TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 11, No. 6, June 20
13, pp. 3361
~ 336
6
e-ISSN: 2087
-278X
3361
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 4, 2013;
Re
vised Apri
l
17, 2013; Accepte
d
April 2
6
, 2013
Group Interaction Method based on Wireless Sensor
Network
Wu Qun, Zh
ou Haojie*, Bi Xiangang
Art and Desi
gn
Academ
y of Z
heji
a
n
g
Sci-T
e
ch Univ
ersit
y
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
Author:
w
u
q
@
zstu.edu.cn,
hao
jie
c
h
o
u
@1
26.com*, bl
uec
hoco
l
ate.2
008
@gmai
l
.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
h
is pap
er presents a gro
u
p
interacti
on me
th
od b
a
sed
on W
i
reless Sensor N
e
tw
ork w
h
ic
h
supp
lies
new
attempts and
ide
a
s for hu
man-co
mputer
i
n
teractio
n. F
i
rstly, analy
z
e
grou
p inter
a
cti
o
n
framew
ork that
is different from t
he
mo
no
me
r interactio
n, then inte
grat
e d
a
t
a lang
ua
ge of grou
p interacti
o
n
base
d
on
user
’s purp
o
se so t
hat the W
i
rel
e
s
s
Sensor
N
e
tw
ork techn
o
lo
gy
and
met
hods
are a
ppl
ied to t
h
e
system
of group inter
a
ction.
Fina
lly, group interaction toys based
on Wireless Sensor Network ar
e
deve
l
op
ed. Ea
ch of toy mo
no
mers is c
o
mpa
c
tly filled
with sensors, wireless co
mm
unic
ation devices, L
E
D
lights. T
he W
i
r
e
less S
ensor
Netw
ork w
h
ich
is co
mp
osed of
ma
ny mo
no
mers
makes i
n
terface functi
o
n
come tru
e
i
n
vi
rtual. T
he
user
s not
only
act
on th
e p
h
ysica
l
obj
ect b
u
t als
o
act
directly
o
n
the
"d
ata" w
h
e
n
th
e
y
u
s
e
the
de
vi
ce
. Cu
rre
n
t
ly th
e
fu
n
c
ti
on
s
i
n
cl
ud
in
g
li
gh
t tra
n
s
m
i
ssio
n
a
n
d
l
i
g
h
t
co
lo
r b
l
en
d
i
n
g
ha
ve
b
een
acco
mp
lish
ed and
d
e
ve
lop
i
n
g
.
Ke
y
w
ords
: W
S
N (W
ireless S
ensor N
e
tw
ork), group inter
a
ct
ion, user
’
s
pur
pose
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
The devel
op
ment of ne
w
sci
en
ce a
nd t
e
ch
nolo
g
y always
stimulat
e the hum
an
-cente
r
ed
desi
gn
con
c
e
p
ts an
d de
si
gn meth
ods.
In the curren
t market, the
huma
n
-com
puter i
n
tera
ct
ion
desi
gn of el
e
c
troni
c
devices h
a
s
bee
n
become m
o
re
ha
rmoni
ou
s, but most of
them are limi
t
ed
to a
singl
e p
e
rson–
sin
g
le
material
interaction, l
eadi
n
g
to the
"di
s
tance" bet
wee
n
pe
ople
fart
he
r
away. On th
e other
side,
the way that most in
tera
ctive feedba
ck stays
o
n
the scree
n
is
not
suitabl
e for th
e eld
e
rly p
e
o
p
le
who
are f
o
rgetfu
l or
yo
ung age grou
ps wh
o
la
ck experie
nce
from
learni
ng. Fut
u
re
de
sign
wi
ll be p
a
id
more att
ention
to
harmony
co
mmuni
cation
of peo
ple-pe
ople
[1], people-p
r
odu
cts, and p
eople
-
environ
ment.
