Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
8
,
p
p.
655
~
659
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v9.i
3
.
pp
655
-
659
655
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Powe
r Harvestin
g Using
Piezo
electric Sho
e
For E
xternal Po
wer St
orage
Moham
ma
d Saf
fri M
az
ala
n
,
Rosli
na M
oham
ad
, M
uriz
ah
K
as
sim
,
Sh
ahrani
Sh
ah
b
u
din
Fakult
i
K
ej
urut
e
ra
an El
ekt
rik
,
U
nive
rsiti T
eknologi
MA
RA,
404
50
Shah
Alam,
Sela
ngor
,
Ma
lay
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
2
4
, 201
7
Re
vised
Dec
2
7
, 2
01
7
Accepte
d
Ja
n
1
6
, 2
01
8
The
d
emands
f
or
porta
b
le
energ
y
sour
ce
h
av
e
in
creased
be
c
ause
m
ost
porta
bl
e
el
e
ct
ro
nic
device
nee
ds
the
ext
ra
en
erg
y
throughout
th
e
da
y
due
to
the
user’s
inc
r
e
ase
in
power
c
onsum
pti
on.
He
nce
,
a
piezoe
lectr
i
c
power
har
vesti
ng
shoe
ci
rc
u
it
with
stor
age
m
ec
han
ism
ca
pab
il
i
ti
es
is
d
esigne
d
b
y
using
pie
zoele
c
t
ric
disc
m
at
erial
,
1N4007
b
ridge
re
ct
if
ie
rs,
US
B
ca
bl
es,
and
an
ext
ern
al
power
storage
.
Pie
zo
el
e
ct
ri
c
disc
m
at
eri
a
l
of
27mm a
nd
35
mm
in
size
tha
t
produc
es
AC
voltage
when
applied
pr
essure
is
embed
ded
in
shoe
’
insole
and
th
e
o
utput
AC
volt
ag
e
is
conve
r
te
d
u
sing
a
bridge
r
e
ct
ifier
fo
r
ea
ch
m
a
te
ri
al.
T
he
output
is
con
nec
t
ed
to
a
US
B
ca
bl
e
and
ca
n
b
e
connect
ed
to
the
externa
l
power
storage
d
uring
power
h
ar
vesti
ng.
Di
ffe
re
nt
size
s
of
pie
zo
el
e
ct
ri
c
d
isc
produc
e
d
iffe
r
ent
amount
of
v
olt
ag
e
and
ar
e
a
lso
aff
e
cted
b
y
th
e
pre
ss
ure
appl
i
ed
to
i
t
.
An
amount
of
5V
is
the
re
quir
ements
nee
ded
to
cha
rge
an
ex
te
rn
al
device
.
Th
e
27m
m
disc
produ
ce
s
a
volt
ag
e
of
3V
to
5V
depe
nding
on
t
he
pre
ss
ure
app
li
ed
whil
e
th
e
35m
m
disc
pro
duce
s
4V
to
6.
2V.
Pie
zoe
l
ect
ric
disc
m
at
er
ia
l
is
an
a
lt
ern
ative wa
y
to
har
v
est
e
ner
g
y
when
embedde
d
to
a
shoe
with
an
add
ed
storage
ca
p
ab
il
ity
as
it
solv
es
the
probl
em
of
nee
d
ing the
e
xtra
ene
rg
y
for e
le
c
troni
c
dev
ic
es
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Piez
oelect
ric
Po
ly
vin
yl
ide
ne
d
ifl
uoride
Power ha
rv
e
sti
ng
Power st
orage
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Rosli
na
M
oh
a
m
ad
,
Fakult
i Keju
ru
t
eraan
Elektri
k
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i M
ARA
40450 S
hah A
l
a
m
, S
el
ango
r,
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
:
ro
sli
na780@sala
m
.u
it
m
.ed
u.
m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Piez
oelect
ric
m
at
erial
gen
er
at
es
vo
lt
age
w
hen
a
m
echan
ic
al
stress
is
app
li
ed
an
d
was
disco
ver
e
d
by
the
Jacq
ues
a
nd
Pier
re
C
ur
ie
brothe
rs
in
18
80
[
1].
