TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.7, July 201
4, pp
. 5104 ~ 51
0
9
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i7.559
9
5104
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 7, 2014;
Re
vised Ma
rch 22, 2014; A
c
cepted Ap
ril 2, 2014
Implementation of Smart Metering Systems: Challenges
and Solutions
Hoss
ein Sha
h
inzad
e
h*
1
, A
y
la Hasana
lizadeh
-Kh
o
s
rosha
h
i
2
1
Departme
n
t of Electrical En
gi
neer
ing, Amirk
abi
r
U
n
ivers
i
t
y
of T
e
chnol
og
y,
T
ehran,
Iran
2
Young R
e
se
ar
chers an
d Elite
Club, T
abriz Br
anch, Islamic
Azad Un
iversit
y
, T
abriz, Iran
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: H.S.Shahinz
ade
h@i
e
e
e
.or
g
A
b
st
r
a
ct
In rece
nt d
e
c
ade, w
i
th
adv
ance
m
ents i
n
telec
o
mmun
ic
ations
a
nd
inf
o
rmatio
n
ma
n
age
ment
systems tech
n
o
lo
gy an
d the
increas
in
g re
quir
e
ments
of
various s
e
ctors of the po
w
e
r industry fo
r
mo
nitori
ng
an
d contr
o
lli
ng
all
of the
net
w
o
rk
compo
n
ents (fro
m pr
oducti
on to
c
onsu
m
ption)
p
o
w
e
r
compa
n
ies fee
l
necessary to add i
n
tell
ige
n
c
e
to their
grid
as a scientific
and pr
ac
tical s
o
luti
on to the u
t
ility
ind
u
stry. In most of the d
e
v
e
lo
ped c
o
u
n
tri
e
s, electric
po
w
e
r compan
ie
s are p
l
an
ni
ng
to put pri
o
rity
on
Smart Gri
d
p
l
ann
ing
a
nd fo
r fulfill
in
g this,
i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
tati
on
of S
m
art
Meterin
g
Syst
ems
a
nd
en
ergy
ma
na
ge
me
nt a
r
e the first
and
most bas
ic st
ep. Cert
ain
l
y, i
n
the
i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
tation
of s
m
ar
t grids
an
d s
m
art
meter
i
n
g
infras
tructure, pow
er
compan
ies w
i
l
l
face tw
o maj
o
r chal
le
nges,
the cost of imp
l
e
m
e
n
ting th
es
e
system
s
and the im
plem
entation complexi
ty
of the system
.
Therefore, this
paper ex
am
ines the challenges
and strateg
i
es i
n
order to b
e
tter imp
l
e
m
e
n
tati
on of these sys
tems in
electric
al gri
d
s.
Ke
y
w
ords
: smart grid, smart meter, a
d
vanc
ed meas
ure
m
e
n
t infrastructur
e
, auto
m
atic
meter read
in
g
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
In recent ye
ars, Sma
r
t
Powe
r Syste
m
s be
ca
me
one of the
hottest sub
j
ects i
n
Engineering.
Many reasons, in
cluding increasing
productivity,
increasing rel
i
ability,
reducing
emission
s
an
d u
s
ing
susta
i
nable
en
ergy
so
urce
s
ca
n
be
nam
ed
a
s
in
ce
ntives f
o
r Sm
art
Gri
d
.
Most of th
e
develop
ed
co
untrie
s
of th
e
wo
rld
in
clu
d
i
ng
the USA, Chin
a
an
d UK
have start
e
d
their motion f
o
r the Smart
Powe
r System.
Smart G
r
id i
s
a
com
b
inati
on of
ele
c
tri
c
al
g
r
ids,
com
m
unication
n
e
twork,
hard
w
are a
n
d
softwa
r
e
for measuri
ng, monitori
ng, controllin
g a
n
d
ma
nagin
g
the ge
ne
ratio
n
, tran
smi
ssi
on,
distrib
u
tion,
storage and consumption o
f
energy.
Sm
ar
t Gri
d
uses digital tech
n
o
logy to co
ntrol
grid
and
ch
o
o
sin
g
the
be
st mod
e
of p
o
we
r di
st
rib
u
tion to redu
ce
ene
rgy con
s
umption, red
u
ce
costs, increase reliability and also in
crease transp
arency in the network.
