An
te
n
n
a
: (
a)
T
o
p
Vie
w
a
n
d
(
b
)
P
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
Vie
w
A
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
is
co
n
d
u
c
t
ed
o
n
s
ev
er
al
an
te
n
n
a
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
s
ize
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
p
atc
h
,
s
h
o
r
ti
n
g
p
late,
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e.
T
h
e
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
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n
a
n
d
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R
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f
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th
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ated
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to
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7
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GHz
.
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h
u
s
,
a
f
e
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p
ar
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etr
ic
s
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d
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s
h
a
v
e
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ted
to
ad
j
u
s
t
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
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eq
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en
c
y
to
w
ar
d
s
2
.
6
GHz
an
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
ai
m
o
f
2
d
B
g
a
in
.
Fir
s
tl
y
,
t
h
e
w
id
th
o
f
s
h
o
r
ti
n
g
p
late,
W
s
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
1
2
to
2
m
m
,
w
h
ile
f
i
x
i
n
g
t
h
e
L
s
an
d
T
s
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
to
th
e
r
es
p
ec
tiv
e
0
.
5
9
5
m
m
a
n
d
1
m
m
.
Mi
n
i
m
u
m
2
m
m
h
as
tak
en
i
n
to
d
elib
er
atio
n
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
f
ab
r
icatio
n
li
m
ita
tio
n
.
Fi
g
.
2
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
w
id
th
o
f
s
h
o
r
tin
g
p
late,
W
s
an
d
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
b
est
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
W
s
af
ter
th
e
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
s
t
u
d
y
is
2
m
m
,
w
h
ic
h
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
s
h
i
f
ted
t
o
a
lo
w
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
3
.
1
8
G
Hz.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
lin
e
p
at
h
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
w
it
h
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
s
h
o
r
ti
n
g
p
late
w
id
t
h
th
a
t le
ad
s
to
th
e
d
ec
r
e
m
en
t o
f
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
[
14
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
a)
R
eso
n
an
t
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
v
er
s
u
s
S
h
o
r
t P
late
W
id
th
; (
b
)
R
eso
n
an
t Fr
eq
u
e
n
c
y
v
er
s
u
s
P
atch
L
e
n
g
th
Af
ter
w
ar
d
,
th
e
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atch
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te
n
n
a
l
en
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h
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p
i
s
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ied
f
r
o
m
8
.
2
t
o
1
4
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m
,
w
h
ile
it
s
w
id
t
h
,
W
p
is
f
i
x
ed
at
5
.
8
8
m
m
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
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i
n
ce
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
atc
h
len
g
t
h
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
.
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
ep
ict
th
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
p
atch
le
n
g
t
h
h
as
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
ed
in
lo
w
er
in
g
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
.
A
s
P
I
F
A
is
a
q
u
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ter
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g
t
h
an
te
n
n
a,
h
en
ce
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
i
ze
o
f
an
ten
n
a
p
atch
,
th
e
w
a
v
ele
n
g
th
i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
w
h
i
ch
ca
u
s
e
s
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
to
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
as
p
r
o
v
en
f
r
o
m
eq
u
atio
n
(
2
)
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
a
l
le
n
g
th
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
p
atch
i
s
1
1
.
8
m
m
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
ated
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
2
.
6
GHz
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
at
th
i
s
o
p
ti
m
al
le
n
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a,
L
p
,
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
h
as
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
1
d
B
g
ain
,
w
h
ic
h
lo
w
er
th
an
t
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
2
d
B
.
T
h
u
s
,
f
u
r
th
er
p
ar
am
e
tr
ic
s
t
u
d
y
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
o
b
tain
th
e
h
ig
h
er
an
te
n
n
a
g
ai
n
.
T
h
e
w
id
t
h
,
W
an
d
len
g
t
h
,
L
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
ar
e
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
3
0
m
m
to
5
5
m
m
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
g
ai
n
.
Fi
g
.
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
5
3
m
m
x
5
3
m
m
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
h
as
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
g
ain
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
w
h
ich
is
2
.
3
8
3
d
B
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
.
6
GHz
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
I
FA
an
te
n
n
a
is
s
h
i
f
ted
to
2
.
8
GHz
.
T
h
u
s
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
i
s
co
n
d
u
cted
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
th
e
s
ize
o
f
p
atch
len
g
th
,
L
p
,
w
h
il
e
m
a
in
ta
in
i
n
g
th
e
w
id
th
o
f
p
a
tch
,
W
p
at
5
.
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10
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2018
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7
4
1
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4
7
744
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I
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4752
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d
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n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
y
2018
:
7
4
1
–
7
4
7
746
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g
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T
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p
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–
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2
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2
.
[3
]
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.
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.
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n
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d
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.
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0
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1
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[4
]
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.
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m
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.
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r,
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J.
S
h
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r
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tu
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]
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g
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t.
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f
.
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5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ic
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p
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[7
]
F
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d
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ra
l
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m
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ica
ti
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o
m
m
i
ss
io
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,
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lu
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.
[8
]
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A
.
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ias
,
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t
a
l.
"
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v
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fo
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d
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."
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ter
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t
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rn
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trica
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[9
]
IEE
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tan
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k
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0
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H.
T
.
