TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 11, No. 8, August 2013, pp. 47
5
1
~4
756
e-ISSN: 2087
-278X
4751
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 18, 201
3
;
Revi
sed
Ma
y 23, 201
3; Accepted Ma
y
31, 2013
Simulation Modeling for Electrical Switching System o
f
Hydropower Station
Ran Hu*, Xianshan Li
Coll
eg
e of Elec
trical Eng
i
ne
eri
ng & Ne
w
En
er
g
y
C
h
i
na T
h
ree Gorges Un
iv
ersit
y
, Yich
an
g
,
Hubei Prov
inc
e
,
P. R. China
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: husk
y
61
5@g
m
ail.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
h
is pa
per
pr
opos
es a
si
mulati
on
mode
li
ng
met
hod
fo
r the e
l
ectric
a
l
sw
itching
sy
stem
of
hydro
pow
er st
ation, w
h
ic
h is
a su
b-
topic
for
Hydro
pow
er St
ation
Si
mu
latio
n
T
r
ain
i
n
g
Syst
em. T
h
e
grap
hi
cs
mo
de
l of
co
mmo
n
ly
use
d
ele
c
trical sw
itch
e
qui
p
m
ent
is
de
velo
ped
w
i
th a
certain
softw
are [1]. As v
a
st a
n
d
different typ
e
s
of Hydro
pow
er station c
i
rc
uit br
e
a
kers
a
nd ass
o
ciat
ed
grou
ndi
ng sw
itches, an
d e
a
c
h
specific
action
of the sw
itch p
r
ocess is n
o
t same,
so the
modu
lar
mo
del
in
g metho
d
is d
e
scrib
ed to so
l
v
e
the problem
.
A
ccording to the role an
d status in power plant, electrical sw
itch system
is divided into sev
e
ral
sub
mod
u
l
e
s, amon
g w
h
ich
a nu
mb
er
of sma
ll
mo
dul
es
are sorted
in. In each su
b modu
le, a co
mmo
n
mo
de
l is dev
el
ope
d. Besid
e
s, the app
licati
o
n
meth
od that th
e netw
o
rk topo
logy a
n
a
l
ysis a
l
gorit
hm
use
d
i
n
electric
al sw
itchin
g system s
i
mulati
on l
o
g
i
c
judg
ment
is i
n
troduc
ed. With the
‘
c
o
n
n
e
cting l
i
ne fus
i
o
n
’
techni
qu
e, log
i
c function
ex
pressi
on
me
mber infor
m
atio
n table is
au
tomatic
a
l
l
y ge
nerate
d
, there
b
y
enh
anci
ng the
suitab
ility for the electr
ic
al sw
itch simu
lati
on
mo
de
l. T
he me
thods
menti
o
n
ed ab
ove ass
u
r
e
the rea
l
-ti
m
e, typical
i
ty an
d fl
exibi
lity i
n
si
mu
lati
o
n
, an
d hav
e be
en s
u
cces
s
fully us
ed i
n
the d
e
vel
o
p
m
e
n
t o
f
a larg
e hydr
op
ow
er station si
mu
lator.
Ke
y
w
ords
: ele
c
trical sw
itchin
g simul
a
tion, h
y
drop
ow
er stat
ion, topol
ogy a
nalysis
alg
o
rith
m, obj
ect-ori
e
n
t
ed
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Simulation training
sy
ste
m
for
hydrop
owe
r
st
ation i
s
a
mo
dern d
i
gital sim
u
lati
on training
system, which simulate
s t
he pro
d
u
c
tio
n
prog
re
ss
of hydropo
we
r
station
by usi
ng the co
mp
uter
techn
o
logy
a
nd p
r
ovide
s
actual
traini
n
g
envir
onm
e
n
ts (central
control room
of
hyd
r
op
o
w
er
station). Ele
c
t
r
ical
switchi
n
g simul
a
tion
model
s a
r
e a
part of an
d a
link
within
si
mulation train
i
ng
system.
Whet
her n
o
rm
al o
peratio
ns, a
b
norm
a
l
ope
ra
tions, eme
r
g
e
n
cy ha
ndling,
equipm
ent "Put
in/out" opera
t
ions, startin
g
and stop
pi
ng pro
c
e
s
s,
or protective
action process all involve
corre
s
p
ondin
g
op
eratio
ns
and
actio
n
s i
n
the
syste
m
. The
r
efo
r
e, th
e e
s
tabli
s
hm
ent of a
relia
ble,
real
-time and
friendly elect
r
ical
swit
chin
g syst
em sim
u
lation mod
e
l
is an indisp
ensable pa
rt of
simulatio
n
tra
i
ning sy
stem.
