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25
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.
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,
J
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2022
,
pp.
238
~
246
I
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N:
2502
-
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DO
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.
11591/i
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.
v
25
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1
.
pp
238
-
246
238
Jou
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m
a
t
r
i
x
c
o
di
n
g
a
n
d
l
e
a
s
t
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
bi
t
m
a
t
c
hi
ng
(
L
S
B
M
)
m
e
r
g
i
ng
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
i
e
s
f
o
r
da
t
a
e
m
b
e
dd
i
ng
.
An
e
e
s
e
t
al
.
[
6]
,
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
m
e
t
h
o
d
of
hi
d
i
ng
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
in
t
h
e
s
pa
t
i
a
l
do
m
a
i
n
us
i
ng
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
m
a
p
s
to
R
e
s
ol
ve
p
i
x
e
l
po
s
i
t
i
o
ns
.
Ne
e
t
a
e
t
al.
[
7]
s
ugge
s
t
e
d
us
i
n
g
He
n
o
n
r
a
n
do
m
m
a
p
s
f
o
r
m
a
s
k
i
ng
i
m
a
ge
s
a
n
d
to
e
n
ha
n
c
e
t
r
a
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
L
S
B
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
.
L
i
u
a
n
d
X
i
a
[
8
],
t
h
e
a
ut
h
or
s
pr
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
m
a
p,
c
a
l
l
e
d
t
wo
-
di
m
e
ns
i
o
n
a
l
t
r
i
a
n
g
l
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
c
o
m
bi
na
t
i
o
n
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
m
a
p
(
2D
-
T
F
C
D
M
)
,
us
i
n
g
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
a
l
c
u
l
u
s
.
Al
s
o
,
th
e
Kh
a
o
b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
s
a
r
e
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d
n
u
m
e
r
i
c
a
ll
y
.
Ne
x
t
,
di
a
gr
a
m
s
of
bif
ur
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
t
a
ge
p
i
c
t
ur
e
s
a
r
e
s
h
o
wn
.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
de
t
a
c
h
e
d
pa
r
t
i
a
l
m
a
p
is
c
o
nv
e
r
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
an
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
by
pr
o
duc
i
n
g
t
h
e
ke
y
s
t
h
r
o
ugh
t
h
e
e
ll
i
pt
i
c
c
ur
v
e
in
a
s
pe
c
i
f
i
e
d
f
i
e
l
d.
In
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
,
b
ot
h
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
P
a
t
r
o
a
n
d
P
o
i
n
t
i
a
s
ugge
s
t
e
d
t
h
e
us
e
of
1D
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
m
a
p
in
c
o
nj
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
a
bi
t
-
l
e
v
e
l
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
f
o
r
i
m
a
g
e
e
n
c
r
y
pt
i
o
n
[
9
].
T
h
e
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
is
t
wo
-
s
t
a
ge
,
f
i
r
s
t
l
y
t
h
e
1D
li
ne
a
r
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
m
a
ps
us
e
d
a
r
e
us
e
d
in
a
bi
t
l
e
v
e
l
pr
o
pa
ga
t
i
o
n
pr
o
c
e
s
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
us
e
t
h
e
b
e
t
a
m
a
p
f
o
r
bi
t
-
l
e
v
e
l
s
c
r
a
m
bli
ng
,
r
o
ws
,
a
n
d
c
o
l
u
m
ns
.
In
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
[
10
],
M
a
n
da
l
a
n
d
Da
s
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
e
n
c
od
i
n
g
a
n
d
de
c
o
di
n
g
c
o
l
o
r
i
m
a
ge
us
i
ng
mi
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
.
T
w
o
mi
c
r
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
l
e
r
s
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
dr
i
v
e
r
a
n
d
dr
i
v
e
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
h
a
t
h
e
l
ps
in
t
r
a
n
s
mi
t
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
c
e
i
v
i
ng
da
t
a
.
2.
I
M
AGE
S
T
E
GANOGRAP
HY
T
h
e
i
m
a
ge
s
t
e
ga
n
o
gr
a
phy
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
us
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
c
o
n
c
e
a
l
m
e
n
t
bi
t
i
n
s
i
de
t
h
e
L
S
B
c
o
v
e
r
i
m
a
ge
.
