I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
25
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
22
,
p
p
.
1
30
~
1
3
7
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijeecs.v
25
.i
1
.
pp
1
30
-
1
3
7
130
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Seg
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R
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Ju
n
10
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1
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ev
is
ed
No
v
11
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2
0
2
1
Acc
ep
ted
No
v
30
,
2
0
2
1
Oil
p
a
lm
is
a
n
im
p
o
rtan
t
i
n
d
u
stry
th
a
t
h
a
s
c
o
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tri
b
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ted
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o
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m
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a
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d
s
u
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p
o
rt
to
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h
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
se
c
to
r
e
sp
e
c
ial
ly
fo
r
M
a
lay
sia
a
n
d
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
.
Ho
we
v
e
r,
m
o
st
o
f
t
h
e
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
o
i
l
p
a
lm
in
d
u
str
y
is
st
il
l
o
p
e
ra
ted
m
a
n
u
a
ll
y
.
Th
is
wo
r
k
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
sy
ste
m
to
s
e
p
a
ra
te
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n
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h
e
s
o
f
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il
p
a
lm
fru
it
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g
c
o
lo
r
se
n
so
rs
a
c
c
o
rd
in
g
to
m
a
tu
r
it
y
lev
e
l.
F
r
u
it
c
o
l
o
r
p
lay
s
a
d
e
c
isiv
e
p
o
i
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t
in
d
e
term
in
in
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fru
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t
m
a
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re
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sp
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o
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e
(RG
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s
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tain
e
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f
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sp
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g
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m
in
th
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l
p
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lm
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str
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.
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u
s,
th
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p
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r
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m
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rn
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s
a
p
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t
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m
a
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rr
o
r.
I
n
th
e
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,
a
se
t
o
f
se
n
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is
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ro
p
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s
e
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o
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f
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it
s.
Th
is
fu
rt
h
e
r
c
a
n
sp
e
e
d
u
p
t
h
e
se
g
re
g
a
ti
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
ss
a
n
d
m
o
re
su
it
a
b
le
fo
r
a
d
a
p
tatio
n
t
o
th
e
in
d
u
str
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ar
d
u
in
o
Oil p
alm
f
r
u
it
R
ip
en
ess
Seg
r
eg
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
T
C
S3
2
0
0
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Faiz
Ar
ith
Facu
lty
o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ic
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
Un
iv
er
s
iti T
ek
n
ik
al
Ma
lay
s
ia
Me
lak
a
(
UT
eM
)
Han
g
T
u
ah
J
ay
a,
7
6
1
0
0
,
Du
r
ia
n
T
u
n
g
g
al,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail: f
aiz.
ar
ith
@
u
tem
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Oil
p
alm
p
lan
tatio
n
s
ar
e
v
er
y
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
an
d
p
lay
a
m
ajo
r
r
o
le
in
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
f
o
r
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
ch
a
s
Ma
lay
s
ia
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esia
wh
er
e
o
il
p
alm
ca
n
g
r
o
w
f
er
tile
an
d
f
ast
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
ese
p
al
m
o
il
p
r
o
d
u
cts
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
,
d
eter
g
e
n
t
an
d
as
a
b
io
f
u
el.
Fo
r
t
h
e
f
o
o
d
s
ec
to
r
,
th
ese
cr
o
p
s
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
f
o
o
d
s
ec
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
co
o
k
in
g
o
il,
s
h
o
r
ten
in
g
an
d
m
ar
g
a
r
in
e.
Oil
p
alm
is
a
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
cr
o
p
with
o
il
y
ield
p
er
h
ec
tar
e
p
er
y
ea
r
wh
ich
is
m
u
ch
lar
g
er
th
an
o
th
er
o
il
cr
o
p
s
.
Hig
h
o
il
p
alm
y
ield
m
ea
n
s
p
alm
o
il
n
ee
d
s
a
s
m
all
g
r
o
wth
ar
ea
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
e
r
co
m
p
etin
g
o
il
cr
o
p
s
an
d
th
u
s
b
ec
o
m
e
a
v
er
y
attr
ac
tiv
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
in
c
o
m
e.