So, the implementation of the proje
c
ts rela
ted to sm
art measuri
n
g system will
have a
signifi
cant im
pact in th
e fie
l
ds of fina
nce
and e
c
o
nomi
cs
of the po
wer ind
u
st
ry. Tran
spa
r
e
n
cy
of
financi
a
l rel
a
tions i
n
the el
ectri
c
ity market, as we
ll a
s
issue
s
of me
asu
r
em
ent a
nd control l
o
sse
s
and finan
cial
relation
shi
p
s
with cu
stom
e
r
s a
r
e the
other b
enefits
of this proje
c
t. Administrat
i
ve
activities
and
extensive
efforts in thi
s
rel
a
tions
hip
sh
o
u
ld b
e
b
a
sed
on p
r
op
er de
sign
an
d ta
ki
ng
into a
c
count
co
nsi
deratio
ns
su
ch
as the p
r
e
s
ent
a
nd future
sta
t
e of rel
e
van
t
techn
o
logie
s
,
impleme
n
ts b
a
si
c ne
ed
s, oppo
rtunitie
s
and threat
s
arisi
ng from the exe
c
ution.
Develo
pmen
t,
maintena
nce
and ope
rati
on of these
system
s re
q
u
ire
s
app
ro
p
r
iate tech
nical kno
w
le
dge
a
t
different leve
ls of dist
ribut
ion that plan
ning in
thi
s
field is e
s
sen
t
ial now. Met
e
r readin
g
a
n
d
recording th
e
con
s
um
ption
of the
su
bscribers is one
o
f
the very
time co
nsuming
and in
accu
rat
e
pro
c
e
s
ses
which
co
uld b
e
con
s
id
ere
d
a
s
on
e of t
he main con
c
e
r
n
s
of
the elect
r
icity
di
stributi
on
c
o
mpanies
[1, 2].
Advantage
s
of the rem
o
te meter
rea
d
ing a
r
e lo
wer cost
s, ma
intain securit
y
, avoid
wa
sting
e
n
e
r
gy,
redu
cin
g
unauth
o
ri
zed
use or
ta
mpe
r
ing of
meters,
re
du
cing p
r
oble
m
s su
ch
as
the ab
se
nce
of the
sub
s
crib
er at
ho
me at
th
e ti
me of
re
adi
ng o
r
ente
r
i
ng the
h
o
m
e
s
o
f
sub
s
crib
ers,
inadverte
nt o
r
deli
berate
error i
n
the recording of con
s
um
ption
meter rea
d
i
n
g
agent
s in trad
itional metho
d
.
In gene
ral, in
pra
c
tice Sm
art Gri
d
or
smart mea
s
u
r
i
ng net
work f
a
ce
s a lot of
se
curity
chall
enge
s.
For exa
m
ple,
AMI (Advan
ced
Mea
s
u
r
e
m
ent Infra
s
tructure)
co
nsi
s
ts of milli
on
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Im
plem
entation of Sm
art
Meterin
g
Syst
em
s: C
hallen
ges a
nd Solut
i
ons (Ho
s
sein
Shahinzade
h
)
5105
pieces of
ch
eap me
asure
m
ent pro
d
u
c
ts whi
c
h i
s
in
stalled p
h
ysi
c
ally in un
saf
e
situation
s
.
So
obviou
s
ly, these
equi
pme
n
ts may
be
controlled
by
malici
o
u
s
u
s
ers. Se
cu
ri
ng
some
ba
sic
servi
c
e
s
, su
ch
a
s
lo
catio
n
config
uratio
n of
these
equipments is very diffic
u
lt. So, s
e
c
u
rity in the
all stage
s of the pro
c
e
s
s, from mea
s
u
r
e
m
ent by
the
sma
r
t meter and Data
Co
nce
n
trato
r
to the
Central Acce
ss System,
whi
c
h in
clud
e lots
of ha
rdware and
softwa
r
e sy
st
ems shoul
d be
c
o
ns
idered [3, 4].
Con
s
id
erin
g expre
s
sed co
ntent, in this pape
r
we inv
e
stigate the
challen
ges inv
o
lved in
the implem
e
n
tation of
smart g
r
id
an
d specifi
c
ally
sma
r
t mete
ring
network and th
en
some
solutio
n
s a
r
e
pre
s
ente
d
to solve the
s
e p
r
oble
m
s.