Hiroshi Ishii [2]
who
come
s from MIT M
edia La
b pro
posed the id
ea abo
ut “Ta
c
tile Bits”
that perce
pt
and m
anip
u
la
tes di
gital inf
o
rmatio
n di
re
ctly by giving
the di
gital in
formation
to t
h
e
physi
cal form
to make the
data an
d the
physi
cal
e
n
vironment a
nd
real pe
ople to
be conn
ecte
d.
MIT develo
p
e
d
interactive t
o
ys
called
"Siftables [3
]", p
h
ysical entitie
s a
nd the
me
rging
of di
gital
conte
n
t for o
ne o
p
e
r
ation
can
a
c
hieve
control
of
the
buildi
ng
blo
c
ks of th
e eve
r
yday expe
rie
n
ce
of the toy itself, such a
s
a photo
so
rting. This
di
git
a
l kin
d
of thi
n
kin
g
led
directly to a nat
ural
interaction
[4]
base
d
on Wirele
ss Se
nso
r
Network [5]
also provide
a rese
arch
base for gro
u
p
intera
ction [6] as the gen
eration and d
e
velopme
n
t of new interactive
way.
The g
r
ou
p in
teractio
n
con
c
ept
com
e
s f
r
om th
e
ob
servation
of the peo
ple’
s d
a
ily life.
People u
s
u
a
lly say hello to
their frien
d
s
whe
n
m
eet t
hem on the
road o
r
sh
are
their juice wi
th
their frien
d
s
at the party. Human
s
al
ways n
eed to comm
uni
cate with each other. With
the
developm
ent of scie
n
ce an
d techn
o
logy, the rapi
d de
velopment of human
-comp
u
ter interactio
n
techn
o
logy pl
ayed a sig
n
ificant role in
prod
uct d
e
si
gn and m
a
n
y
other fields [7].
When the
human
de
al
with di
gital inf
o
rmatio
n o
r
media i
n
form
ation, such a
s
mi
cro bl
og
and
email, th
ere i
s
nothing can affect the o
perate ability because of the
rich expe
rience they have,
but more often,
person
-
to-pe
r
son
co
mmuni
cation
ha
s be
en limited. T
he so-calle
d t
he mod
e
of t
he mod
e
rn way
of life "perso
n-obj
ect
s
-obj
ects-pe
r
son"
make
s pe
opl
e much clo
s
e
r
in geo
gra
p
h
i
c dista
n
ce [8]. In
the mean
whil
e, the psy
c
ho
logical di
stan
ce i
s
exten
ded; they prefer to talk
to their friends
at the
front of comp
uter screen o
r
mobile
d
e
vice, rath
er tha
n
face to face
.
As mention
e
d
above the
intera
ctive mode,
"pe
r
son-o
b
je
cts-ob
jects-pe
rson",
can b
e
rega
rd
ed as
a great de
al of people
-
ma
terial mono
m
e
rs ove
r
lap
p
ed. In real lives, we advo
c
ate
"return
to the
real
wo
rld
o
n
the b
a
si
s
o
f
the
develo
p
m
ent of di
gital inform
atio
n produ
cts,
u
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 6, June 201
3 : 3361 – 33
66
3362
sci
en
ce a
nd t
e
ch
nolo
g
y to
enri
c
h
huma
n
experi
e
n
c
e t
h
rou
gh
Wirel
e
ss Sen
s
o
r
Network i
n
o
r
d
e
r
to achieve
seamle
ss inte
gration b
e
tween the phy
si
cal world a
n
d
the digital worl
d, to ach
i
eve
grou
p interact
ion of multiple obje
c
ts an
d
multi person.
In order to f
a
cilitate the f
o
llowing di
scus
sion, group interaction
can
be defined as a
con
c
e
p
t based on g
ene
ral unde
rstan
d
ing which is
differe
nt from the “sing
l
e perso
n-sin
g
le
material” interac
t
ion. It
refers
to
the
“multi
pe
rson-multi
material
” i
n
teraction
ba
se
d
on the
“sin
gle
person - multi
-
materi
al” inte
ractio
n and th
e “multi-m
ate
r
ial - multi-ma
terial” inte
ra
ction, promotin
g
intera
ction a
nd commu
nication of pe
op
le by pr
odu
ct
s an
d envi
r
o
n
ment. The
Wirel
e
ss Se
n
s
or
Network is a
kind of co
mputer n
e
twork
com
p
o
s
e
d
of many spatially
distri
buted auto
m
atic
device
s
, whi
c
h m
onitor t
he phy
sical
con
d
ition a
n
d
the envi
r
o
n
mental
con
d
itions f
r
om
the
different po
si
tions with th
e
help of se
nsors.
