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25,
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.
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~1
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N:
2502
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DO
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:
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v
25.
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pp1
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-
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Jou
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p
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pon
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or
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m
a
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:
f
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r
a
s
_
n
a
d
h
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r
@
uo
m
o
s
u
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.
e
du.
i
q
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
C
h
a
r
ge
pl
a
s
m
a
a
n
d
e
l
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t
r
o
s
ta
t
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c
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ni
que
s
a
r
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n
t
l
y
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vi
s
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d
t
e
c
h
ni
que
s
to
pr
o
v
o
c
a
t
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n
t
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v
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r
t
ua
l
d
o
pi
n
g
i
n
s
i
de
t
h
e
de
vi
c
e
[
1
],
[
2]
.
I
n
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
ge
pl
a
s
m
a
t
e
c
h
ni
que
,
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
ge
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
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r
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m
ot
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v
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d
w
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hi
n
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m
a
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by
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m
p
l
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n
g
d
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f
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t
w
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t
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s
on
t
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d
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d
s
o
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tr
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c
h
ni
que
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t
h
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c
h
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x
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bi
a
s
[3
],
[
4]
.
T
h
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t
un
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f
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d
-
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f
f
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l
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g
t
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vi
r
t
ua
l
d
o
pi
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g
t
e
c
h
ni
que
s
[5
]
-
[
7
]
.
T
F
E
T
c
a
n
b
e
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e
ga
r
de
d
a
s
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p
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l
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t
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t
t
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s
t
or
(
M
OSF
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T
)
to
o
v
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r
c
o
m
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t
h
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m
p
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f
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t
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g
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ON
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O
F
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r
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t
i
o
,
l
o
w
OF
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-
c
ur
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e
n
t
s
t
a
t
e
l
o
we
r
s
ub
t
h
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e
s
h
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d
s
lo
pe
a
n
d
mi
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im
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z
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t
h
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p
o
we
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
pt
i
o
n
[
8
]
-
[
11
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
m
e
c
h
a
ni
s
m
o
f
T
F
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i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
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b
a
n
d
-
to
-
b
a
n
d
t
un
n
e
li
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ph
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n
o
m
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n
o
n
,
whil
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i
n
M
OSF
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T
,
t
h
e
ope
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a
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n
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m
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c
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a
ni
s
m
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b
a
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d
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t
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t
h
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r
m
i
o
ni
c
e
mi
s
s
i
o
n
t
e
c
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ni
que
[
12]
-
[
14]
.
B
e
s
i
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s
a
l
l
t
he
s
e
a
d
v
a
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ge
s
,
b
ut
T
F
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T
i
s
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t
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ll
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f
f
e
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f
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pr
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f
a
c
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c
h
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ll
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n
g
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li
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l
o
w
ON
-
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t
s
t
a
t
e
,
a
m
bi
po
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b
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vi
o
r
(
c
o
n
duc
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o
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o
f
c
ur
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n
t
wh
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n
t
h
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ga
t
e
bi
a
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is
n
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ga
t
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)
,
a
n
d
hi
g
h
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r
pa
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s
i
t
i
c
c
a
pa
c
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t
a
n
c
e
s
[
15]
-
[
18
].
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
o
f
t
h
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c
h
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r
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p
l
a
s
m
a
t
u
n
n
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l
fi
el
d
-
e
ff
ec
t
t
ran
s
i
s
t
o
r
(
CP
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T
F
E
T
)
i
s
t
h
e
bi
o
s
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n
s
o
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de
vi
c
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whi
c
h
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a
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b
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d
o
n
c
ha
r
ge
p
l
a
s
m
a
t
e
c
h
ni
qu
e
[
19]
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
ot
h
e
r
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
bio
s
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o
r
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
20]
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n
t
h
e
bi
o
-
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
b
e
l
o
w
t
h
e
d
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
ga
t
e
,
b
ut
I
S
F
E
T
c
a
n
n
o
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
un
c
h
a
r
ge
d
m
o
l
e
c
u
l
e
s
f
o
r
a
ny
bi
o
-
s
a
m
p
l
e
,
s
o
t
hi
s
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
a
s
l
im
i
t
e
r
s
o
f
I
S
F
E
T
[
19]
.
W
hil
e
C
P
-
T
F
E
T
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
ve
r
i
f
i
e
d
t
o
b
e
us
e
d
a
s
a
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
de
vi
c
e
t
o
de
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
un
c
h
a
r
ge
d
m
o
l
e
c
u
l
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
bio
-
s
a
m
p
le
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
[
21]
,
[
22]
.