So far, the
h
y
droele
c
tri
c
station sim
u
lat
o
r
o
r
simul
a
tion
system th
at ha
s be
en
put into
operation an
d pra
c
tical use can b
e
nu
mbered. Refe
ren
c
e [2] introdu
ced
several key tech
ni
que
s
for the
devel
opment
of e
ngine
erin
g e
quipme
n
t virt
ual training
system. The
majority i
s
si
ngle-
unit-o
r
iente
d
machi
n
e
-
ele
c
tricity conversion
pr
ocess
simulatio
n
, a
nd the
whole
station
-
o
r
ien
t
ed
electri
c
al
swit
chin
g sy
stem
simul
a
tion i
s
su
rpri
si
n
g
ly few. Due to
th
e limitation of
com
puter an
d
multimedia te
chn
o
logy, ea
rly simul
a
tion
trainin
g
software i
s
n’t u
s
er frie
ndly, re
sulted f
r
om t
h
e
lack of g
r
aphi
cal effe
cts of
its re
sult di
sp
lay.
With the
developm
ent
of com
puter
and multim
ed
ia
techn
o
logy, h
y
dropo
we
r
station sim
u
lati
on softwar
e
has th
e interface
with the
same
style
of
Wind
ows, fe
aturing f
r
ien
d
l
y interface,
powerfu
l fun
c
tion, conve
n
i
ent and
qui
ck mo
deling,
and
visual outp
u
t.
This
pap
er
introdu
ce
s t
he devel
op
ment p
r
o
c
e
s
s a
nd a
c
hi
e
v
ements
of
electri
c
al
swit
chin
g system simulatio
n
for hydroel
ectri
c
statio
n, includi
ng g
r
aphi
cal si
mul
a
tion mod
e
lin
g,
function
al g
eneral
simul
a
tion mo
deli
ng, impl
i
c
ati
on of
po
we
r net
wo
rk topolo
g
y ana
lysis
algorith
m
, an
d the develop
ment of
simul
a
tion trainin
g
system, etc.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 8, August 2013: 4751 –
4756
4752
2. Visualizati
on Dev
e
lopment
Grap
hical si
mulation m
o
d
e
ling i
s
buil
d
i
ng thei
r o
w
n
simulatio
n
m
odel a
c
cordin
g to the
need
s of the
simulatio
n
ob
jects. And it reflects
the
de
mand of visu
alizatio
n, whi
c
h is
one of t
he
vital parts
of vis
ualiz
ation s
i
mulation [3]. Re
ference [4] intro
duced seve
ral visualization
developm
ent techni
que
s in
TCS Simulation whi
c
h p
r
o
v
ided a uniq
u
e
thought of d
e
sig
n
.
2.1. The Dev
e
lopment o
f
Graphic Ele
m
ents o
f
S
w
itches
The software
‘Visual Graph
’ includes the followi
ng three basic ele
m
ents: Word
s, Lines, an
d
Shapes. Wit
h
scripting l
anguage in
si
de the elem
ents, basic
graphics ab
o
v
e are able
to
demonstrate
strong vitality. With scripting l
anguage
p
a
ckag
ed into
these equipm
ent compone
nts,
developers d
o
not have to
conside
r
the specific
implementation process,
and re
gard them as a
complete object directly.
Figure 1. Sch
e
matic Di
ag
ram of t
he De
velopment of Grap
hic Elem
ents
2.2. The Dev
e
lopment o
f
Graphic
s
Librar
y
The number
of switches i
n
all monitor scre
ens is l
a
rge, beside
s
, the control handles,
closing buttons, and sign
al indicator lights on lo
cal
control cabi
nets are various. For example,
there are hu
ndreds of breakers in
switching station, GCB (Ge
nerator Circu
i
t Breaker), and
breake
r
s for
house-supply
in the whole
system.
Among brea
kers’ l
o
cal han
dles,
control
handl
e
s
can be
divided into ‘near/remote control
’
handles
, oil
pump han
dles, and ‘clo
se/open’ buttons.
For the convenience of the
devel
opment
of RMON (Re
m
ote Network Monitoring) [5] screenshots
and local con
t
rol cabinets, it’s o
f
great
require
ment to establish a common library of graphical
elements. To
realize the g
r
aphical eleme
n
ts versat
ility, there is
need
to condu
ct a
compreh
ensi
v
e
analysis of the prope
rties
of all switchin
g devic
es, th
en merge
the compon
ents
as many a
s
we
can, and realize the component library versatility
finall
y
.