2. Smart Grid
The mai
n
co
nce
p
t of the
Smart Gri
d
i
s
a
system
whi
c
h ma
ke
s con
n
e
c
tion
s betwe
en
function
s that
are complet
e
ly automatic, usi
ng com
m
unication te
chn
o
logie
s
a
nd co
mpute
r
, to
have a sy
stem with qui
ck response, automatic op
eration and hi
gh reli
ability. This net
work is
contin
uou
sly receiving info
rmation from different se
ct
ors,
sen
d
info
rmation to different p
a
rts a
n
d
do p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
an
d d
a
ta a
nalysi
s
a
s
well, all in
a
smart m
ann
er.
On
this Gri
d
, informatio
n
is
flowing in dif
f
erent pa
rts
of transmi
ssi
on, di
strib
u
tion and even
the con
s
um
ers. Thi
s
sy
stem
allows the u
s
e of a vari
ety of new very adv
an
ce
d techn
o
logi
es which ma
ke the auto
m
atic
operation p
o
ssi
ble. Thi
s
techn
o
logy, with di
splayi
ng co
nsumpt
ion inform
ation, makes t
he
con
s
um
er
aware
of the a
m
ount of
con
s
umptio
n
a
n
d
con
s
u
m
ption
of ene
rgy at
pea
k time
s.
By
this, the co
sts of the co
nsum
er
coul
d be redu
ce
d [5, 6]. Smart Gri
d
put
s the ele
c
tri
c
ity
distrib
u
tion
sy
stem al
ong
with an info
rma
t
ion sy
stem a
nd
sma
r
t met
e
ring
net
work. Smart mete
rs
may be a pa
rt of the Smart Grid, but they alone
coul
d not form a
Smart Gri
d
. Figure
1 displa
ys
an outline of the implem
ent
ation of sma
r
t grid and
sma
r
t metering n
e
twork [7].
Figure 1. Overview of Smart Grid and S
m
art Meteri
n
g
Network
3. Introducin
g the Co
nce
p
t of Smart
Meterin
g
Sy
stems
Automatic M
e
ter
Rea
d
ing
(AMR)
wa
s
introdu
ce
d in
1962.
Whil
e
wirele
ss or l
andlin
e
telepho
ne sy
stem
s we
re use
d
for data
transmi
ssion
.
These sy
stems were d
e
s
ign
ed to coll
ect
the inform
ation with t
he h
e
lp of a tem
p
ora
r
y ra
dio
li
nk from in
sid
e
a
car i
n
th
e street which is
passin
g
nea
r
the meter o
r
usin
g the lan
d
line ph
one o
r
wirele
ss
ch
annel
s. Since
the pre
s
en
ce
of
a hum
an i
n
t
h
is type
of
system
s a
nd
ne
tworks
i
s
n
e
cessary
for
progra
mming
a
nd
resetting,
the
results of m
easure
m
ent
were not a
c
curate
en
ou
gh. In AMR system, on
ly a one way
comm
uni
cati
on was a
c
ce
ssi
ble a
nd th
erefo
r
e the
i
n
formatio
n was
re
corded
and
sent
on
a
monthly basi
s
and o
n
ly the latest out
age coul
d h
a
ve been re
corded a
nd tracke
d. But the
advan
ceme
nt of new tech
n
o
logie
s
mad
e
the two-way comm
uni
cati
on po
ssi
ble a
nd this cau
s
e
lo
t
of other featu
r
es to be a
ccessible by the grid
man
a
g
e
rs. A typical
AMI network include
s thre
e
main parts:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 7, July 201
4: 5104 – 51
09
5106
a)
Smart meters on the con
s
u
m
er si
de
b)
Comm
uni
cati
on network b
e
twee
n the smart meter a
nd the ope
rat
o
r
c)
Meter Data M
anag
ement A
pplication
The
sma
r
t m
e
ter o
n
the
con
s
um
er
si
de allo
ws el
ectri
c
ity co
m
panie
s
to
offer e
nergy
servi
c
e
s
to
th
e
con
s
um
ers through a G
a
teway with
Energy Servi
c
e Interfa
c
e. Smart meter
has
the ability to express the actual
cost
of the
energy. It also has the
abilit
y to record
the
con
s
um
ption
data
at ea
ch ho
ur and
can
conn
ec
t
or di
sconne
ct the
co
nsu
m
er li
nk to t
he
distrib
u
tion n
e
twork an
d etc.