T
h
e
o
il
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
alm
k
er
n
el
o
il
is
u
s
ed
as
th
e
m
ain
i
n
g
r
ed
ien
t
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
n
o
n
-
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
ated
tr
an
s
-
f
r
ee
m
ar
g
ar
i
n
e.
Glo
b
ally
,
9
0
%
o
f
p
alm
o
il
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
-
r
elate
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
is
p
alm
k
er
n
el
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
a
l c
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts in
liq
u
id
o
r
c
r
e
am
f
o
r
m
e
d
[
3
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
alm
o
il
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
Ma
l
ay
s
ia
is
th
e
s
e
co
n
d
lar
g
est
g
l
o
b
al
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
a
f
ter
I
n
d
o
n
esia
an
d
it
h
as
b
ee
n
a
m
ajo
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
o
u
r
c
e
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
ast
f
ew
d
ec
ad
es.
Palm
o
il
cu
ltiv
ati
o
n
p
la
n
was
s
tar
ted
in
1
9
6
0
s
to
r
e
d
u
ce
Ma
lay
s
ia’
s
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
r
u
b
b
er
a
n
d
tin
u
n
d
er
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t’
s
d
iv
er
s
if
i
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
Ma
lay
s
ia
also
b
ec
am
e
th
e
lar
g
est p
alm
o
il e
x
p
o
r
ter
i
n
th
e
wo
r
ld
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
n
atio
n
alize
d
t
h
r
e
e
m
ajo
r
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
f
o
r
o
il
p
a
lm
wh
ich
wer
e
Gu
th
r
ie,
G
o
ld
en
Ho
p
e
an
d
Sime
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
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SS
N:
2502
-
4
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(
A
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n
Mu
s
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ffa
)
131
Dar
b
y
in
th
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y
ea
r
1
9
8
0
[
4
]
.
B
ased
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n
s
tat
is
tics
,
u
p
to
2
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1
6
,
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.
5
%
P
e
n
a
n
g
1
4
,
1
3
5
0
.
2
%
9
.
2
%
P
e
r
l
i
s
6
5
2
0
.
0
%
0
.
8
%
Fro
m
T
ab
le
1
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
th
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
is
in
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
il
p
alm
p
lan
t
c
o
m
p
an
ies
ar
e
s
till
lag
g
in
g
b
eh
in
d
in
th
e
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
an
d
u
s
e
m
an
p
o
wer
in
m
o
s
t o
f
th
eir
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
em
is
th
e
p
alm
o
il r
ip
en
ess
s
eg
r
eg
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
u
lly
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
h
ig
h
-
q
u
a
lity
o
il
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
u
n
r
ip
e
an
d
o
v
e
r
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it.
I
n
ad
d
iti
o
n
,
it
also
co
n
tain
s
lo
w
f
r
ee
f
atty
ac
id
s
wh
ic
h
h
e
alth
y
f
o
o
d
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
at
th
e
b
u
n
ch
o
f
f
r
u
it
th
at
a
r
e
h
a
r
v
ested
an
d
c
o
llected
ar
e
r
ip
e
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
er
r
o
r
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
m
atu
r
ity
o
f
th
e
f
r
u
it
ca
n
af
f
ec
t in
h
ig
h
er
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
co
s
ts
an
d
s
u
b
s
tan
tial lo
s
s
es f
o
r
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
[
8
]
.
At
p
r
esen
t,
th
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
au
to
m
ated
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
d
ev
ices
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
[
9
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
s
u
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
u
s
ed
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
n
u
tr
ien
t
p
r
o
b
[
1
4
]
lo
o
s
e
f
r
u
it
p
ick
in
g
m
ac
h
in
es
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
an
d
f
r
u
it
s
o
r
tin
g
m
ac
h
i
n
es
[
1
7
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
au
to
m
ated
s
y
s
tem
is
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
a
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
Ar
d
u
in
o
.
Su
ch
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
b
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
ch
a
s
a
m
o
to
r
(
p
l
asti
c
g
ea
r
m
o
to
r
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
o
to
r
)
,
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
,
in
f
r
ar
e
d
s
en
s
o
r
,
m
o
to
r
s
h
ield
an
d
Ar
d
u
in
o
Me
g
a
2
5
6
0
.
