Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
13
,
No.
1
,
Jan
uar
y
201
9
,
pp.
2
58
~
2
64
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
1
.p
p
2
58
-
2
64
258
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
A novel
co
nfi
guration
of
THz ph
otonic
tra
nsmi
tter
I. Moum
ane
1
, J. Z
bitou
2
, M.
Lat
r
ach
3
, A.
Er
rkik
4
,
O.
Chakk
or
5
1,2,4
La
bora
tor
y
o
f
Mec
han
ic
s,
En
erg
etics,
Elec
t
ro
nic
s a
nd
T
el
e
co
m
m
unic
at
ions LM
EE
T,
FS
TS
Hass
an
1S
t
Univer
si
t
y
of
Settat, Morocc
o
3
Microwa
ve
g
ro
up
ESEO,
Anger
s,
Franc
e
5
ENSA
of
Tetua
n,
Moroc
co
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
4
, 2
018
Re
vised N
ov
19
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Nov
3
0
, 201
8
In
thi
s
pap
er
w
e
pre
sen
t
a
new
design
of
a
ph
otoni
c
tra
nsm
it
t
er
base
d
on
m
ult
i
-
lay
e
rs
subs
tra
te
GaAs
a
nd
using
for
gene
ra
ti
on
of
THz
wave
s.
The
proposed
ci
rcu
it
is
comp
osed
from
a
photode
t
ec
tor
(P
D)
“
which
conve
rts
the
l
igh
t
to
the
elec
tr
ica
l
signal
”
,
THz
Antenna
,
low
-
p
a
ss
fil
te
r
and
DC
probe
.
Firstly
we
have
opt
i
m
iz
ed
the
THz
ant
enn
a
using
an
EM
solver
which
is
Mom
e
ntum
int
egr
at
ed
in
AD
S
“
Advanc
ed
Design
S
y
stem”.
Th
e
n
we
have
opti
m
ized
the
low
pass
fil
ter
which
plays
the
role
of
ind
uct
an
ce
th
a
t
is
an
RF
c
hoke
per
m
it
ing
to
sepa
r
at
e
th
e
RF
signal
from
the
DC
on
e.
Finall
y
,
we
have
associ
ated
the
diff
ere
n
t
components,
add
the
DC
probe
a
nd
sim
ula
te
the
whole
propo
sed
s
y
stem.
The
dimensions
of
the
final
c
irc
u
it
a
r
e
400.
317
×
167
.
16
μ
m
2
.
The
ob
ta
in
r
esu
lt
s pe
rm
it
t
o
v
al
i
dat
e the
fin
al
ci
r
cui
t at
THz
and
m
ake
it suit
abl
e
for
THz
applic
ations.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
C
W
T
Hz phot
on
ic
t
ran
sm
it
ter
s
GaA
s
s
ub
st
rate
Lo
w
-
pass fil
te
r
MSM
-
TP
WD
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
I.
M
ou
m
ane,
Lab
or
at
ory
of
Me
chan
ic
s,
E
ne
rg
et
ic
s,
Ele
ct
r
on
ic
s
and Tele
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s LME
ET,
FSTS Hassa
n 1St
Un
i
ver
sit
y
of Sett
at
, Moro
cco.
Em
a
il
:
m
ou
m
a
neibti@
gm
ail.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Re
centl
y
we
re
m
ark
t
he
fast
gro
wing
of
the
THz
ap
plica
ti
on
s
due
to
a
lot
of
fact
ur
ie
s
rel
at
ed
t
o
t
he
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
the
m
od
er
n
Fem
tosecond
L
asers
a
nd
High
-
Sp
ee
d
P
ho
t
od
et
ect
or
s
.
Ma
ny
resea
r
cher
s
in
dif
fe
re
nt
do
m
ai
ns
s
uc
h
as
biom
edical
i
m
aging,
s
pectr
os
c
opy
,
Sec
uri
ty
an
d
te
le
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
are
f
oc
us
in
g
now
t
heirs
sea
rch
e
rs
on
T
Hz
wa
ves
wh
ic
h
pr
e
sente
d
se
ve
ral
ad
va
ntage
s
base
d
on
int
eracti
vity
with
the
m
at
erial
w
her
e
it
sp
rea
ds an
d fast ab
sorptio
n by the
atm
os
ph
ere
[1].
Be
fore
the
dif
f
ic
ulti
es
of
t
he
THz
dom
ai
n
reside
in
the
ge
ner
at
io
n
a
nd
de
te
ct
ion
.