The network
has the a
b
ility to send the
cont
rol
sign
als an
d com
m
and
s issue
d
by the
control
cente
r
s to the
smart meter a
nd t
r
ansfe
r th
e
re
corded
data
from th
e mete
r to the
control
cente
r
. Wide
Area Net
w
ork (WA
N)
p
r
o
v
ides
th
e co
mmuni
cation
betwe
en Lo
cal
Are
a
Networks
(LAN) an
d compute
r
s. In
Advance
d
Measurement
Infrastructu
re (AMI), WA
N e
s
tablishe
s the
con
n
e
c
tion b
e
twee
n the
m
easure
m
ent
system an
d m
e
ter d
a
ta ma
nagem
ent
system
whi
c
h
may
inclu
de only
WAN network o
r
incl
u
des
WAN a
nd LAN and
dependi
ng
on the sele
cted
comm
uni
cati
on tech
nolo
g
y
, at the first the inform
atio
n coul
d be
re
ceived at a
concentrato
r a
n
d
then tran
smit them [8-10].
Meter Data Manag
eme
n
t Application
includ
es h
a
r
dware and
softwa
r
e
s
which a
r
e
cap
able
of an
alyzing
data
of the con
s
u
m
ption of
th
e
co
nsu
m
ers i
n
ea
ch
hou
r
and
colle
ct th
ese
data from m
e
ters
and transmit the
m
throug
h co
mmuni
cation
netwo
rks. A
M
I colle
cts
meter
readi
ng
s h
o
u
r
ly with
its
re
cording
time
and
date
and
se
nd
s thi
s
d
a
ily to the
co
ntrol
com
pute
r
o
f
electri
c
ity co
mpany an
d finally it con
c
e
n
trat
es i
n
me
ter data ma
n
ageme
n
t syst
em and billi
n
g
informatio
n
woul
d be
re
ady at the t
i
me an
d the
n
u
s
ing
WA
N retra
n
smit
it to the L
o
cal
Distri
bution
Control and
Local Dist
rib
u
tion Cont
ro
l
provide
s
en
ergy co
nsum
ption informa
t
ion
throug
h bill
s
and o
n
line
acce
ss. Fi
gure
2 displays
ou
tline and th
e
cla
ssifi
cation
of the advan
ced
techn
o
logie
s
whi
c
h are used in the impl
em
entation of
advanced m
e
te
ring sy
ste
m
(AMI).
Figure 2. Co
mpone
nts of AMI Sy
stems Netwo
r
k A
r
chitecture
The AMI system provide
s
a variety of pricin
g option
s
. Price policy
could tra
n
sf
er so
me
unne
ce
ssary
usa
g
e
s
from
pea
k hou
rs to the non
-pe
a
k ho
urs whi
c
h
cau
s
e red
u
cin
g
gri
d
failure
durin
g pe
ak
hours. Mani
p
u
lation dete
c
t
i
on metho
d
s
in sma
r
t gri
d
are b
e
yond
locking a
nd t
h
e
detectin
g
se
aling flow of
the meter. In additi
on to
physical det
ection of ma
nipulation,
smart
meter sh
ould
be able
to
record
the
e
n
vironm
ental
co
ndition
s
o
f
the
mete
r and dete
c
ts the
events
whi
c
h
are
an in
dication of phy
si
cal m
anipul
at
ion of the m
e
ter. In this m
e
ch
ani
sm, lo
se
s
and
peri
o
d
s
with voltage
drop
s
are de
termine
d
an
d
also the i
n
verse e
n
e
r
gy
flow
sho
u
ld
be
detecta
ble by
the softwa
r
e
of the meter. If the subs
cri
bers have a
role in dist
ribu
ted pro
d
u
c
tio
n
s,
the reverse
e
nergy flo
w
do
es not me
an
a revers
al
of the meter
and
other ma
nipu
lation dete
c
tion
method
s a
r
e
re
quired to
differentiate
betwe
en
m
e
ter m
anip
u
lati
ons an
d the
po
wer
which is
given to the grid [11].