Ma
n
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
to
d
e
v
elo
p
an
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
s
eg
r
e
g
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
f
r
u
its
an
d
v
eg
etab
les
b
ased
o
n
co
l
o
r
[
1
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
Pre
m
ac
h
an
d
r
a
et.
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
a
p
ick
a
n
d
p
lace
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
co
lo
r
a
n
d
s
ize
u
s
in
g
R
GB
an
d
h
u
e,
s
atu
r
ati
o
n
,
v
al
u
e
(
HSV)
v
alu
es.
C
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
is
u
s
ed
to
ab
s
o
r
b
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
lig
h
t
r
ef
lecte
d
b
y
an
o
b
ject
an
d
co
n
v
er
ted
i
n
to
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
.
T
h
e
o
b
jects
ar
e
s
o
r
ted
a
n
d
p
lace
d
i
n
to
two
co
n
v
en
y
o
r
ass
is
ted
with
im
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
o
n
ly
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
with
d
u
o
-
ch
r
o
m
e
c
o
lo
r
o
b
jects
f
o
r
th
e
s
eg
r
eg
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
Gaik
ar
et.
a
l
.
[
2
2
]
u
s
es
au
d
io
as
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al.
I
n
itially
,
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
et
ec
ts
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject
an
d
th
e
R
GB
s
er
ial
d
ata
is
g
en
er
ated
an
d
s
en
t
to
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
n
th
e
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
will
r
e
ad
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
d
ata
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
OS
a
u
d
io
wh
ile
th
e
L
C
D
will
d
is
p
lay
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
l
o
r
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
a
u
d
io
o
u
t
p
u
t
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
p
ea
k
er
s
af
ter
th
e
v
o
ice
r
e
co
r
d
er
r
ec
o
r
d
s
a
n
d
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
th
e
c
o
lo
r
n
am
e
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi
h
as
also
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
as
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
f
o
r
th
e
s
eg
r
e
g
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
with
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
Ph
y
to
n
an
d
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
K
-
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
ab
le
to
s
eg
r
eg
ate
th
e
o
b
ject
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
co
lo
r
,
s
h
ap
e
an
d
s
ize
in
r
ea
l
tim
e.
T
h
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
b
est
to
b
e
e
m
b
ed
d
e
d
in
to
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
y
s
tem
th
at
u
tili
ze
R
GB
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
ex
te
n
s
iv
ely
s
tu
d
ied
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
R
GB
s
en
s
o
r
s
is
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al,
b
u
t
a
d
etailed
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
th
e
d
esire
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
its
ac
cu
r
ac
y
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
u
ch
s
en
s
o
r
s
ca
n
s
av
e
a
lo
t
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
an
d
i
n
s
tallatio
n
co
s
ts
,
an
d
in
tu
r
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
d
ed
v
alu
e
to
th
e
p
r
o
f
its
o
f
th
e
o
il p
alm
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
th
is
wo
r
k
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
th
at
ca
n
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
b
ased
o
n
its
r
ip
en
ess
.
B
a
s
ed
o
n
th
is
s
y
s
tem
,
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
will
d
et
ec
t
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
an
d
a
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
m
o
v
es
th
e
r
ip
e
an
d
u
n
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it
to
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
lo
w.
T
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wi
ll
also
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
lig
h
t i
n
ten
s
ity
f
ea
tu
r
e.
No
r
m
ally
,
3
0
m
o
n
th
s
is
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
an
o
il p
alm
to
g
r
o
w
b
ef
o
r
e
it c
an
b
e
h
ar
v
ested
af
ter
b
ein
g
p
lan
ted
f
o
r
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
tim
e.
T
h
en
,
it
ca
n
b
ea
r
f
r
u
it
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t 2
0
to
3
0
y
ea
r
s
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it c
an
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
b
y
3
ty
p
es
o
f
g
r
ad
es
wh
ich
ar
e
u
n
r
ip
e,
r
ip
en
,
a
n
d
o
v
er
r
i
p
e
a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
ip
e
f
r
u
i
t
ca
n
b
e
h
ar
v
ested
f
r
o
m
tr
ee
s
u
s
in
g
a
s
ick
le
o
r
m
ac
h
ete
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
cr
u
d
e
o
il
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
W
h
ile
th
e
u
n
r
i
p
e
f
r
u
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
lef
t
u
n
til f
u
lly
r
i
p
e.
