Indonesian Journal of
Electrical
Engineer
ing and
Computer Science
V
o
l. 10
, No
. 3, Jun
e
20
18
, pp
. 97
4
~
97
9
ISSN: 2502-4752,
DOI: 10.
11591/ij
eecs.v10
.i3.pp974-979
9
74
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: http://iaescore.c
om/jo
urnals/index.php/ijeecs
L
o
ng
-rang
e
M
o
nit
o
r
i
ng
Sy
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
P
D
MS M
a
ter
i
a
l
Nors
aid
a
h Muham
a
d
Nadz
ir
1
, M.
K.
A.
R
a
him
2
, F.
Z
u
b
i
r
3
, H.
A.
M
a
ji
d
4
1,2,3
Advanced R
F
and M
i
crow
av
e Res
e
arch
Grou
p (ARF
M
R
G)
, Communication Engineer
ing Dep
a
rtment, Faculty
of
Electrical Eng
i
n
eering
,
Univ
ersiti Teknologi
Malay
s
ia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru,
Johor, Mala
y
s
ia
4
Research
Cen
t
er for Applied
Electromagneti
cs,
Universiti
Tun
Hussein Onn Mala
y
s
ia
,
Parit R
a
ja, B
a
tu
Paha
t, Johor, M
a
lay
s
ia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Nov 9, 2016
Rev
i
sed
Feb
20
, 20
17
Accepted
Mar 11, 2017
This paper descr
i
bes the dev
e
lop
m
ent of
a
long r
a
nge monitor
i
ng
s
y
stem th
at
integr
ates Cotto
nwood: UHF Long Di
stance
RFID reader module with
Raspberr
y
Pi 3. When a UHF
RFID ta
g is
within the UHF RFID reader
antenn
a’s range, the unique ID of the tag
will be
transferred
to th
e Raspber
r
y
Pi 3 to be processed. Then
, t
h
e data
will be
sent over to the datab
a
se
wirelessly
to
be managed,
stored, and d
i
splay
e
d
.
The
pa
pe
r a
l
so de
sc
ribe
s
the
measurement done to determine the
most suitable thicknes
s
of PDMS
material so that it could be incor
porat
ed as a wearable tr
ansponder. After th
e
result is ca
lcul
at
ed and tabu
lat
e
d
,
it c
a
n be con
c
l
uded that th
e m
o
st suitable
thickn
ess of PDMS material for
the
transponder
is 8 mm.
K
eyw
ords
:
Mo
n
itoring
syste
m
PDMS m
a
terial
R
a
spbe
rry
Pi
3
UH
F RF
ID
Copyright ©
201
8 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
M
oham
a
d Ka
m
a
l
A. R
a
hi
m
,
Adva
nced RF
and Microwa
v
e
R
e
searc
h
Gr
ou
p (AR
F
M
R
G),
C
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
o
n E
n
gi
neeri
n
g
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
,
Facu
lty of Electrical Eng
i
n
eerin
g
,
Un
iv
ersiti Tekn
o
l
o
g
i
Mal
a
ysia,
8
131
0 UTM Joh
o
r
Bah
r
u
,
Joho
r.
Em
a
il: m
d
k
a
mal@u
t
m
.
my
1.
INTRODUCTION
In t
h
i
s
day
and a
g
e, t
h
e u
s
e of R
a
di
o
Fre
que
ncy
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
cat
i
on (R
FID
)
sy
st
em
s can be see
n
every
w
he
re.
W
i
t
h
rece
nt technology de
velopm
ents, th
e In
tern
et of Th
ing
s
(IoT), an
d
the RAIN RFID
p
a
rt
n
e
rsh
i
p, RFID is go
ing
co
nv
en
tio
n
a
l wi
th
a n
u
m
b
e
r o
f
m
a
j
o
r retailers an
d
m
a
n
u
f
act
u
r
ers in
stallin
g RFID
syste
m
s fo
r h
a
n
d
ling
i
n
v
e
n
t
ories and supp
ly ch
ai
n
s
activ
ities. Two
o
f
t
h
e
larg
est
retailers su
ch
as TESCO and
Marks
and
Spencer (M&S)
have
inc
o
rpora
t
ed RFID i
n
t
h
eir
pr
odu
ct tr
ack
i
ng
system
t
h
rou
gho
u
t
t
h
e
w
h
o
l
e
rang
es
o
f
m
e
rch
a
nd
ises
wh
ich
lead
s t
h
ese
retailers to
h
a
v
i
n
g
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
b
e
n
e
fit. Th
e syste
m
is ab
le to
p
l
ay a
key
part
i
n
e
n
s
u
ri
ng st
af
fs a
r
e
bei
n
g st
at
i
one
d i
n
cu
st
om
er faci
n
g
r
o
l
e
s i
n
st
ead o
f
t
h
e st
a
nda
r
d
adm
i
ni
strat
i
v
e
wo
rk
s suc
h
as
st
ock c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
[1]
.