4. Challenge
s of the Impl
ementa
tion
of Smart Me
tering Sy
stems and AMI
One
of the p
r
ese
n
t challen
ges in im
ple
m
entation
of
Smart Mete
ri
ng a
nd AMI
and lo
ad
respon
se
systems is a ne
ed to define comp
re
hen
si
ve standa
rd
s on equipme
n
ts, data se
curity,
and tran
smitting financi
a
l informatio
n and also the t
y
pe of intera
ction betwee
n
this system
with
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Im
plem
entation of Sm
art
Meterin
g
Syst
em
s: C
hallen
ges a
nd Solut
i
ons (Ho
s
sein
Shahinzade
h
)
5107
distrib
u
tion m
anag
ement systems an
d building aut
om
ation system
s. In addition, implementati
o
n
of the sma
r
t metering
sy
stem requi
re
s a sub
s
t
ant
ial initial investment in
communi
catio
n
s
infrast
r
u
c
ture
con
s
tru
c
tion
and re
pla
c
em
ent of t
he measu
r
em
ent eq
uipment
s of the su
bscri
b
e
r
s.
Acco
rdin
g to the studie
s
whi
c
h is
don
e
at t
he global
level, attacke
rs d
e
tect the
su
ccess
or failu
re of
the attack to
the syste
m
by
analyzi
n
g
the co
mpo
n
ents of the
AMI system
and
perfo
rming
speci
a
l exp
e
ri
ments.
The
n
a
ture
of
the
s
e
da
mage
s
could be a sig
n
of wea
k
n
e
ss
in
system d
e
si
g
n
or wea
k
ne
ss in the imple
m
entation
of i
t. Design e
r
ro
rs a
r
e de
rived
from the ba
si
c
con
c
e
p
ts of
the archite
c
ture
of the system
. Th
e origi
n
of these dam
ag
es often lie
s in
comm
uni
cati
on proto
c
ol
s and se
cu
rity stand
ard
s
.
Most of these
probl
em
s occur be
cau
s
e the
se
curit
y
of
t
he sy
st
em i
s
t
a
ke
n in low l
e
v
e
ls in
o
r
de
r to improve the ea
se of u
s
e, which co
ul
d be
a re
ally dan
gero
u
s
de
cision. Accordin
g to the
stated issu
es, it
coul
d be
d
e
rived that t
he
impleme
n
tation of th
e
Smart Mete
ring
system
s face
s t
w
o
big
ch
alle
nge
s: first, the
impleme
n
tation cost
s of
comm
uni
cati
on infrastruct
u
re
and th
e
se
con
d
i
s
the compl
e
xity of
impleme
n
tation of these
system
s an
d comm
uni
ca
tion infra
s
tructures
of them. Of co
urse
colle
cting exi
s
ting mete
rs
and outdate
d
informat
ion
and co
mmuni
cation
sites
will be one of
th
e
major p
r
o
b
le
ms for el
ectri
c
ity comp
ani
es in t
he futu
re. Furth
e
rm
ore, with im
p
l
ementing S
m
art
Grid p
o
lici
e
s,
electri
c
ity co
mpanie
s
wou
l
d face
wi
th a
large n
u
mb
e
r
of data which will be
sent
at
once to them, which req
u
ires hig
h
ca
pa
city stor
a
ge d
e
vice
s to store this inform
a
t
ion [12, 13].
Therefore
it is recomme
n
ded to p
o
wer com
panie
s
t
o
initially inst
all AMIs for indu
strial
load
s and
co
nsum
ers with
large capa
cit
y
.
5. The Secur
i
t
y
Risks an
d Strategies
of De
a
ling
w
i
th them in Smart Meterin
g
Sy
stems
Due to the e
x
tensivene
ss of AMI systems,
stu
d
yin
g
stro
ng an
d
wea
k
point
s of th
e
se
curity of thi
s
n
e
two
r
k is
nec
essa
ry. Hence, a
c
cordi
ng to
disc
u
ssed se
curity requireme
nts of
the Smart Gri
d
, it is essent
ial that all the m
anufa
c
turers, sup
p
liers
and
re
gulato
r
s coo
perate
in
orde
r to increase aware
n
e
ss and to
ensure
se
cu
ri
ty of the AMI systems i
n
future. So, we
contin
ue with
evaluating secu
rity
features of sma
r
t meters and a
l
so se
cu
rity desig
n to provide
informatio
n confidentiality in AMI system
s.