T
y
p
ically
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
eth
er
a
b
u
n
ch
o
f
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it
is
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
o
s
e
f
r
u
its
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
r
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
o
s
e
f
r
u
it
s
o
ck
ets
in
th
e
b
u
n
ch
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
tall
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
25
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
22
:
1
30
-
1
3
7
132
tr
ee
s
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
ip
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
f
r
u
it
b
y
u
s
in
g
h
u
m
a
n
v
is
io
n
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
f
o
r
lo
w
tr
ee
s
,
th
e
h
ar
v
ester
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
f
r
u
it
b
u
n
c
h
es.
An
o
th
er
co
n
ce
p
t
f
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
f
r
u
it
m
atu
r
ity
b
y
lo
o
k
in
g
at
t
h
e
c
o
lo
r
o
f
th
e
b
u
n
ch
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
is
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
f
r
u
it
b
ec
au
s
e
s
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
t
h
e
co
lo
r
o
f
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
is
co
r
r
elate
d
with
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
f
r
u
it
o
il
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
two
o
il
p
alm
g
en
es,
n
am
ed
Nig
r
es
ce
n
s
an
d
Vir
escen
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a
)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
[
8
]
.
B
o
t
h
h
av
e
co
m
p
letely
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
c
o
lo
r
ch
a
n
g
es
f
r
o
m
u
n
r
ip
e
to
o
v
er
r
ip
e.
Nig
r
escen
s
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
g
r
o
w
n
t
y
p
e
in
Ma
lay
s
ia
wh
er
e
it
s
h
o
ws
a
y
ello
wis
h
-
r
ed
f
r
u
it c
o
lo
r
af
ter
r
i
p
en
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Oil p
alm
f
r
u
it r
i
p
en
e
s
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
its
co
lo
r
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
ch
an
g
es f
r
o
m
u
n
r
ip
e
(
lef
t)
to
o
v
er
r
ip
e
(
r
i
g
h
t)
f
o
r
(
a)
Nig
r
escen
s
o
il p
al
m
an
d
(
b
)
Vir
escen
s
o
il p
alm
N
i
g
e
r
e
s
ce
n
s
h
a
v
e
a
s
i
m
i
la
r
r
e
d
c
o
l
o
r
b
e
f
o
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
t
e
r
r
i
p
e
n
i
n
g
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
k
e
s
t
h
e
f
r
u
i
t
m
a
t
u
r
i
t
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
n
a
k
e
d
ey
e
[
8
]
.
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
es
c
a
n
b
e
s
ee
n
a
t
t
h
e
e
n
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
i
l
p
a
l
m
f
r
u
it
.
T
h
e
c
o
l
o
r
o
f
r
i
p
e
f
r
u
it
i
s
d
a
r
k
r
e
d
at
t
h
e
b
a
s
e
w
h
il
e
at
t
h
e
ti
p
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
u
i
t
i
s
y
e
l
l
o
w
c
o
l
o
r
.
As
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
r
i
p
e
f
r
u
i
t
,
t
h
e
e
n
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
u
i
t
a
r
e
d
a
r
k
p
u
r
p
l
e
a
n
d
y
e
l
l
o
w
a
t
t
h
e
b
a
s
e
.
T
h
e
r
e
i
s
a
d
a
r
k
r
e
d
c
o
l
o
r
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
u
r
p
l
e
a
n
d
y
e
l
l
o
w
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
r
i
p
e
f
r
u
i
t
h
a
s
a
d
a
r
k
e
r
r
e
d
c
o
l
o
r
a
t
t
h
e
b
a
s
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
y
el
l
o
w
c
o
l
o
r
a
t
t
h
e
t
i
p
b
e
c
o
m
es
o
r
a
n
g
e
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
Vir
escen
s
h
as
a
g
r
ee
n
-
o
r
an
g
e
f
r
u
it
co
lo
r
wh
e
n
u
n
r
ip
e,
th
e
co
lo
r
is
b
r
ig
h
t
g
r
ee
n
–
g
r
ee
n
an
d
tu
r
n
s
g
r
ee
n
is
h
–
y
ello
w
wh
en
r
ip
e.