In
t
hi
s
m
e
t
h
o
d,
it
is
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
us
e
a
l
o
s
s
l
e
s
s
c
o
m
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
b
e
c
a
us
e
t
hi
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
us
e
s
bi
t
s
pe
r
p
i
x
e
l
.
If
t
h
e
l
o
s
s
l
e
s
s
c
o
m
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
is
n
o
t
us
e
d,
t
h
e
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
hi
dd
e
n
in
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
m
a
y
be
l
o
s
t
du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
m
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
pr
o
c
e
s
s
[
11
]
,
[
12]
.
If
a
24
-
b
i
t
c
o
l
o
r
i
m
a
ge
is
us
e
d,
t
h
e
n
y
o
u
can
us
e
f
o
r
each
of
t
h
e
c
o
l
o
r
s
(
r
e
d,
bl
ue
,
y
e
ll
o
w)
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
s
a
v
e
3
bi
t
s
pe
r
pi
x
e
l
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
m
o
r
e
da
t
a
can
be
hi
dde
n
.
In
ge
n
e
r
a
l
,
f
o
r
i
m
a
ge
s
t
e
ga
n
o
gr
a
phy
,
a
ny
of
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
a
t
s
,
po
r
t
a
bl
e
ne
t
wo
r
k
gr
a
phi
c
s
,
(
P
NG
)
a
n
d
j
o
i
n
t
ph
oto
gr
a
phi
c
e
x
pe
r
t
s
’
gr
o
up
(
J
P
E
G)
.
C
an
be
us
e
d
to
hi
de
t
h
e
s
e
c
r
e
t
m
e
s
s
a
ge
[
13]
.
On
e
of
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
po
r
t
a
n
t
m
e
t
h
o
ds
us
e
d
in
c
o
nc
e
a
l
m
e
n
t
is
t
h
e
L
S
B
.
T
h
e
i
de
a
of
t
hi
s
t
e
c
hni
que
is
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
m
a
ll
e
s
t
bi
t
s
in
e
a
c
h
i
m
a
ge
c
a
n
be
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
r
a
n
do
m
n
o
i
s
e
,
so
c
h
a
n
g
i
ng
t
h
e
m
do
e
s
n
o
t
c
h
a
n
ge
t
h
e
a
ppe
a
r
a
n
c
e
of
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
.
T
hi
s
i
de
a
can
be
c
o
ns
i
de
r
e
d
as
t
h
e
b
a
s
is
of
t
hi
s
m
e
t
h
o
d,
in
s
h
o
r
t,
t
h
e
m
e
s
s
a
ge
bi
t
s
a
r
e
r
e
p
l
a
c
e
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
e
m
be
dd
i
ng,
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
bi
t
s
b
e
i
ng
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
ut
e
d
e
v
e
nly
.
S
o
m
e
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
c
h
a
n
ge
t
h
e
vi
s
i
t
e
d
L
S
B
pi
xe
l
s
in
a
r
a
n
do
m
wa
l
k.
O
t
h
e
r
s
c
h
a
n
ge
t
h
e
p
i
x
e
l
s
in
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
a
r
e
a
s
of
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
,
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
ng
or
de
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
i
x
e
l
v
a
l
ue
i
ns
t
e
a
d
of
c
ha
n
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
bi
t
[
14]
.
An
o
t
h
e
r
f
u
n
da
m
e
n
t
a
l
c
a
t
e
gor
y
of
s
t
e
ga
n
o
gr
a
phy
t
e
c
hni
que
is
de
f
i
a
n
t
l
y
t
he
m
o
s
t
de
v
e
l
o
pe
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
do
m
a
i
n
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
in
w
hi
c
h
a
us
e
d
n
u
m
be
r
of
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
m
e
r
e
ly
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
do
m
a
i
n
m
e
t
ho
ds
hi
de
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
in
s
i
gni
f
i
c
a
n
t
a
r
e
a
s
of
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
i
m
a
ge
whi
c
h
m
e
r
e
l
y
m
a
ke
s
t
h
e
m
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
us
t
to
p
o
s
s
i
bl
e
a
tt
a
c
ks
[
15
]
.