F
u
rt
herm
ore, pay
m
ent
s
n
o
w ca
n
be m
a
d
e
usi
n
g cre
d
i
t
cards a
n
d de
bi
t
card
s
t
h
at
use
Near
Fi
el
d C
o
m
m
u
n
i
cat
i
on
(N
FC
) w
h
i
c
h i
s
a s
ubs
et
of t
h
e R
F
ID
fam
i
ly
. M
o
re
o
v
er, i
n
per
s
on
nel
identifications, RIFD a
r
e
being i
n
tegr
ated
with access c
o
ntrol syste
m
whic
h
gra
n
ts us
er access to
re
stricted
areas
o
r
bu
ild
i
n
g
s
wit
h
th
eir id
en
tification
s
i
n
th
e system
.
On th
at
n
o
t
e, lo
calizatio
n
syste
m
s ten
d
to use Glob
al
Posi
tioning System
(G
PS) to track
an
d lo
cat
e
user
be
fo
re
di
spl
a
y
i
ng t
h
e res
u
l
t
on
a de
vi
ce
[2]
.
T
h
i
s
sy
st
e
m
has a l
o
t
o
f
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
ons w
h
e
r
e o
n
e
of t
h
em
i
s
t
h
e
in
ab
ility to
sen
d
sign
als fro
m
in
sid
e
of a build
in
g
.
Th
is is d
u
e
t
o
weak
sig
n
a
ls em
itted
b
y
th
e GPS and
th
ei
r
d
i
sab
ility to
g
o
th
rou
g
h
m
o
st b
u
ild
ing
m
a
t
e
rials th
u
s
, m
a
k
i
ng
GPS in
efficien
t in
trackin
g
indo
or subj
ects.
Plu
s
,
GPS also n
e
ed
a clear li
n
e
-o
f-sigh
t from
th
e earth
t
o
th
e sk
y. Th
is
will rend
er t
h
e d
e
v
i
ce u
s
eless du
ring
sto
r
m
y
d
a
ys, rain
y d
a
ys, an
d ev
en in
cloudy d
a
ys. Meanw
h
ile, system
s
d
e
sign
ed
b
a
sed
on
Rad
i
o
Freq
u
e
n
c
y
(RF)
will un
dou
b
t
ed
ly b
e
t
h
e
main
lo
calizati
o
n techn
i
qu
e
as it co
u
l
d
op
erate wh
en
t
h
e rain
pou
rs as it ap
p
lies
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
ISS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
47
52
Lo
ng
-r
an
ge
M
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
Syst
em w
i
t
h
P
D
M
S
Mat
e
ri
al
(
N
ors
a
i
d
ah
M
u
h
a
m
a
d
N
adzi
r
)
97
5
the usa
g
e of electrom
a
gnetic wave
s whic
h i
s
capabl
e
t
o
g
o
t
h
r
o
ug
h o
p
a
que
objects s
u
ch as walls and eve
n
hum
an
b
o
d
i
e
s [3]
.
On t
h
e
ot
he
r h
a
nd
, R
F
I
D
sy
st
em
consi
s
t
s
of t
h
ree com
p
o
n
ent
s
, an R
F
I
D
t
r
ans
p
on
de
r or t
a
g
,
R
F
I
D
read
er, an
d
an
an
ten
n
a
. The tag
con
t
ain
s
an
in
tegr
ated circu
it (IC
)
wh
ich
will b
e
p
o
wered
up
b
y
th
e
electro
m
a
g
n
e
tic waves tran
smit
ted
b
y
th
e
read
er.
Wh
en
the tag
is powered
up
, th
e
IC is
u
s
ed
to
tran
sm
it d
a
ta
to the
RFID
re
ader and t
h
e
n
tran
s
f
erred through a
communication i
n
terf
ace to a c
o
mpute
r
system
whe
r
e it
can
be st
ore
d
,
di
spl
a
y
e
d
,
or
a
n
al
y
s
ed at
a l
a
t
e
r t
i
m
e [4]
,
[
5
]
.