B
ut
the
sit
uatio
n
are
c
ha
ng
e
d
now
,
for
the
ge
ner
at
io
n
of
the
T
Hz
wa
ves
a
s
a
n
e
xem
ple
m
any
m
et
ho
ds
are
pro
po
se
d
bu
t
the
m
os
t
us
ed
is
t
he
on
e
that
re
la
ys
on
t
he
c
opla
na
r
w
ave
gu
ide
(CP
W)
ph
otonic
tra
ns
m
i
tt
ers
[2
]
.
The
CP
W
te
chnolo
gy
of
f
ers
i
n
fact
se
ve
ral
a
dv
a
nta
ge
s
du
e
t
o
it
s
fe
at
ur
es,
li
ke
l
ow
ra
diati
on
,
l
ow
dis
per
si
on,
easy
of
sh
unts a
nd se
ries co
nnect
ion
s
[3
]
.
In
this
pap
e
r
we
present
a
c
om
pact
phot
onic
tran
sm
i
tt
er
com
po
sed
f
r
om
a
ph
otodete
ct
or
ass
ociat
ed
to
the
T
Hz
a
ntenn
a
,
lo
w
pass
filt
er
an
d
DC
pro
be
Bi
as.
The
f
ollo
wing
s
ect
ion
s
will
stud
y
a
nd
disc
uss
the
desig
n of t
he d
iffer
e
nt c
om
po
nen
ts
.
2.
PHOTO
NI
C T
RANS
MITT
ER S
YS
TE
M
2
.
1.
P
hotodet
ecto
r
“
P
D
”
Photo
detect
or
s
are
sem
ic
ondu
ct
or
de
vice
s
that
ca
n
de
te
ct
op
ti
cal
si
gn
al
s
t
hro
ugh
el
ect
r
on
ic
processes
.
T
he
exten
sio
n
of
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
of
coh
e
re
nt
an
d
i
ncohe
ren
t
li
ght
source
s
int
o
t
he
far
-
infr
a
red
re
gion
on
on
e
ha
nd
an
d
t
he
ultravi
olet
re
gion
on
the
oth
er
ha
s
inc
r
eased
t
he
ne
ed
for
high
-
sp
ee
d,
sensiti
ve
ph
oto
detect
ors.
Th
e
op
e
rati
on
of
a
ge
ner
al
phot
od
et
ect
or
i
nclu
des
ba
sic
al
ly
three
proc
esses:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A novel
c
on
fi
gura
ti
on o
f
TH
z
photonic t
r
an
s
mitt
er
(
I.
M
oumane
)
259
(1)
car
rier
ge
ne
rati
on
by
inci
den
t
li
ght,
(
2)
carrier
tra
nsp
ort
ando
r
m
ulti
p
li
cat
ion
by
cu
r
ren
t
-
gain
m
echan
ism
if prese
nt,
a
nd
(3)
e
xtracti
on
of car
riers as
term
inal curr
e
nt
to pr
ov
i
de
the
ou
t
pu
t
sig
nal [4]
.
Ther
e
exist
m
any
ty
pes
of
ph
otodete
ct
or
s
.
T
hey
are
di
vid
e
d
int
o
tw
o
cl
as
ses;
therm
al
detect
or
s
a
nd
photon
detect
ors.
The
rm
al
detect
or
s
detect
l
igh
t
by
se
ns
in
g
t
he
te
m
per
at
ur
e
rise
w
he
n
the
li
ght
e
ner
gy
is
abs
orbed
at
th
ei
r
da
rk
s
u
r
fac
e.
T
hese
a
re
m
or
e
su
it
able
for
far
-
infr
ar
e
d
wav
el
e
ngths
.
T
ech
nical
ly
they
are
m
or
e
li
ke
the
r
m
al
sensors
an
d
will
be
discu
ssed
to
a
la
r
ge
r
exte
nt
in
the
ne
xt
c
hap
te
r
.
T
he
ph
oton
detec
-
tors
are
base
d
on
the
qua
ntu
m
ph
oto
el
ect
ric
ef
fect:
a
ph
oton
e
xcite
s
a
car
rier
w
hi
ch
c
ontrib
utes
to
the
photo
c
urre
nt [4].
The
photo
el
ect
ric
ef
fect
is
ba
sed
on
t
he
ph
ot
on
e
ner
gy
h
v
,
the
wav
el
e
ngth
of
interest
i
s
relat
ed
to
ener
gy tra
ns
it
ion
AE
in
the
de
vice ope
rati
on, w
it
h t
he o
bv
i
ou
s
but im
po
rt
ant r
el
at
io
nship
[4
]
.
