TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novembe
r
2014, pp. 75
5
8
~ 756
3
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i11.60
50
7558
Re
cei
v
ed Ap
ril 3, 2014; Re
vised Augu
st
21, 2014; Accepted Septe
m
ber 14, 201
4
Perspective and Challenge of Tidal Power in
Bangladesh
Md. Alamgir Hoss
ain*, Md. Zakir Hos
sain,
Md. Mijanur Rahma
n
, Md. Atiqur
Rahman
Dep
a
rtment of Electrical
and Electron
ic
Engi
neer
ing,
Dhak
a Univ
ersi
t
y
of Engi
ne
eri
ng an
d T
e
chno
log
y
, Ban
g
l
ade
sh
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: alamg
i
r_d
uet
@hotmai
l
.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
i
dal pow
er ca
n play a vital r
o
le in i
n
tegr
ati
ng as
new
sou
r
ce of renew
ab
le en
ergy to the off-grid
pow
er
co
nnect
i
on in iso
l
ated
areas, na
mel
y
San
d
w
i
p,
in
Bang
lad
e
sh. It
can r
e
d
u
ce th
e pres
ent
en
er
gy
crisis a
n
d
i
m
pr
ove th
e s
o
cia
l
, env
iron
menta
l
an
d ec
o
n
o
m
ic
al
persp
ective
of Ban
g
l
ades
h. T
i
dal
e
nergy
i
s
beco
m
ing
po
p
u
lar ar
ou
nd th
e w
o
rld d
ue t
o
its ow
n facil
i
ties. T
he d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
ent of a
n
y cou
n
try lar
gely
dep
en
ds o
n
e
n
e
rgy s
e
ctor i
m
prove
m
ent. L
a
ck of e
nergy
s
e
ctor is
bec
au
se h
a
m
per
in
g
of pro
g
ress
of
any
country
dev
elo
p
ment
an
d e
n
e
rgy s
e
ctor w
i
l
l
b
e
sta
b
le
by
on
ly
dep
en
d
on s
u
stai
nab
le
en
ergy
sourc
e
s
.
Ren
e
w
able
e
n
e
rgy is
the
on
ly sustai
na
ble
soluti
on
of
s
e
cure en
ergy w
h
ich
is envir
on
me
ntal
fri
e
n
d
ly
.
Bang
lad
e
sh
ha
s a h
u
g
e
p
o
te
ntial
of tid
a
l
po
w
e
r at di
ffere
nt locati
ons
but
effective
me
as
ure o
n
th
is iss
u
e
have n
o
t be
en
consi
dere
d
sin
c
erely. T
h
is pa
per su
mmar
i
z
e
s
the current e
nergy sce
nari
o
and Ba
ngl
ad
e
s
h
can pr
od
uce p
o
w
e
r appr
oxi
m
ately 5
3
.19M
W
across the
country to re
d
u
ce the
grow
i
ng e
ner
gy de
ma
n
d
utili
z
i
n
g
tid
a
l e
nergy as w
e
ll
as it
is show
n that Sandw
ip h
a
s hig
h
pot
enti
a
l of prod
ucin
g
tidal pow
er w
h
ic
h
is ap
prox
imatel
y 16.4
9
MW
by
investi
ng
on
ly
US $
10.3
7
mil
lions. B
e
si
des
this, cost
man
age
ment for ti
d
a
l
pow
er pla
n
t als
o
has be
en d
i
s
c
ussed.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
su
staina
ble
ener
gy, tidal pow
er,
cost analysis,
pow
er de
ma
nd
and gas cris
is
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Ren
e
wable
e
nergy
provid
e
s
secure en
ergy fo
r any
co
untry to devel
op its inf
r
a
s
tructural,
so
cio-econo
mic, ag
ri
cult
ural, e
d
u
c
ati
onal, h
eal
th
and
com
m
un
ity secto
r
in
stabl
e
cond
ition.
Ren
e
wable e
nergy
m
ean
s su
staina
ble
e
nergy whi
c
h i
s
envi
r
onm
en
t friendly, co
st effective, no
n-
polluting
and
future p
r
edi
ct
ed en
ergy
so
urces. T
hat i
s
why d
e
velop
ed count
rie
s
are
shifting th
eir
energy se
ctor toward
su
sta
i
nable
e
nergy to maintenan
ce their
c
onti
nuou
s growth
. Tidal is one
of
the su
staina
b
l
e ene
rgy so
urces
and h
a
v
e huge pote
n
tial to prod
u
c
e po
we
r fro
m
its ene
rgy [1].