Ov
er
all,
it
will
ch
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
g
r
ee
n
to
o
r
an
g
e
in
d
ica
tin
g
th
e
r
ip
en
ess
o
f
th
e
f
r
u
it a
n
d
th
is
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
o
b
v
io
u
s
ly
an
d
allo
w
s
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
.
R
GB
co
lo
r
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
r
ip
e
n
ess
o
f
f
r
u
its
o
r
v
eg
etab
les.
I
n
th
e
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
al
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
ed
,
g
r
ee
n
an
d
b
lu
e
co
lo
r
m
o
d
el
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
s
eg
r
eg
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
co
lo
r
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
b
y
th
e
h
u
m
an
ey
e
b
u
t
it
also
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
lig
h
t r
ef
lecte
d
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject
[
2
5
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
6
]
,
R
GB
co
lo
r
ca
n
b
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
d
b
y
b
r
ea
k
in
g
d
o
w
n
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
r
e
d
,
g
r
ee
n
,
a
n
d
b
lu
e
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
co
lo
r
a
p
p
ar
en
t
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
At
th
e
p
o
in
t,
wh
en
a
n
o
b
jec
t
is
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
to
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
co
n
tin
g
e
n
t
u
p
o
n
t
h
eir
v
o
ltag
e
y
ield
o
f
ea
c
h
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
,
th
e
c
o
lo
r
ca
n
b
e
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
[
2
6
]
.
Alo
n
g
with
a
g
o
o
d
lig
h
tin
g
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
s
eg
r
eg
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
GB
co
lo
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
S
eg
r
eg
a
tio
n
o
f o
il p
a
lm
fr
u
it ri
p
en
ess
u
s
in
g
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
(
A
ima
n
Mu
s
ta
ffa
)
133
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
O
L
O
G
Y
T
h
is
wo
r
k
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
in
to
two
p
ar
ts
n
am
ely
as
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t.
C
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
wer
e
p
u
r
ch
ased
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ar
k
et
f
o
r
h
ar
d
war
e
p
a
r
ts
.
T
h
e
latter
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
was
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
r
t
s
o
f
twar
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
.
B
o
t
h
p
ar
ts
wer
e
co
m
b
in
ed
a
n
d
em
b
ed
d
e
d
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
well
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
eg
r
e
g
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
is
wo
r
k
.
2
.
1
.
H
a
rdwa
re
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
Ar
d
u
in
o
Me
g
a
2
5
6
0
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
co
lo
r
lig
h
t
to
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
v
er
ter
(
T
C
S
3
2
0
0
)
c
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
wer
e
u
s
e
d
as
th
e
m
ain
b
r
ain
an
d
co
lo
r
d
etec
to
r
d
ev
ice
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
atic
cir
cu
it
with
th
e
o
u
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
co
n
v
ey
o
r
s
y
s
tem
i
s
also
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
test
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
.
T
h
e
T
T
g
ea
r
ed
m
o
to
r
s
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
d
r
y
ce
ll
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
o
v
e
th
e
co
n
v
ey
o
r
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
th
e
o
il
p
al
m
f
r
u
its
.
T
h
en
th
e
m
o
v
in
g
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
its
will
u
n
d
er
g
o
th
e
co
lo
r
d
ete
r
m
in
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
th
eir
r
ip
en
ess
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
T
C
S3
2
0
0
wh
ich
p
lace
d
v
e
r
tically
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
y
er
will
d
etec
t
th
e
co
lo
r
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
et
o
f
d
ata
in
ter
m
o
f
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
to
th
e
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
r
.
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
Me
g
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
will
id
en
tif
y
th
e
r
ip
en
ess
lev
el
o
f
th
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
its
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
s
er
ial
d
ata
o
f
R
GB
co
lo
r
r
an
g
e.