O
n
t
h
e
ot
he
r
han
d
,
t
h
e
r
e a
r
e
ge
neral
l
y
t
w
o
t
y
pes
of R
F
ID
de
vi
c
e
s w
h
i
c
h are
act
i
v
e R
F
ID
a
nd
passi
ve R
F
ID.
The m
a
i
n
di
ffe
re
nce bet
w
een t
h
e t
w
o
i
s
t
h
e
tran
sp
ond
ers
fo
r activ
e RFID h
a
v
e
its o
w
n
tran
sm
itter
an
d
p
o
wer sou
r
ce
wh
ile th
e p
a
ssi
v
e
RFID tran
sp
ond
er
doe
s not
. Pl
us,
act
i
v
e R
F
ID u
s
ual
l
y
operat
e
s
i
n
Ul
t
r
a Hi
gh
Fre
que
ncy
(U
HF)
ban
d
m
e
anw
h
i
l
e
passi
ve
R
F
I
D
can o
p
erat
e i
n
t
h
ree di
f
f
ere
n
t
ban
d
s w
h
i
c
h a
r
e Lo
w Fre
que
ncy
(LF)
ban
d
,
Hi
g
h
Fre
que
ncy
(HF
)
ba
n
d
,
an
d
al
so i
n
UH
F ra
di
o
ba
nd
. Ne
xt
, passi
ve t
a
g
s
are chea
pe
r, s
m
al
l
e
r, and ea
si
er t
o
m
a
nufa
c
t
u
re c
o
m
p
ared t
o
t
h
e
activ
e tag
s
b
e
cau
s
e t
h
ey do
no
t requ
ire th
ei
r own
tran
sm
it
ter or
p
o
wer so
urce, bu
t on
l
y
a tag
ch
ip
an
d an
ant
e
n
n
a.
On t
h
e ot
he
r ha
n
d
, t
h
e rea
d
r
a
n
g
e
of
passi
ve
tag
s
are typ
i
cally l
e
ss th
an
1
0
m c
o
mp
a
r
e
d
t
o
1
0
0
m r
e
a
d
range
of a
c
tive tags as t
h
ey
are limited by the power
of
th
e tag’s
b
a
ck
scatter, or th
e
rad
i
o
si
g
n
a
l
reflected
from
the tag back to t
h
e rea
d
er. Refe
re
nce
pape
rs
[2],
[6
- 9], ela
b
orates
on the
usa
g
e
of R
F
I
D
i
n
di
f
f
ere
n
t
fi
el
ds i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g i
n
do
o
r
l
o
cat
i
on s
e
nsi
ng i
n
hos
pi
t
a
l
s
, i
n
ve
nt
o
r
i
e
s chec
ki
ng
f
o
r
bi
g
ret
a
i
l
e
rs, car t
r
ac
ki
ng
, an
d
ev
en hu
m
a
n
mo
n
itoring
i
n
correction
a
l facilities.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
In t
h
i
s
sect
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
m
e
t
hod fo
r UH
F R
F
I
D
sy
st
em
devel
o
p
m
ent
and t
r
ans
p
o
n
d
er t
e
st
i
ng
i
s
expl
ai
ne
d
and
s
u
m
m
a
ri
zed i
n
t
w
o
di
ffe
r
e
nt
pa
rt
s.
2.
1.
U
H
F RFI
D
S
y
s
t
em Dev
e
l
o
pmen
t
Fig
u
re 1
sho
w
s th
e con
cep
t
of d
a
ta tran
sfer
o
f
th
e m
o
n
itorin
g
system
th
at
co
n
s
ist
o
f
th
e
in
teg
r
ati
on
of
R
a
sp
ber
r
y
P
i
3 a
n
d
C
o
t
t
o
n
w
o
o
d
:
U
H
F
Lo
ng
Di
st
a
n
ce R
F
ID
rea
d
e
r
m
odul
e.
Fi
gu
re
1.
The
c
once
p
t
of
dat
a
t
r
ans
f
er
o
f
UH
F R
F
I
D
m
oni
t
o
ri
ng
sy
st
em
Wh
en
an
RFID tag
is with
in
th
e
read
er an
tenn
a’s rang
e, th
e u
n
i
q
u
e
ID o
f
th
e tag
will b
e
co
llected
an
d
tran
sferred to
th
e Rasp
b
e
rry Pi 3
to
b
e
p
r
o
cessed
.
