Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engin
eer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
2
,
Febr
uar
y
201
9
, pp.
737
~
7
4
3
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
2
.pp
737
-
7
4
3
737
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Sin
gle
-
layer p
e
rform
ance
of sugarcan
e bagass
e
-
and rubb
er ti
re
du
st microwa
ve abso
rber
in narr
ow band
frequen
cy of
3.85 GH
z to 8.2
GHz
L. Z
ah
id
1
, M.
Ju
s
oh
2
,
N. H
. Ghaz
ali
3
, T.
S
abap
at
h
y
4
,
M.
M
us
t
apa
5
, A.
K Rahm
an
6
1
Facul
t
y
of Engi
nee
ring
T
ec
hnol
og
y
,
Univer
si
ti
Malay
s
ia Perl
is
(
UniMA
P),
Kampus
UniCITI
Al
a
m
,
Malay
si
a
2
,3,4,5
Bioe
lectr
om
agne
t
ic
s Re
se
arch Group
(BioEM
),
School
of
C
om
pute
r
and
Co
m
m
unic
at
ion
En
gine
er
ing,
Univer
siti
Malays
ia
Perl
is (
UniMA
P),
Kam
pus Pauh
Putra, Perlis, M
al
a
y
s
ia
6
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
and
E
l
ec
tron
ic
Engi
n
eering,
Fa
cul
t
y
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Un
ive
rsit
y
M
al
a
y
i
a
Sara
wak
(UniM
AS
),
Kota
Sam
ara
h
an
,
Sara
w
ak, Ma
lay
sia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
N
ov
14
, 201
8
Re
vised
Dec
15
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Dec
29
, 201
8
In
thi
s
pape
r,
t
he
single
and
f
la
t
l
a
y
er
of
m
ic
rowave
absorb
er
has
been
fab
ricate
d
wi
th
diffe
ren
t
weight
per
ce
n
ta
g
e
of
sugarc
an
e
bag
asse
(SCB
)
and
rubbe
r
ti
r
e
dust
(RTD).
The
d
ie
l
ec
tr
ic
prope
r
ties
and
wave
propa
gat
ion
ha
v
e
bee
n
inve
stig
at
e
d
in
th
is
work.
T
her
e
are
two
diff
ere
nt
designs
in
deve
lop
ing
thi
s
lay
e
r
of
m
ic
rowave
absorb
er.
In
th
is
work,
the
ta
rge
te
d
fr
eque
nc
y
is
withi
n
3.
85
GH
z
to
8.
2
GH
z
.
T
he
pre
fer
ence
was
base
d
on
the
fac
t
tha
t
ou
r
goal
was
to
achie
ve
m
ini
m
um
bac
kward
ref
l
ec
t
ions,
and
th
e
sugarc
an
e
baga
ss
e
m
at
eria
l,
with
it
s
low
die
l
ec
tr
ic
const
a
nt,
high
loss
fa
ct
or,
l
arg
e
at
t
enua
t
ion
per
unit
le
ngth
,
a
nd
ea
se
of
fab
ric
a
ti
on,
prov
id
ed
a
b
etter
opportuni
t
y
to
ac
hi
eve
that
go
al
whi
ch
is
better
tha
n
-
10dB
(90
%
of
absorpti
on).
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Ab
s
orptio
n
Diel
ect
ric Pro
pe
rtie
s
Mi
cro
wa
ve A
bsor
be
r
Re
flect
ivit
y
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
L. Za
hid
,
Faculty
of E
ngineerin
g
T
ech
nolo
gy, Uni
ver
s
it
i M
al
ay
s
ia
Per
li
s (Un
iM
A
P)
,
Kam
pu
s UniC
I
TI Ala
m
, S
g
C
hu
c
huh, Pa
da
ng Besa
r,
0210
0 Perli
s
.
Em
a
il
: liy
anazahid
@g
m
ai
l.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
re
quirem
ent
of
t
he
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
com
patibil
ity
(EMC)
ap
plic
at
ion
s
s
uch
as
m
ic
ro
wave
abs
orbin
g
m
ater
ia
l
in
the
range
of
fr
e
quenci
es
from
kiloh
e
rtz
(
kH
z
)
to
gi
gah
e
rtz
(
G
Hz)
of
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
sign
al
s
hav
e
incre
di
bly
exten
ded
t
he
ap
plica
ti
on
s
i
n
G
Hz
ra
ng
e
f
or
m
ob
il
e
ph
one,
l
ocal
area
netw
ork,
ra
dar
syst
e
m
and
oth
e
rs
[1
,
2]
.
Ab
s
orbe
r
s
in
the
RF/
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
re
alm
are
m
at
erial
s
that
at
te
n
uate
the
ene
rgy
in
an
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
wa
ve.
T
he
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
interfe
ren
ce
is
the
de
gr
a
datio
n
in
t
he
perfor
m
ance
of
a
de
vice,
or
equ
i
pm
ent,
or
a
syst
e
m
caused
by
an
el
ect
r
om
agn
et
ic
distu
rb
a
nce.
The
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
disturba
nce
ca
n
be
i
n
the
natu
re
of
an
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
no
ise
,
or
an
unwa
nted
sign
al
,
or
a
change
in
the
prop
a
gatio
n
m
edium
it
sel
f
[3]
.
T
he
eff
ect
s
of
E
MI
inclu
de
t
he
m
a
lfun
ct
io
n,
or
eve
n
t
he
per
m
anen
t
da
m
age
to
the
e
le
ct
ro
nic
dev
ic
es
w
hich
can
le
ad
to
the
fail
ur
e
[4
-
10]
.
Ab
s
orbe
rs
a
re
us
e
d
in
a
wide
ra
ng
e
of
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
t
o
el
im
inate
stray
or
un
want
ed
ra
diati
on
s
that
c
ould
inter
fer
e
with
a
sys
tem
’s
op
e
rati
on.