Many countri
es a
r
e ta
kin
g
advanta
g
e
from tidal
e
nergy
to pro
duce
po
we
r for
succe
s
sfully
transfe
rring
the e
nergy
sector into
sustain
able
e
nergy. Ba
ngl
ade
sh
ha
s
also
op
portu
nity;
Sandwi
p
is o
ne of them, to use its fa
ci
lities in
vario
u
s lo
cation
s
observing in
prop
er
way a
n
d
guida
nce. It is mand
atory
to develop the ene
rgy
sector b
e
fore developin
g
a
country in this
rega
rd tidal
energy in Sandwi
p
can pl
ay a vital
role to improve
its locality
with integrating
developm
ent
of country [2]. Sandwip
proje
c
t will
b
e
slightly hel
pful to mitigate the pre
s
en
t
energy cri
s
i
s
and shifting energy secto
r
towa
rd su
stai
nable en
ergy sou
r
ces. Thi
s
paper i
s
mai
n
ly
divided into f
our p
a
rt
s: 1. Energy sect
or conditi
o
n
and shifting, 2. Tidal po
wer, 3. Fea
s
ibi
lity
study of Sand
wip an
d 4. Da
ta analysi
s
.
2. Energ
y
Sector Conditi
on and Shifti
ng
Banglad
esh, only
46% pe
ople are
in grid
conn
ec
te
d
[3], is on
e of
the lo
we
st el
ectri
c
ity
con
s
um
ptive cou
n
try regi
o
nally and glo
bally [4
]. The existing power syste
m
ca
n not prod
uce
sufficie
n
t po
wer fo
r the
wh
ole n
a
tion. S
c
arcity of
po
wer is a
pri
n
cipal infrast
r
u
c
tural h
andi
ca
p in
the devel
opm
ent an
d g
r
o
w
th of any
cou
n
try [5]. The
gro
w
th of th
e
ene
rgy
se
cto
r
in B
angla
d
e
s
h
is not able to meet the power dema
nd which is
in
crea
sing by 10% annu
ally [6].
Electri
c
ity supply
in the ru
ral
and re
mot
e
are
a
s h
a
ve been
re
stricted
due t
o
tran
smissi
on losse
s
,
high
transmissio
n co
sts, di
strib
u
tion cost
s, and g
r
eatly subsi
d
ized p
r
i
c
e
s
. Gro
w
in
g
populatio
n a
nd
financi
a
l activ
i
ties drive the
count
ry toward hi
gh
ele
c
tricity deman
d. The shorta
ge of ele
c
trici
t
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Perspe
ctive a
nd Ch
alleng
e
of Tidal Power in Bangl
ad
esh (Md. Alam
gir Hossai
n
)
7559
wa
s 145
2 M
W
to meet th
e high de
man
d
in 2012 th
o
ugh the maxi
mum ele
c
tri
c
i
t
y generatio
n wa
s
6,066 M
W
.
Acco
rdi
ng to
[7], in 201
0, the sh
ort
age of g
a
s
sup
p
ly hind
e
r
s th
e ele
c
tri
c
ity
gene
ration a
r
ound 5
00-80
0 MW.
2.1. Gas De
p
e
ndan
t
Po
w
e
r Gener
a
tio
n
At present, P
o
wer pl
ant produce
s power utilizi
ng 76.14% of ou
r gas
reserve [8] whi
c
h i
s
37% of total gas but con
s
umptio
n of gas d
e
man
d
incre
a
se at rate abo
ut 8% per year [8].
Ho
wever, at t
he present consumpt
ion
rate of ga
s re
serve l
ead
s it
up to 202
0 year [8] where
a
s
net remai
n
ing
recove
ra
ble
gas
wa
s 11.4
8
TCF at the end of 201
0.
The Fi
gure
1 sho
w
s the
perce
ntage
of inst
all
ed
g
eneration
(8
0
72 M
W
) cap
a
city in
Banglad
esh from vario
u
s
source
s.
Figure 1. The
Perce
n
tage
of Electricity Gene
rati
on in
Banglade
sh f
r
om Diffe
rent
Source
s [6] and
[9]
It is
see
n
tha
t
from
Figu
re
1
ga
s d
epe
n
dent p
o
wer p
l
ant was in
st
alled
66.82%
of total
installe
d cap
a
city but in actual case
so
me
of other fuel depe
nda
nt plants wa
s abando
ned
so
total power
g
eneration
wa
s mo
re
dep
e
nd on
ga
s
tha
n
the
scena
ri
o. Sustain
abl
e ene
rgy
sou
r
ce
s
use only 3.5
6
% of electri
c
ity produ
ctio
n. Foss
il fuel
use 96.44%
of total generation
whi
c
h
is
polluting the
air, land, a
n
d
water
and
e
m
itting CO
2
. These poll
u
tion and
ema
nation gui
de
to
environ
menta
l
dilapidation
whi
c
h re
sult
s bi
gge
r clim
ate hazard a
nd
natural di
sa
st
ers.