Nex
t
, th
e Rasp
berry Pi 3
will tr
an
slate, add
d
e
tails o
f
d
e
tectio
n to
t
h
e d
a
ta
ob
tain
ed, and send it to th
e
d
a
tab
a
se c
r
eated
usi
n
g XAMPP softwa
re. After that, the data
can be m
oni
t
o
r
e
d t
h
r
o
ug
h t
h
e
m
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
ce
nt
er t
h
at
di
s
p
lays th
e d
e
tails s
u
ch
as th
e lo
catio
n
of d
e
tected
tag
,
ti
m
e
, d
a
te, and also
th
e list of prev
iou
s
tag
d
e
tectio
n
s
.
T
h
e goal for t
h
is
set up is that
whe
n
e
v
er t
h
e t
a
g is
with
in
t
h
e UHF
RFID read
er an
tenn
a’
s range, th
e
read
er
will co
llect th
e ta
g
ID, sen
d
it
ov
er t
o
Rasp
b
e
rry Pi 3
t
o
be
t
r
a
n
sl
at
ed
an
d
pr
ocesse
d
bef
o
re
se
ndi
ng
t
h
e c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
inf
o
rm
at
i
on t
o
t
h
e
dat
a
base
.
To l
i
nk t
h
e R
a
sp
ber
r
y
Pi
3 t
o
t
h
e UH
F R
F
ID
reade
r
, a
n
al
go
ri
t
h
m
i
s
desi
gne
d s
o
t
h
at
whe
n
a
t
r
ans
p
o
n
d
er
o
r
t
a
g i
s
det
ect
ed
,
t
h
e u
n
i
q
ue
ID
of t
h
e t
a
g i
s
di
spl
a
y
e
d
on
t
h
e
com
m
a
nd
pr
o
m
pt
. Fi
gure
2 s
h
o
w
s
the p
r
ocess
flo
w
cha
r
t f
o
r the
UH
F RF
ID
-Ra
s
pb
er
ry
Pi
3 se
nso
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
502
-47
52
I
ndo
n
e
sian
J Elec Eng
& Com
p
Sci, V
o
l. 10
,
No
.
3
,
Jun
e
2
018
:
97
4 – 97
9
97
6
Fi
gu
re
2.
Pr
oce
ss fl
o
w
c
h
art
f
o
r U
H
F
R
F
I
D
-R
asp
b
er
ry
Pi
3 s
e
ns
or
2.2.
Transponder with PDMS
Materi
al Detec
t
ion
Me
asureme
nt
PDMS m
a
teri
al o
r
po
lyd
i
meth
ylsilo
x
a
n
e
, is a silico
n
e
elasto
m
e
r th
at
is
m
a
in
ly
u
s
ed
to
em
b
e
d
el
ect
roni
c c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
s
u
ch
a
s
chi
p
s, t
h
o
r
u
g
h
cast
i
n
g
whi
c
h
hel
p
s l
e
ngt
he
n t
h
e
l
i
f
espa
n
of t
h
e c
h
i
p
.
P
D
M
S
i
s
wi
del
y
used
as i
t
act
s
as a di
el
ect
ri
c
i
s
ol
at
or an
d p
r
ot
ect
s t
h
e el
ect
ri
cal
co
m
pone
nt
s fr
om
ext
e
r
n
al
envi
ronm
ental influe
nces
a
n
d m
echani
cal shock
[10]. T
o
incorporate we
ar
ab
le tag
u
s
ing
PDMS m
a
ter
i
al for
th
e syste
m
, a s
e
ries o
f
tests an
d
m
easu
r
em
e
n
ts is n
eed
ed
to
d
e
term
in
e th
e
m
o
st su
itab
l
e PDMS th
ickness for
t
h
e t
a
g.
On t
h
a
t
not
e, P
D
M
S
m
a
t
e
ri
al
used i
n
t
h
i
s
m
easurem
ent
has n
o
c
o
l
o
ur a
nd
was
di
vi
de
d i
n
t
o
5
part
s
with
d
i
fferen
t th
ick
n
e
ss as sh
own
in
Fig
u
re 3
.
Th
e tra
n
s
p
onder used is
th
e UPM
RAFLAT
AC D
o
g
B
one
,
wh
ich
h
a
s a
stick
y
b
a
se
so th
at it ho
ld
s
on to
th
e PD
MS m
a
terial b
e
tter. Th
e t
h
ickn
ess of PDMS
material
use
d
f
o
r t
h
i
s
m
easurem
ent
i
s
2m
m
,
3.5m
m
,
8m
m
,
10m
m
,
and
2
0
m
m
.