A
bs
or
ber
s
c
an
be
us
e
d
ext
ern
al
ly
to
re
du
ce
t
he
ref
le
ct
io
n
an
d
transm
issi
on
to
pa
rtic
ular
obj
ect
s
a
nd
can
al
so
be
us
e
d
internall
y
to
r
edu
ce
os
ci
ll
at
ion
s
ca
us
e
d
by
cavit
y
res
on
a
nce
[
11]
.
They
ca
n
al
s
o
be
us
e
d
to
re
create
a
fr
ee
s
pace
e
nviro
nme
nt
by
el
i
m
inati
ng
re
f
le
ct
ion
s
in
an
anechoic
cham
ber.
A
sin
gle
la
ye
r
of
l
os
sy
r
ic
e
hu
s
k
(R
H)
or
sc
rap
r
ubbe
r
(S
R
)
with
any
of
t
he
adh
e
sives
(
Glue
or
UP
R
)
is
eff
ic
ie
nt
in
suppressi
ng
E
M
echo
es
onl
y
at
m
ulti
ple
discrete
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
in
m
ul
ti
ple
ban
ds.
Howe
ver,
this
sing
le
la
ye
r
des
ig
n
is
i
m
pr
act
ic
al
to
so
lve
the
broadba
nd
EMC
pro
blem
s.
Man
y
of
t
he
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
de
vices
us
es
t
he
L,
S
an
d
C
f
r
equ
e
ncy
ba
nds
,
he
nce
a
lot
of
EMI
no
ise
s
ca
n
be
exp
ect
e
d
in
th
e
sh
are
d
f
requ
ency
sp
ect
r
um
of
1
t
o
10
G
Hz.
T
hat’s
why
the
need
of
a
sing
l
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
7
3
7
–
7
4
3
738
broa
db
a
nd
ab
s
orber
is
evi
dent
to
sup
pr
ess
the
EM
no
ise
in
a
broa
d
ra
ng
e
of
f
reque
ncies.
O
ne
of
the
e
arli
est
abs
orber
ty
pe
wh
ic
h
is
inh
er
ently
nar
r
owba
nd
is
know
n
as
the
Sali
sb
ur
y
screen
[
12,
13]
.
The
i
m
ped
anc
e
at
a
m
et
al
su
rf
ace i
s equal t
o
ze
ro.
A
t o
ne q
uar
te
r
w
a
velen
gth
i
n fron
t
of the s
ur
face the im
pedance
will
b
e in
finite
and
the
a
dm
itt
ance
will
be
ze
ro.
I
f
a
resist
iv
e
sh
eet
with
s
urface
resist
ivit
y
equ
al
to
37
7
oh
m
s
is
placed
h
ere
,
the im
ped
ance
will
b
e e
qu
al
to 377
ohm
s.
Figure
1. Flat
a
bs
or
ber
s
instal
le
d
in
an ane
ch
oic ch
am
ber
The
sel
ect
io
n
of
t
he
broa
db
a
nd
abs
orbe
rs
a
nd
their
pe
rform
ance
is
ve
ry
cru
ci
al
.
The
thick
ness
of
these
abs
orbe
r
s
dep
e
nds
up
on
the
dim
ension
s
of
their
nei
ghbori
ng
geom
et
ric
transitio
n
a
bsor
bers.
Figure
1
sh
ows
the
flat
abs
orber
s
insta
ll
ed
in a
n
a
nec
ho
ic
c
ham
ber
t
o red
uce t
he
c
orne
r reflect
io
ns.
The
re
quire
d
pe
rfor
m
ance
li
m
it
s
fo
r
EMC
te
st
facil
it
ie
s
i
n
G
Hz
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
ran
ge
are
-
10
dB
an
d
-
20dB
acco
r
di
ng
to
MIL
-
ST
D
-
461
-
F
a
nd
CI
SPR
-
20
[
14]
sta
nd
a
r
ds
,
res
pe
ct
ively
.
In
the
case
of
flat
abs
orbin
g
structu
res,
bro
adb
a
nd
perf
orm
ance
can
be
achieve
d
by
usi
ng
m
ulti
ple
lossy
la
ye
rs.
Th
ese
la
ye
rs
m
ay
be
of
diff
e
re
nt m
at
er
ia
ls or
sam
e
m
at
erial
w
it
h dif
fer
e
nt loa
dings
.
Pr
e
vious
resea
rch
has
ide
ntifie
d
seve
ral
pote
ntial
m
at
erial
s
for
the
us
e
i
n
desig
ning
an
d
dev
el
op
i
ng
of
the
m
ic
ro
w
ave
a
bsor
ber.
They
incl
ud
e
d
car
bon
l
oad
e
d
plaste
r,
car
bon
blac
k,
iro
n
pow
de
r,
al
um
inu
m
flakes,
c
oppe
r
and
m
any
oth
e
rs
[
15
]
.
T
he
pri
nciple
el
em
ent
in
the
diele
ct
ric
absor
ber
is
the
car
bon
it
sel
f.
T
he
carbo
n
is
bein
g
us
e
d
as
the
di
el
ect
ric
loss
add
e
r
in
the
l
ossl
ess
po
ly
m
er
m
at
rix
m
at
eria
ls.
This
pr
oces
s
is
al
so
known
as
ca
rbon
c
onsu
m
ption
an
d
is
bein
g
us
e
d
in
the
m
i
c
rowa
ve
indus
try
,
especial
ly
in
the
pro
duct
ion
of
fo
am
based
a
bsor
be
rs.
In
hu
m
id
su
r
rou
nd
i
ng
s
,
the
ca
rbo
n
is
ch
os
e
n
due
to
it
s
co
rro
sion
resist
ance
[16]
.
Be
sides,
car
bo
n
ha
s
le
ss
de
nsi
ty
as
co
m
pared
to
th
e
m
et
a
l
and
du
e
to
t
his
reas
on,
ca
r
bon
is
pr
e
fe
r
r
ed
to
fabrica
te
the a
bs
or
ber
s
[
17]
.
2.
MA
TE
RIA
L
S
AND
METH
OD
OL
OG
Y
In
this
w
ork,
su
ga
rca
ne
(S
a
ccarh
um
of
fici
narum
)
bag
ass
e
has
bee
n
use
d
as
the
m
a
i
n
m
a
te
rial
in
desig
ning
the
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
ab
so
r
be
r.