λ
[
µm
]
=
hc
ΔΕ
=
1
.
24
(
)
(1)
Wh
e
re is
λ
the
wav
el
e
ng
t
h,
c
i
s the spee
d of l
igh
t, a
nd
Δ
E is
the tra
ns
it
io
n of ene
r
gy le
vel
s.
A
P
D has
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
pro
pr
ie
ti
es
su
c
h
as:
Sens
it
ivit
y:
Th
e
abili
ty
of
th
e
phot
od
i
ode
t
o
tra
nsfo
rm
lig
ht
a
bsor
be
d
i
nto
a
n
el
ect
rical
curre
nt
in
oth
e
r
te
rm
the
nu
m
ber
of cha
r
ge
ca
rr
ie
r
p
ai
rs
g
e
ner
at
e
d per
incident
ph
oton
[5
]
.
η
e
xt
=
Pd
q
.
h
ν
P
opt
(2)
Re
sp
onsi
vity
:
Wh
e
re
I
pd
is
the
ph
otogene
r
at
ed
cu
rr
e
nt
by
the
abs
orptio
n
of
t
he
opti
cal
input
powe
r
Popt
at
a
fr
eq
ue
ncy
ν
m
entie
d
in
(2).
A
c
omm
on
fig
ure
of
m
erit
is
the
extern
al
res
ponsi
vi
ty
R,
defin
ed
as
the
rati
o of
phot
oc
urren
t t
o
the
in
pu
t
opti
cal
po
wer [
5]:
R
=
Pd
P
opt
=
η
ex
t
λ
[
µm
]
1
.
24
/
(3)
Wh
e
re
R
dep
e
nd
s
on
the
sta
te
of
pola
rizat
io
n
of
the
inc
om
i
ng
li
ght,
t
he
de
fin
it
ion
of
the
po
la
rizat
ion
dep
e
ndent l
os
s
(
P
DL) is
us
ef
ul
[
5]:
PDL
=
10
·
log
(
)
(4)
W
it
h R
m
ax
an
d
Rm
in ar
e the
m
axi
m
u
m
an
d
m
ini
m
u
m
r
esp
on
si
viti
es for
a
ll
stat
es o
f p
olarizat
ion
.
In
orde
r
to
e
va
luate
the
hi
gh
-
sp
ee
d
ph
otodio
de,
t
he
el
ect
rical
3d
B
ba
ndwi
dth
is
us
e
d,
It
s
pecifies
the
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
range
from
DC
to
t
he
c
ut
-
of
f
f
reque
ncy
f
3dB
.
T
he
ba
ndwi
dth
of
a
lum
ped
el
em
ent
phot
od
i
ode,
at
w
hich
the
de
vice
le
ngt
h
is
m
uch
s
horter
than
the
el
ect
rical
sig
nal
wavel
eng
th
,
m
igh
t
be
li
m
i
te
d
m
ain
ly
by
the
RC
-
tim
e
con
sta
nt
a
n
d
t
he
carrier
dri
ft
ti
m
es
in
the
de
pl
et
ion
reg
i
on. T
hese
ba
ndwidt
h
c
onstrai
nts
le
ad
t
o
a
3d
B
b
a
ndwi
dth w
hich
ca
n be
appr
ox
im
at
ed
by [5]:
f
3dB
≈
√
1
1
f
RC
2
+
1
f
t
2
(5)
W
it
h t
he
RC
li
m
it
ed
bandw
i
dt
h
[5
]
.
f
RC
=
1
2π
R
t
ot
C
pd
(6)
And
t
he
ca
rr
ie
r
tran
sit
ti
m
e lim
it
ed
bandw
i
dt
h
[5
]
.
f
t
=
3
.
5
ϑ
̅
2π
d
abs
(7)
R
to
t
sta
nd
s
for t
he p
ho
t
od
i
od
e
s’s
to
ta
l resist
ance i
nclu
ding s
e
ries
and loa
d resist
ances
[5
]
.
C
pd
i
s the
j
unct
io
n ca
pacit
ance
[5
]
.
ϑ
̅
=
√
2
(
1
v
e
4
⁄
+
1
v
h
4
⁄
)
−
1
4
is
the
ave
ra
ge
d
ca
rr
ie
r
dr
if
t
velocit
y
wit
h
t
he
el
ect
r
on
an
d
hole
vel
ociti
es
V
e
and
V
h
[
5].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
2
5
8
–
2
6
4
260
d
a
bs
: The
ab
s
orbe
r
thick
ness [
5].