3. Generalization of Simulation Mod
e
ling
The operatio
n simulation proce
s
s ca
n be divided into the following steps:
firstly,
simulation Man-Computer o
peration interface issues
a
corre
ct orde
r to LCU (Lo
c
al
Control Units);
secon
d
ly, LCU devices co
nduct logic blocking judgm
ent according
to
the program, that is,
‘The
Five Anti Rul
e
s of Electrical System
[6,
7]’, i
f
legal,
th
e order will be transmit to
switching ca
b
i
net,
otherwise, error information will be displayed on
the al
arming windo
w pop-up fro
m
the interfac
e;
then, program will conduct a
fault c
heck, the switch will act with n
o
fault
in i
t, o
t
herwise, failure
phenomenon
will occur, a
nd feedback
detailed failure
information to man-com
puter interface.
The overall a
c
tion process of switching is as Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Basi
c
Co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
V
i
s
u
al
G
r
ap
h
Wo
rd
Sh
a
p
e
Lin
e
S
w
it
c
h
ing
Co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
..
.
S
eco
nd
ar
y
Devel
o
p
m
e
nt
Hig
h
-
Vo
l
Br
eakers
I
s
olator
s
Gr
o
u
n
d
in
g
S
w
i
t
ch
es
G
r
o
und
i
n
g
Br
eaker
s
400
V
ou
tg
oin
g
lin
e
swit
ch
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
Sim
u
lation Modelin
g for Electri
c
al Swit
chi
ng System
of Hyd
r
op
ower Station (Ran Hu
)
4753
Figure 2. The
Proce
dure of Switching
Operation
Figure 3. Switch Hi
era
r
chi
c
al Cla
ssifi
cati
on
Diag
ram
Due
to the
fa
ct that b
r
e
a
kers a
nd
asso
ciated
switch
es i
n
the
enti
r
e
hydro
p
o
w
e
r
station
differ from ty
pes
and
ea
ch switch
ha
s its own p
r
o
c
e
ss,
whi
c
h i
s
not q
u
ite the same
as
the
others, from t
he prog
ramm
ing pe
rspe
ctive, all the switch
es m
u
st
be divided i
n
to the follo
wing
hiera
r
chi
c
an
d cla
ssifi
catio
n
. If necessa
ry,
it can be fu
rther
sub
d
ivid
ed ea
ch sub
c
lass.
For the
rep
r
e
s
entative d
e
scriptio
n, setti
ng re
mote b
r
eaker’
s
syn
c
hroni
ze
d cl
osing a
s
an
example. Fi
rstly, given the fact
that a b
r
eaker in
swit
chin
g stat
io
n
has th
re
e types of o
p
e
r
ati
o
n
mode
s: syn
c
hroni
ze
d cl
osing,
no-volta
g
e
auto-clo
s
in
g, and o
peni
ng; and th
ere
can
be
seve
ral
use
r
s whi
c
h send a sam
e
o
r
de
r
o
r
a co
u
pe
of
on
es
to
a sam
e
bre
a
k
er
at
th
e sa
me
time.
So,
it’s
of great imp
o
rtan
ce to re
alize the l
o
ckout of
the
certain fun
c
tio
n
s d
u
rin
g
th
e clo
s
ing
pe
riod.
Then, it’s ne
ce
ssary to judge the co
ntrol mode
d
u
ring the bre
a
k
er’
s
a
c
tion
according to
the
layering
co
ntrol meth
od o
f
hydrop
owe
r
elect
r
ic
al switching
syste
m
. Finally, the syn
c
h
r
oni
zed
closing procedure of the break
ers in switching station i
s
illustrated as Figure 4.