5.1. Securit
y
Featur
es of
Smart Meter
s
In general re
quire
d se
cu
rit
y
features in
sma
r
t meters coul
d be cate
gori
z
ed a
s
fol
l
ows:
a)
Usi
ng
standa
rd commu
nication interfa
c
es for
co
mm
unication bet
wee
n
mete
rs and
comm
uni
cati
on modul
es
b)
Usi
ng the sa
me stand
ard pr
otoc
ol for data trans
f
er
c
)
Information
S
e
c
u
rity
1. Cryptog
r
a
phy
2. Authenticatio
n
3.
Manag
eme
n
t of validness o
f
data
4.
Dete
cting un
authori
z
e
d
intrusi
o
n
5.
Loggi
ng and
che
c
king all
chang
es that
a
r
e appli
ed to data and
conf
iguratio
n
d)
Secu
rity of informatio
n exchang
e in bilat
e
ral relation
s
1. Open
stand
ard
proto
c
ol
s
2.
Sufficient ban
dwidth for d
a
ta excha
nge
3.
Simplicity of its extensi
o
n
4.
No interfa
c
e
with other n
e
tworks
5.
The ability to read
con
s
u
m
ption, load,
voltage, cu
rre
n
t, power fa
ct
or and p
o
we
r
in ca
se
In addition, i
n
ord
e
r to ha
ve an app
rop
r
iate security desig
n, the followin
g
pri
n
ciple
s
shoul
d
be
provide
d
:
a)
Integrity: se
curing th
e a
c
cura
cy and
co
mpletene
ss o
f
information
and p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng
method
s.
b)
Availability: e
n
suring t
hat the authorized users have access to the information
c)
Authenticatio
n: ensu
r
ing th
at only authoriz
ed u
s
e
r
s h
a
v
e access to the inform
atio
n.
d)
Confid
entiality: ensurin
g that the inform
a
t
ion is just u
s
ed by the authori
z
ed u
s
e
r
s.
In ord
e
r to
p
r
ovide th
e co
nfidentiality o
f
information
in AMI syste
m
s the
followings
sh
ould
be
adhe
red:
a) Data
en
crypti
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 7, July 201
4: 5104 – 51
09
5108
b)
Con
s
e
r
vation
of important resou
r
ces by
limiting acce
ss
c)
Dete
ction of loggin
g
in of authori
z
ed p
e
o
p
le
d)
A mecha
n
ism
to prevent un
authori
z
e
d
pe
ople
The ability o
f
remotely u
pdating a
nd
defining
se
cu
rity levels, metering
settin
g
s an
d
config
uratio
n [14].
5.2. Securit
y
Strate
gies to Enhance
I
n
formation Securit
y
in
S
m
art Grids
The mo
st co
mmon way to prote
c
t informatio
n is usin
g a password to en
crypt the
netwo
rk info
rmation. By using e
n
cryption of net
wo
rk information t
he acce
ss of the unauth
o
ri
zed
peopl
e to the
encrypted i
n
formatio
n is li
mited an
d onl
y the peo
ple
who
have th
e
en
cryption
keys
are
able
to
open
the e
n
c
ryption
an
d
use
its info
rmation. Nowadays mo
st
of the info
rm
ation
encryption m
e
thod
s an
d
model
s a
r
e u
s
ed
abo
ut co
m
puters. Mo
st of the information en
cryption
system
s for d
a
ta netwo
rks
are divide
d in
to two main g
r
oup
s:
a)
Symmetric ke
y encryption
b)
Public key en
cryption
(a
symmetric)
In the symmetric
key encryption meth
od, eac
h syst
em or compu
t
er has a
n
e
n
cryptio
n
key, which is
use
d
to e
n
cry
p
t a data
pa
cket p
r
io
r
to
se
nd d
a
ta on
a
netwo
rk o
r
to
a sy
stem o
r
t
o
anothe
r co
mp
uter.
In the symme
tric key en
cry
p
tion, at first i
t
is necessa
ry to determin
e
whi
c
h of th
e node
s
of the netwo
rk wants to
excha
nge inf
o
rmatio
n wit
h
others, a
fter dete
r
minin
g
each of them,
encryption
ke
y shoul
d be i
n
stalle
d on e
a
ch
of the
compute
r
s. All
the inform
ation sent by the
computer is encrypted
wi
th encryption key and t
hen the encrypted
inform
ation will
be sent.