S
ugarc
ane
bag
as
se
is
a
resid
ue
pro
du
ce
d
i
n
la
r
ge
qu
a
ntit
ie
s
by
sugar
industries.
I
n
ge
ner
al
,
1
to
n
of
sugar
cane
ge
ne
rates
280
kg
of
ba
gasse
,
t
he
fib
r
ou
s
by
-
pro
du
ct
rem
ai
nin
g
after
su
ga
r
ext
racti
on
from
the
su
ga
rcan
e
[
18]
.
S
ug
a
rca
ne
ba
ga
sse
is
al
so
the
po
te
ntial
m
at
er
ia
l
fo
r
the
pyr
a
m
ida
l
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
a
bsor
be
rs
us
e
d
i
n
a
nechoic
c
ham
ber
to
el
i
m
i
nate
re
flect
ed
sign
al
[
19]
.
T
he
la
rg
e
p
e
rce
nt
age
of
carbo
n
that
oc
cur
s
natu
rall
y
in
su
ga
rca
ne
ba
gasse
can
pro
vid
e
go
od
r
efl
ect
ivit
y
per
for
m
ance
[20]
.T
he
first
sta
ge
of
t
his
stud
y
is
to
prep
are
the
sam
ple
s
for
the
diele
ct
ric
m
easur
em
ent.
The
diele
ct
ric
prop
e
rtie
s
of
t
he
m
at
erial
s
in
a
broa
d
f
reque
ncy
ra
ng
es
from
1.
0
G
Hz
t
o
18
GH
z
we
re
in
vestigat
ed
.
The
sam
ples
were
fabrica
te
d
in
com
po
sit
e
fo
rm
.
Ther
e
a
re
two
m
e
tho
ds
of
m
easur
in
g
the
diele
ct
ric
properti
es
nam
e
ly
,
coax
ia
l
pro
be
te
chn
i
que
and
the
tra
nsm
issi
on
li
ne
m
et
hod.
Fi
gure
2
sho
ws
the
st
eps
in
fa
br
ic
at
i
ng
a
nd
m
easuri
ng
the
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
a
bsor
ber in
flat
lay
er.
In
diele
ct
ric
m
at
erial
s,
the
m
os
t
cr
ucial
pro
per
ti
es
that
e
na
ble
them
to
be
ap
plica
ble
as
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
abs
orber
s
a
re
t
he
diele
ct
ric
co
ns
ta
nt
a
nd
t
he
loss
fact
or
which
is
the
dissi
pa
ti
on
of
e
nergy
in
the
m
at
erial
[21],
[22]
.
Ge
ner
al
ly
,
diele
ct
ric
m
ater
ia
l
absorb
e
rs
are
fabrica
te
d
by
the
com
bin
at
ion
of
fill
ers
in
a
po
ly
m
er
m
at
rix.
In
this
work,
the
fi
ll
ers
are
t
he
ag
ricult
ural
waste
wh
ic
h
is
the
sugarca
ne
bag
ass
e
(S
C
B)
and
rub
ber
ti
re
du
st
(RTD
)
from
t
ire
wear
.
T
he
po
lym
er
m
at
rix
t
hat
has
bee
n
use
d
is
un
sat
ur
a
te
d
Po
ly
est
er
Re
sin
RP9
509
(U
P
R
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
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c Eng &
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m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Single
-
layer
pe
rforma
nce
of s
ugar
c
ane
baga
sse
-
and ru
bbe
r
ti
re dust
microwave
abs
orbe
r in…
(
L. Za
hi
d
)
739
wh
ic
h
is
ri
gid
,
flexible
a
nd
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
al
ly
transp
a
re
nt
poly
m
er.
UP
R
is
a
ty
pe
of
t
he
the
rm
os
et
ti
ng
po
ly
m
er
and
it
need
e
d
to
be
add
e
d
with
a
bi
nd
e
r
to
sta
rt
the
cr
os
s
li
nkin
g
proce
ss.
S
o,
m
et
hyl
et
hyl
k
et
one
pero
xid
e
(ME
KPO)
wh
ic
h
i
s
in
the
li
quid
sta
te
was
us
e
d
as
the
binde
r
with
UP
R.
I
n
the
c
om
po
sit
es
with
mo
re
fill
er,
th
e
com
po
sit
es
seem
to
be
m
or
e
c
om
pact
and
ha
ve
le
ss
ai
r
ga
p.
T
he
c
om
pactness
an
d
th
e
interact
ion
bet
ween
t
hose
pa
r
ti
cl
es
in
the
co
m
po
sit
es
will
a
ff
ect
the
diele
c
tric
pro
per
ti
es
of
t
he
m
at
erials.
The
first
ste
p
is
to
fin
d
t
he
s
uga
rcan
e
ba
gasse
f
r
om
it
s
natu
ral
sou
rces.
B
efore
fabrica
ti
ng
the
sam
ple
s,
th
e
su
ga
rca
ne
ba
ga
sses
need
e
d
t
o
be
processe
d
first.
First
of
a
ll
,
the
s
ug
a
rca
ne
bagasses
ne
eded
to
be
f
ully
dr
ie
d
to
ens
ure
that
they
can
be
ea
sil
y
gr
in
ded
a
nd
m
ixed
with
unsat
urat
ed
poly
est
er
resi
n
(U
PR
)
a
nd
ha
r
den
e
r
agen
t
w
hich
is
the
m
et
hyl
eth
yl
keto
ne
perox
i
de
(ME
KP)
.
The
sam
ples
wer
e
first
dr
ie
d
under
the
s
unli
gh
t
.
Ma
nu
al
ly
,
the
su
ga
rca
ne
ba
gasse
need
e
d
to
be
se
par
at
e
d
first
from
its
thick
ste
m
s
to
get
the
s
ug
arcane
bag
a
sse
only
.
Nex
t,
the
s
ug
a
r
cane
ba
gasse
ne
eded
to
be
cut
into
ver
y
sm
all
pieces
to
m
ake
it
easi
er
wh
en
the
su
ga
rca
ne baga
sse is be
in
g gr
i
nd
e
d.