In
this
w
ork
w
e
ha
ve
c
ho
se
n
t
he
Me
ta
l
Sem
ic
ondu
ct
or
-
Me
ta
l
T
rav
el
i
ng
w
ave
Photo
detec
tor
(MSM
-
TPD)
by
reas
on
of
it
s
high
powe
r
-
ba
ndwidt
h
a
nd
co
plana
r
-
wav
e
gu
i
de
fe
d
slot
owin
g
t
o
it
s
easy
co
nn
ect
ion
with
plana
r
de
vices
[
6
]
.
T
he
PD
base
d
on
GaA
s
s
ub
st
rate
w
hich
c
ha
ra
ct
erized
by
a
s
uccessio
n
of
la
ye
rs
as
m
entioned in
the F
i
g
ure
1 [
7
]:
Figure
1.
Str
uc
ture of
the
phot
od
et
ect
or
base
d on Ga
As su
bst
rate [
7]
2
.
2
.
THz
Wi
deband
Anten
na
The
integ
rati
on
o
f
the
a
nte
nna
int
o
t
he
C
W
photonic
tr
ansm
itter
ci
rcu
it
is
m
and
at
ory
.
It
’s
ro
le
fo
c
us
es
on t
he t
ran
sm
ition
of
the RF si
gn
al
pro
vid
i
ng fro
m
the PD.
In
the
F
ig
ur
e
in
belo
w
we
present
the
desi
gn
of
THz
Ante
nn
a
base
d
on
t
he
m
ulti
la
yer
s
ubstrat
e
pr
ese
nted
in
F
igure
1.
T
he
fi
nal
dim
ensions
are
obta
ined
after
m
any
se
ries
of
op
ti
m
izati
on
us
in
g
dif
fer
e
nt
m
et
ho
ds
i
nteg
rated
in
A
DS
as
Ra
ndom
and
gra
dient
te
chn
i
qu
e
s.
T
he
bowtie
anten
na
structu
re
as
sh
ow
n
in Figu
re
2
a
nd
final
optim
iz
e
d param
et
ers
in Ta
ble
1
.
Fig
ure
2.
The
bowtie
ante
nna
stru
ct
ur
e
Table
1.
T
he
F
inal O
pti
m
iz
ed
Param
et
ers
of
the
Pr
op
os
e
d
CP
W
TH
z
Anten
na
Para
m
eter
Valu
e
(
µm
)
L1
5
5
.09
L2
2
6
.39
L3
6.
93
L4
8
.24
L5
1
1
6
.77
W
1
7
9
.17
W
2
5
W
3
4
8
.10
W4
2
9
.35
W5
6
.27
W6
4
W7
5
Figure
3
prese
nts
the
r
eflect
ion
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
S11
of
the
va
li
dated
ante
nna
with
a
go
od
m
at
ching
i
m
ped
ance
b
el
ow
-
10dB i
n
th
e b
a
ndwidt
h be
tween
1T
Hz
a
nd
1.28THz
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A novel
c
on
fi
gura
ti
on o
f
TH
z
photonic t
r
an
s
mitt
er
(
I.
M
oumane
)
261
Figure
3.
Re
fle
ct
ion
c
oeffici
ent v
e
rs
us
fr
e
qu
ency
To
ha
ve
an
id
e
a
about
the
be
ha
vior
of
t
he
ant
enn
a
we
ha
ve
la
un
c
he
d
a
3D
si
m
ulati
on
at
1.
14
THz
in
ADS,
we
obta
in
the
ra
diati
on
diagr
am
wh
ic
h
sho
ws
th
at
the
ante
nn
a
is
bi
directi
on
al
.
The
ra
diati
on
pa
tt
ern
at
1.14
T
Hz
as
show
n
i
n
Fi
gure
4.
Figure
4.
The
ra
diati
on
patte
r
n
at
1.14 T
Hz
We
hav
e
done
a
com
par
iso
n
betwee
n
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
nten
na
an
d
an
oth
e
r
THz
a
nten
nas
validat
ed
i
n
li
te
ratur
e
to
gi
ve
an
idea
a
bout
the
perf
or
m
ances
of
the
f
i
nal
validat
ed
T
Hz
ante
nn
a
.The
T
able
2
pres
ents
the
diff
e
re
nce in t
erm
o
f
(
dim
ensi
on
s
, fre
quency
band
width)
bet
ween t
he p
rop
os
e
d
a
nten
na
a
nd o
t
her
s
str
uc
tures:
Table
2.