F
in
ally
,
s
er
v
o
m
o
t
o
r
th
at
ac
ts
as
th
e
s
ep
ar
ato
r
ar
m
will d
r
iv
e
th
e
o
il p
alm
f
r
u
it a
c
co
r
d
in
g
to
its
r
ip
en
ess
lev
el
in
to
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
tain
er
.
I
n
p
r
in
ci
p
le,
th
e
T
C
S3
2
0
0
co
l
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
ca
n
d
etec
t
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
l
o
r
r
a
n
g
e.
T
h
is
s
en
s
o
r
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
s
en
s
o
r
c
h
ip
with
4
L
E
Ds,
w
h
er
e
it
is
u
s
ed
to
en
c
o
m
p
ass
a
p
h
o
to
d
etec
to
r
a
r
r
ay
th
at
ca
n
d
etec
t
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
a
n
ea
r
ly
lim
itles
s
r
an
g
e
o
f
co
lo
r
s
.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
d
etec
ts
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
o
il
p
a
lm
f
r
u
its
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
h
o
to
d
i
o
d
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
in
to
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
e
f
o
r
e
y
ield
s
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
lo
r
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
co
lo
r
ac
cu
r
ately
,
a
s
u
itab
le
an
d
clo
s
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t is n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
c
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
is
attac
h
ed
v
er
tically
f
ac
in
g
th
e
co
n
v
ey
o
r
in
s
id
e
a
m
e
d
iu
m
s
ize
b
o
x
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
r
will
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
two
T
T
g
ea
r
e
d
m
o
to
r
s
at
ea
ch
en
d
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
ey
o
r
to
m
o
v
e
th
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it.
E
x
ter
n
al
o
r
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
lig
h
t
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
a
v
o
id
ed
b
y
s
u
ch
clo
s
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Ap
a
r
t
f
r
o
m
th
at,
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
o
f
th
e
c
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
is
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
co
n
s
id
e
r
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
a
r
e
lim
itatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
is
s
et
to
b
e
1
5
m
m
af
ter
s
ev
e
r
al
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
v
i
ew
o
f
t
h
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r
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y
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w
h
e
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e
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a
i
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e
r
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d
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d
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t
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r
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h
e
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o
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o
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t
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i
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r
u
i
t
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t
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e
r
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o
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n
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r
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i
t
.
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h
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a
r
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o
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t
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t
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t
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c
t
e
i
t
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r
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r
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n
r
i
p
e
o
i
l
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al
m
f
r
u
i
t
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.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sch
em
atic
cir
c
u
it with
o
u
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it seg
r
e
g
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
r
o
m
(
a
)
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
al
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iew
an
d
(
b
)
p
lan
v
iew
2
.
2
.
So
f
t
wa
re
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
is
u
s
in
g
Ar
d
u
in
o
Me
g
a
2
5
6
0
as
th
e
m
ain
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
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s
o
f
twar
e
d
esi
g
n
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I
t
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an
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ter
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ac
e
f
o
r
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o
cr
ea
te
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tr
o
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p
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eir
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.
All
th
e
i
n
p
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ts
an
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
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esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
25
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
22
:
1
30
-
1
3
7
134
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
d
ec
lar
ed
in
ce
r
tain
co
d
e.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
s
,
th
e
co
d
e
is
cr
ea
te
u
s
in
g
ar
d
u
in
o
in
teg
r
ate
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
I
DE
)
s
o
f
twar
e
in
J
AVA
lan
g
u
ag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
a
co
m
p
lete
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
.
T
h
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
its
ar
e
p
lace
d
at
th
e
s
tar
tin
g
p
o
in
t
an
d
m
o
v
e
alo
n
g
th
e
co
n
v
ey
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
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a
co
lo
r
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e
n
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o
r
b
o
x
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n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
an
I
R
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
a
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
ey
o
r
will
s
to
p
f
o
r
th
r
ee
s
ec
o
n
d
s
to
allo
w
en
o
u
g
h
tim
e
f
o
r
th
e
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
to
d
e
tect
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
o
il p
alm
f
r
u
it.