Fi
gu
re
3.
Di
f
f
e
r
ent
t
h
i
c
k
n
ess
of
PDM
S
m
a
te
rial use
d
for thi
s
m
easurem
ent
Th
e setup
o
f
t
h
e m
easu
r
em
e
n
t is illu
strated
as sh
own
in Fig
u
re
4
.
Th
e
m
easu
r
em
en
t is d
o
n
e
in
a
lin
e-of-si
g
h
t
con
d
ition
an
d th
e resu
lt is tak
e
n
wh
en
t
h
e
d
e
tails of
d
e
tectio
n is shown in
t
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
ISS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
47
52
Lo
ng
-r
an
ge
M
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
Syst
em w
i
t
h
P
D
M
S
Mat
e
ri
al
(
N
ors
a
i
d
ah
M
u
h
a
m
a
d
N
adzi
r
)
97
7
Fig
u
re
4
.
Th
e illu
stratio
n
of setu
p
of m
easu
r
e
m
en
t
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
Th
e resu
lts for UHF RFID
syste
m
d
e
v
e
lop
m
en
t a
n
d
tran
spon
der
with PDMS m
a
terial d
e
tectio
n
measurem
ent is prese
n
ted i
n
t
w
o pa
rts.
3.1.
UHF RFI
D
Sys
t
em Development
Wh
en
t
h
e tag
is with
in
t
h
e
UHF RFID
read
er an
ten
n
a
’s rang
e, th
e
uniq
u
e
ID of th
e tag
will be
co
llected
and
sen
t
ov
er to
th
e
Rasp
b
e
rry Pi 3. Rasp
berr
y Pi 3
will th
en
ad
d o
t
h
e
r
d
e
tection
d
e
tails su
ch
as th
e
d
a
te, tim
e, an
d
th
e lo
cation of th
e sensor and
th
en
di
s
p
l
a
y
t
h
em
on
t
h
e com
m
and
pr
om
pt
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
re
5
.
Nex
t
, th
e
d
a
ta will b
e
stored
in
d
a
tab
a
se
d
e
si
gn
ed
u
s
i
n
g
XAMPP software th
at is also
used
to
devel
op a
n
interface m
odule
that could
display the ID and
the details of detection suc
h
as tim
e
, date, and the
lo
catio
n of t
h
e
sen
s
o
r
. Th
e
u
s
er in
terf
ace wil
l
th
en d
i
sp
lay th
e info
rm
atio
n
sto
r
ed in
t
h
e
datab
a
se as shown in
Figu
re 6 fo
r
m
onito
rin
g
p
u
r
p
oses.
Fi
gu
re
5.
Det
a
i
l
s of
det
ect
e
d
t
a
g
on
R
a
sp
be
rr
y
Pi
3 c
o
m
m
an
d
pr
om
pt
Fi
gu
re 6.
Li
st
of
det
ect
ed
t
a
g hi
st
ory
o
n
dat
a
base
3.2.
Transponder with PDMS
Materi
al Detec
t
ion
Me
asureme
nt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
502
-47
52
I
ndo
n
e
sian
J Elec Eng
& Com
p
Sci, V
o
l. 10
,
No
.
3
,
Jun
e
2
018
:
97
4 – 97
9
97
8
Th
e m
easu
r
emen
t to
ok
p
l
ace in
sid
e
th
e lab
o
r
at
o
r
y with
th
e lin
e-o
f
-sight co
n
d
ition
.
Ev
ery m
e
tre
away from
the UHF RFID a
n
tenna is
m
a
rk
ed
with
a lin
e b
e
fo
re th
e m
e
asurem
ent start. Table 1 shows the
how m
a
ny times the
reade
r
is
able to detect t
h
e tra
n
s
p
onder in
10 sec
o
nd
s without being placed on
the
a
r
m
s
.
Tab
l
e
1
.
D
i
stance v
s
.
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
a
ta co
llected
in 10
seconds
Distance (
m
)
UPM
DogBone
1
2
108
102
3
4
5
98
91
91
Next, the s
u
bject placed t
h
e
trans
p
onder wi
th PDMS m
a
te
rial on he
r a
r
m
and starts the algorithm
.
Th
e resu
lt is as
sh
own
in
Tab
l
e 2
b
e
low. Th
e d
a
ta d
e
no
tes wh
et
h
e
r th
e sen
s
or is ab
le to
d
e
tect th
e tran
sp
ond
er
or
n
o
t
.