Natu
ral i
n
tera
ction m
ean
s that the
people
will
be
able to intera
ct with the re
al physical world by us
i
ng their familiar
skill
s, co
ntroll
ing the input and
output of
di
gital informat
ion throug
h
variou
s
type
s of
se
nsors witho
u
t butt
on a
nd
scre
en
interface. Putting the techn
o
logy foundat
ion of this
natural interactio
n and prin
cipl
es of Wireless
Senso
r
Network into the
re
sea
r
ch of gro
up
intera
ction
may create n
e
w interactive
methods.
The fram
ewo
r
k of group in
teractio
n is p
r
opo
se
d on the ba
sis of n
a
tural inte
ra
ction an
d
Wirel
e
ss S
e
n
s
or Netwo
r
k.
For i
n
sta
n
ce, the o
u
t
put o
f
feedba
ck of
the lig
ht [9]
can
be
u
s
ed
to
explore
grou
p interactio
n
method
s. Th
en the
gro
u
p
intera
ction t
o
ys a
r
e d
e
ve
loped
ba
sed
on
Wirel
e
ss Sen
s
or
Net
w
ork.
The toys in
cl
ude
ma
ny monome
r
s whi
c
h a
r
e phy
sically indepe
nd
ent
and self-po
w
ered; ea
ch of
them can
communi
cate
with other m
onome
r
s thro
ugh a variety
of
sen
s
o
r
s. Sub
s
eq
uently, we epitome
some of the i
n
tera
ctive la
ngua
ge u
s
ed
in this de
si
gn
example. Fin
a
lly, we desi
g
n a child
ren
color tea
c
hin
g
toys.
2. The Fram
e
w
o
r
k o
f
Gr
oup Intera
cti
on based o
n
Wireless Se
nsor Net
w
o
r
k
An intera
ctive
system
ca
n
be con
s
ide
r
e
d
t
hat seve
ral
informatio
n
pro
c
e
ssi
ng a
pparatus
coo
perate through the co
mmuni
cation
to achieve
a
certain p
u
rp
ose. In the group inte
ra
ctive
sy
st
em of
W
i
rele
ss S
e
n
s
or Net
w
o
r
k,
use
r
s o
r
ga
ni
cally org
ani
ze the functio
n
of interacti
v
e
system to a
c
hieve
spe
c
if
ic goal
s. Th
e Wirele
ss
Senso
r
Network m
a
ke up
a tangible
use
r
interface [10]
. The input
mean
s phy
si
cal o
peratio
n
of the entire
intera
ctive system to ide
n
tify
use
r
s o
r
mon
o
mers mutual
"communi
cat
e
". The
data can be di
re
ctly act
ed by user purpo
se a
nd
these "mon
o
m
ers’ com
m
unication" in the system. In
this pro
c
e
s
s, that the user's p
u
rp
ose is
dire
ctly conv
erted to the
data is a
co
re pro
c
e
s
s. In the tradition
al man-co
mp
uter interacti
on
system, in
put
and
conve
r
sion a
r
e
seri
al
and o
n
e
-
wa
y conta
c
t, the syste
m
pe
rform info
rmat
io
n
throug
h the form of event seq
uen
ce, while in the
ph
ysical inte
rfa
c
e, the input
of informatio
n is
multi-thre
ade
d and pa
rallel
[11].