T
h
e
us
e
of
r
e
du
n
da
n
c
y
in
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
of
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
c
o
s
i
n
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
(
DC
T
),
whi
c
h
is
us
e
d
in
J
P
E
G
c
o
m
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
,
is
m
o
s
t
of
t
h
e
wo
r
k
of
t
hi
s
gr
o
up.
Of
c
o
ur
s
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
ot
h
e
r
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
t
h
a
t
us
e
ot
h
e
r
c
o
n
ve
r
s
i
o
n
do
m
a
in
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
do
m
a
i
n.
E
m
b
e
dd
i
ng
in
t
h
e
DC
T
dom
a
i
n
[
16]
is
do
n
e
s
i
m
p
ly
by
c
h
a
n
g
i
ng
t
h
e
DC
T
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
,
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
by
c
h
a
n
g
i
ng
t
h
e
m
i
nim
u
m
bi
t
v
a
l
u
e
of
each
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
.
On
e
of
t
h
e
l
im
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
of
e
m
be
dd
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
DC
T
d
o
m
a
i
n
is
t
h
a
t
m
a
ny
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
64
to
z
e
r
o,
a
n
d
a
c
h
a
n
ge
in
m
a
ny
va
l
ue
s
f
r
o
m
z
e
r
o
to
n
o
n
-
z
e
r
o
w
i
ll
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
h
e
c
o
m
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
[
17]
.
He
n
c
e
,
us
i
ng
DC
T
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
f
e
w
e
r
bi
t
s
t
h
a
n
L
S
B
f
o
r
hi
d
i
ng
a
n
d
e
m
b
e
dd
i
ng.
T
h
e
e
m
be
dd
i
ng
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
a
l
s
o
de
pe
n
d
s
on
t
h
e
t
y
pe
of
im
a
ge
us
e
d
f
o
r
DC
T
e
m
b
e
dd
i
ng
.
T
hi
s
is
b
e
c
a
us
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
of
n
o
n
-
z
e
r
o
DC
T
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
m
a
y
v
a
r
y
de
pe
n
d
i
ng
on
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
t
e
x
t
ur
e
.
3.
CHAOT
I
C
M
AP
S
C
ha
o
s
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
l
y
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
a
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
pe
r
i
o
d
i
c
b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
in
a
de
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
s
t
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
h
a
t
t
y
p
i
c
a
ll
y
pe
r
m
i
t
s
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
s
e
ns
i
t
i
vi
t
y
to
a
ny
s
li
g
h
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
in
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
va
l
u
e
s
or
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
.
C
h
a
o
s
is
gr
a
t
e
f
u
l
l
y
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
o
n
e
of
t
h
e
pot
e
n
t
i
a
l
b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
s
po
s
i
t
i
ve
l
y
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
wi
t
h
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
i
n
uo
us
gr
o
w
t
h
of
a
no
nl
i
ne
a
r
phy
s
i
c
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
It
o
r
di
n
a
r
i
ly
o
c
c
ur
s
f
o
r
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
c
on
s
i
d
e
r
a
bl
e
v
a
l
ue
s
of
s
y
s
t
e
m
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
[
18
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
t
w
o
t
y
pe
s
of
c
h
a
ot
i
c
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
th
e
1s
t
t
y
pe
is
c
h
a
ot
i
c
f
l
o
ws
a
r
e
kn
o
wn
as
c
o
n
t
i
n
ue
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
a
n
d
can
be
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
wi
t
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
e
qu
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
m
a
ny
t
y
pe
s
of
c
h
a
ot
i
c
f
l
o
w
s
uc
h
as
L
or
e
n
z
,
R
o
s
s
l
e
r
a
n
d
C
h
a
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
[
1
9
]
.
W
hil
e
t
h
e
2
nd
t
y
p
e
s
of
c
h
a
o
s
a
r
e
c
ha
ot
i
c
m
a
ps
a
r
e
r
e
f
e
r
r
i
n
g
to
t
h
a
t
wi
t
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
e
qua
t
i
o
ns
.