Piez
oel
ect
ric
ceram
ic
s
is
a
ferr
oelect
ric
m
a
te
rial
that
has
sp
onta
neous
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
.
The
m
at
er
ia
l
m
ay
un
dergo
m
echan
ic
al
defo
rm
ation
wh
e
n
a
n
el
ect
r
ic
fiel
d
is
app
li
ed
.
Mo
st
cryst
al
or
sol
id
has
a
sym
m
et
rical
rep
eat
ing
ar
ra
ng
em
ent
of
at
om
s.
Fo
r
a
m
at
erial
t
o
ex
hib
it
piezoelec
tric
it
y;
i
t
req
uires
the
cryst
al
to
hav
e
no
center
of
sym
m
et
ry.
The
at
om
s
ins
ide
the
piezoel
ect
ric
cryst
al
hav
e
ba
la
nced
el
ect
ri
cal
charges
a
nd
are
el
ect
ri
cal
ly
neu
tral
.
If
t
he
str
uctu
r
e
forcef
ully
unde
r
go
defor
m
at
ion
,
t
he
neg
at
ive
a
nd
posit
ive
is
i
m
balance
th
us
ca
us
in
g
el
e
ct
rical
charges
of
net
posit
ive
a
nd
neg
at
ive
cha
rges
ap
pear
on
oute
r
par
t
of
t
he
cryst
al
[2
]
.
T
he
am
bient
vib
r
at
ion
is
tra
ns
f
orm
ed
into
el
ect
rical
energy a
nd is s
tore
d
to
po
wer
up elec
tro
nic
de
vices a
nd r
e
quires
no e
xter
na
l vo
lt
ag
e s
our
ces.
Mult
iple
de
ve
lop
m
ents
of
pi
ezoele
ct
ric
po
wer
ha
rv
est
in
g
em
bed
ded
i
n
sh
oe
has
bee
n
done
as
an
al
te
rn
at
ing
po
wer
s
ource
as
it
can
extract
a
m
bient
vib
ra
ti
on
an
d
c
onve
rts
it
into
el
ect
rical
char
ge
s
wh
e
n
m
echan
ic
al
stress
is
app
li
ed
to
it
.
Fo
r
insta
nc
e,
the
si
m
ulatio
n
an
d
ex
pe
rim
ental
resu
lt
s
of
e
nergy
harv
est
in
g
ci
rcu
it
an
d
eff
i
ci
ency
of
the
e
xtracted
am
bient
vibrat
ion
e
ne
rg
y
by
le
ad
zi
rconate
ti
ta
nate
(
)
al
so
cal
le
d
PZT
,
in
te
rm
s
of
el
ect
rical
vo
lt
ages
durin
g
sin
gle
ste
p
an
d
c
on
ti
nuous
w
al
king
for
a
pe
rio
d
of
tim
e
has
bee
n
do
ne
[3
]
.
By
placi
ng
piezoelec
tric
e
lem
ents
on
vari
ou
s
l
o
cat
ions
of
t
he
shoe
s
ol
e
and
ap
plied
t
he
sam
e
pr
ess
ure
the
m
axi
m
u
m
vo
lt
age
le
vel
is
reco
r
de
d
by
us
i
ng
a
dig
it
al
m
ulti
m
e
te
r.
Plac
ing
the
piezoel
ect
ric
under
th
e
toes
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
655
–
659
656
pro
vid
es
t
he
m
axim
u
m
vo
lt
age
by
the
si
ng
le
i
m
pact
com
par
e
to
placi
ng
it
unde
r
heel,
s
ol
e
a
nd
a
rea
bet
ween
toes a
nd so
le
.