2.2. Po
w
e
r
G
e
nera
tion Planning
Powe
r dem
a
nd is i
n
crea
si
ng hig
her
and
becoming
m
o
re
as ye
ars
go furth
e
r b
u
t gro
w
ing
high natu
r
e d
e
mand i
s
g
o
ing to be e
n
countered by
vulnera
b
le e
n
e
rgy sou
r
ce
plan [6] thou
gh
recently nee
d for po
we
r is bein
g
met
by quick-r
ent
al power pl
a
n
ts whi
c
h
re
quire
co
stly liquid
fuels. To m
e
et the next p
o
we
r de
mand
, Powe
r
Deve
lopment of B
angla
d
e
s
h p
r
opo
sed
roa
d
m
ap
for 20
30 "T
he Po
we
r S
y
stem Ma
ste
r
Plan
(2
01
0)" recomme
nding
that t
he 5
0
% po
wer
gene
ration
would be
coal
-based but thi
s
plan
ning i
s
not environ
m
entally friendl
y, secu
rity energy
planni
ng rath
er tha
n
it hel
ps in t
he in
creasi
ng gl
obal
wa
rming th
rough
bre
a
thi
n
g
CO
2
. Our
total
coal reserve
s
are 2,527 mil
lion tone
s accordin
g to Ban
g
lade
sh'
s
National Ene
r
gy Policy 2004.
2.3. To
w
a
rds
Sustainable
Energ
y
As fossil fuel
s are depl
etin
g at a highe
r
rate so we
ha
ve to think to other
sou
r
ces mainly
rene
wa
ble. T
he co
untry is going to be
facing a
seve
re en
ergy
cri
s
is
after the fossil fuel fini
sh.
So, country h
a
s no e
nergy security in this re
sp
e
c
t. Th
us, su
stain
a
b
l
e energy is the only sol
u
tion
to get rid
of
this p
r
obl
em
whi
c
h i
s
b
e
coming m
o
re
acute
as yea
r
s
pro
c
e
ed.
To p
r
oceed
fully
toward rene
wable e
nergy
sou
r
ces re
qui
re
some
time
so i
n
bet
we
en the
s
e tran
sa
ction p
e
rio
d
s
fossil fuel ca
n play a vital role. Towa
rd
the
moving se
cured an
d su
stai
na
ble e
nergy source
s,
tidal power can assi
st to play a role in this reg
a
rd.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 75
58 – 756
3
7560
3. Tidal Po
w
e
r
Comm
ercial
oce
an e
nerg
y
capa
city (m
ost tidal
p
o
wer fa
cilities) remaine
d
at a
bout 52
7
MW at year'
s
end, with little added in 2
012 [4]. The worl
d'
s first a
nd se
con
d
la
rge
-
scal
e tidal
power
plant, t
he
Ran
c
e
Tid
a
l Power Station lo
cate
d at
the e
s
tua
r
y o
f
the Ran
c
e
River, o
p
e
r
at
ed
in 1966 i
s
2
4
0
Mega
watts,
gene
rated
b
y
its 24 turbi
nes. It su
ppli
e
s 0.0
12% of
the total po
wer
deman
d of
France [10]. T
h
e world
'
s big
gest tid
a
l
p
o
w
er
station, o
perate
d
by
th
e Korean
Wa
ter
Re
sou
r
ce
Co
rpo
r
ation
in
2
011, h
a
ving t
o
tal outp
u
t capa
city 254
MW
with
me
an o
perating
tidal
rang
e 5.6
m i
s
situated
at
Sihwa l
a
ke ti
dal p
o
we
r
sta
t
ion. Total
co
st for this p
r
o
j
ect
wa
s 2
88.
6
million doll
a
rs met by the South Korean Governm
ent [11]. Another large tidal power stat
ion,
Inche
on
Tid
a
l Po
wer Station
whi
c
h
is un
der
constructio
n
i
s
exp
e
cte
d
44x30
=13
2
0
M
W
gene
rating
capa
city at th
e Inche
on Bay in S
outh Korea. Total
developm
ent
and co
nst
r
u
c
tion
cost are hopi
ng to reach US $3.4 billi
on with com
p
leti
on in June 2017 [12].