Af
ter
th
e
r
ip
en
ess
is
d
ef
in
ed
,
th
e
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
will
m
o
v
e
to
a
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
0
°
o
r
4
5
°
to
p
u
s
h
th
e
f
r
u
it
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
as
r
ip
e
o
r
u
n
r
ip
e
in
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
co
n
tain
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Pro
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
s
eg
r
e
g
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Ripe
f
ruit
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
an
d
ac
c
u
r
a
cy
o
f
th
is
s
y
s
tem
is
test
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
s
ev
er
al
s
am
p
les
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
as
r
ip
e
a
n
d
u
n
r
ip
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
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h
er
e
a
r
e
f
o
u
r
t
y
p
es
o
f
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
its
s
elec
ted
in
th
is
ex
p
er
im
en
t.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
s
ar
e
r
ip
e
as
th
e
ir
co
lo
r
h
av
e
t
u
r
n
in
to
y
ello
w
an
d
d
ar
k
r
ed
at
th
e
tip
s
an
d
b
ase
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
s
y
s
tem
h
as
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
etec
ted
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ies
th
em
as
r
ip
e
f
r
u
its
with
R
G
B
r
an
g
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ab
o
v
e
1
5
0
in
d
icatin
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
s
ig
n
al
o
f
r
ip
en
as
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
2
f
o
r
f
r
u
it
b
u
n
ch
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
ese
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ep
ea
ted
th
r
ee
tim
es
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en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
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y
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tem
is
im
m
ac
u
late
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d
also
f
o
r
s
tatis
tical
p
u
r
p
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s
e.
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ab
le
2
.
1
st
r
ip
en
f
r
u
it d
etec
te
d
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an
g
e
Te
st
R
G
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t
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t
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i
r
st
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l
e
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i
r
st
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5
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1
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9
1
5
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p
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n
d
1
6
6
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4
1
5
8
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p
e
Th
i
r
d
1
6
1
1
7
8
1
5
6
R
i
p
e
S
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c
o
n
d
samp
l
e
(
b
)
F
i
r
st
1
6
5
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8
3
1
5
1
R
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p
e
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e
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n
d
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5
0
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7
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1
5
2
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p
e
Th
i
r
d
1
5
6
1
9
3
1
6
2
R
i
p
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
m
ag
e
f
o
r
th
e
(
a)
f
i
r
s
t sam
p
le
o
f
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it a
n
d
(
b
)
s
ec
o
n
d
s
am
p
le
o
f
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it
3
.
2
.
Unripe
f
ruit
re
s
ults
U
n
r
ip
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
also
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
id
en
tifie
d
th
em
as
u
n
r
ip
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
m
o
v
e
d
th
em
in
to
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
tain
e
r
.
T
h
e
R
GB
r
an
g
e
v
alu
es
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
u
n
r
ip
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
its
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
ewe
r
d
etec
tio
n
v
alu
es
with
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
ar
e
less
th
an
1
2
0
p
o
in
t
s
ev
en
af
ter
r
ep
ea
ted
f
o
r
th
r
ee
tim
es
as
d
is
p
lay
in
T
ab
le
3
.
B
o
th
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
ip
e
an
d
u
n
r
ip
e
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
its
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
eg
r
eg
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
Af
ter
r
ep
ea
te
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
tim
es,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
ws a
co
n
s
is
ten
t r
esu
lt in
d
icatin
g
th
at
it is
r
elia
b
le.
T
h
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
e
o
b
tain
ed
is
f
air
ly
h
ig
h
e
r
th
a
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
r
ep
o
r
te
d
b
u
t
s
h
o
ws
a
s
im
ilar
tr
en
d
wh
er
e
th
e
v
alu
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
in
p
ar
allel
f
r
o
m
u
n
r
ip
e
to
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it.
J
af
f
ar
et.
a
l.
[2
7
]
a
n
d
Alf
atn
i
et.
a
l.
[2
8
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
a
lu
es
f
o
r
R
,
G
a
n
d
B
wer
e
8
0
,
5
0
a
n
d
4
0
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
f
o
r
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it
b
u
n
ch
es.