Figure
2. Steps
in fab
ricat
ing
and m
easur
ing
the m
ic
ro
wav
e
ab
s
orbe
r
in
f
la
t l
ay
er s
ha
pe
.
Figure
3.
The
high tem
per
at
ure
prob
e
w
it
h t
he
s
hortin
g blo
ck fo
r
the
d
ie
le
ct
ric m
easur
e
m
ent setu
p
The
op
e
n
e
nd
e
d
coa
xial
pro
be
m
et
ho
d
was
bein
g
use
d
t
o
m
easur
e
the
di
el
ect
ric
prop
e
r
ti
es
of
the
sam
ples
co
m
p
os
e
d
of
diff
e
re
nt
weig
ht
fr
act
ion
s
of
the
los
sy
(S
CB
and
R
TD)
fill
ers.
I
t
is
ver
y
i
m
po
rtant
to
hav
e
a
good
c
on
ta
ct
betwee
n
the
sam
ple
an
d
the
en
d
of
th
e
pro
be
t
o
m
ini
m
iz
e
the
ai
r
ga
p.
The
ai
r
ga
p
will
aff
ect
the
accu
racy
of
the
m
easur
em
ent.
Th
e
app
a
ratus
tha
t
hav
e
bee
n
us
ed
in
this
stu
dy
includes
the
Ag
il
ent
8507
0B
Hi
gh
Te
m
per
at
ur
e
Diel
ect
ric
Pr
ob
e
,
A
gilent
Netw
ork
A
naly
zer,
Ag
il
e
nt
85070
softw
are,
a
cy
li
nd
rical
ope
n
en
de
d
pro
be,
and
a
cal
ib
rati
on
l
oad
as
sho
wn
i
n
the
Fi
gure
3.
The
e
nd
of
the
pr
ob
e
is
ne
ede
d
to
be
i
n
co
nta
ct
ed
with
t
he
f
la
t
su
rf
ace
of
t
he
sam
ple,
so
that
the
re
flect
ed
sig
nal
f
ro
m
the
sam
ple
can
be
detect
ed
by
th
e
pro
be’s
se
nsor
.
T
he
ref
le
ct
ed
si
gn
al
is
dis
play
ed
on
the
netw
ork
a
naly
zer’s
inter
faces
as
S
11
in
dB
.
By
usi
ng
the
s
of
twa
re,
the
ref
le
ct
ed
s
ign
al
is
c
onve
r
te
d
into
real
(ɛ
’r
)
a
nd
im
aginar
y
pa
rt
(ɛ”
r
)
of
the
Coll
ection
of the
m
at
eri
a
l
Sam
ple
Fabricat
i
on
for
m
at
eri
a
l’s
cha
r
a
cteri
z
at
ion
Chara
c
te
ri
zation
of
th
e
m
at
eri
a
l
(Di
el
e
ctric
or
Magne
tic
Mat
erial)
Fabric
a
ti
on
and
Mea
surem
ent
of
Microwa
ve
Abs
orbe
r
Fla
t
Lay
er
Microwa
v
e
Abs
orbe
r
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
7
3
7
–
7
4
3
740
com
plex
per
m
it
ti
vity
.
Figu
re
4
s
hows
t
he
c
om
plex
per
m
ittiv
it
y
of
s
ugarca
ne
bag
as
se
an
d
rub
ber
ti
re
du
st
in
the
fr
e
qu
e
ncie
s
range
of
2
G
Hz
to
8
G
Hz.
Table
1
show
s
the
m
easur
ed
range
of
diele
ct
ric
pr
operti
es
of
the
two
ra
w
m
at
erial
s
wh
ic
h
a
re
the
s
ugarca
ne
ba
gasse
an
d
r
ubbe
r
ti
re
dust
in
t
he
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
ra
nge
between
2
GH
z
to 8
G
Hz.
Figure
4. Com
plex pe
rm
i
tt
ivi
ty
o
f
s
ugarca
ne
b
a
gasse
a
nd
rubb
e
r
ti
re
dust i
n
the
r
a
nge f
re
qu
e
ncy
of 2
-
8
GHz
Table
1.
Mea
s
ur
e
d
Ra
ng
e
of
Diel
ect
ric
Pro
pe
rtie
s of the
T
wo Raw Mat
e
r
ia
ls
W
hic
h Ar
e
Suga
rcan
e
Ba
gasse
a
nd R
ubbe
r
Tire
Dus
t i
n
Ra
nge
Fr
e
qu
e
ncy
betwee
n 2
-
8 G
Hz
Sa
m
p
le
Dielectri
c Co
n
stan
t,
ε
,
Los
s Facto
r,
ε"
Su
g
arca
n
e Bag
ass
e
2
.00
–
2
.80
0
.30
–
0
.50
Ru
b
b
er
Tir
e
Du
st
3
.00
–
3
.20
0
.10
–
0
.40
Table
2.
Dif
fere
nt D
e
sig
natio
n of Fla
t Lay
er
Absor
ber
Sa
m
p
le
Fillers
Load
in
g
SCB
1
2
5
wt
% SCB
:7
5
wt
% RT
D
SCB
2
7
5
wt
% SCB
:2
5
wt
% RT
D
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
To
identify
th
e
us
e
of
th
os
e
com
po
sit
e
m
a
te
rial
s
in
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
ap
plica
ti
on
,
their
el
ec
trom
agn
et
ic
pro
per
ti
es
nee
d
to
be
de
fine
d
first.
I
n
diele
ct
ric
absorb
e
rs
,
there
is
no
m
agn
et
ic
loss
c
om
po
nen
t
invol
ved
s
o
the
abs
orption
of
the
diele
ct
ri
c
absorb
e
r
de
pe
nds
on
diele
ct
ric
pr
ope
rtie
s
of
the
a
bs
orb
e
r.
The
c
har
act
e
risti
c
i
m
ped
ance
(
)
of
a
diele
ct
ric
m
at
erial
will
m
at
ch
with
the
fr
ee
s
pace
im
ped
a
nce
(
)
only
wh
e
n
the
=
1
+
,
′
=
1
an
d
"
=
0
.