After
receiving th
e
en
crypted
in
formation
by
the re
ce
ive
r
comp
uters, in
formation
wo
uld b
e
en
co
d
e
d
by the e
n
cryp
tion key and
the info
rmatio
n will
be
ch
an
ged to
the init
ial state
of it
and it
woul
d
be
usable. In the case that the receiver of t
he dat
a has
not the proper encryp
tion
key, it will not be
able to de
cry
p
t and use the informatio
n.
The publi
c
(a
symmetri
c
)
key encryptio
n
met
hod use
s
a com
b
inati
on of a private and a
publi
c
key. Private Key only belongs to the tran
sc
eive
r system an
d
public key is shared with
all
the com
pute
r
s that want to
comm
uni
cat
e
with e
a
ch o
t
her by the transceive
r
sy
stem. To de
co
de
an en
crypted
messa
ge, th
e de
stination
com
pute
r
m
u
st
u
s
e publi
c
key,
whi
c
h
is sent by
the
transceive
r
, a
l
ong with its o
w
n private
ke
y.
Due
to the l
o
ng time th
at i
s
con
s
um
ed f
o
r the
compu
t
ations i
n
the
publi
c
(a
symmetric)
key en
cryptio
n
, most of the system
s u
s
e a co
m
b
inat
ion of publi
c
(asy
mm
etri
c) and symmet
r
ic
keys. In this
ca
se, if there
shoul
d be a
data
exch
ang
e betwe
en two node
s,
one
of the syste
m
s
cre
a
tes a
sy
mmetric
key
and
se
nd
s it
to the ot
h
e
r
comp
uter u
s
i
ng a
pu
blic (asymmet
r
ic)
key
encryption. T
hen tran
scei
ver an
d receiver
system
s
would
be
able to
com
m
unicate u
s
i
n
g
symmetri
c
ke
y encryption.
At the end
of the commu
n
i
cation, u
s
e
d
key lo
se
s its
cre
d
ibility an
d in o
r
de
r to
have a
new
commu
n
i
cation, a
n
e
w
symmetri
c
key sho
u
ld
b
e
cre
a
ted
an
d the li
sted
p
r
ocess shoul
d be
repe
ated [15]
.
Develo
p and
impleme
n
t an
archite
c
tu
re
usin
g
private
and pu
blic ke
ys is very important
and u
s
ing
symmetric
and
asymmetri
c
algorith
m
s
wi
th the best a
nd most
se
cure key leng
th
should be practical for
LAN network.
Furtherm
ore,
using Elliptic Curv
e Cry
p
tography
(E
CC)
algorith
m
wit
h
192 bit key
length could
establi
s
h
a
n
accepta
b
le secu
rity over the WA
N network.
Another avail
able process for detectin
g
the
sen
d
in
g of the information by a
secure
sou
r
ce is u
s
i
ng the well known metho
d
of authent
ication. If the data are valid, the netwo
rk is
awa
r
e of th
e
identificatio
n
of the se
nde
r and g
e
t the
assuran
c
e th
at the data h
a
ve not chan
ged
from the cre
a
tion mome
n
t
to the moment t
hat you have re
cei
v
ed it. With combini
ng the
encryption
a
nd a
u
thenti
c
ation p
r
o
c
e
s
se
s a
se
cure environm
e
n
t co
uld
be
cre
a
ted fo
r
data
excha
nge in
Smart Grid
s.
6. Conclusio
n
No
wad
a
ys p
o
we
r co
mpa
n
ies n
eed e
x
tens
ive use
of the modern m
e
thod
s and
techn
o
logie
s
to offer better se
rvice to
thei
r cu
stom
ers a
nd resp
ond to the n
eed
s of power
indu
stry. So,
there
is a
wi
despre
ad
mo
vement to
wa
rd im
pleme
n
tation of Sm
a
r
t Gri
d
in
ma
ny
regio
n
s of th
e world.