C
om
par
iso
n of t
he A
nten
na
str
uct
ures
An
ten
n
a Str
u
ctu
re
Leng
th
Frequ
en
cy
Ban
d
wi
d
th
Prop
o
sed
Anten
n
a
1
1
7
µ
m
[
1
THz,
1
.28
THz]
An
ten
n
a[
8
]
3
3
0
µ
m
[
1
THz,
1
.25
THz]
An
ten
n
a [
9
]
2
0
0
µ
m
Narr
o
w
ban
d
at
6
4
5
Ghz
An
ten
n
a [
1
0
]
1040
µm
Narr
o
w
ban
d
at 85
0
Ghz
As
sho
wn
in
t
his
ta
ble,
the
pro
po
se
d
ante
nn
a
pr
ese
nts
good
pe
rfo
rm
ances
in
te
rm
of
bandw
i
dt
h
and len
gth
.
2
.
3
.
L
ow
-
P
ass Fi
lter
“LPF
”
Af
te
r
the
opti
m
iz
at
ion
of
T
Hz
An
te
nna
w
e
pass
to
the
s
econd
ste
p
the
validat
io
n
of
t
he
L
PF
[
11
]
,
wh
ic
h
is
res
pons
ible
of
in
bl
ock
i
ng
the
RF
sig
nal
pr
ov
i
din
g
f
ro
m
PD
a
nd
tra
ns
m
itti
ng
via
a
nten
na
t
o
reach
the D
C
probe
Bi
as.
In
t
his
stu
dy
w
e
have
ch
os
e
n
a
a
ste
ped
im
p
edan
ce
LPF
str
uctu
re
prese
nting
i
n
the
s
tu
dy
[12]
wit
h
the
aim
to
increase
the
rej
ec
ti
on
ba
nd.
Th
e
pr
op
os
e
d
LPF
com
po
sed
from
three
un
i
t
cel
ls
as
sh
ow
n
i
n
Figure
5
a
nd
dim
ension
s
are
presente
d
in
Ta
ble 3.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
2
5
8
–
2
6
4
262
Figure
5.
The
lay
ou
t
of the
pe
rio
dic LPF
T
H
z stru
ct
ur
e
Table
3.
Value
s of the
LP
F
P
aram
et
ers
Para
m
eter
Valu
e
(
µm
)
L1
171
L2
4
5
.78
L3
3
2
.74
L4
1
6
.97
L5
1
9
.40
L6
6
.67
W
1
3
7
.29
W
2
7
W
3
1
9
.40
W4
1
0
.91
W5
3
2
.44
W6
9
.09
W7
9
7
.62
The
Fi
gure
6
pr
ese
nts
a
good
lo
w
in
serti
on
los
s,
with
a
cuto
ff
fr
e
quen
cy
of
0.8
8
T
H
z
an
d
a
wide
rej
ect
io
n ba
nd
un
ti
l 1
.1
T
Hz,
wh
ic
h
m
akes th
e
pro
po
se
d
“
LPF“
s
uitable
f
or TH
z
appli
ca
ti
on
s.
To
form
an
idea
a
bout
t
he
f
un
ct
io
n
of
t
he
pro
po
se
d
“
LPF”
st
ru
ct
ure
we
ha
ve
la
un
c
he
d
a
3D
si
m
ulati
on
in
ADS
at
0.7
5
THz
in
the
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
pass
ba
nd
an
d
at
1
T
Hz
in
t
he
re
j
e
ct
ion
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
band.
As
a
res
ult,
we
can
see
f
ro
m
Figure
7
(a
)
th
at
we
ha
ve
a
fl
ow
of
e
ne
rg
y
f
r
om
po
rt
1
to
port
2
an
d
f
or
Figure
9
(b)
the
en
e
r
gy is sto
ped to
rea
ch
the
po
rt 2.
Figure
6.
Sim
ulati
on
S
-
Param
et
ers
res
ults
ve
rsu
s
freq
ue
ncy
(a)
(b)
F
i
gu
r
e
7.
T
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
y
@
0.
75
T
H
z
(
a
)
T
H
z
a
n
d
(
b)
1T
H
z
2
.
4
.
CW Ph
oton
ic
Tran
smitter
Simul
ati
on
Af
te
r
t
he
valid
at
ion
of the
T
Hz
ante
nn
a a
nd the LPF, w
e
hav
e c
onnecte
d
the d
i
ff
e
ren
t
com
po
ne
nts to
the
ph
otodete
ct
or
MSM
-
T
WPD
a
nd
a
dd
e
d
the
DC
pro
be
r
esp
on
si
ble
f
or the
Bi
as
of
the
PD
t
o
ob
ta
in
th
e
final
ci
rcu
it
C
W
ph
otonic t
r
a
ns
m
itter prese
nted
i
n
Fi
gure
8
a
nd
values
of
DC
pro
be param
et
ers
in Ta
ble
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A novel
c
on
fi
gura
ti
on o
f
TH
z
photonic t
r
an
s
mitt
er
(
I.