Me
an
wh
ile,
f
o
r
u
n
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it
b
u
n
ch
es,
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
s
wer
e
s
lig
h
tly
lo
wer
at
1
0
p
o
in
ts
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
th
an
t
h
at
to
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
v
a
lu
es
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
ca
teg
o
r
ies
ar
e
o
v
er
la
p
p
in
g
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
er
e
is
am
b
ig
u
ity
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
R
GB
i
m
ag
e
an
aly
s
is
ass
is
ted
b
y
b
a
ck
s
ca
tter
in
g
im
ag
in
g
d
em
o
n
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tr
ated
s
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h
t
ly
h
ig
h
er
av
er
ag
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
es
o
f
8
8
an
d
9
2
f
o
r
u
n
r
ip
e
an
d
r
ip
e
f
r
u
it
b
u
n
ch
es,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
g
o
o
d
co
ef
f
icien
t
ab
o
v
e
0
.
8
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
at
its
class
if
i
ca
tio
n
is
q
u
ite
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
Ab
o
v
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
S
eg
r
eg
a
tio
n
o
f o
il p
a
lm
fr
u
it ri
p
en
ess
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s
in
g
co
lo
r
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en
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o
r
(
A
ima
n
Mu
s
ta
ffa
)
135
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
alu
es
ar
e
v
a
r
ied
,
d
e
p
e
n
d
o
n
th
e
R
GB
to
o
ls
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
class
if
icatio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
io
n
to
av
o
id
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
.
T
ab
le
3
.
1
st
u
n
r
i
p
e
f
r
u
it d
etec
ted
r
an
g
e
Te
st
R
G
B
O
u
t
p
u
t
F
i
r
st
samp
l
e
(
a
)
F
i
r
st
92
92
74
U
n
r
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p
e
S
e
c
o
n
d
90
90
72
U
n
r
i
p
e
Th
i
r
d
1
0
5
1
0
2
81
U
n
r
i
p
e
S
e
c
o
n
d
samp
l
e
(
b
)
F
i
r
st
1
1
6
1
1
5
95
U
n
r
i
p
e
S
e
c
o
n
d
1
1
9
1
2
0
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0
2
U
n
r
i
p
e
Th
i
r
d
1
0
5
1
0
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(
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Fig
u
r
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8
.
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a)
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CO
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ased
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ased
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.
RE
F
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NC
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[
1
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.
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4
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[
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o
a
u
t
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o
re
d
7
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
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re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
fa
b
rica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
si
m
u
latio
n
o
f
se
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
d
e
v
ice
s
su
c
h
a
s
M
OSF
ET
,
so
lar
c
e
ll
s,
g
ra
p
h
e
n
e
F
ET
a
n
d
G
a
As
o
p
to
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lec
tro
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ic
d
e
v
ice
s
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
n
iza
m
u
d
d
i
n
@u
tem
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Fa
r
a
As
h
ik
in
Ali
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
S
c
.
i
n
P
h
y
sic
s
a
n
d
M
.
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g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Ka
n
a
z
a
wa
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ja
p
a
n
,
in
2
0
0
8
a
n
d
2
0
1
0
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
Th
e
n
sh
e
o
b
tain
e
d
h
e
r
D.
En
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
To
k
u
s
h
ima
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ja
p
a
n
,
i
n
2
0
1
8
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
e
n
io
r
Lec
tu
re
r
i
n
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Tek
n
ik
a
l
M
a
lay
sia
M
e
lak
a
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
c
o
v
e
r
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
tes
ts
o
f
in
teg
ra
ted
c
ircu
it
s
(I
Cs)
a
n
d
a
ss
e
m
b
led
p
rin
te
d
c
ircu
it
b
o
a
r
d
s
(P
CBs
),
fa
b
rica
ti
o
n
o
f
th
i
n
fil
m
a
n
d
i
n
terf
a
c
ial
p
h
y
sic
a
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s,
se
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
rs
a
n
d
p
h
y
sic
s.
S
h
e
is
a
lso
a
Tec
h
n
ica
l
E
d
it
o
r
o
f
th
e
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
Sh
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
te
d
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
fa
ra
@u
tem
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
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