Figure 4. Breakers’ Sync
hronized Closin
g Procedure
4. The Realization of To
p
o
logical Ana
l
y
s
is Algorithm in Po
w
e
r
Net
w
o
r
k
Topology ana
lysis is the progr
ess of the
investigation on
the geom
etric texture and link
chara
c
teristics that between equipmen
t components
of power network by usin
g graph theory,
with its purp
o
se to refle
c
t the conn
ect
ed relation and co
rre
sponding
state of equipment
Int
e
rf
a
c
e
s
e
nds
a
cl
o
s
i
n
g
o
r
d
er
L
o
g
i
c
a
l
L
oc
kou
t
S
u
c
ces
s
I
n
t
e
r
f
ace
(
s
cr
een
s
h
o
t
,
al
ar
m
,
an
d
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
)
S
y
nc
hron
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Yes
,
an
d
a
l
a
r
m
No
,
a
n
d
ex
i
t
Yes
,
an
d
e
x
i
t
Fa
il
u
r
e
,
a
n
d
e
x
i
t
F
a
u
l
t
s
ch
eck
i
n
g
No
,
a
n
d
al
ar
m
O
t
h
e
r
p
r
o
ced
u
r
e
i
s
c
ond
uc
t
i
ng
?
R
e
m
o
t
e
c
ont
r
o
l
m
ode
?
N
Y
Y
N
de
l
a
yi
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 8, August 2013: 4751 –
4756
4754
components. A
computer-convenient
mathematical model can
be
realized a
cco
rding to the re
al-
time conditio
n
s and dynamic states of connected
component [8, 9]. The
topo
logy analysis just
reflects the
physical con
nected relation of
compo
nents and h
a
s no
conce
r
n with elect
r
ical
specifications of
them.
Topology analysis in this paper method
is
based on t
h
e technolog
y of connecting line
fusion and
switch combin
ation. Lead in
non-ele
c
trica
l
equipment component co
nnecting line
as
the auxiliary
tool, which ca
n automatically gener
ate connection in the progress. Then accordi
n
g
to the wiring structure of a
c
tual
hydropower station, a wiring di
agra
m can be built by using th
e
graphics elements.
Figure 5. Elec
trical Network Topological Graph
As shown in the Figure 5, Generator
1 co
nne
c
ts
with one port of Breaker
1 through
conne
cting line while the other port of Br
eaker 1
con
n
e
cts with one port of Transformer 1, which
conne
cts with
Bus 1 via co
nnecting line
and Brea
ker
2. The conn
e
c
tion prog
ress of Gene
rato
r 2
is similar. From the above analysis, a connecti
ng line makes two ports of different equipment
elements linked. It is convenient to describe the
network topology
structure and
pave the way fo
r
the realization of
topological analysis algorithm.
Topology analysis algorithm based on the c
onne
cting line technology needs to number
all the ports in sequence, as shown in the Figure 6.
Figure 6. Dia
g
ram of O
r
igi
nal Equipm
en
t
Comp
one
nts Ports’
Numbe
r
Figure 7. Dia
g
ram of Port
s’ Numbe
r
afte
r
Mergi
ng the
Con
n
e
c
ting Li
nes
Traverse
all
the co
nne
cting line
s
an
d in
tegrate
all the po
rts’
numbe
r me
anwhile
according to the followi
ng
method
s.
1) Supp
osin
g
that the ports on both
sid
e
s of
a co
nn
ecting line
which
con
nect
s
devices
were X1, X2, if X1=X2, do not handl
e.
2) If X1
and
X2 a
r
e
not
equal,
elimin
ate the l
a
rge
r
. The
de
scri
ption in
p
r
og
rammin
g
langu
age is
a
s
: if X1 is gre
a
ter than X2, then X1
=X2 (assignm
ent),
if not, X2=X1 (assig
nme
n
t).
3) T
r
ave
r
se a
ll equip
m
ent
ports, if X
1
o
r
X2 is greate
r
than the
la
rg
er o
ne i
n
p
r
o
c
ed
ure
2), the figure
of equipme
n
t numbe
r minu
s 1, as sho
w
n
in Figure 7.
After mergi
n
g
the con
n
e
c
ting line th
roug
h abov
e
step
s, the conne
ction co
ndition
can b
e
conve
n
iently descri
bed by
prog
ram
m
ing
langua
ge:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
Sim
u
lation Modelin
g for Electri
c
al Swit
chi
ng System
of Hyd
r
op
ower Station (Ran Hu
)
4755
Gene
rato
r[1]. Node
1
：
= Breaker[1]. Nod
e
1
Tran
sfo
r
mer2
[1]. Node1
：
= Breaker[1]. Nod
e
2
Tran
sfo
r
mer2
[1]. Node2
：
= Breaker[2]. Nod
e
1
Bus
[1].Node1
：
=
Br
ea
ke
r
[
2
].N
o
d
e2
Bus
[1].Node1
：
=
Br
ea
ke
r
[
4
].N
o
d
e2
Tran
sfo
r
mer2
[2].Node1
：
= Brea
ker[4].Node1
Tran
sfo
r
mer2
[2].Node2
：
= Brea
ker[3].Node2
Gene
rato
r[2].Nod
e1
：
=
Br
ea
k
e
r
[
3
].N
o
de1
Take
＂
Ge
ne
rator[1].Node
1
：
= B
r
ea
ke
r[1].Node1
＂
a
s
a
n
exam
pl
e, this
expre
ssi
on i
s
interp
reted a
s
the port between Ge
nerato
r
1 gene
rato
r and Bre
a
ker
1 equal
s Nod
e
1.