M
oumane
)
263
Figure
8. The
pro
po
se
d
C
W photo
nic tra
nsm
itter
Table
4.
Value
s of
DC
P
robe
Param
et
ers
Para
m
eter
Valu
e
(
µm
)
L1
400
L2
5
4
.75
L3
9
.42
L4
1
0
.15
L5
1
9
.58
L6
3
5
.17
L7
6
.16
L8
7
.61
W
1
6
.52
W
2
5
W
3
9
8
.06
W4
8
9
.92
W5
9
6
.46
W6
1
1
8
.21
W7
1
6
7
.52
The
Fig
ure
9
pr
ese
nts
the
si
m
ula
ti
on
res
ult
of
the
C
W
T
Hz
phot
onic
transm
itter
wh
ic
h
pe
rm
i
ts
to
validat
e this ci
rcu
it
betwee
n 1.26 T
Hz
a
nd
1.32 T
Hz.
Figure
9.
Sim
ulati
on
S
-
Param
et
ers
res
ults
ve
rsu
s
freq
ue
ncy
3.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
ob
j
ect
if
of
this
pap
e
r
is
the
validat
io
n
of
C
W
ph
otonic
transm
itter
us
ing
for
ge
ne
rati
on
of
T
Hz
wav
e
s.
As
m
e
ntion
e
d
be
fore
the
syst
e
m
is
com
po
sed
f
rom
ph
otodete
ct
or,
THz
ante
nna,
Lo
w
pas
s
f
il
te
r
and
DC p
r
obe. In t
he
first step
we
h
ave c
h
os
e
n
t
he
phot
odet
ect
or
MSM
-
TP
D.
Then
we
pas
s to
the optim
iz
a
ti
on
of
the
THz
ante
nna
w
hic
h
tra
nsm
it
s
the
RF
sign
al
pro
vid
in
g
from
the
PD
.
Af
te
r
we
m
ove
to
the
desig
n
of
t
he
low
pas
s
filt
er
wh
ic
h
blo
c
ks
the
RF
sign
a
l
to
reach
the
DC
prob
e
Bi
as.
And
in
the
final
ste
p
we
hav
e
associat
ed
a
nd
si
m
ulate
d
the
whole
syst
em
us
in
g
a
n
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
so
l
ver
M
om
entum
integrated
i
n
A
DS
un
ti
l
obta
in
th
e
validat
e
res
ul
ts.
The
final
c
ircuit
is
m
ou
nt
ed
on
a
m
ulti
l
ay
ers
Ga
As
substrat
e
a
nd
ha
ving
a
n
area ar
ound
40
0.317
×
167
.
16
μ
m
2
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[
1
]
Bert
ran
d
Gauvr
e
au,
"
Ondes
te
r
a
her
tz,"
Ec
o
le
Po
ly
t
ec
hniqu
e
de
Montréal
,
2500
che
min
de
Pol
y
t
ec
hniqu
e,
Montr
éal
,
QC H3T
1J4,
Ca
nada.
[
2
]
J.
Zbi
tou,
C
.
Minot,
X.
Begaud,
and
B.
Hu
y
a
rt,
"
Bow
-
ti
e
W
ide
band
Ante
nna
Design
for
CW
THz
Phot
onic
Tra
nsm
it
te
rs,"
P
rogr
ess In
El
e
ct
r
omagneti
cs
Re
se
arch
Symposium,
Cambridg
e, USA
,
Jul
y
2
-
6
,
200
8
.
[
3
]
S.
Khire
ddine
,
M.
Driss
i,
R.
So
are
s
,
"
Flat
Group
Delay
Low
Pass
Filt
ers
Us
ing
Two
CP
W
Topol
ogie
s,
"
*
IETR
,
CNRS
UMR
616
4,
INSA
R
enne
s,
France
,
*DAl
igh
tCom,
Lannion,
France
.
[
4
]
S.
M.
Sze,
Kw
ok
K.
Ng”
Ph
y
sics
of
Sem
ic
onduct
or
Devi
ce
s”
Thir
d
Edi
ti
on
A
JOHN
WILE
Y
&
SONS,
JNC.,
PUBLICATION.