Unde
r
t
hese
c
onditi
on
s,
the
re
will
be
no
par
ti
al
re
flect
ion
of
the
w
ave
at
th
e
ai
r
-
diele
ct
ric
inter
face
an
d
t
he
entire
wa
ve
w
il
l
be
trans
m
itted
in
the
diel
ect
ric
m
ediu
m
.
As
t
he
s
uga
rcan
e
bag
a
sse
a
nd
r
ubbe
r
ti
re
du
st
-
base
d
ab
sorbe
rs
a
re
no
n
-
m
agn
et
ic
lossy
m
at
erial
s
with
′
>
1
and
"
>
0
,
hen
ce
their
ch
aracte
risti
c
i
m
ped
a
nces
will
nev
e
r
m
at
ch
w
it
h
the
f
ree
s
pa
ce
i
m
ped
ance
.
Howe
ver,
their
i
nput
i
m
ped
ance
(
)
that
w
ou
l
d
be
e
xp
e
rience
d
by
the
incom
ing
wav
e
at
the
int
erf
ace
ca
n
be
m
at
ched
to
the
fr
ee
sp
ace
wa
ve
im
ped
a
nce.
The
i
nput
im
ped
a
nce
is
a
functi
on
of
a
bsor
be
r’
s
ge
ome
try
,
diele
ct
ric
pro
per
ti
es,
a
nd
al
so
t
he
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of
th
e
incide
nt
wave.
T
her
e
fore,
the
im
ped
ance
will
be
m
at
ched
on
ly
at
ce
rtai
n
fr
e
quencies
a
nd
th
e
resona
nce
be
ha
vior
will
be
obser
ve
d
at
those
(r
es
onant
)
f
reque
ncies.
Fi
gure
5
sho
ws
the
re
flect
ivit
y
of
t
he
sing
le
la
ye
r
-
s
ugarca
ne
ba
gas
se
flat
absorber.
T
he
flat
la
ye
r
a
bsor
ber
has
bee
n
design
e
d
in
tw
o
s
a
m
ples
accor
ding
t
o
t
he
a
naly
sis
of
cha
racteri
sti
c
i
m
ped
ance
in
the
pre
vious
s
ect
ion
.
Table
2
s
hows
the
di
ff
ere
nt
desig
natio
n of
diff
e
re
nt f
il
le
r for the
sam
ple o
f
f
la
t l
ay
er a
bsor
be
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Single
-
layer
pe
rforma
nce
of s
ugar
c
ane
baga
sse
-
and ru
bbe
r
ti
re dust
microwave
abs
orbe
r in…
(
L. Za
hi
d
)
741
Figure
5. Re
fle
ct
ivit
y
of
f
la
t l
ay
er ab
s
orbe
r f
or
SCB
1
a
nd
SCB
2
i
n fr
e
quency ra
nge
of
3.85 G
Hz
t
o 5.85
GHz
Fr
om
Fig
ur
e
5,
t
he
SCB
-
2
flat
la
ye
r
ab
sorbe
r
s
hows
th
e
bette
r
re
flect
ivit
y
com
par
ed
to
SCB
-
1
within
t
he
range
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of
4.5
G
Hz.
The
res
ult
shows
a
bit
res
on
a
nce
i
n
the
fr
e
quency.
T
he
bes
t
ref
le
ct
ivit
y
sh
ows
at
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
4.
5
G
Hz
w
hi
ch
both
de
sig
n
has
a
bette
r
pe
rfor
m
ance
at
-
30
dB
to
-
35
dB.
At
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
5.2
GH
z
,
f
or
SCB
1,
t
he
re
flect
ivit
y
is
-
32dB.
Figure
6
s
hows
r
eflect
ivit
y
of
fl
at
la
ye
r
absor
be
r
f
or
SCB
1
a
nd SC
B
2
i
n
f
re
qu
e
nc
y ran
ge of
5.85
GH
z
to 8.
2 G
Hz.
Figure
6
.
Re
fle
ct
ivit
y of
flat
l
ay
er ab
s
orbe
r
f
or SCB
1
a
nd
SCB
2
i
n fr
e
quency ra
nge
of
5.85 G
Hz
t
o 8.2
GHz
Ther
e
are
tw
o
dif
fer
e
nt
sam
ples
fa
bri
cat
ed
in
t
he
flat
ge
om
et
ry.
Thes
e
two
flat
sa
m
ples
hav
e
d
iffe
re
nt
diele
ct
ric
pr
ope
rtie
s.
W
it
hin
the
r
ang
e
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
of
5.8
5
G
Hz
to
7.
2
GH
z
,
SCB
-
2
sho
ws
bette
r
ref
le
ct
ivit
y com
par
ed
to SCB
-
1.This SCB
sing
le
lay
er absorbe
r
shows n
arrowba
nd
a
bsor
ptio
n
with m
or
e tha
n
-
10
dB
re
flect
ivit
y
(~90%
a
bsor
ptio
n)
in
s
pecific
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
T
he
i
ncid
ent
an
d
re
flect
ed
wav
e
s
c
on
t
ai
n
of
qu
a
rter
wa
vele
ng
t
h reflect
io
n wh
ic
h
al
lo
ws
a
bs
or
ber to
obta
in the m
ini
m
um
r
eflect
ed
en
erg
y.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
st
ud
y
of
the
EMC
-
or
ie
nt
ed
m
ic
ro
wav
e
abs
orbers
c
om
po
sed
of
s
ug
arcane
ba
gasse
(S
CB
)
an
d
lossy
r
ubbe
r
ti
r
e
dust
(RT
D
)
was
perf
or
m
ed
num
erical
l
y
us
ing
CST
Mi
cr
ow
a
ve
stu
dio
a
nd
m
easur
ed
w
it
h
th
e
ai
d
of
pairs
of
horn
a
nten
nas
and
netw
ork
analy
zer
(PN
A
),
with
i
n
the
a
nechoic
cham
ber
.