This multi
-
threade
d and p
a
rallel
ed info
rmation n
o
t only come from the ope
ration of
multi-chan
nel
input the u
s
er
ope
rate
dire
ctly
but also from m
u
lti-ch
ann
el i
nput after th
e
monom
er mu
tual of
ope
rati
on. Th
e bi
gg
est diffe
ren
c
e
between
g
r
o
up inte
ra
ction
and
mo
nom
ers
intera
ct is to
achieve the
multi-ch
ann
el input
from
the monom
er mutual "
c
ommuni
catio
n
". It
make
s the i
n
teractive d
e
si
gn mu
ch hi
g
her in ti
m
e
, semantic, lo
gi
cal a
r
ea. So
achi
eving mu
ch
multi-group in
teractio
n is constraine
d by a fram
ework
to unified inp
u
t from multip
le cha
nnel
s.
It can be fo
u
nd, a u
s
e
r
's
purp
o
se can
be a
c
hieve
d
by the multip
le ch
ann
els
of data
langu
age. Th
e same u
s
e
r
’s purpo
se
may come from different
cha
nnel
s, bu
t in the end a
particula
r pu
rpose will b
e
a
c
hieve
d
. The
r
e is a i
n
tegrate pro
c
e
s
s tha
t
information i
s
organi
ze
d a
s
use
r
’s
purpo
se langu
age.
User’
s
pu
rpo
s
e lan
gua
ge i
s
integ
r
ated t
h
rou
gh a
sin
g
le-cha
nnel d
a
ta
langu
age o
r
multi-chan
nel
data langu
ag
e.
Interactive
system de
sig
n
in
clude
s t
he d
e
sig
n
o
f
the u
s
er's purpo
se, b
ehavio
r
operation
s
de
sign, the
dat
a lang
uag
e i
n
tegratio
n
fra
m
ewo
r
k de
si
gn ba
se
d on
grou
p inte
ra
ction
data lan
gua
g
e
of user’
s
p
u
rpo
s
e.
Du
ri
ng the
d
e
si
g
n
proce
s
s, p
eople
-
o
r
iente
d
and
cu
sto
m
er-
oriente
d
sh
o
u
ld be obeye
d
. Desig
n
of use
r
purpo
se
is that the d
e
sig
n
of beh
avior ope
rati
on in
the desi
gn of grou
p interact
ion, use the g
eneral sk
ills
whi
c
h u
s
ers a
r
e familiar to i
n
tera
ct with the
real phy
sical
world, divid
e
the use
r
’s
purp
o
se
into
one or mo
re acts op
era
t
ion, then design
behavio
r op
e
r
ation to
co
ntrol the i
nput
and o
u
tput of
digital inform
ation so that
the sp
ecifi
c
g
oal
can
be
a
c
hie
v
ed. De
sig
n
o
f
data la
ngu
a
ge inte
grati
o
n
is th
e d
e
si
gn
of Wi
rel
e
ss
Senso
r
Net
w
ork.
Acco
rdi
ng to
the results
of
the de
sig
n
of
use
r
’s
pu
rp
ose, ma
ke
su
re
the
con
c
rete
re
pre
s
e
n
tation
of data
analy
s
is,
re
union
a
nd inte
grate
i
n
inte
ract
ive
system.
Of course, th
ere
i
s
time
limitation
and some oth
e
r impo
rtant informatio
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
Grou
p Intera
ction Method b
a
se
d on Wi
rel
e
ss Sensor
Network (Wu Q
un)
3363
3. Design Ex
amples and
Dev
e
lopment
3.1.
Design
Examples
The g
r
oup i
n
tera
ctive toys
we devel
ope
d ba
sed o
n
Wirel
e
ss Sen
s
or
Net
w
o
r
k
consi
s
ts i
n
a colle
ction
of the same
toy monomer (50m
m
×
50
m
m
×42
mm) -
each monom
er incl
ude: L
E
D
lights, a
thre
e-axis digital
gy
ro
scope,
a wi
rele
ss m
odule,
a mi
croph
one, fo
u
r
tong
ue tu
b
e
s,
magnet
s and
an onb
oard rech
arg
eabl
e battery.
For
a typical
data m
anipul
ation ta
sk:
e
a
ch
toy mo
n
o
mer ha
s it
s
own
ind
epe
n
dent ID,
receives an
d
inputs phy
si
cal info
rmati
on via th
e
three
-
axi
s
dig
i
tal gyro
scop
e, tongue
tu
be,
microph
one.