Al
s
o
,
a
n
ot
h
e
r
t
y
pe
o
f
F
E
T
bi
o
s
e
n
s
o
r
i
s
t
h
e
d
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
m
o
du
l
a
t
e
d
de
vi
c
e
h
a
s
n
a
med
DM
-
F
E
T
bi
o
s
e
n
s
o
r
a
n
d
DM
-
T
F
E
T
whi
c
h
h
a
v
e
hi
g
h
e
r
s
e
ns
i
t
i
vi
t
y
f
o
r
bi
o
-
s
a
m
p
l
e
[
23]
,
[
24]
.
T
hi
s
pa
pe
r
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
s
t
h
e
pr
o
bl
e
m
o
f
t
h
e
de
tec
t
un
c
h
a
r
ge
d
m
o
l
e
c
u
l
e
s
a
n
d
pr
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
by
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
a
l
l
t
h
e
b
e
ne
f
i
c
i
a
l
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
di
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
m
o
du
l
a
t
e
d
(
DM
)
bi
o
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
c
h
a
r
ge
p
l
a
s
m
a
c
o
n
c
e
pt
i
o
n
a
n
d
T
F
E
T
de
vi
c
e
,
t
h
e
DM
C
P
-
T
F
E
T
bi
o
s
e
n
s
o
r
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
n
o
n
go
i
n
g
de
vi
c
e
a
n
d
i
t
s
b
e
tt
e
r
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
s
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
ot
h
e
r
t
y
pe
s
o
f
bi
o
s
e
ns
o
r
[
25]
-
[
27]
.
S
o,
t
h
i
s
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
pa
pe
r
a
i
m
s
t
o
r
e
a
l
i
z
e
a
n
d
s
t
udy
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
T
F
E
T
de
vi
c
e
t
h
a
t
de
p
e
n
d
o
n
t
h
e
C
P
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
wor
k
c
o
m
e
s
i
n
t
o
vi
e
w
e
nh
a
nc
e
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
of
t
h
e
de
vi
c
e
(
s
u
b
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
s
l
o
p
a
n
d
I
ON
/I
O
F
F
r
a
t
i
o
)
whi
c
h
us
e
d
a
s
a
bi
o
s
e
n
s
o
r
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
.
2.
DE
VI
CE
S
T
RU
C
T
UR
E
AN
D
P
AR
AM
E
T
E
RS
T
h
e
s
ubs
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
o
f
t
h
e
de
vi
c
e
,
s
i
li
c
o
n
c
h
a
r
ge
p
l
a
s
m
a
t
un
n
e
l
f
i
e
l
d
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
or
(
C
P
-
T
F
E
T
)
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
a
s
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1.
T
h
e
s
o
ur
c
e
a
n
d
dr
a
i
n
r
e
g
io
n
s
a
r
e
e
s
t
a
bli
s
h
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
r
i
n
s
i
c
b
o
d
y
by
pr
o
b
e
r
m
e
t
a
l
wo
r
k
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
.
“
P
+
”
s
o
ur
c
e
i
s
i
m
p
l
a
n
t
e
d
by
(
ϕ
S
=
5.
93
e
V)
a
n
d
“
N+
”
dr
a
i
n
i
s
i
m
p
l
a
n
t
e
d
by
(
ϕ
D
=
3.
9
e
V)
.
T
h
e
ga
t
e
r
e
gi
o
ns
a
r
e
e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
he
d
o
n
S
i
O2
by
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
m
e
t
a
l
wo
r
k
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
Ga
t
e
1
a
n
d
Ga
t
e
2
a
r
e
i
m
p
lan
t
e
d
b
y
(ϕ
=
3.
9
e
V)
,
Ga
t
e
3,
a
n
d
Ga
t
e
4
(
ϕ
=
4
.
0
e
V)
.
T
h
e
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
o
f
t
h
e
de
vi
c
e
i
s
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
ut
i
o
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
a
n
d
h
o
l
e
a
r
e
a
v
a
i
l
a
bl
e
r
e
gu
l
a
r
a
t
s
o
ur
c
e
a
n
d
dr
a
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
de
,
whi
c
h
m
a
ke
b
e
t
t
e
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
a
gr
e
a
t
ON
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
-
s
t
a
t
e
[
28
]
-
[
30]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
ubs
t
r
a
t
e
r
e
gi
o
n
(
b
o
d
y
)
i
s
1
×
10
15
cm
-
3
whi
c
h
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
s
i
li
c
o
n
i
n
t
r
i
n
s
i
c
a
n
d
t
h
e
l
e
n
gt
h
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
nn
e
l
i
s
43
nm
.