F
ro
m
the
resu
lt
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
7
3
7
–
7
4
3
742
these
tw
o
was
te
m
at
erial
s
hav
e
str
ong
pot
entia
l
to
be
use
d
in
the
fabrica
ti
on
of
the
value
-
a
dd
e
d
EMC
abs
orber
s
for
t
he
sup
pr
es
sio
n
of
EM
ec
hoe
s.
Thes
e
tw
o
waste
m
at
erials
wer
e
diele
ct
ric
m
a
te
rial
s
a
s
the
relat
ive
m
agn
et
ic
p
r
op
e
rtie
s a
re
near
ly
equal
to free
sp
ace
, μr=
1
-
j0.
The
EMC
pe
rfor
m
ances
of
si
ng
le
la
ye
r
m
icr
owa
ve
a
bs
or
be
r
by
us
i
ng
S
CB
and
RTD
wer
e
bel
ow
than
-
20
dB
in
te
rm
of
ref
le
ct
ivit
y.
This
ind
i
cat
es
that
the
a
bs
or
ber
can
a
bsor
b
~9
0
%
of
the
incident
sig
nals
.
The
diele
ct
ric
pro
per
ti
es
of
the
m
at
erial
hav
e
bee
n
in
vestigat
ed
as
well
.
The
r
ubbe
r
ti
re
du
st
has
the
hi
gh
est
diele
ct
ric
con
s
ta
nt
as
co
m
par
ed
to
suga
rca
ne
ba
gasse.
T
he
SCB
-
2
flat
la
ye
r
abso
r
be
r
shows
the
be
tt
er
ref
le
ct
ivit
y
as
com
par
ed
to
S
CB
-
1
with
in
t
he
fr
e
quency
r
ang
e
of
4.5
G
Hz.
The
best
r
eflect
ivit
y
sh
ow
s
at
fr
e
qu
e
ncy 4.5 GHz whic
h
is bo
t
h
desi
gn
ha
s a b
et
te
r
perf
orm
ance at
-
30
dB to
-
35
dB. At fr
e
quency 5
.2
GHz,
for
SCB
1,
the
ref
le
ct
ivit
y
is
-
32dB.
Withi
n
the
f
reque
nc
y
range
of
5.8
5
GH
z
to
7.2
GH
z
,
SCB
-
2
sh
ow
s
bette
r
ref
le
ct
iv
it
y
as
co
m
par
ed
to
SCB
-
1.
T
his
SCB
sing
le
la
ye
r
abso
r
ber
sh
ows
na
rro
w
band
ab
sorptio
n
with
m
or
e than
-
10
dB
r
eflect
ivit
y (
~90
%
abso
rp
ti
on)
at
s
pecific
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
The
c
os
t
of
the
pyram
idal
m
icr
owa
ve
a
bs
or
be
r
ca
n
be
re
duc
ed
b
y
usi
ng
s
ugarca
ne
ba
gass
e
(S
CB
)
as
the
m
ai
n
m
a
ter
ia
l.
T
his
SCB
base
m
at
erial
is
an
en
vir
onm
ental
fr
ie
ndl
y
abs
orber.
T
he
res
ults
of
thi
s
stu
dy
pro
ves
that
wa
ste
m
at
erial
s
s
uch
as
SCB
a
nd
r
ubber
ti
re
dust
(RTD
)
can
giv
e
a
good
pe
rfor
m
ance
up
to
-
20
dB
of
ref
le
ct
ivi
ty
(
~99.9
9%
) o
f
a
bs
or
ption i
n si
ng
le
lay
er
de
sign.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M.
S.
Kim
,
E.
H
.
Min,
and
J.
G.
Koh,
“
Com
par
is
on
of
the
eff
ects
of
par
ti
cle
shap
e
on
thi
n
FeSiCr
el
ectrom
agne
t
i
c
wave
absorb
er,” J
.
Magn.
Magn.
Mate
r.,
vo
l. 321, no. 6, pp. 581
–
5
85,
Mar
.
2009
.
[2]
C.
Y.
Feng,
Y.
B.
,
Qiu,
T.,
&
Shen,
“
Abs
orbing
prope
rties
and
struct
ur
al
design
of
m
ic
rowave
ab
sorbers
base
d
on
ca
rbon
y
l
iron
an
d
bar
ium f
err
ite,
”
J.
Magn.
Magn
.
Mat
er.,
vo
l. 31
8,
pp
.
8
–
13
,
200
7.
[3]
W
.
P.
Kodali
,
“
Engi
nee
ring
El
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
Com
pat
ibi
lit
y
:
Princi
pl
es,
Mea
surem
ent
s,
T
ec
hnolog
ie
s,
an
d
Com
pute
r
Mode
ls”,
2nd
Ed
it
ion
.
2001.
[4]
F.
Al
-
Gham
di,
A.,
&
E
l
-
Ta
n
taw
y
,
“
New
el
e
ct
r
om
agne
ti
c
wav
e
shiel
ding
eff
ect
ive
ness
at
m
ic
ro
wave
fre
quen
c
y
of
pol
y
v
in
y
l chl
or
i
de
re
inforced
gr
aphi
t
e/
copp
er
n
a
nopar
ticle
s,
”
Co
m
pos.
Part
A,
vo
l.
41
,
pp
.
1693
–
1
701,
2010
.
[5]
J.
K.
Gooch,
J.
W
.
,
&
Dahe
r,
“
El
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
Shiel
ding
and
Corrosion
Protec
ti
on
for
Aerospac
e
Vehi
cles,”
New
York :
Springer,
2007.
[6]
D.
Morgan, “
A Handbook
for E
MC T
esti
ng
and
Mea
surem
ent
”
.
(
L.
P.
Pere
gr
inu
s.
,
Ed
.
), 1994.
[7]
R.
Schm
it
t
,
“
El
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
s
e
xpla
in
ed:
a
hand
book
for
wire
le
s
s/RF
,
EMC,
and
high
-
spee
d
elec
troni
cs”
.
E
lsevie
r
Scie
nc
e. USA
,
2
002.
[8]
X.
C.