Then d
a
ta in
formation
pro
c
e
s
sed by
th
e microp
ro
ce
ssor, the
out
put inform
ation
pre
s
ente
d
to
the u
s
e
r
ca
n di
re
ctly fee
dba
ck on
the
light, o
r
can
be t
r
an
smitt
ed to
othe
r t
o
y
monom
ers. Each toy mono
mer can a
c
hi
eve the swit
ch, to chang
e light colo
r, flashin
g
and oth
e
r
visual fe
edb
a
c
ks, a
s
sh
own in
Table
1
. I
n
Ta
ble2,
ba
se
d
on
W
i
r
e
les
s
Se
ns
or
N
e
tw
o
r
k
c
o
ns
is
tin
g
of a thre
e-axi
s
digital
gyro
scope, a
wire
less
mod
u
le, a
microp
hon
e
,
four
tong
ue tubes and so
me
magnet
s, every toy monom
er ca
n co
mm
unicate with o
t
her toy mono
mers.
Table 1.
The
Monom
er Intera
ction Desi
gn in System
If
user's
purpose is
And
behavior op
erations is
Then
Wireless Sensor Net
w
o
r
k
consist of
Then
the d
a
ta la
nguage
integration frame
w
o
r
k design is
ON
ON
O
FF
O
FF
O
FF
Changes in
primar
y
colors
Light flashes
Blow
ing
Horizontal clockw
ise
rotati
on (p
refer
r
e
d
)
Blow
ing
Vertical rotation
Horizontal counterclockw
ise
rotation
Horizontal clockw
ise
rotation
A slight rotation
microphone
three-a
x
is digital g
y
roscope
microphone
three-a
x
is digital g
y
roscope
three-a
x
is digital g
y
roscope
three-a
x
is digital g
y
roscope
three-a
x
is digital g
y
roscope
there is signal
Clockw
ise 30 °
within 1 sec
there is signal
Rotation grea
ter
than 90 °
Counterclockw
is
e 30 °
w
ithin 1
sec
Clockw
ise 30 °
within 1 sec
there is signal
Table 2.
The
Grou
p Intera
ction De
sign in
System
If
user's pur
pose
in group
inter
a
ction is
Then
Wireless Sensor
Net
w
ork consist of
Then
beh
avior o
perations and th
e data language
integration frame
w
o
r
k design are
Sa
y
hello to each
monomer
(lighting infection)
Dumping and mi
xing of colors
(the monom
er A ‘
s
color pour
into monomer B
)
tongue tubes an
d magnets
three-a
x
is digital g
y
roscope
and w
i
reless
module
monomers ar
e br
ought into close contact w
i
thin 2
seconds
Close contact w
i
t
h
more than
2 se
conds of the
tw
o
monome
r
s a
nd the monome
r
A to monomer B
dumping opera
t
ion
The th
ree
-
ax
is digital
gyroscop
e
can
detect th
e rotation info
rmation of th
e u
s
er's
purp
o
se in the three
-
dime
nsio
nal surfa
c
e such as
th
e acq
u
isitio
n of the operati
on inform
atio
n we
named "du
m
ping". The di
gital gyrosco
pe of said is
sen
s
itive to the sign
al of three
-
dim
e
n
s
i
onal
rotation, the
inform
ation
being
se
nt to the mi
crop
rocesso
r
. Th
e rotatio
n
inf
o
rmatio
n b
e
in
g
pro
c
e
s
sed
in the
microp
ro
cessor, output and
the
LED
lights a
r
e
con
t
rolled by LE
D lamp
mod
u
l
e
in acc
o
rdance with predet
ermined
s
e
ttings
, on
and
off, the light intens
ity changing, the light
c
o
lor
c
h
an
g
i
ng
. T
h
e us
e
r
'
s
p
u
r
p
os
e is ac
q
u
i
r
e
d b
y
th
e mi
cro
pho
ne
whi
c
h
can
d
e
tect the
si
gn
al
we na
med "bl
o
w", and the
voice si
gnal v
i
a the micr
op
hone of
said i
s
se
nt
to the microprocessor.