Al
s
o
,
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
m
a
p
s
h
a
v
e
m
a
ny
t
y
pe
s
s
uc
h
as
l
o
g
i
s
t
i
c
,
He
n
o
n
,
Do
f
f
i
ng
a
n
d
Du
f
f
i
ng
m
a
p
s
[
20
]
,
[
21]
.
In
t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r
a
r
e
us
e
d
Du
f
f
i
ng
m
a
p
a
l
s
o
k
n
o
wn
as
“
Ho
l
m
e
s
m
a
p”
is
a
pa
r
t
f
r
o
m
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
m
a
p
s
a
n
d
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
t
i
m
e
d
y
na
mi
c
a
l
s
ys
t
e
m
s
.
It
is
an
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
of
a
dy
n
a
mi
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
h
a
t
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
ly
e
xhi
b
i
t
s
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
[
22
]
,
[
23]
.
T
h
e
us
e
d
Duf
f
i
ng
m
a
p
n
a
t
ur
a
l
ly
c
o
ns
i
de
r
s
a
m
i
n
o
r
po
i
n
t
(X
n
,
Y
n
)
in
t
h
e
us
e
r
pl
a
ne
a
n
d
m
a
ps
it
to
a
n
e
w
po
i
n
t
gi
v
e
n
by
(
1)
.
+
1
=
+
1
=
−
+
+
3
.
(
1)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
Vo
l
.
25
,
N
o
.
1
,
J
a
n
ua
r
y
20
22
:
238
-
246
240
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
t
wo
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
a
n
d
b,
a
=
2.
75
and
b
=
0.
2
to
t
y
p
i
c
a
ll
y
pr
o
duc
e
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
b
e
ha
vi
o
r
.
T
h
e
t
r
a
j
e
c
t
o
r
y
a
n
d
o
r
bi
t
a
r
e
t
w
o
pr
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
t
e
r
m
s
us
e
d
to
pr
o
pe
r
l
y
de
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
t
h
e
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
of
t
h
e
s
e
n
o
n
-
s
t
a
t
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
T
h
e
t
r
a
j
e
c
t
o
r
y
n
a
t
ur
a
l
l
y
r
e
ga
r
ds
t
h
e
tr
a
c
k
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
by
t
h
e
f
l
o
w
-
t
h
r
ough
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
of
po
i
n
t
s
whi
c
h
a
m
a
p
m
o
ve
d
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
t
i
m
e
-
do
m
a
i
n
w
il
l
be
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
by
a
s
t
r
a
n
ge
a
tt
r
a
c
to
r
in
t
h
e
ph
a
s
e
s
p
a
c
e
.
W
hi
l
e
t
h
e
s
t
r
a
n
ge
a
t
t
r
a
c
to
r
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
l
y
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pr
i
m
e
-
t
i
m
e
s
e
r
i
e
s
of
t
h
e
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
F
i
gur
e
1
(
a
)
s
uf
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
il
l
us
t
r
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
pr
i
m
e
-
t
i
m
e
s
e
r
i
e
s
of
t
h
e
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
g
i
ng
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
(
dy
na
m
i
c
s
)
of
t
h
e
s
t
r
a
n
ge
a
tt
r
a
c
to
r
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
i
gur
e
1
(
b
)
.
(
a
)
(
b
)
F
i
gur
e
1.
Duf
f
i
ng
m
a
p
a
l
o
go
r
i
t
hm
,
(
a
)
T
i
m
e
s
e
r
i
e
s
f
o
r
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
du
f
f
i
ng
m
a
p
a
n
d
(
b
)
s
t
r
a
n
ge
a
tt
r
a
c
to
r
f
o
r
d
u
f
f
i
ng
m
a
p
T
h
e
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
of
Du
f
f
i
ng
m
a
p
f
r
o
m
a
ny
va
r
i
e
s
s
ma
l
l
c
h
a
n
ge
in
a
ny
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
of
i
ni
t
i
a
l
v
a
l
ue
s
m
a
ke
t
h
e
n
e
w
t
r
a
j
e
c
to
r
y
a
f
t
e
r
s
o
m
e
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
i
gur
e
2,
wh
e
r
e
v
a
l
ue
s
of
bl
ue
l
i
ne
a
r
e
X
(
1)
=
-
1,
Y
(
1)
=
0.