Tong,
“
Advanc
ed
Ma
te
ri
a
ls
and
Design
for
El
ectrom
agne
t
i
c
Inte
rf
ere
n
ce
Shiel
ding
Advan
c
ed
Mate
ri
al
s
and
Design
for Elect
rom
agne
ti
c
Int
er
fer
ence
Shi
el
din
g,
”
2009
.
[9]
I.
A.
Zha
ng
,
W
.
,
Xu,
Y.,
Yuan,
L
.
,
Ca
,
J.,
&
Zh
an
g,
“
Microwa
ve
Abs
orpti
on
and
Shiel
ding
Proper
t
y
of
Com
posites
with
FeSiAl
and Carbonous
Materia
ls
as
Fill
er,”
J.
Mate
r
.
Sc
i. Tec
hnol.
,
vol
.
28
,
no
.
10
,
pp
.
913
–
91
9,
2012
.
[10]
T.
W
illi
ams
,
EM
C
for
Product
D
esigne
rs,
3
rd
ed
.
2001.
[11]
P.
D.
Ch
,
T
E
,
“
Te
chn
ic
a
l
Not
es
The
or
y
and
App
li
c
at
ion
of
RF
/M
ic
rowave
Abs
orbe
rs.”
[12]
B.
Chambers,
“
Optimum
design
of
a
Sal
isbur
y
s
cre
en
rad
ar
abso
rbe
r,
”
IET
Elec
tr
on.
Lett
.
,
vo
l.
30
,
no.
1353
–
1354
,
1994.
[13]
P.
M.
and
J.
P.
B.
A.
Munk,
“
On
designi
ng
Jaum
ann
and
ci
r
cui
t
a
nal
og
absorbe
rs
(CA
absorbe
rs)
f
or
obli
que
ang
le
s
of
incidence,”
I
E
EE
Tra
ns.
Anten
nas
Propag.
,
vol
.
55,
pp.
186
–
19
3,
2007
.
[14]
M.
Technol
ogi
e
s,
“
NRL
Arch
R
efl
e
ct
iv
ity
Te
st
Setup,
”
6370
Na
nc
y
Ridg
e
Drive
,
Ste
103
San
D
ie
go,
CA
92121
,
1945.
[15]
W
.
H.
Emerson,
“
El
ectrom
agne
t
ic
W
av
e
Abs
orbe
rs
and
An
ec
hoi
c
Chambers
Thr
ough
the
Yea
rs,
”
IE
EE
Tra
n
s
.
Antenna
s Propa
g.
,
vol. AP
-
21,
n
o.
4
,
pp
.
484
–
49
0,
1973
.
[16]
M.
Sharon,
D.
P
rad
han,
R.
Z
ac
h
ar
ia,
and
V.
Puri
,
“
Applicati
on
of
Carbon
N
anomate
r
ia
l
as
a
Mi
cr
owave
Abs
orbe
r
,
”
J.
Nanosci
.
Nan
ote
chno
l.,
vol
.
5
,
no.
12,
pp.
2117
–
2120,
De
c. 200
5.
[17]
J.
Kim
,
S.
L
ee,
and
C.
Kim
,
“
Com
par
ison
stud
y
on
the
eff
ect
of
ca
rbon
n
ano
m
ateri
a
ls
for
singl
e
-
lay
er
m
ic
rowa
v
e
absorbe
rs i
n
X
-
band,
”
Com
pos.
Sci. Tec
hnol
.
,
vol
.
68,
no.
14,
pp.
2
909
–
2916,
Nov.
2008.
[18]
A.
Hasnai
n
,
B
.
M.
Hafi
z,
M
.
I
.
Im
ran
,
A.
A
.
T
a
ki
y
udd
in,
A.
Ru
snani,
and
O.
M
.
Khus
ai
ri
,
“
Dev
el
opm
ent
of
an
Ec
onom
ic
and
Eff
ec
ti
v
e
Mic
rowave
Abs
orb
er,
”
in
As
ia
-
Pa
ci
fi
c
Confer
ence
on
Applie
d
El
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ics
Proce
edi
ngs,
20
07,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
1
–
5.
[19]
Z.
Liy
an
a,
F.
M
al
ek
,
H.
Nornik
m
an,
N.
A.
M.
Affendi
,
L.
Moham
ed,
N.
Saudin
,
and
A.
A.
Ali
,
“
Inve
stiga
ti
on
of
Sugar
Cane Ba
g
asse
as
Alt
ern
a
tive
Mat
erial
for
P
y
ramid
al
Mi
cro
wave
Abs
o
rbe
r D
esign,
”
pp
.
66
–
70,
2012
.
[20]
L.
Huang
and
H.
Chen,
“
Mult
i
-
Band
and
Pol
a
riz
a
ti
on
Insensit
ive
Met
amate
r
ial
Abs
orbe
r,
”
Pr
og.
Elec
tromagn.
Res.
,
vol. 113, p
p.
103
–
110
,
201
1.
[21]
I.
Agile
nt
T
ec
h
nologi
es,
“
Appli
ca
t
ion
Note
Agile
nt
Basic
s
of
Mea
suring
the
Diel
e
ct
ri
c
Properti
es
of
Mate
ri
als
,
”
2006.
[22]
I.
Agile
nt
T
ec
h
nologi
es,
“
Agilent
85070E
Dielec
tr
ic
Probe
Kit
200
M
Hz
to
5
0
GH
z
S
wept
High
-
Freque
nc
y
Diel
e
ct
ri
c
Me
asure
m
ent
s,”
2011
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Single
-
layer
pe
rforma
nce
of s
ugar
c
ane
baga
sse
-
and ru
bbe
r
ti
re dust
microwave
abs
orbe
r in…
(
L. Za
hi
d
)
743
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Liy
an
a
Bint
i
Z
ahi
d
recei
v
ed
t
he
B.
Eng
(Hons
)
and
PhD
D
egr
ee
in
Com
m
unic
at
io
n
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
Malay
si
a
Perli
s (UniMA
P),
in
2012
and
2017
respe
ct
ive
l
y
.