3.1. Banglad
esh Persp
e
c
t
iv
e
Banglad
esh, electri
c
ity co
nsum
ption p
e
r c
apita i
s
only 154 Kwhr which is
much l
e
ss
than a
n
y dev
elope
d count
ry [13] an
d
substa
ntial
req
u
ire fo
r im
pro
v
ement alo
n
g
s
ide
its
coa
s
t
a
l
area, ha
s an
extended costal area with
2-8 m ti
dal height ascen
d
and de
scend
[14]. This height
is ad
equ
ate e
noug
h to ge
n
e
rate
po
wer.
Tidal e
nergy can
be
simpl
y
gene
rated f
r
om the
varyi
ng
sea l
e
vels
a
nd tide
s are
more fo
re
seeabl
e than
wind
and
su
nlight. Tidal
curre
n
ts
can
be
pre
c
isely anticipate
d
within
98% accura
cy dec
ade
s into the future
[15]. Changi
ng tidals can
be
use
d
to pro
d
u
ce el
ect
r
icit
y acro
ss a coasta
l b
a
y wi
th huge differences b
e
twe
en low
and h
i
gh
tides. Elect
r
i
c
ity gene
rati
on from tid
e
s
is ve
ry
an
alogo
us to h
y
droele
c
tri
c
ity gene
ration
apart
from that
wa
ter is
able t
o
ru
n in b
o
th dire
ction
s
and el
ect
r
icit
y is produ
ce
d usi
ng two-way
turbine
s
. T
h
e
tech
nolo
g
y u
s
ed
in tid
a
l p
o
we
r i
s
ve
ry
simple
an
d h
a
s
a p
r
o
bable
life of m
o
re t
han
40 years [16].
3.2. Adv
a
ntage
Produ
ction
of elect
r
icity from tidal i
s
2
4
hou
rs a
da
y and 3
65 d
a
ys a ye
ar
a
s
well a
s
have a highly
efficiency (8
0%) co
mpetiti
v
e with ot
her
power
sou
r
ce
s. Co
stal pe
o
p
le ca
n irri
gate
and ma
ke th
eir life mo
re
solvent e
c
o
n
o
mically th
a
n
before
by m
ean
s of tidal
power. A set up
expenditu
re t
o
build
a tidal
ene
rgy pla
n
t is hig
h
but
th
e re
pairi
ng
co
sts a
r
e ve
ry l
o
w. Th
e p
r
ice
of
electri
c
ity ha
s been p
a
id of
f in 15 or 2
0
years
after th
e ca
pital co
st
s an
d ca
n be
assume
d to be
almost
zero. So, profit can
be earn
ed u
s
ing tidal po
we
r techn
o
logy [16].
4. Feasibilit
y
Stud
y
of Sand
w
i
p
Sandwi
p
, the easte
rn si
d
e
of the delta regi
o
n
, is
most ap
provi
ng location
s for tidal
power
appli
c
ation. A flood
cont
rol b
a
rri
e
r exi
s
ts
aro
und
the
entire
isla
nd and this contain
s
28
slui
ce gate
s
. These ba
rra
g
e
s an
d slui
ce
gates c
an be
used fo
r electricity gene
rat
i
on. Therefore,
the pote
n
tial
of tidal p
o
wer is very a
c
ce
ssi
ble to
be
a
pplied
be
ca
u
s
e th
e b
a
rrag
es
are e
s
sent
ial
fo
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
lling flo
w
th
r
o
ug
h tu
r
b
in
es
wh
ic
h
is
a
l
so
essential fo
r co
ntrolling floo
d
.
This invalid
ates
high capital cost for the en
ginee
ring i
s
a
l
ready the
r
e o
r
is cru
c
ial for cyclon
e prot
ection.
Figure 2. Sky Scena
rio of Sandwi
p
from
Google Ma
p [17]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Perspe
ctive a
nd Ch
alleng
e
of Tidal Power in Bangl
ad
esh (Md. Alam
gir Hossai
n
)
7561
The en
ergy a
v
ailable from
a barrag
e
is d
epen
dent on t
he volume of
water. T
he po
tential
energy contai
ned in a volu
me of water i
s
[18],
E =
2
2
1
gh
A
(
1
)
Whe
r
e,
A = area of b
a
sin (m
2
)
= w
a
ter de
n
s
ity
(kg/m
3
)
g = accel
e
rati
on due to the
Earth'
s gravit
y and
h = tidal ran
g
e
(m)
Output Power, P = (Energy
(E) x
turbine
efficiency)/ 86400 (W)
(2)
Powe
r gen
eration from tid
a
l can
b
e
co
mputed u
s
ing
Equation (2
).