5,
a=
2
.
75
&
b=
0.
15
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
v
a
l
ue
s
b
ut
s
l
i
g
h
t
c
h
a
n
ge
in
t
h
e
r
e
d
l
i
ne
.
F
i
gur
e
2
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
e
s
t
h
a
t
m
a
ke
a
n
e
w
t
r
a
j
e
c
t
o
r
y
b
e
c
a
us
e
t
hi
s
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
.
Al
l
t
h
e
i
ni
t
i
a
l
v
a
l
ue
s
a
n
d
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
wi
ll
be
us
e
d
as
a
ke
y
f
r
o
m
to
an
e
n
c
r
y
pt
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
F
i
gur
e
2.
Duf
f
i
ng
m
a
p
s
e
ns
i
t
i
vi
t
y
f
r
o
m
i
ni
t
i
a
l
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
4.
M
E
T
HO
DOL
OG
Y
OF
P
ROP
OS
E
D
AL
GO
RI
T
HM
T
h
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
of
hi
d
i
ng
da
t
a
is
n
o
t
e
n
o
ugh
to
i
mm
u
nit
y
of
da
t
a
a
ga
i
ns
t
f
r
o
m
a
t
t
a
c
k
b
e
c
a
us
e
j
u
s
t
to
kn
o
w
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
e
a
v
e
s
dr
o
ppe
r
i
m
a
ge
s
e
n
t
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
n
be
r
e
t
r
i
e
ve
d
in
a
s
im
p
l
e
m
a
nn
e
r
.
In
o
r
de
r
to
o
b
t
a
i
n
a
v
e
r
y
hi
g
h
l
e
ve
l
of
hi
dde
n
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
we
pr
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
m
e
t
h
o
d
b
a
s
e
d
on
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
by
ge
ne
r
a
t
i
n
g
r
a
n
do
m
i
nde
x
v
e
c
t
o
r
(
R
I
V
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
hi
dd
e
n
da
t
a
i
n
s
i
de
t
h
e
L
S
B
of
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
p
i
xe
l
s
.
In
o
r
de
r
to
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
R
I
V
,
th
e
t
h
r
e
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
m
us
t
be
m
e
t
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
I
S
S
N:
2502
-
4752
De
s
ign
s
e
c
ur
e
multi
-
lev
e
l
c
omm
unication
s
y
s
tem
bas
e
d
on
duff
ing
c
haoti
c
map
and
…
(
A
li
aa
Sadoon
A
bd)
241
1.
T
h
e
l
e
n
gt
h
of
R
I
V
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
be
e
qua
l
to
t
h
e
l
e
n
gt
h
of
da
t
a
to
be
hi
dde
n
.
2.
T
h
e
va
l
ue
s
of
R
I
V
m
u
s
t
be
t
r
ue
v
a
l
ue
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
a
nge
of
R
I
V
b
e
g
a
n
f
r
o
m
1
to
m
u
l
t
i
p
ly
t
h
e
d
i
m
e
ns
i
o
ns
of
im
a
ge
(
r
*c
*d)
.
3.
Not
to
dupl
i
c
a
t
e
a
ny
i
nde
x
f
r
o
m
R
I
V.
Af
t
e
r
t
h
e
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
R
I
V
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
e
s
pe
c
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
h
i
d
e
t
h
e
da
t
a
i
n
s
i
de
t
h
e
L
S
B
of
i
m
a
ge
p
i
x
e
l
s
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
c
h
a
ot
i
c
s
t
e
ga
nn
o
gr
a
phy
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
.
T
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
is
us
e
d
to
pr
o
duc
e
R
I
V
b
a
s
e
d
on
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
Du
f
f
i
ng
m
a
p.
1.
L
o
a
d
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
pi
c
t
ur
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
e
c
r
e
t
m
e
s
s
a
ge
.
2.