The
first
step
to
ward Sma
r
t
Grid
is imple
m
enting
sm
a
r
t mea
s
u
r
em
ent
sy
st
em
s,
but
sin
c
e t
h
i
s
p
r
o
c
e
ss i
s
v
e
ry
e
x
t
ens
ive an
d
compli
cate
d; the prope
r im
plementatio
n
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Im
plem
entation of Sm
art
Meterin
g
Syst
em
s: C
hallen
ges a
nd Solut
i
ons (Ho
s
sein
Shahinzade
h
)
5109
not po
ssible
without
havin
g a
good
un
d
e
rsta
ndin
g
a
n
d familia
rity with the
stru
ctu
r
e a
nd fu
nctio
n
of these
syst
ems a
nd the
i
r ch
allen
g
e
s
. This
p
ape
r
evaluated th
e overall
structure of sm
art
measurement
system
s and
some
challe
nge
s and
stra
tegies to overcome the
m
were exp
r
e
s
se
d.
One
of the
major techni
cal
ch
allen
g
e
s
in
impl
eme
n
ting Sma
r
t
Grid
is the l
a
ck of
a
stand
ard
inte
rface
an
d dat
a exch
ang
e
betwe
en diffe
r
ent p
a
rt
s of
the gri
d
an
d
also th
e
se
cu
re
comm
uni
cati
on
sub
s
trate
s
to
exchang
e data
ea
sie
r
a
nd more accurate.
Th
erefo
r
e, strat
egic
planni
ng for
Smart G
r
id
will be a
help
to overcome
these
ch
allen
ges. Se
cu
rity of inform
atio
n
excha
nge in
the Grid is also of utmost im
po
rta
n
ce
whi
c
h requires p
r
e
c
i
s
ion a
nd proper
sub
s
trate
s
fo
r these
syste
m
s. One
of the metho
d
s
of cre
a
ting a
safe e
n
viron
m
ent in the S
m
art
Grid is
a com
b
ination of en
cryption a
nd
authenti
c
atio
n.
To summa
rize the e
c
o
nom
ical
chall
eng
e
in implem
ent
ing smart m
e
asu
r
em
ent sy
stem
s,
we
can
say t
hat the initial
co
st is extre
m
ely high.
S
o
to re
solve t
h
is, at first
smart mea
s
u
r
ement
system
s can
be install
ed
for only indu
strial
su
b
s
cri
bers an
d on
es
with larg
e
loads, a
nd t
hen
these
system
s co
uld be ex
pand
ed to the
househol
d sector ove
r
tim
e
.
Referen
ces
[1]
McHenr
y MP.
T
e
chnical a
nd
gover
nanc
e co
nsid
eratio
ns fo
r adva
n
ced m
e
terin
g
infrastr
ucture/smar
t
meters:
T
e
chn
o
lo
g
y
, sec
u
rit
y
,
uncertai
n
t
y
, co
sts, benefits, and risks.
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ang X, Yi P. Securit
y
fra
m
e
w
ork
for
w
i
re
less
commu
nicati
ons
in
s
m
art distri
buti
on
grid
.
IEEE
T
r
ansactio
n
s o
n
Smart Grid
. 2011; 2(4): 8
09-
18.
[3]
W
ang W
,
Xu
Y, Khan
na M.
A surve
y
o
n
t
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unic
a
tion arc
h
itectur
e
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art gri
d
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mp
uter
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orks
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1: 55(15): 3
604
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[4]
Shah
inza
de
h H, Ghotb H.
Loa
d Estimati
on an
d
Sup
p
o
rting En
erg
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y
i
n
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Internatio
na
l Journ
a
l of Sci
e
n
t
ific and Eng
i
n
eeri
ng Res
earc
h
. 2012: 3(
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[5]
Hua
L, Jung
u
o
Z
,
F
antao L
.
Internet of T
h
in
gs T
e
chnol
og
y a
nd its A
pplic
atio
ns in
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T
E
LKOMNIKA Indon
esi
an Jou
r
nal of Electric
al Eng
i
ne
eri
ng.
2014: 1
2
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40–
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[6] Hasa
nal
izad
eh
-Khosros
hah
i
A.
Sensor N
e
tw
orks in Deman
d
Sid
e
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d
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Internatio
na
l
Confer
ence
o
n
T
e
chnica
l a
nd P
h
ys
ica
l
Probl
ems of
Po
w
e
r E
n
g
i
ne
erin
g. Nor
w
a
y
,
F
r
edrikstad, Ostfold Univ
ersit
y
Co
lle
ge. 2
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: 5-7.
[7]
Bagh
ar-Nasr
a
b
adi S, Sh
ahi
n
z
ade
h H. Eva
l
uati
on of E
x
i
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