Tabl
e
2. T
h
i
c
k
n
ess
of
P
D
M
S
m
a
t
e
ri
al
vs.
Di
st
ance f
r
o
m
UHF R
F
I
D
a
n
t
e
nna
Dista
n
ce (
m
)
<
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
Th
ick
n
ess (
m
m
)
2
3.
5
8
10
20
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
☓
✓
✓
✓
✓
☓
☓
✓
✓
✓
☓
☓
☓
☓
☓
For
distance less than 0.5
metres
away from
the UHF
RFID re
ade
r
an
tenn
a, tag
wi
th
all o
f
th
e
diffe
re
nt thickness of PDMS
m
a
terial was
success
f
ully de
tected. Ne
xt, whe
n
the s
u
bje
c
t is set
to be 1 m
e
tre
away from
the UHF RFID re
ader a
n
te
nn
a, t
h
e tran
spon
d
e
r with
th
e t
h
inne
st PDMS m
a
terial attached c
a
n no
lo
ng
er b
e
d
e
tected
.
After th
at, th
e
s
u
bject
m
oved 1
.
5
m
e
tres a
w
ay
f
r
om
the
UHF RFID reade
r
a
n
tenna, t
h
e
trans
p
onder wi
th 3.5 mm
PDMS m
a
teria
l
coul
d
not
be
det
ected. Fi
nally, whe
n
t
h
e s
u
bje
c
t is placed 2
metres
away from
the
UHF RFID re
a
d
er
ant
e
nna
,
no
ne
of
t
h
e t
r
a
n
s
p
o
n
d
er
i
s
det
e
c
t
ed.
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
The
devel
opm
ent
o
f
m
oni
t
o
r
i
ng sy
st
em
wi
th l
o
ng
det
ect
i
on
usi
ng
U
H
F
R
F
ID
has
bee
n
di
sc
usse
d
.
The
details of
detected tag are success
f
ully displayed
on the Rapbe
rry
Pi
3 c
o
mmand
prom
pt and se
nt
ove
r to
t
h
e dat
a
base
. Next
,
di
ffe
re
nt
t
h
i
c
kness
of P
D
M
S
m
a
t
e
ri
al
is tested
ag
ain
s
t th
is syte
m
t
o
d
e
term
in
e th
e
m
o
st
su
itab
l
e th
ick
n
ess to
b
e
in
co
rpo
r
ated as a wearab
le
tr
an
spon
der
.
By co
m
p
ar
in
g th
e resu
lt b
e
tween
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
th
ickn
esses of
t
h
e
PD
MS m
a
ter
i
a
l
, tr
anpo
nd
er
with
PDMS material o
f
8
mm
is b
e
tter in
term
s
o
f
bal
a
nce b
e
t
w
e
e
n det
ect
i
o
n and t
h
i
c
kne
ss.
On t
h
e
ot
he
r h
a
nd
, t
h
e decl
i
n
e i
n
t
r
ansp
o
n
d
e
r per
f
o
rm
ance not
e
d
fr
om
Tabl
e 1 t
o
Ta
bl
e
2 i
s
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e fact
t
h
at
t
h
e
pr
ope
rt
i
e
s o
f
t
h
e
hum
an ski
n
ca
uses
fr
eque
ncy
s
h
i
f
t
on
t
h
e
trans
p
onder antenna. T
h
e thic
kne
ss
of t
h
e
PDMS
m
a
terial
h
e
lp
s to
co
m
b
at th
is prob
lem
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
The aut
h
o
r
s t
h
ank t
h
e M
i
ni
st
ry
of Ed
ucat
i
o
n (M
OE
) f
o
r s
u
p
p
o
rtin
g the re
searc
h
work;
Research
M
a
nagem
e
nt
C
e
nt
re (R
M
C
), Sc
h
ool
of
Post
gra
d
uat
e
St
u
d
i
e
s (S
P
S
), C
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on E
n
gi
ne
eri
n
g
Dep
a
rtm
e
n
t
, Facu
lty o
f
Electrical En
g
i
neering
(FKE
), an
d
Un
iv
ersiti Tekn
o
l
o
g
i
Malaysia (UTM) Jo
hor
Bah
r
u
f
o
r
th
e su
ppo
r
t
o
f
th
e
resear
ch und
er
g
r
an
t
n
o
16H
08
.