C
o
n
ve
r
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
pi
c
t
ur
e
wi
t
h
d
i
m
e
ns
i
o
n
s
(
r
*c
*d)
to
o
n
e
v
e
c
t
or
.
W
h
e
r
e
:
r:
No.
of
r
o
ws
,
c:
N
o.
of
c
o
l
u
m
n
,
d:
D
i
m
e
ns
i
o
ns
of
p
i
xe
l
.
3.
C
o
n
ve
r
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
c
r
e
t
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
to
bi
n
a
r
y
da
t
a
.
4.
Ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
r
a
n
do
m
n
u
m
be
r
s
(
C
R
N)
a
n
d
mu
l
t
i
p
l
i
e
d
by
a
l
a
r
ge
n
u
m
be
r
l
i
ke
(
10
12
).
=
(
∗
10
12
)
(
2)
5.
Ob
t
a
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
r
a
n
do
m
i
n
d
e
x
to
e
m
b
e
d
bi
na
r
y
da
t
a
by
us
i
ng
t
h
e
e
qua
t
i
o
n
:
6.
=
[
,
(
∗
∗
)
]
.
7.
R
e
pe
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
f
r
o
m
s
t
e
p
4
a
n
d
c
h
e
c
k
if
t
h
e
n
e
w
i
n
de
x
is
us
e
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
,
a
n
d
m
u
s
t
be
c
h
a
nge
d
ot
h
e
r
w
i
s
e
.
It
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
s
t
h
e
r
e
pe
a
t
i
n
g
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
n
t
a
i
l
r
e
a
c
h
to
t
h
e
tot
a
l
l
e
n
gt
h
of
bi
na
r
y
m
e
s
s
a
ge
.
8.
E
m
be
dd
i
ng
e
a
c
h
bi
t
f
o
r
m
bi
na
r
y
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
in
t
h
e
L
S
B
of
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
p
i
c
t
ur
e
,
v
e
c
t
or
b
a
s
e
d
on
a
r
a
n
d
o
m
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
i
nde
x
.
9.
F
i
na
ll
y
r
e
c
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
e
d
t
h
e
S
t
e
g
o
-
i
m
a
ge
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
d
i
m
e
ns
i
o
n
.
R
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
uc
t
e
d
t
h
e
S
t
e
go
-
i
m
a
ge
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
or
i
g
i
na
l
d
i
m
e
ns
i
o
n
.
5.
M
E
ASURI
NG
OF
I
M
AGE
QUAL
I
T
Y
T
h
e
pr
i
m
a
r
y
go
a
l
of
us
i
n
g
S
t
e
ga
n
o
gr
a
phy
is
H
i
d
in
g
c
o
nf
i
de
n
t
i
a
l
da
t
a
i
n
s
i
d
e
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
f
i
l
e
(
a
ud
i
o
,
ph
o
to
,
a
n
d
vi
de
o
)
.
in
a
wa
y
t
h
a
t
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
i
bl
e
.
It
c
a
n
be
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
n
a
ke
d
h
u
m
a
n
e
y
e
s
or
e
x
po
s
e
d
a
n
d
m
a
ni
pu
l
a
t
e
d
by
s
p
i
e
s
.
As
a
r
e
s
u
l
t
,
t
h
e
di
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
o
c
c
ur
s
in
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
f
i
l
e
b
e
g
i
ns
w
i
t
h
a
s
li
g
h
t
di
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
to
s
e
v
e
r
e
.
M
e
a
s
ur
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
n
g
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
r
e
qu
i
r
e
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
.
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
is
us
e
d
to
m
e
a
s
ur
e
t
h
e
a
c
c
e
pt
a
bil
i
t
y
of
t
hi
s
d
i
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
t
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
.