Po
ly
vin
yl
ide
ne
diflu
ori
de
(
P
VDF)
is
al
so
a
ty
pe
of
piezoelec
tric
m
at
e
rial
that
has
con
si
der
a
ble
flexibili
ty
,
good
sta
bili
ty
,
and
is
easy
to
handle
an
d
s
ha
pe.
If
a
rese
arch
e
r
co
ns
i
de
rs
the
hu
m
an
m
ot
ion
char
act
e
risti
cs
of
high
am
plitu
de
an
d
lo
w
f
reque
ncy,
P
V
DF
is
m
or
e
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
f
or
wear
a
ble
ap
pli
cat
ion
s
than
P
ZT.
PVDF
has
been
use
d
in
wea
rab
l
e
energy
ha
r
ve
ste
rs
an
d
im
ple
m
ented
in
s
ho
e
[4
]
.
When
a
f
or
ce
i
s
app
li
ed
on t
he uppe
r plat
e, th
e upp
e
r plat
e is p
us
he
d d
own
t
hu
s
stretc
hi
ng t
he
P
V
DF
lay
er
on one
ax
is.
Due t
o
the
de
f
or
m
at
ion
of
the
la
ye
r
,
el
ect
ro
ns
are
now
im
balance
and
acc
um
ulated
in
the
up
per
an
d
l
ow
e
r
si
de
of
the
la
ye
r
[5
]
.
Anothe
r
ap
pro
ach
of
ene
rg
y
harvesti
ng
by
walkin
g
is
by
us
in
g
both
the
PZT
an
d
the
P
VDF
m
a
te
rial
c
om
bin
ed.
En
erg
y
is
ext
racted
from
fo
ot
s
trikin
g
a
nd
fla
tt
ens
the
cu
rved,
pre
-
st
resse
d
s
pr
i
ng
m
et
al
strip
s
lam
inate
d
with
a
sem
i
-
flexi
ble
form
of
PZT
unde
r
the
heel
w
hile
a
m
ul
ti
lami
nar
PVDF
bim
or
ph
sta
ve
m
ou
nted
un
der
the
inso
le
[
6].
At
walkin
g
s
pe
ed,
the
P
V
DF
sta
ve
ge
ner
at
e
s
an
ave
rag
e
powe
r
of
1.3m
W
in
a
250
-
kΩ
l
oad
a
t
a
0.9
-
Hz
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
C
ontr
ariwise,
t
he
P
ZT
dim
or
ph
ge
ner
at
es
a
n
a
ve
rag
e
of
8.4
m
W
in
a
500
-
kΩ
l
oad
unde
r
ide
ntica
l
act
ivit
y.
The
s
tride
as
pects
a
re
sig
nificant
i
n
these
plo
ts
.
The
huge
in
cr
e
ase
in
powe
r
at
certai
n
po
i
nts
in
dica
te
s
the
dev
ic
e’
s
acce
le
rated
init
ia
l
bendin
g
or
com
pr
essio
n.
Me
a
nwhile
,
w
he
n
the
walke
r
m
ov
e
casuall
y
an
d
sh
ifts
his
we
igh
t
to
the
op
posit
e
foot,
sm
a
ll
er
rise
are
observ
e
d
re
prese
nting
trans
du
ce
r rene
wal [
6].
Most
of
t
he
r
esearch
fo
c
us
e
s
on
the
gen
e
r
at
ion
of
ene
rgy
by
walkin
g
bu
t
does
no
t
c
on
s
er
ve
the
wasted
e
nergy
[7
]
-
[
9].
W
it
hout
the
ad
diti
on
of
powe
r
storag
e
ca
pa
bili
ti
es,
ener
gy
pr
oduc
ed
by
the
piezoelec
tric
el
e
m
ents
will
be
wasted w
he
n
e
le
ct
ro
nic d
evic
es
are
not
c
onne
ct
ed.