Oxi
de
l
a
y
e
r
t
hi
c
k
n
e
s
s
(
S
i
O2)
un
de
r
t
h
e
ga
t
e
i
s
3
nm
a
n
d
t
h
e
l
e
n
gt
h
o
f
t
h
e
ga
t
e
un
de
r
l
a
p
r
e
g
i
o
n
(
d
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
)
or
s
pa
c
e
l
e
n
gt
h
i
s
7
nm
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
ppl
i
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
n
t
h
e
dr
a
i
n
t
e
r
m
i
na
l
(
Vd)
i
s
0.
5
V
.
I
n
t
hi
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
,
we
s
t
ud
y
a
n
d
i
nv
e
s
t
i
ga
t
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
(
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
de
vi
c
e
s
uc
h
a
s
I
ON
,
I
ON
/I
O
F
F
r
a
t
i
o
,
s
ub
-
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
s
lo
pe
(
S
S
)
,
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
(
VT
)
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
c
o
nduc
t
a
n
c
e
(
g
m
)
.
T
h
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
de
vi
c
e
wa
s
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
by
v
a
r
y
i
ng
m
a
ny
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
de
vi
c
e
s
uc
h
a
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
d
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
(
un
de
r
l
a
p
r
e
g
i
o
n
(
K
)
)
,
o
xi
de
l
a
ye
r
t
hi
c
k
ne
s
s
(
T
OX
)
,
a
n
d
c
h
a
nn
e
l
l
e
n
gt
h
(
L
C
h
)
[
31
],
[
32
].
F
i
gur
e
1.
S
c
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
o
f
a
C
P
-
T
F
E
T
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
T
h
e
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
t
a
ke
n
by
u
s
i
ng
t
h
e
T
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
C
o
m
put
e
r
A
i
de
d
D
e
s
i
g
n
(
T
C
AD
)
too
l
.
T
h
e
ga
t
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
(
V
GS
)
i
s
p
l
o
tt
e
d
a
ga
i
ns
t
b
ot
h
dr
a
i
n
c
ur
r
e
n
t
(
I
ON
)
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
c
o
n
duc
t
a
nc
e
(
g
m
)
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2
a
n
d
F
i
gur
e
3
a
t
K
=
1,
2,
4,
8,
a
n
d
12)
.
I
n
F
i
gur
e
2
i
s
t
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
d
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
o
ns
t
a
n
t
i
n
dr
a
i
n
c
ur
r
e
n
t
,
wh
e
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
(
I
ON
)
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
w
h
e
n
(
K
)
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
3
o
f
t
h
e
(
gm
)
.
T
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
d
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
(
k)
v
e
r
s
us
t
h
e
r
a
t
i
o
o
f
(
I
ON
/I
O
F
F
)
a
n
d
s
ub
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
s
l
o
pe
(
S
S
)
a
r
e
pl
o
tt
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
4,
whi
c
h
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
o
f
(
K
)
l
e
d
t
o
a
n
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
I
ON
/I
O
F
F
,
whil
e
t
h
e
o
pp
o
s
i
t
e
o
c
c
ur
s
i
n
(
S
S
)
,
wh
e
r
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
o
f
(
K
)
,
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
(
SS
)
wi
ll
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
.
Al
s
o
,
c
a
n
b
e
f
o
un
d
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
po
i
n
t
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
m
i
n
a
b
o
ut
5.
2
o
f
(
K
)
.
T
h
e
dr
a
i
n
c
ur
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
c
o
n
duc
t
a
n
c
e
a
r
e
pl
o
tt
e
d
a
ga
i
ns
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ga
t
e
wi
t
h
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
T
OX
=
(
1,
2
,
3,
a
n
d
4)
a
s
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
i
gur
e
s
5
a
n
d
6
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
ly
.
T
h
e
p
l
o
t
s
v
a
l
i
da
t
e
t
h
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
de
vi
c
e
,
a
t
de
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
(
T
OX
)
,
t
h
e
I
D
c
ur
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
g
m
w
i
ll
b
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
ng.
T
h
a
t
’
s
m
e
a
n
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
na
l
i
s
r
e
v
e
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N:
2502
-
4752
I
n
do
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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do
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C
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N:
2502
-
4752
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
Vo
l
.
25,
N
o
.
1
,
J
a
n
ua
r
y
2022:
1
38
-
1
43
142
F
i
gur
e
8
.
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ON
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r
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4.
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hi
s
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v
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n
d
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RE
F
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R
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NC
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[
1]
C
.
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.
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r
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, v
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.
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15]
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on
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uma
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.
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o
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ti
ons
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on D
e
v
ic
e
s
, v
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.
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o
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:
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25]
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:
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[
26]
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o
.
106522,
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i:
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30]
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