She
has
bee
n
a
Se
nior
Lectu
re
r
with
the
Fa
cul
t
y
of
Engi
ne
ering
Te
chno
log
y
(El
e
ct
roni
c
Depa
rtment)
,
UniMA
P,
Malay
si
a
since
2017.
Her
cur
ren
t
r
ese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
inc
l
ude
RF
and
m
ic
rowave
t
ec
h
nologi
es.
Muza
m
m
il
Jus
o
h
is
cur
ren
tly
working
with
U
nive
rsiti
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Perli
s
(UniMA
P
)
as
an
As
socia
te
s
Prof
essor
and
r
ese
a
rch
er
b
ase
d
in
School
of
Com
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
(S
CCE).
Expe
ri
en
ce
d
as
RF
and
Microwa
ve
Eng
ine
er
for
T
eleko
m
Malay
si
a
Berha
d
(TM)
Com
pan
y
from
2006
-
2009
which
used
to
be
engi
neer
(tea
m
le
ade
r)
of
Speci
a
li
z
ed
Net
work
Servic
es
(
SN
S)
Depa
rtment
base
d
in
TM
Senai
Johor.
Do
pre
ven
ti
v
e
and
cor
recti
ve
m
ai
nte
nan
ce
of
ILS,
ND
B,
DVOR,
rep
ea
t
er,
m
ic
rowave
s
y
st
e
m
,
VHF
and
UH
F
base
d
on
cont
ra
ct
wise
;
Depa
rtment
C
iv
il
Avi
at
ion
(DCA
),
TUDM
,
PD
RM,
ATM,
Ta
njong
Pe
le
p
as
P
ort
(PTP),
M
CMC
and
JP
S
(Hidrologi
Dept
.
)
.
He
h
as
recei
v
e
d
PhD
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
nee
r
ing
from
UniM
AP
i
n
2013.
W
hil
e
rec
ei
v
ed
Ms
C.
(2010)
in
El
e
ct
roni
c
Tele
comm
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
an
d
Bac
hel
or
De
gre
e
(2006)
in
El
ectrical
-
El
e
ct
roni
c
and
Te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
io
n
Engi
ne
ering
from
Univer
siti
Te
knolog
i
Malay
si
a
(UTM).
He
hold
s
an
H
-
Inde
x
of
13
(SCO
PUS)
and
has
publi
shed
over
132
techni
ca
l
p
ape
rs
in
journa
ls
and
proc
ee
dings
in
cl
uding
th
e
IE
EE
Acc
ess,
IE
EE
Antenna
an
d
W
ire
le
ss
Propaga
ti
on
Lette
r
(AW
PL),
Microwa
ve
and
Optic
al
Tech
nolog
y
L
et
t
er
(MO
TL
),
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Journal
on
Anten
na
and
Propaga
ti
on
(IJA
P),
Pr
ogre
ss
in
El
ec
tr
om
agne
ti
cs
Resea
rch
(PIER
)
and
Radi
o
Eng
ine
er
ing
Journal
and
m
ore
tha
n
50
conf
ere
n
ce
p
ape
rs.
His
rese
arc
h
int
er
est
s
inc
lude
an
te
nn
a
design,
r
ec
onf
igura
bl
e
bea
m
stee
r
ing
antenna
,
wea
rab
l
e
ant
enn
a,
MIM
O,
UW
B,
wire
le
ss
on
-
bod
y
c
om
m
unic
at
ions,
in
-
bod
y
com
m
unic
at
ions
(implant
ab
le
an
t
enna
),
wir
el
ess
power
tra
nsfer,
RF
and
m
ic
row
ave
comm
unic
ation
s
y
stem.
Curre
ntly
,
sup
er
vising
a
num
ber
of
PhD
and
M
s
C
stude
nts
and
al
so
m
ana
ging
f
ew
gra
nts
under
Ministr
y
o
f
Higher
Educ
a
tion
Malay
si
a.
Mo
reo
ver
,
Dr
Muza
m
m
il
is
an
IE
EE
Mem
ber
(MIEE
E),
a
Mem
ber
of
IET
(MIET
)
,
a
Mem
ber
of
Antenna
and
Propaga
ti
on
(AP
/MTT
/E
MC),
Malay
si
a
Cha
pte
r,
and
has
r
e
ce
iv
ed
his
Char
te
red
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
on
Ju
l
y
2017.
The
nnar
asa
n
Sa
bapa
th
y
,
Ph.D
r
ec
e
ive
d
h
is
B.
E
ng.
degr
ee
in
Elec
tr
ic
a
l
T
elec
om
m
unic
at
io
n
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
the
Univer
siti
Te
knologi
Ma
l
a
y
si
a,
in
2007
a
nd
M.
Sc.
Eng.
degr
ee
in
Multi
m
edi
a
Un
ive
rsit
y
,
Malays
ia
in
2011.
He
pursued
hi
s
PhD
in
Co
m
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
Malay
s
ia
Pe
rli
s
in
2014.
In
2007,
he
s
erv
e
d
as
Te
st
Deve
lopment
En
gine
er
in
Flex
tro
nic
s,
working
o
n
the
ha
rdware
and
software
te
s
t
soluti
ons
for
the
m
obil
e
phone
m
anuf
ac
t
uring.
Th
en
he
joi
ned
Mult
imedia
Univer
s
i
t
y
a
s
Resea
rc
h
Offic
er
from
20
08
to
2010
whi
l
e
pursuing
his
M.
Eng.
Sc.
From
2012
to
2014
,
he
was
a
rese
arc
h
fellow
in
Univer
sit
y
M
al
a
y
si
a
Perli
s
d
uring
his
PhD
.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
a
Senior
Le
c
ture
r
at
th
e
School
of
Com
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Enginee
ring
(SC
CE)
,
Univer
siti
Malay
s
ia
Perli
s
.
His
cur
ren
t
rese
arc
h
intere
sts
in
cl
ude
an
te
nna
a
nd
propa
gat
ion
,
m
il
li
m
et
er
-
wave
wir
el
ess com
m
unic
at
ions
and
fuz
z
y
logi
c
f
or
wire
l
ess c
om
m
unic
at
ions.
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