I
n
ad
diti
on,
ene
rg
y gene
rate
con
ti
nu
ously
wh
il
e
the
us
e
rs
are
walkin
g
a
nd
is
not
c
onse
rv
e
d
a
nd
sto
re
d.
He
nce,
t
he
a
i
m
of
this
pa
pe
r
is
to
harvest
e
nergy
by
desig
ning
a
shoe
em
bedd
ed
with
piezoe
le
ct
ric
discs
el
e
m
ent.
To
co
nse
rv
e
the
re
ne
wab
le
ener
gy,
a
n
ext
ern
al
power
stora
ge
is
ad
de
d
as
the
outp
ut
of
t
he
ci
rc
uit
as
energy
co
ns
e
rv
at
io
n
a
nd
is
able
to
rech
a
rg
e
el
ect
r
on
ic
de
vices.
Th
us
,
a
stora
ge
capab
il
it
y
is
analy
zed
an
d
i
m
ple
m
ented
for
the
piez
oelect
ric
powe
r har
vesting sh
oe
circuit.
2.
P
ROTOT
YP
E O
F P
OWE
R
H
A
RV
EST
ING
PIEZ
OEL
ECTRI
C
S
H
OE
In
this
re
searc
h,
the
syst
em
works
by
ha
vi
ng
m
echan
ic
al
stress
ap
plied
to
a
PZT
piez
oelect
ric
disc
25
m
m
to
37m
m
in
siz
e
to
pr
oduce
am
bient
vibrat
io
n
by
walkin
g
an
d
is
the
n
c
onve
rted
int
o
el
ect
rica
l
energy
via m
echan
ic
a
l deform
at
ion
of the
piez
oelect
ric el
e
m
ents. Th
en
, th
e
AC vo
lt
age is co
nvert
ed
into
DC th
r
ough
AC
-
DC r
ect
ifi
er circu
it
consi
sti
ng
of
1N4
007
di
od
e
s.
T
he
s
upplied
powe
r i
s then
sto
re
d
in an
e
xter
nal stor
a
ge
befor
e
bein
g
c
onnected
int
o
a
rec
hargea
ble
m
ob
il
e
d
evice
via
US
B
cabl
e.
Two
diff
e
re
nt
siz
es
of
27m
m
an
d
35
m
m
in
Figure
1
of
piezoel
ect
ric
disc
was
te
ste
d
us
i
ng
a
m
ult
i
-
m
et
er
and
the
AC
vol
ta
ge
ge
ne
rated
fro
m
each
disc
duri
ng
8
co
ntin
uous
ste
pp
in
g
base
d
on
the
ty
pe
of
ste
ps
ap
plied
to
it
.
Ever
y
test
was
don
e
tw
ic
e
to
fin
d
the
a
vera
ge
m
ean
of
A
C
vo
lt
age
an
d
curre
nt
valu
e
s
is
then
rec
orded.
T
he
piezoelec
tric
cera
m
ic
was
hooked
to
gethe
r
in
p
a
rall
el
o
r
series
befor
e
c
onnected
to
t
he
brid
ge
recti
fie
r.
Figure
1. 35 m
m
d
isc
is p
la
ce o
n
the
left,
27
m
m
d
isc
is p
la
ced
on the
rig
ht
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Power
H
ar
vest
ing
Usi
ng Piez
oelect
ric
Sho
e
For Ext
ern
al P
ower
Sto
r
age
(
Mo
hamma
d Saf
fri
Ma
za
l
an
)
657
Figure
2
sho
w
s
the
ci
rcu
it
de
sign
c
onsist
ing
of
6
piez
o
el
e
m
ents
e
m
bed
de
d
in
s
hoe’s
in
so
le
place
i
n
the
toes
an
d
th
e
heels.
Eac
h
piezo
el
em
ents
is
connecte
d
t
o
a
bri
dge
rect
ifie
r.