[
5
]
Vorgel
egt
von
Diplom
-
Phy
sik
e
r
And
rea
s
Bel
in
g
aus
Bonn
,
"P
eri
odic
Tra
ve
ll
in
g
W
ave
Photodet
e
ct
ors
with
Se
ri
a
l
and
Para
ll
e
l
Opt
i
ca
l
Feed
Based
o
n
InP."
[
6
]
Shi,
J.
-
W
.
,
K.
-
G.
Gan,
Y.
-
J.
Chiu,
Y.
-
H.
Chen,
C.
-
K.
Sun,
Y.
-
J.
Yang,
and
J.
E.
Bowers,
"M
et
al
-
sem
ic
onduct
or
-
m
et
al
tra
v
el
ing
-
wave
photod
etec
tors,
"
IE
EE
Photonics
Techno
log
y
Let
-
te
rs
,
Vol
.
1
3,
No.
6,
623
-
62
5,
Jun.
2001
.
[
7
]
Chi
-
KuangSun,
"THz
Optoelec
tr
onic
s,"
UltraFas
tOpti
cs
Labor
at
ory
(
UFO
)
Gr
a
duate
Insti
tut
e
o
f
Elec
tro
-
Optic
a
l
Engi
ne
ering
and
Department
of El
e
ct
rica
l
Eng
in
ee
ring Na
ti
onal
Taiwan Univ
ersi
ty
Taip
ei
,
TAIW
AN.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
2
5
8
–
2
6
4
264
[
8
]
I.
Moum
ane
,
J.
Z
bit
ou,
A.E
rki
k
.
M.L
at
r
ac
h
,
O.C
hakkor
,
A
.
Fouad
“
Design
of
CW
THz
Photon
ic
tr
ansm
it
te
r
b
ase
d
on
Low
Pass
-
Filt
er and
Bow
-
tie
W
i
deba
nd
Ant
enna
”
IJE
CE
Vol 8,
No
5:Oct
ober
pa
rt I
I
2018
.
[
9
]
Ming
-
Chun
Ti
e
n,
Hs
u
-
Hao
Ch
ang,
Ja
-
Yu
Lu,
Li
-
Jin
Chen,
Shih
-
Yuan
Chen,
Rue
y
-
Be
ei
W
u,
Senior
Mem
b
er,
IEE
E
,
W
ei
-
Shen
g
Li
u,
Jen
-
Inn
Ch
y
i
,
Senior
Mem
ber
,
IE
E
E
,
a
nd
Chi
-
Kuang
S
un,
Senior
M
ember,
I
EE
E
“
Device
Satura
ti
on
Beh
a
vior
of
Subm
il
l
i
m
et
er
-
W
ave
M
e
m
bra
ne
Photonic
Tra
nsm
it
t
ers”
.
[
1
0
]
Yi
-
Chun
Chen,
An
-
Shy
i
Li
u
,
Shih
-
Yuan
Chen,
R
ue
y
-
B
eei
W
u
and
Chi
-
Kuang
Sun.
“
Design
of
Rampart
Slot
Arra
y
Antenna
in
Int
e
gra
te
d
850GH
z
Photonic
Tra
n
sm
it
te
r
“
,
Department
of
El
e
ctr
ic
al
Engi
n
ee
ri
ng
and
Gr
adua
te
Instit
ute of
Comm
unic
ati
on
Enginee
ring,
Gr
aduate
Inst
it
ut
e
o
f
E
l
ec
tro
-
Opti
cal
En
gine
ering
.
[
1
1
]
I.
Moum
ane
,
J.Z
bit
ou,
A.
Erki
k
,
La
rbi
E
l
Abdella
oui,
Abdel
al
i
Tajm
ouat
i
,
M.L
at
r
a
ch
“
Com
pac
t
Ph
otoni
c
Tr
ansm
it
t
er
Based
on
Annul
ar
Ring
Antenn
a
for
TH
z
Appli
c
at
ions
”,TELKO
MNIKA
Vol
.
16
,
No.
5,
O
ct
ober20
18.
[
1
2
]
Jam
es
Sor
Mini
ature
“
Low
-
Loss
CP
W
Periodi
c
Struct
ure
s
for
Fi
lt
er
Appli
cations”
,
Stud
ent
Me
mb
er,
IEEE,
Y
ongx
i
Qian,
Sen
ior M
e
mber,
IE
EE
,
and
Tats
uo
Itoh, Fel
low,
I
EE
E
[
1
3
]
Advanc
ed
D
esig
n
S
y
stem
:
ht
tps:
//
ww
w.key
s
ight
.
com/
.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Ibti
ss
ame
Moum
ane
:
was
born
in
Morocc
o
in
1989,
She
rec
e
i
ved
the
degr
ee
of
engi
neering
i
n
te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
i
on
and
net
work
from
Nati
onal
School
of
Ap
pli
ed
Sci
enc
es
of
Khouribga,
Morocc
o
in
2012.