T
h
e
s
e
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
a
r
e
us
e
d
f
o
r
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
us
e
d
in
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
a
r
e
l
i
s
t
e
d
:
M
e
a
n
s
qua
r
e
d
e
r
r
or
(
M
S
E
)
P
e
a
k
s
i
g
n
a
l
t
o
n
o
i
s
e
r
a
t
i
o
(
P
S
NR
)
S
tr
uc
t
ur
a
l
s
im
il
a
r
i
t
y
i
nde
x
(
S
S
I
M
)
T
h
e
s
e
t
e
s
t
s
a
r
e
a
ppl
i
e
d
to
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
f
i
l
e
,
w
h
e
r
e
a
c
om
pa
r
i
s
o
n
is
m
a
d
e
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
or
i
g
i
na
l
im
a
ge
a
n
d
th
e
i
m
a
ge
a
f
t
e
r
hi
d
i
ng,
a
n
d
t
hi
s
is
do
n
e
us
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
AB
,
it
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
z
e
s
t
hi
s
de
s
i
g
n
.
5.
1
.
M
e
an
s
q
u
ar
e
d
e
r
r
o
r
(
M
S
E
)
T
h
e
m
e
a
n
s
qua
r
e
d
e
r
r
o
r
s
(
M
S
E
)
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
w
o
i
m
a
ge
s
a
r
e
1
(
m
,
n
)
a
n
d
2
(
m
,
n
)
is
c
a
n
be
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
(
3)
[
24
]
,
[
25
].
=
1
∗
∑
∑
(
1
(
,
)
−
2
(
i
,
j
)
)
2
=
1
∗
=
1
(
3)
In
t
h
e
(
3)
1
is
o
r
i
g
i
na
l
im
a
g
e
,
1
Is
S
t
e
g
o
-
i
m
a
g
e
,
a
n
d
a
r
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
of
r
o
ws
a
n
d
c
o
l
u
m
ns
in
an
i
nput
i
m
a
ge
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
ly
(
D
i
m
e
ns
i
o
n
of
i
m
a
ge
m
a
t
r
i
x
)
.
5.
2
.
P
e
ak
s
ign
al
to
n
ois
e
r
at
io
(
P
S
NR
)
It
is
an
e
x
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
r
a
t
i
o
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
po
we
r
of
t
h
e
n
o
i
s
e
,
is
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d
in
de
c
i
be
l
s
(
dB
)
a
n
d
it
is
a
goo
d
m
e
a
s
ur
e
f
o
r
c
o
m
pa
r
i
ng
r
e
s
tor
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
i
m
a
ge
.
P
S
NR
wi
ll
h
e
l
p
to
a
v
o
i
d
t
hi
s
pr
o
bl
e
m
by
s
c
a
li
ng
t
h
e
M
S
E
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
t
h
e
g
i
v
e
n
i
m
a
ge
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
(
4)
[
25
]
,
[
26]
.
(
)
=
10
log
10
[
255
2
]
.
(
4)
5.
3
.
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
l
s
i
m
il
a
r
it
y
in
d
e
x
(
S
S
I
M
)
It
is
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
f
o
r
m
e
a
s
ur
i
ng
t
h
e
s
im
il
a
r
i
t
y
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
wo
i
m
a
ge
s
as
in
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
pr
e
di
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
qua
li
t
y
of
t
h
e
im
a
ge
.
T
h
e
e
qua
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
S
tr
uc
t
ur
a
l
S
im
il
a
r
i
t
y
I
n
d
e
x
c
a
n
be
vi
e
we
d
in
(
5)
[
23]
.
W
h
e
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
Vo
l
.
25
,
N
o
.
1
,
J
a
n
ua
r
y
20
22
:
238
-
246
242
,
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
l
o
c
a
l
m
e
a
ns
,
,
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
de
vi
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
hil
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
c
r
o
s
s
-
c
o
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
.
(
%
)
=
(
2
+
1
)
(
2
+
2
)
(
2
+
2
+
1
)
(
2
+
2
+
2
)
×
100%
.
(
5)
6.
S
I
M
UL
AT
I
ON
RE
S
UL
T
S
AND
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
T
h
e
pr
i
m
a
r
y
go
a
l
of
us
i
n
g
S
t
e
ga
n
o
gr
a
phy
is
H
i
d
in
g
c
o
nf
i
de
n
t
i
a
l
da
t
a
i
n
s
i
d
e
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
f
i
l
e
(
a
ud
i
o
,
ph
o
to,
a
n
d
vi
d
e
o
)
.