Ch
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tt
h
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H
u
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n
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.
Z
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u
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a
n
d
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L
u
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n
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m
p
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a
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c
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rted
-
F
a
n
ten
n
a
s,”
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E
An
ten
n
a
s
W
ire
l.
Pro
p
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g
.
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e
tt
.
,
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l.
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,
p
p
.
8
5
6
–
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6
0
,
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0
0
9
.
[1
1
]
D.
M
.
P
o
z
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r
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M
icr
o
wa
v
e
e
n
g
in
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g
.
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h
n
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il
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y
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n
s,
2
0
0
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2
]
S
.
El
a
j
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i
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A
.
T
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o
u
a
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,
A
.
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rrk
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A
.
S
a
n
c
h
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z
a
n
d
M.
L
a
trac
h
.
“
M
icro
str
ip
re
c
tan
g
u
lar
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
w
it
h
d
e
f
e
c
ted
g
ro
u
n
d
f
o
r
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B
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
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c
trica
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n
d
C
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mp
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g
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g
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IJ
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)
,
v
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l.
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,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
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2
0
2
7
-
35
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
B.
G
a
r
g
,
D.
S
a
lee
m
.
“
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
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d
o
u
b
le
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m
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ta
m
a
teria
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stru
c
tu
re
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m
e
li
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ti
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in
p
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a
n
ten
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a
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
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”
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ll
e
ti
n
o
f
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e
c
trica
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n
g
in
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a
n
d
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n
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rm
a
t
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2
0
1
3
(
BE
EI)
;
2
(
4
):
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7
8
-
2
8
5
.
[1
4
]
H.
Ch
e
n
,
Y.
L
in
,
P
.
C
h
e
n
g
,
H.
L
in
,
C.
T
.
P
.
S
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
P
.
S
.
Ha
ll
,
“
Pa
r
a
me
tric
stu
d
y
o
n
th
e
c
h
a
ra
c
ter
isti
c
s
o
f
p
la
n
a
r
in
v
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d
-
F
a
n
ten
n
a
,”
IEE
P
r
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c
e
e
d
in
g
s
-
M
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w
a
v
e
s,
A
n
te
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
ro
p
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g
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ti
o
n
,
v
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l.
1
5
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
3
4
–
5
3
8
,
2
0
0
5
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
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RS
Nu
ru
l
In
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irah
M
o
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d
Ra
z
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stu
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tri
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En
g
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f
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Co
m
m
u
n
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ti
o
n
Ce
n
tre
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
.
In
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irah
h
a
s
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o
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p
lete
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h
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re
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in
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tri
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in
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e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
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e
rsiti
Te
k
n
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lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
r
c
u
rre
n
t
a
re
a
o
f
in
tere
st i
s in
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p
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if
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b
s
o
rp
ti
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Ra
te (S
A
R)
in
v
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stig
a
ti
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o
n
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IF
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a
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ten
n
a
.
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d
a
h
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e
m
a
n
re
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e
i
v
e
d
th
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g
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in
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e
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tri
c
a
l
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g
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e
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rin
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le
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o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s)
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
,
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h
o
r,
M
a
lay
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,
in
2
0
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3
a
n
d
M
.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
RF
/M
icro
w
a
v
e
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
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n
s
f
ro
m
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
o
f
Qu
e
e
n
sla
n
d
,
Brisb
a
n
e
,
S
t.
L
u
c
ia,
Qld
.
,
A
u
s
tralia,
in
2
0
0
5
.
I
n
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
0
9
,
s
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
a
t
T
h
e
Un
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e
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y
o
f
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e
e
n
sla
n
d
.
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n
2
0
0
3
,
sh
e
w
a
s
a
n
En
g
in
e
e
r
w
it
h
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o
to
r
o
la
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
P
e
n
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
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,
w
h
e
re
sh
e
w
a
s
in
v
o
lv
e
d
w
it
h
th
e
RF
a
n
d
m
icro
wa
v
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
tes
ti
n
g
.
Cu
r
re
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
a
A
s
so
c
ica
te
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tre
(
W
CC),
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
c
o
n
c
e
rn
t
h
e
d
e
sig
n
o
f
m
icro
wa
v
e
c
ircu
it
s
f
o
r
b
io
m
e
d
ica
l
a
n
d
in
d
u
strial
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
sp
e
c
if
ic
a
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
ra
te
(S
A
R),
U
WB
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
a
n
d
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
Nu
r
Ilh
a
m
A
li
y
a
a
b
in
ti
Ish
a
k
w
a
s
b
o
rn
o
n
9
t
h
Ja
n
u
a
ry
1
9
8
9
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
S
a
in
s
M
a
l
a
y
sia
,
P
u
lau
P
in
a
n
g
,
in
2
0
1
2
,
w
h
e
re
a
s
M
.
S
c
in
P
h
y
sic
s
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
lay
sia
T
e
re
n
g
g
a
n
u
in
2
0
1
5
.
He
r
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
m
u
lt
ip
le
a
n
ten
n
a
s
f
o
r
M
IM
O
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
in
tera
c
ti
o
n
w
it
h
h
u
m
a
n
a
n
d
E
M
f
ield
a
b
so
r
p
ti
o
n
(
S
A
R).
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