Th
e au
t
h
or
s
w
o
u
l
d also like to
ack
now
ledg
e all
m
e
m
b
ers o
f
A
dva
nce
d
R
F
an
d M
i
cr
owa
v
e Research
Gr
oup
(
A
RFMR
G
)
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Zhang D, Wang
FF, Burgos R, Boro
y
e
v
i
ch D.
Common-
mode
circu
l
ating curr
en
t control o
f
par
a
ll
eled
inter
l
e
a
v
e
d
three-ph
ase two-
leve
l voltag
e
-so
u
rce conv
erte
rs
with discontinuo
us space-vec
t
or
m
odulation.
I
E
EE Transactions on
Power
E
l
ec
tr
oni
cs
.
2011
Dec;26(
12):3925-35.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
ISS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
47
52
Lo
ng
-r
an
ge
M
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
Syst
em w
i
t
h
P
D
M
S
Mat
e
ri
al
(
N
ors
a
i
d
ah
M
u
h
a
m
a
d
N
adzi
r
)
97
9
[2]
Li X, Deng
Z, Chen Z,
Fei Q. Analy
s
is and
sim
p
lific
at
ion of
thre
e-dim
e
nsi
onal space vector PWM for three-phase
four-leg inver
t
er
s.
IEEE
transactions on Industrial Electronics
. 2
011 Feb;58(2):4
50-64.
[3]
Arulm
o
zhi
y
al
y
R, Bas
k
aran K.
Im
plem
entation
of a fuzz
y P
I
controller for speed control of ind
u
ction motors using
FPGA.
Journal of Pow
e
r Electronics.
2010
;10(1
)
:65-71.
[4]
Nadzir NM, Rahim MK, Zubir F, Zabr
i A, Majid HA. Wireless
Sensor Nod
e
with Passive RFID for Indoo
r
Monitoring S
y
s
t
em.
Internationa
l Journal of
Electrical and Comp
uter
Eng
i
neering
(
I
JECE)
. 2017 J
un 1;7(3).
[5]
Zabri A, R
a
him
MK, Zubir F
,
N
a
dzir
NM, Majid HA. Video
Monitoring Appl
ication
Using Wireless Sensor No
de
with Various E
x
terna
l
Antenn
a.
Indonesian Jou
r
nal of Electrical E
ngin
eering
and Computer Scien
c
e.
2017 Apr
1;6(1):148-54.
[6]
Ni LM,
Liu Y,
Lau YC, Patil
AP. LANDMA
R
C:
indoor
location sensi
ng using active RFID.
Wire
le
ss ne
twork
s
.
2004 Nov 1;10(
6):701-10.
[7]
Zhen-peng
L, Z
h
en
y
a
ng G, Kai-
y
u
S, Wen-lei C. Anti-
coll
ision Algorithm
for RFID based on C
ontinuous Collis
ion
Detec
tion.
Indon
esian Journal of
Electrica
l
Eng
i
n
eering and
Computer Science
. 2
013 Dec 1;11(12
):7476-83.
[8]
Angeles R. RFID technologies
: supply
-
ch
ain
appl
ications and impl
ementation issues.
Information sy
ste
m
s
management.
20
05 Dec 1;22(1):51-65.
[9]
Hickm
a
n LJ
, Da
vis
LM
, W
e
lls
E, E
i
s
m
an M
.
T
r
acking In
mates
and Locating Staff w
ith A
c
tiv
e Radio-Frequen
c
y
Identif
ica
tion
(R
FID).
[10]
S
c
hneider
F
,
D
r
aheim
J
,
Kam
b
erger R
,
W
a
l
l
r
a
be U.
P
r
ocess and material
p
r
operties of poly
d
imeth
y
ls
iloxane
(PDMS) for Optical MEMS.
S
e
n
s
ors and Actuato
rs A: Physical.
2
009 Apr 29;151(
2):95-9.
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Norsaidah Muhamad Nadzir receiv
e
d her B. Eng. degree in Elec
trical Eng
i
neering (Computer
Engineering) fro
m
Universiti T
e
knologi Mal
a
y
s
i
a
in 2016
. She i
s
currentl
y
pursuing her M. Eng
.
degree in
Electr
i
cal Eng
i
neering
in Universiti T
e
knologi Malay
s
i
a
. Her research i
n
terest in
clud
es
RFID antennas f
o
r readers and tags, computer aid
e
d design for
antennas, sm
all ant
e
nnas
,
com
puter
s
y
ste
m
s,
a
n
d wire
le
ss se
nsor ne
tworks.