The voice inf
o
rmatio
n bei
ng proc
esse
d
by micropro
c
e
s
sor, the
LED
lig
h
t
modu
le
co
n
t
r
o
l
LE
D
lights o
n
an
d off in acco
rdan
ce
with
pred
etermi
ne
d setting
s. T
he tong
ue tu
bes
are
set
for
monom
ers’
communi
catio
n
, one
mon
o
m
er
sayin
g
h
e
llo to th
e oth
e
r
who
is in
close
conta
c
t
with
it. Tongu
e tu
bes an
d m
a
gnets a
r
e
se
t in pai
rs a
n
d
inte
rleaved
insi
de
of e
a
ch
si
de
of
toy
monom
er. (O
verloo
king a
monom
er, the setting
s
structure of tongue t
ube
s a
nd magn
ets
is
sho
w
n in Fi
g
u
re 1
)
. Wh
en
two toy mon
o
mers conta
c
t, the magnet inside th
e toy monome
r
a
c
t
on the
tong
u
e
tube
s insi
d
e
the
othe
r to
y monom
er.
The to
ngu
e t
ube
s of
sai
d
i
s
sen
s
itive to
the
sign
al of the magneti
c
field, the informa
t
ion being
se
nt to the micropro
c
e
s
so
r. The magn
etic field
informatio
n b
e
ing p
r
o
c
e
s
sed in the mi
crop
ro
ce
ssor,
output and th
e LED light
s
are
controlled
on
and off by LED lamp mo
du
le in accorda
n
ce
with pre
d
e
termin
ed settings.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
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Vol. 11, No
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66
3364
Figure 1. The
Settings Stru
cture of To
ng
ue
Tube
s and M
agnet
s from
Overloo
k
in
g
Figure 2. A Group Inte
ra
ction Toy based
on
WSN (a c
o
lor-mixing teac
h toy)
Perha
p
s th
e
most inte
re
sting a
s
pe
ct of
the gro
up int
e
ra
ctive toys
is that it is a
platform
based o
n
Wi
rele
ss Sen
s
o
r
Netwo
r
k up
on which
we
can
devel
op
an inte
ra
ctio
n lang
uag
e f
o
r
WSN, sta
r
tin
g
from the use
r
'
s
purpo
se, anal
yzi
n
g
the relation
ship bet
wee
n
operation and
behavio
r, co
mpleting fra
m
ewo
r
k
de
sign
of integr
atin
g
data lang
uag
e. Currently, a colo
r-te
a
chi
ng
light toys b
a
s
ed
on th
e a
bove fra
m
ework ha
s
bee
n develo
ped,
a colo
r-mixi
ng tea
c
h toy,
as
s
h
ow
n
in
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
Whe
n
we m
o
ve our han
d
with La
mp m
onome
r
, the l
i
ght loo
k
s like
ca
ndlelig
ht flickerin
g
and a
cup of
water sl
oshin
g
. Two
mon
o
m
ers
close
c
ontact
within
2 se
co
nd
s (say “hell
o
” to
e
a
ch
monom
er) ca
n achi
eve a friendly mat
c
h
.
And dump the col
o
r a
s
the prim
ary color is
red mi
xed
with blue light
, turn purpl
e light.
Of course, th
e developm
e
n
t of group i
n
tera
ction lan
guag
e based
on Wirel
e
ss Senso
r
Network is
still in the early stage
s of de
sign. We ha
d
outlined a
bov
e that mono
mer inte
ra
ctio
n is
as
an exa
m
pl
e for
physi
cal
ope
rating, th
ere
bein
g
al
so group
interaction
a
s
an
i
n
stan
ce,
and
the
intera
ction la
ngua
ge can be used alon
e depth an
d can al
so b
e
used a
s
a who
l
e. The langu
ag
e
of the list is
only a sm
all
portion
of wh
ich
we
c
an t
r
y. Furtherm
o
re, different a
r
chite
c
tu
re
s for
Wirel
e
ss S
e
nso
r
Network
can
p
r
odu
ce th
ou
san
d
s
of group
intera
ction method
s.