Th
ree
discs
are
place
d
at
the
toes
an
d
t
hr
ee
are
placed
at
the
heel.
A
s
m
entioned
be
f
or
e
,
duri
ng
the
m
otion
of
wa
lking,
the
fir
st
ste
p
a
hu
m
an
ta
kes
cause
press
ur
e
to
the
su
r
face
a
rea
of
the
heel.
Du
ri
ng
s
hiftin
g,
press
ur
e
occ
ur
s
in
the
sect
ion
of
the toe lea
ving
th
e sect
io
n of t
he heel
unto
uc
he
d
.
Figure
2. Ci
rcui
t desig
n of
po
wer ha
rv
e
sti
ng p
ie
zoelec
tric
s
ho
e
for exte
rn
a
l powe
r
sto
ra
ge
Figure
3
s
how
s
the
piezoelec
tric
sh
oe
proto
ty
pe
is
desig
ne
d
by
usi
ng
the
35
m
m
piezoelec
tric
discs
po
sit
io
ne
d
at
the
heel
an
d
th
e
toe.
It
is
the
n
im
planted
in
a
Nike
SB
s
hoe
a
nd
t
he
s
ho
e’s
ins
ole
wh
e
re
th
e
piezoelec
tric
m
at
erial
s
are
placed
is
create
d
us
i
ng
a
m
ou
nting
b
oa
r
d.
E
ach
piez
oelect
r
ic
disc
is
con
ne
ct
ed
to
a
br
i
dg
e
recti
fier
.
Eve
ry
recti
fi
er
is
the
par
al
l
el
ed
to
gether
a
nd
c
onnecte
d
t
o
a
U
SB
cable
.
The
US
B
ca
ble
is
then
c
onnecte
d
to
any
e
xter
na
l
power
sto
ra
ge.
Fig
ur
e
4
s
hows
t
he
act
ua
l
prototype
of
the
syst
em
wi
th
the
piezoelec
tric
di
sc
em
bed
ded
on
the
s
ho
e
’
s
ins
ole
an
d
t
est
ed
with
bulky
exter
nal
powe
r
st
or
a
ge.
It
is
reco
m
m
end
ed t
o
use
a sm
al
ler
power b
a
nk s
o
that i
t i
s ea
sie
r
to
b
e
im
planted
insi
de
the
s
ho
e
.
Figure
3. Proto
ty
pe
of
piezoel
ect
ric shoe
Figure
4. Proto
ty
pe
of
piezoel
ect
ric shoe
with
exter
nal po
wer stora
ge
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
655
–
659
658
3.
RES
ULT
S
A
N
D
DISC
US
SI
ONS
Table
1
sho
ws
the
resu
lt
of
aver
a
ge
m
ean
DC
ou
t
put
vo
l
ta
ge
for
27m
m
disc
durin
g
8
con
ti
nuou
s
li
gh
t
ste
ps
.
T
he
a
m
ou
nt
of
volt
age
per
ste
p
increase
s
as
the
nu
m
ber
of
pla
te
s
increase.
B
y
us
ing
a
si
ng
l
e
disc,
the
am
ou
nt
of
vo
lt
age
pro
duced
is
0.6
8V.
Howe
ver,
by
us
in
g
3
discs
i
t
pr
od
uces
2.4
8V
t
hu
s
pro
vi
ng
t
hat
m
or
e d
isc
s
generate
m
or
e ele
ct
rici
ty
.
Table
1.
DC
O
utput V
oltage
Test
From
2
7 m
m
D
isc
D
uri
ng Lig
ht Ste
ps
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
dis
c us
ed
Av
erage
m
ean v
o
ltag
e(V)
1
0
.63
7
2
1
.85
0
3
2
.44
8
Table
2
s
how
s
the
resu
lt
of
aver
a
ge
m
ean
DC
outp
ut
vo
l
ta
ge
f
or
27m
m
disc
durin
g
8
con
ti
nu
ous
casual
ste
ps
.