M
oham
a
d Kam
a
l A Rahim
recei
ved the B Eng.
degree in E
l
e
c
tr
ica
l
and Ele
c
tro
n
ic Engin
eering
from University
of Strathclyde, UK, in
1
987.
In
1989, he
join
ed th
e Department
of
Com
m
unication Engine
ering, F
acul
t
y
o
f
El
ectr
i
ca
l Engin
eering
Universiti T
e
k
nologi Mala
ysi
a
Kuala Lum
pur a
s
an As
s
i
s
t
ant Lecturer A. He
obtained his M.Eng
Science from University
of New
South Wales Australia in 1992
a
nd PhD degrees in Electrical
E
ngineering fro
m University
o
f
Birmingham UK in 2003. After
he
receiv
e
d his
Master he was
appoi
nted
as a
Lecturer
at Faculty
of Electr
ical En
gineer
ing. Now
he is th
e Profes
sor in RF and
Antenna
at
Facul
t
y
of
E
l
ec
t
r
ic
al
Engine
ering Uni
v
ers
iti
Tekno
log
i
M
a
l
a
y
s
ia.
S
o
m
e
of his
r
e
s
ear
ch in
teres
t
in
clu
d
es
the
ar
eas
of
design of d
i
electric r
e
sonator
an
tennas, microstrip antennas, RFID
antenn
as
for r
eaders
and
tags
,
microwave cir
c
uits, EBG, ar
tificial magnetic
c
onductors, metamaterials,
phased array
antennas,
com
puter aided
design for antennas, and desi
gn of m
illim
eter frequen
c
y
a
n
tennas. He ha
s
published ov
er 2
00 articles in
jo
u
r
nals
and
conf
er
ence
pap
e
rs
.
Farid Zubir receiv
e
d his first degree in Elec
tri
cal Eng
i
ne
er
ing (Tel
ecom
m
unica
tion) from
Universiti
Tekno
logi Mal
a
y
s
ia in
2008. In 2010, h
e
receiv
ed his M. Eng
.
Degree (C
om
m
unication)
from
the s
a
m
e
univers
it
y
and
was
awarded
Bes
t
P
o
s
t
gradua
te in th
e F
acu
l
t
y
of
El
ectr
i
c
a
l
Engine
ering
as
well
as c
e
rtif
ie
d b
y
th
e Univ
e
r
sit
y
’s Sen
a
t
e
f
o
r Pro-Chance
ll
or Award a
t
th
e
graduation ceremony
. He completed his PhD at the Un
iversity
of
Birmingham for
research in
to the
direct integratio
n of power amplif
iers with
anten
n
as in microwav
e transmitters in
2016. His curren
t
res
earch
int
e
res
t
and s
p
eci
ali
z
a
t
i
on are in
the
ar
ea of RF
and M
i
crowave
te
chno
logies
inc
l
uding
Planar Arra
y
An
tenna
, Di
ele
c
tri
c
Resonator
Ante
nnas (DRAs), Activ
e Integrated
Antenna (AIA),
Microstrip Reflectarr
ay
Antenna (MRA), Elect
ro
m
a
gnetic Band
Gap (EBG), Artifici
a
l Magne
tic
Conductor (AMC), Full-int
e
grat
ed Transm
itting
Am
p
lifiers, Lin
ear PAs, Doherty
PAs and Bias
Decoupling
Circ
uits.
Huda A M
a
jid rece
ived th
e B.
Eng. Degre
e
in
Ele
c
tri
cal
Engin
eering (T
el
ecom
m
unication) from
Universiti
Tekn
ologi Mal
a
y
s
i
a
,
i
n
2007. He th
en
obtain
e
d his M.
Eng. in 2010
an
d PhD degrees in
Electrical
Engin
eering in 2013
, at Universiti Teknol
ogi Malay
s
ia. He is currently
a lectur
er in th
e
departm
e
nt
of E
l
ectrical
Engineering Technolog
y,
Facul
t
y
of
Eng
i
neer
ing T
echno
log
y
, Universiti
Tun Hussein Onn Mala
ysia
. H
i
s resear
ch int
e
rest
includes th
e area of d
e
sig
n
of microstrip
antenn
as
, s
m
all antenn
as
, reconf
igurabl
e
antenn
a
s
, m
e
tam
a
teri
al antenn
as
, m
e
tal
a
tteri
al an
tennas
,
and millimeter
wave an
tenn
as.
He
has published over 50
ar
ticles in
journ
a
ls
and
confer
ence p
a
pers.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.