G
r
oup
intera
ction ba
sed o
n
Wirele
ss Sen
s
o
r
Ne
twork can be
use
d
in the in
vast different
fields.
Example: du
mping an
d mi
xing colo
r
The colo
r-mix
ing
tea
c
h
toy is suited
to comp
lete th
e task, dum
ping
and mixin
g
colors. It
is cl
oser to
a
physi
cal exp
e
rime
nt, it being comp
lete
d
merely with our daily
dum
ping
o
peratio
n.
A monome
r
marked A, and anot
her mo
nom
er marke
d
B both have indep
end
ent
microprocessors, wi
rele
ss comm
uni
cati
on
mo
dul
e
s
.
After two m
o
nome
r
s cl
ose
co
ntact
and
say
“hello
” to e
a
ch othe
r, the
monom
er A i
s
du
mpe
d
,
its A colo
r into t
he mo
nome
r
B’s color, th
e
n
the
monom
er B’s color
ch
ange
s, colo
r B mixing col
o
r with
color A. Mon
o
mers’ comm
unication reli
e
s
on ton
gue
tu
bes an
d m
a
g
nets to
say
“hello”,
rotatio
n
info
rmation
coll
ecte
d by
the th
ree
-
ax
is
digital gyro
scope, sha
r
ing
informatio
n via wi
rele
ss m
odule. Of
co
urse, the
col
o
r mixing i
s
not
only limited to two colo
rs.
Figure 3. Du
mping an
d Mi
xing Single Color
Figure 4. Du
mping an
d Mi
xing Multi-col
o
r
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TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
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-278X
Grou
p Intera
ction Method b
a
se
d on Wi
rel
e
ss Sensor
Network (Wu Q
un)
3365
3.2. Challen
g
es and Fu
ture Direc
t
io
ns
The
d
e
velop
m
ent
of gro
u
p
interactio
n desi
gn ba
sed
on Wi
rele
ss Senso
r
Net
w
ork
i
s
still
at a very e
a
rl
y stage. A
s
such th
ere a
r
e
many
future
chall
enge
s to
add
re
ss, b
o
th tech
nolo
g
ical
and con
c
eptu
a
l.
Grou
p inte
ra
ction i
s
b
a
se
d on
Wi
rele
ss Sen
s
o
r
Net
w
ork te
ch
nol
ogy. Wirele
ss Sen
s
o
r
Network tech
nology ha
s focu
se
d a
great deal of e
ffort on the tech
nical issu
es that it faces.
Given the de
sign requi
rem
ents, l
ong
er
battery endu
rance for a se
nso
r
nod
e re
quire
s that ot
her
prio
rities
su
ch as batte
ry size, the radi
o tran
smissio
n
rang
e, or frequ
en
cy of comm
uni
cati
on
need
s to be
turned over.
For the sa
ke of efficient
ly realizin
g of the user'
s
i
n
tention, more
profe
ssi
onal
and expe
nsi
v
e comp
one
nts are nee
ded, more a
ppro
p
ri
ate sensors and l
i
ttler
widg
et. And furthe
r effort
s on code
writing are ne
ed
ed to a
c
hiev
e the lo
we
r p
r
eci
s
io
n of u
s
er
input an
d the
highe
r recogn
ition. Also, it i
s
a m
a
jo
r issue that h
o
w t
o
co
rr
elate th
e de
sign
of u
s
er
intent and the
desig
n of be
havior op
eration better.