W
it
h
cas
ual
ste
ps
,
the
discs
pr
oduce
m
or
e
vo
lt
age
as
c
om
par
ed
to w
al
king in
li
gh
t st
eps.
Ev
e
n
at
a
sin
gle
disc,
t
he
a
ver
a
ge
m
e
an
vo
lt
a
ge
pro
du
ce
d
is
1.9
02
5V
due
to
higher
press
ur
e
.
T
hen,
3
discs
pr
oduce
m
uch
m
or
e
vo
l
ta
ge
w
hich
is
5.0
68V.
Table
2.
DC
O
utput V
oltage
Test
From
2
7 m
m
D
isc
D
uri
ng Casual
Step
s
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
dis
c us
ed
Av
erage
m
ean v
o
ltag
e(V)
1
1
.90
3
2
3
.63
1
3
5
.06
8
Table
3
sho
ws
the
resu
lt
of
aver
a
ge
m
ean
DC
ou
t
put
vo
l
ta
ge
for
35m
m
disc
durin
g
8
con
ti
nuou
s
li
gh
t
ste
ps
.
W
i
th
the
us
e
of
the
35m
m
piez
o
disc,
the
out
pu
t
volt
age
an
d
curre
nt
duri
ng
li
ght
ste
pp
i
ng
is
higher
com
pared
to
the
25m
m
pr
ov
i
ng
tha
t
the
35
m
m
is
m
or
e
viable
to
be
us
e
d
for
powe
r
harvesti
ng.
A
vo
lt
age
of
1.8
88V
is pr
oduce
d usi
ng only
1 di
sc, and a
m
axi
m
u
m
o
f
2.9
66V
is
pro
du
ce
d usin
g 3 pla
te
s.
Table
3
. DC
O
utput V
oltage
Test
From
3
5 m
m
D
isc
D
uri
ng Lig
ht Ste
ps
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
dis
c us
ed
Av
erage
m
ean v
o
ltag
e(V)
1
1
.88
8
2
2
.62
3
3
2
.96
6
Table
4
sho
ws
the
resu
lt
of
aver
a
ge
m
ean
DC
ou
t
put
vo
l
ta
ge
for
35m
m
disc
durin
g
8
con
ti
nuou
s
casual
ste
ps
.
T
ables
4
proves
that
the
vo
lt
a
ge
val
ue
is
higher
in
cas
ual
s
te
ps
an
d
is
en
ough
to
powe
r
up
a
nd
charge
a
powe
r
sto
rag
e
that
r
equ
i
res
a
5V
input
because
just
by
us
i
ng
a
sing
le
plate
,
t
he
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
i
s
4.212
V.
Furthe
rm
or
e, b
y
us
i
ng
3 discs,
6.2
33V
is pr
oduces
and is e
noug
h for e
xter
nal d
e
vices.
Table
4.
DC
O
utput V
oltage
Test
From
3
5 m
m
D
isc
D
uri
ng Casual
Step
s
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
dis
c us
ed
Av
erage
m
ean v
o
ltag
e(V)
1
4
.21
2
2
4
.97
0
3
6
.23
3
Fr
om
Tables
1
to
4,
the
vo
lt
a
ge
le
vel
does
de
pends
on
the
siz
e
of
the
piez
oelect
ric
m
a
te
rial
s
and
the
pr
ess
ure
ap
plied
to
it
.
The
35m
m
pr
od
uc
es
m
or
e
vo
lt
age
as
com
par
ed
to
the
27
m
m
and
hav
in
g
la
rg
e
r
total
su
r
face
a
rea.
T
he
35
m
m
pr
od
uces
a
m
axi
m
u
m
of
6.2
33V
w
hile
the 25m
m
pro
du
ces
5.0
68
V
at
cas
ual w
a
lking
and
by
us
in
g
3
piezoelec
tric
discs.