Curre
ntly
,
Sh
e
is
pre
par
ing
t
he
Ph.D.
in
Univer
sit
y
of
Hass
a
n
1st
in
Sett
at
.
Her
int
ere
sts
in
cl
ude
THz
com
m
unic
at
ion
,
antenna
s,
low
-
pass
fil
te
rs,
photod
e
te
c
tors
and
C
W
Photonic
Tra
ns
m
it
te
r.
Jam
al
Zbi
tou
was
born
in
Fes,
Morocc
o,
in
June
1976.
He
rec
e
ive
d
th
e
Ph.D.
degr
ee
i
n
el
e
ct
roni
cs
from
Pol
y
t
ec
h
of
Na
nte
s,
the
Univ
er
sit
y
of
Nant
es,
Nante
s,
Franc
e,
in
2005.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
an
associate
Profess
or
of
El
ec
t
ronic
s
i
n
FS
T
Univer
sity
Hass
an
1st,
Settat,
Mor
oc
co.
He
is
invol
ved
in
the
design
of
h
y
brid
,
m
onolithic
a
ct
iv
e
and
passive
m
ic
rowave
e
le
c
troni
c
ci
rcu
it
s.
Moham
ed
La
tr
a
ch
and
th
e
was
born
in
Douar
K
siba,
Sl
ess,
Mor
occ
o,
in
1958.
He
recei
v
ed
th
e
Ph.D.
degr
ee
in
el
ectroni
cs
from
the
Univer
sity
of
L
imoges,
Li
m
oges,
Franc
e,
in
1990.
He
i
s
cur
ren
t
l
y
a
Profess
or
of
m
ic
rowave
engi
n
ee
rin
g
with
the
E
cole
Suprieure
d’E
le
c
troni
que
d
e
l’Oue
st
(ESEO),
Angers,
Franc
e,
where
his
rese
a
rch
invol
ves
RF
and
m
ic
rowave
s.
His
fie
ld
of
int
er
est
is
the
design
of
hy
brid
,
m
onoli
th
ic
active,
and
passive
m
ic
rowave
ci
r
cui
ts,
m
et
amate
ri
al
s,
L
H m
at
eri
a
ls, ante
nnas
and their
ap
pli
c
at
ions
in
wir
el
ess Com
m
unic
at
ions.
Ahm
ed
Err
kik
w
as
born
in
Jul
y
1
960
in
Moroc
co.
He
r
ec
e
ive
d
the
Ph.D.
d
egr
e
e
in
ph
y
si
cs
from
the
Univer
si
t
y
of
Te
chno
log
y
Com
pie
gne
(UTC),
Com
pie
gn
e,
Fran
ce.
He
i
s
cur
ren
tly
an
associa
t
e
Profess
or
of
ph
y
sics
in
FS
T
Univer
sit
y
Hass
an
1st,
Settat,
Moroc
co.
He
is
invol
ved
i
n
the
d
esign
of
h
ybrid,
m
onolithic
ac
t
ive
and
p
assive
m
ic
rowav
e elect
ron
ic
ci
r
cui
ts
.
Otm
an
Chakkor
was
born
in
Novem
ber
1977
in
Ta
ngi
er,
Moro
cco.
He
is
a
Prof
e
ss
or
(Hea
d
of
Te
l
ec
om
m
unic
ation
Depa
r
te
m
en
t)
at
Abdelmal
e
k
Essaa
di
Univ
ersity
,
in
Na
ti
o
nal
School
of
Applie
d
Scie
n
c
es
ENSA
in
Te
tua
n
,
Morocc
o
and
m
ember
of
the
RS
AID
La
bora
tor
y
.
He
rec
e
ive
d
h
is
PhD
-
The
sis
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Grana
da
(Spa
in
),
Depa
r
tment
o
f
Archi
tectur
e
and
T
ec
hnolog
i
es
of
Com
pute
r
s;
Area
:
Signal
proc
essing,
H
e
obta
in
ed
his
d
e
gre
e
of
Elec
tri
c
Engi
ne
eri
ng
I
EEA
from
Abdelmale
k
Essaa
di
Uni
ver
sit
y
(Moroc
c
o)
in
1999
.
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