4. Conclusio
n
Grou
p inte
ra
ction ba
sed
on
Wirele
ss S
e
nso
r
Network bre
a
ks
som
e
limitations,
such
as
the traditio
nal
sep
a
ration of
digital
spa
c
e
and
physi
cal
spa
c
e,
one
-way p
r
op
agat
ion an
d the l
a
ck
of intera
ction
betwe
en p
e
o
p
le. Each
ste
p
of the
i
n
tera
ctive sy
stem
desi
gn e
m
bo
dies the
con
c
ept
of "people
-
o
r
i
ented" in the
desi
gn a
nd t
e
ch
nolo
g
y, data the lan
g
u
age inte
gratio
n throu
gh m
u
lti-
cha
nnel
can
overco
me the sh
ort
c
om
ings in th
e
traditional i
n
tera
ctive, continuo
us in
put
requi
rem
ents,
highe
r a
c
cu
racy
req
u
ire
m
ents to
ac
h
i
eve efficient
intera
ct an
d
natural. De
sign
developm
ent
dire
ction, fo
llowing
the
human
e
ca
re an
d effe
ctive use of
p
eople'
s
daily
life
experie
nce, e
m
pha
sis on
p
h
ysical
conta
c
t to g
u
ide
pe
ople to
explo
r
e the
sig
n
ifica
n
ce
an
d
role
in
the phy
sical
worl
d a
nd th
e
digital
wo
rld,
to p
r
om
ote
e
x
chan
ge
s b
e
twee
n u
s
e
r
s,
so
as to
creat
e a
unified
experi
ence persistent. Produ
ct use, the user
will be more
pro
and pleasant. T
he use of
grou
p interaction prod
uct
s
target u
s
er p
opulatio
n will
be more wid
e
l
y applica
b
le
to the low level
of learning
o
f
the chil
dre
n
[12], also
applie
s to ol
der
users
slow le
arni
ng
prog
re
ss. Group
s
intera
ct with prod
uct
s
not only
en
han
ce
and
en
ri
ch
t
he u
s
e
r
expe
rien
ce
of d
a
il
y life, to pro
m
ote
excha
nge
s,
esp
e
ci
ally th
e em
otional
Lenovo
al
so
the spe
c
ific
use
of the
e
n
vironm
ent, thus
demon
stratin
g
its taste.
The adva
n
ta
ges
of gro
u
p
intera
ction
method b
a
s
ed
on Wi
re
less Sen
s
o
r
Network
provide a ri
ch
set of desig
n
princi
ple
s
to resolv
e the problem of hum
an-com
puter i
n
tera
ction. We
recomme
nd trying to prod
u
c
e an entirely new way to
intera
ct with the method th
roug
h the use
of
these d
e
si
gn
prin
ciple
s
an
d Wirele
ss S
ensor
Ne
twork tech
nolo
g
y, and worked
out a ne
w de
sign
frame
w
ork d
i
fferent from
the mono
mer inte
ra
ctive and d
e
si
gn pri
n
ci
ple
s
for the g
r
oup
intera
ction.
Mean
while,
meet the
ch
alleng
e, furth
e
r
efforts on
co
de
writing
bein
g
n
eed
ed to
achi
eve the lowe
r pre
c
i
s
io
n of user inp
u
t
and the higher recognit
i
on and solving the probl
e
m
that how to correlate the d
e
sig
n
of use
r
in
tent and the
desig
n of be
havior op
eration better.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ments
This
work
wa
s finan
ced
b
y
the fund of National
Nat
u
ral Sci
e
n
c
e
Found
ation o
f
China
Grant
No. 61
1031
00 a
nd
Scien
c
e F
o
u
ndation
of Zhejian
g
Sci
-
T
e
ch
Unive
r
sit
y
(ZSTU) un
der
Grant No.10
0
9831
-Y.
This work wa
s
also
sup
p
o
r
t
ed
by the plan o
f
Scientific an
d Technol
ogi
cal
resea
r
ch an
d developm
ent in Zhon
gsh
an (2
012
cxy006) a
n
d
the plan of Scientific and
Tech
nolo
g
ica
l
rese
arch a
n
d
developm
e
n
t in Taizho
u (111X
CP07
).
Referen
ces
[1]
Surie D
i
p
a
k, Peders
on T
homas. Huma
n Co
gniti
on as
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oun
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on for
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i
ng
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tr
i
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a
radi
gm.
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ma
n-Co
mp
uter I
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he Age
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087-278X
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NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 6, June 201
3 : 3361 – 33
66
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