T
her
e
for
e
it
is
m
or
e
via
ble
to
us
e
the
35m
m
as
co
m
par
ed
to
t
he
27m
m
fo
r
the
final
desig
n
of
the
piezoe
le
ct
ric
sh
oe
.
T
he
no.
of
disc
aff
ect
s
the
a
ve
rag
e
m
ean
outpu
t
vo
lt
a
g
e
pr
oduc
e
d
howe
ver
ha
ving
m
or
e
t
han
4
disc
t
o
a
br
i
dg
e
recti
fie
r
would
re
duce
the
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
by
a
si
gnific
an
t
a
m
ou
nt
becaus
e
the
discs
ca
nc
el
each
oth
e
r’s
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
a
ge
wh
e
n
no
t
act
uated
at
the
sa
m
e
tim
e.
Therefo
re,
each
piezoelec
t
ric d
isc
is
d
esi
gn
at
e
d
it
s
own br
i
dg
e
r
ect
ifie
r
then it
is co
nn
ect
ed
in
pa
rall
el
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Power
H
ar
vest
ing
Usi
ng Piez
oelect
ric
Sho
e
For Ext
ern
al P
ower
Sto
r
age
(
Mo
hamma
d Saf
fri
Ma
za
l
an
)
659
The
r
esult
of
this
te
st
include
s
the
fin
dings
of
the
AC
volt
age
gen
e
rate
d
from
each
disc
durin
g
8
con
ti
nu
ous
ste
pp
i
ng
base
d
on
the
ty
pe
of
s
te
ps
ap
plied
to
it
.
Ever
y
te
st
was
done
twic
e
to
fin
d
the
a
ver
a
ge
m
ean
of
AC
volt
age
an
d
cu
rrent
values
is
th
en
rec
orde
d.
T
he
piez
o
m
a
te
rial
AC
vo
lt
age
ind
ivid
ual
te
sti
ng
is
as
show
n
in
T
able
5.
It
is
ob
serv
e
d
that
t
he
piezo
disc
pr
oduce
s
AC
vo
lt
age
pe
r
ste
p
a
nd
is
a
ff
ect
e
d
by
the
siz
e o
f
the
disc
.
Table
5
. Pi
ezo
Ma
te
rial
A
C V
oltage
Indivi
dual
Testi
ng
Size
(
m
m
)
Re
so
na
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(kHz)
Ca
pacit
ance
(kpF)
Av
e
ra
ge
m
ean
AC volt
age
(V
)
Ca
su
al
steps
Ligh
t
Steps
27
4.6 +/
-
0.5
16
+/
-
1.9
045
+/
-
0.6
56
35
2.8 +/
-
0.5
30
+/
-
2.7
06
+/
-
1.6
89
The
35
m
m
dis
c
pro
du
ce
s
a
hig
he
r
AC
volt
a
ge
c
om
par
ed
t
o
the
27m
m
di
sc.
It
is
al
s
o
a
ffec
te
d
by
t
he
ty
pe
of
f
oo
t
strikes
ap
plied
a
fter
co
ntinuo
us
walkin
g.
It
is
ob
se
rv
e
d
tha
t
casual
ste
ps
pro
du
ces
high
er
AC
vo
lt
age
le
vel.
The
prot
otype
was
m
anag
ed
to
be
do
ne
by
us
in
g
6
35
m
m
piezoelec
tric
disc.
Th
ree
dis
cs
are
placed
at
the
toes
an
d
three
are
placed
at
the
heel.
As
m
entione
d
be
f
ore,
durin
g
the
m
ot
ion
of
walkin
g,
th
e
first
ste
p
a
hu
m
an
ta
kes
ca
use
pr
es
sure
to
t
he
s
urface
area
of
t
he
heel.
D
ur
i
ng
s
hiftin
g,
pr
ess
ure
oc
cu
r
s
in
the
sect
ion
of
the
toe
le
a
ving
t
he
sect
io
n
of
the
heel
untou
c
he
d.