I
n
a
wa
y
t
h
a
t
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
i
bl
e
.
It
c
a
n
be
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
n
a
ke
d
h
u
m
a
n
e
y
e
s
or
e
x
p
o
s
e
d
a
n
d
m
a
ni
pu
l
a
t
e
d
by
s
p
i
e
s
.
As
a
r
e
s
u
l
t
,
t
h
e
di
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
o
c
c
ur
s
in
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
f
i
l
e
b
e
g
i
ns
w
i
t
h
a
s
li
g
h
t
di
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
to
s
e
v
e
r
e
.
A
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
de
l
b
a
s
e
d
on
blo
c
k
di
a
gr
a
m
g
i
ve
n
in
F
i
gur
e
1,
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
de
s
i
g
ne
d
us
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
.
T
h
e
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
us
e
d
in
t
h
e
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
we
r
e
as
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
(
X
(
1)
=
-
1,
Y
(
1)
=
0.
5
,
a
=
2.
75
&
b
=
0.
15
).
6.
1
.
Re
s
u
l
t
of
s
t
e
gan
ogr
ap
h
y
In
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
t
h
e
pr
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
of
s
t
e
ga
n
o
gr
a
phy
w
a
s
a
pp
l
i
e
d
to
an
i
m
a
ge
t
h
a
t
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
an
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
v
e
r
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
i
gur
e
3
it
s
i
z
e
(
41.
3
K
B
)
,
(
512
*
341
pi
x
e
l
s
)
.
An
o
t
h
e
r
i
m
a
g
e
wa
s
us
e
d
to
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
m
e
s
s
a
ge
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
i
gur
e
3
,
i
t
'
s
s
i
z
e
a
b
o
ut
(
8)
t
im
e
s
l
e
s
s
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
of
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
as
f
o
l
l
o
ws
:
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
of
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
wi
t
h
hi
dde
n
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
m
a
g
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
(
m
e
s
s
a
ge
)
a
f
t
e
r
r
e
tr
i
e
vi
n
g
i
t
,
s
e
c
ur
e
in
C
h
a
o
t
i
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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243
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1.
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0.083
74.87
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gur
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5.
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nf
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Af
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6
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=
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b=
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15.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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244
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.
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[6
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:
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.
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.
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2
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ngi
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g
and
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e
c
hnol
ogy
(
M
U
C
E
T
2012)
,
K
a
nga
r
,
P
e
r
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s
,
M
a
la
y
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ia
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l.
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oi
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Q.
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in
g
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nd
J.
P
a
n,
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he
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e
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gn
al
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s
in
g
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A
ppl
ic
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io
ns
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i
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A.
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ur
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l.
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o
.
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ig
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s
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e
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.
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ns
in
o
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is
.,
vo
l.
39,
n
o
.
1
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2017,
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o
i:
10.1590/1806
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R
B
E
F
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]
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ov
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ha
o
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ig
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h
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C
om
m
uni
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te
m
s
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i:
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3
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642
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9
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.
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a
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o
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.
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Si
m
ul
at
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n
,
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o
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i:
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]
J.
F
e
ng,
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ha
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I
P
A
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anc
e
s
,
v
o
l.
8,
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o
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i:
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65.
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]
X.
W
a
ng,
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Z
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o
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L
iu
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m
uni
c
at
io
ns
,
v
o
l.
285,
n
o
.
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2012,
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i
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pt
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o
m.2011.10.098.
[2
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]
R
.
W
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,
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.
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.
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g
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haos
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it
ons
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F
r
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ls
,
vo
l.
27,
no
.
1,pp.
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06,
do
i:
10.1016/j
.
c
ha
o
s
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[2
3
]
R.
J.
A
nde
r
s
o
n
a
nd
F.
A.
P
e
ti
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s
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E
E
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our
nal
on
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te
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ar
e
a
s
in
c
om
m
uni
c
at
io
ns
,
v
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l.
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no
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o
i
:
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[2
4
]
T.
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.
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uma
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C
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2013:
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he
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m
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t
(
4t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
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onf
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r
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n
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e
)
,
J
un.
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do
i:
10.1049/c
p.2013.2347.
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,
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