The n
e
two
r
k
after the
co
m
b
ination
of
co
nne
cting lin
e
can
a
c
curatel
y
reflect th
e p
h
ysical
con
n
e
c
tion condition
s
i
n
electri
c
al
net
work, gra
phi
cal co
nne
ctio
n
relation
s b
e
twee
n
d
e
vices
su
ccessfully
conve
r
ted to
a d
e
scriptio
n
in
co
mput
er
pro
g
ra
mm
ing la
ngu
age
. The
ele
c
tri
c
al
swit
chin
g system simulatio
n
model for
hydrop
ower
station can u
s
e it to form a switching lo
gic
function info
rmation table
an inform
atio
n table of
the membe
r
s’ con
s
titution i
n
expre
s
sion
of
logic fun
c
tion.
5. Applicatio
n Example
The design
s
of visualization development,
generalize
d
models an
d network to
pological
analysis algorithm have been applied for switching
si
mulation training system fo
r a
certain large
hydropowe
r
station, which
has 9 generat
ors and
6 out
going lines. Each generator connects ma
in
transformer
with generato
r
circuit brea
ker, and
then conn
ects
switching station through
h
i
gh-
voltage cable. 500kV
station belong 5
se
ries of b
r
eake
r
s u
s
ing 4/3
main conne
ct
ion and
conn
ect
to CSPG with
6 outgoing lines. The control proced
ur
e
s
of all switches in the plant can be divid
e
d
into 7 catego
ries: 10KV ho
use-supply control pr
o
c
ed
ure, 400V ho
use-supply control pro
c
ed
ure,
house-supply
outgoing li
nes
control
proced
ure,
a
u
xiliary control procedure
,
public control
proced
ure, generator control procedure and
switching
station control procedure.
Having the ai
d of joint deb
ugging which
con
c
lude
s el
ectrical mo
de
ls, auxiliary models,
relay protection models, a
nd fault models in t
he overall hydropo
wer
station simulation training
system, it finally build up a complete lar
ge hydropower station simulation training system
software.
One server, two traine
r
stations and
thirty tr
ainee stations are
deplo
y
ed in this
si
mulation
system with Ethernet network. Sola
ris OS is installed in
the se
rver.
Windows XP
OS are installed
in the working stations. Huge data transmission for
switching simu
lation utilizes memory-sha
ring.
Data Con
c
ept
model is buil
t
by E-R approach and
correspon
ding re
lational
database is realize
d
by ORACLE
DBMS. The tables
can b
e
divided into
3 categorie
s
: e
l
ectric elemen
t; protection and
parameter. The software on the worki
ng station
is developed by
Delphi
with excellent
human-
machine interface. Switching model software
is
developed by obje
c
t-oriented la
nguage ba
se
d on
designed cla
s
s diagrams a
nd sequen
ce diagrams.
6. Conclusio
n
The pape
r de
signs visualization developmen
t, general
ized model
a
n
d network to
pology
analysis algo
rithm of switching simulat
i
on trai
ning system for h
y
dropower st
ation in detail,
acco
rding to its chara
c
teristics and switching
simulation system’s standard
s
an
d requiremen
t
s
.
Principles of the design in
clude: authenticity of
simula
tion and friendly man-com
puter operati
o
n
interface; reli
ability and g
eneralization of model
code; good integrate with other modules in
simulation training system
[10]. In
the fu
ture, t
he
follo
wing aspe
cts should be perfected: further
improvement of the switching
models
with stronger self-adaptabi
lity, which ca
n be adapted
to
different hydropower
stations; further co
mpletene
ss o
f
contents in electrical switching model
s
,
containing re
search of the
secon
dary return c
i
rc
uit of s
w
itc
h
es
.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
g
e
ments
This work was
supporte
d by the G
r
aduat
e Research
Innovation Fund
of Hubei
Guozhihen
g China Three
Gorges Univ.
Power Techn
o
logy Co., Ltd
.
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e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
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4756
4756
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