The
re
fore
for
c
onti
nuous
ge
ner
at
ion
of
el
ect
rici
ty
,
the
piezo
disc
is
placed
on
bo
th
the
toe
a
nd
the
heel.
T
he
35
m
m
disc
pr
od
uces
m
or
e
ou
t
put
vo
lt
age
c
om
par
ed
to
t
he
27
m
m
m
aking
a
bette
r
can
dida
te
to
be
us
e
d
in
the
s
hoe
’s
ins
ole
for
powe
r
gen
e
rati
on.
F
urt
her
m
or
e
it
m
anag
es
to
s
upply
the
re
quirem
ent
of
5V
of
power
ba
nks.
re
ade
r
un
de
rstan
d
easi
ly
[2
]
, [5]
. T
he discu
ssio
n ca
n be m
ade i
n
se
ver
al
sub
-
c
hap
te
rs.
4.
C
ONCLU
S
ION
The
piez
oelec
tric
power
ha
rv
est
in
g
s
ho
e
is
a
go
od
s
ource
f
or
renewable
e
nergy
for
ene
rg
y
conser
vation.
As
ob
se
r
ved,
by
us
in
g
a
35
m
m
piezo
disc
,
it
produces
e
no
ugh
vo
lt
a
ge
to
rech
a
r
ge
an
e
xter
nal
stora
ge
dev
ic
e that
requires
5V
of
in
put.
T
he
25
m
m
disc
is
viabl
e for
power
h
ar
vestin
g
bu
t d
oes
no
t m
eet
the
requirem
ents
to
cha
rg
e
up
a
n
exter
nal
sto
r
age
de
vice.
F
urt
her
m
or
e,
it
is
inex
pensi
ve,
flexible
an
d
can
be
easi
ly
integrated
in
m
ediu
m
s
su
ch
as
shoe.
Ty
pes
of
pr
e
ss
ur
es
do
a
ff
ect
the
a
m
ou
nt
of
vo
lt
age
us
e
d.
Ca
su
a
l
walkin
g
pro
duces
en
ough
volt
age
to
power
up
the
exter
na
l
stora
ge
dev
i
ce.
W
it
h
po
we
r
sto
rag
e
de
vic
e,
th
e
a
m
ou
nt
of
ene
r
gy
produce
wil
l
no
t
be
waste
d
as
it
is
s
tore
d
co
ns
ta
ntly
duri
ng
w
al
king.
Fu
rth
er
im
pr
ovem
en
t
can
be
m
ade
t
o
the
piezoele
ct
ric
sh
oe
suc
h
as
us
in
g
a
be
tt
er
piezo
cer
a
m
ic
m
at
erial
that
produces
m
or
e
current.
Ho
we
ver, this
shoe i
s not wa
te
r resi
sta
nt th
us
water wo
uld dam
age th
e circ
uit.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Van
Rande
ra
at
J
and
Sett
er
ingt
o
n
RE.
Piez
o
el
e
ctric
ceramics
Ele
ct
ronic
Compon
ent
s
and
Mate
ri
als
Divi
sion
.
N.
V.
Phili
ps’ Gloeila
n
penf
abr
i
eke
n
,
Eindhoven,
p
.
202
,
1974.
[2]
Piefort
V
and
Pr
eumont
A.
Fi
n
ite
Element
Mod
elling
of Pi
ezo
el
e
c
tric
A
ct
i
ve
S
tructur
es
.
Sam
te
ch
U
ser’s Confe
re
nc
e
.
2001
.
154
.
[3]
Gupta
A
and
Sh
arma
A.
Piez
o
elec
tr
ic
En
erg
y
H
arv
esti
ng
v
ia
S
h
oe
Sole
.
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
New
Techno
lo
gy
and
Re
search
.
2
015;
1(
6
):
10
-
13.
[4]
Zha
o
J
and
You
Z.
A
shoe
-
embedde
d
p
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