A rou
gh e
s
ti
mate of inve
stment a
nd
p
o
we
r p
r
od
uct
i
on by tidal
p
o
we
r in
Sand
wip
are
s
h
ow
n
be
lo
w
.
Figure 3. Estimated Co
st o
f
Sandwip Project
4.1. Cost M
a
nagemen
t
a
nd Estimatin
g
Econo
mic
su
pport can be
obtaine
d fro
m
different
source
s of financi
a
l instituti
ons tho
s
e
help to
deve
l
op
su
staina
ble e
nergy system
such
as Wo
rld
B
a
nk Climate
Investment,
T
h
e
Adaptation a
nd The L
e
a
s
t Develope
d Cou
n
trie
s Fu
nds [19]. Mo
reove
r
, Clea
n Develo
pme
n
t
Mech
ani
sm a
nd Carbon Fi
nan
ce, inte
rn
ationally
re
co
gnized m
e
ch
anism
s, give
the opp
ortu
nity
to make funds for installing any
sustainable project to develop
a nation.
The
a
bove mentioned
orga
nization
s main aim a
r
e to red
u
ce gas e
m
issio
n
and vulne
r
a
b
le situatio
n
for the adve
r
se
affect of clim
ate ch
ang
e p
r
omotin
g g
r
e
en en
ergy
techn
o
logy a
s
well a
s
su
stai
nable
develo
p
ing
the poorer
co
mmunitie
s
of t
he developi
n
g
worl
d [20-2
2
].
Since, Ba
ngl
ade
sh i
s
a
most vuln
era
b
le
cou
n
try selecte
d
in
COP15
confe
r
ence a
nd
developin
g
which i
s
sufferi
ng mo
st for t
he cli
m
ate
ch
ange. So, tid
a
l po
we
r proj
ect in Sa
nd
wip
wi1l
be
po
sitive for thi
s
co
untry a
nd
get
ting availa
ble
finan
cial
su
p
port f
r
om
all t
he a
bove
cite
d
orga
nization.
Sandwi
p
project is mainly
divided into 4
catego
rie
s
.
1.
Executa
b
l
e
stud
y:
Executabl
e study
involved in the
pro
per lo
cation
sele
ction, land
rights, envi
r
o
n
mental jud
g
m
ent, interco
nne
cti
on ene
rgy acco
rd, system modeli
ng, prelimin
a
r
y
desi
g
n
s
(ele
ctri
cal, me
ch
anical an
d civil) and
co
mplete exp
e
nditure
list.
To do thi
s
study
approximatel
y US $ 774 need.
2.
Pr
oc
es
s
i
ng
: It incl
ude
s e
nga
ging
manag
ers, e
ngine
ers, a
n
d
lab
o
rers
a
llowing
sufficie
n
cy fo
od, accomm
odation, an
d
so on.
Besi
des, from th
e executa
b
le
study outco
me
different tend
ering
pro
c
e
ss will be ap
pro
a
chi
ng,
sel
e
cting, evaluating and
sup
e
rvising the
wh
ole
activities wort
h is US $ 185
625.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 75
58 – 756
3
7562
3.
Con
s
tru
c
tional works:
It is mainly divided into two
parts
a) civil works: Thi
s
in
clud
es a
c
ce
ss
roa
d
s,
basi
n
install
a
tion, power house
establi
s
hm
en
t, and locatio
n
setting.
b) ele
c
trical and me
cha
n
i
c
al wo
rks: T
hese
inclu
d
e
establishing
essential eq
uipment
s
su
ch a
s
protection
syste
m
s, turbin
es,
generators, transmissio
n lines, commu
nicatio
n
lines, controlli
ng, monitori
n
g
and so forth
.
The total co
st
for these
works i
s
US $ 10
1613
50 an
d finally,
4.
Operatio
n
and m
a
intenan
ce:
The
s
e provide for the total proje
c
t con
s
ide
r
ing
admini
s
trativ
e co
sts like leases, re
mu
neratio
ns,
fe
es, etc. The
nearly value
for ope
rating
and
maintena
nce is US $ 275
0
0
.
So, Total co
st nee
d to i
m
pleme
n
ting
and
ope
rati
ng a tid
a
l p
o
we
r b
a
se sustain
able
energy is aro
und US $1
0.3
7
million.
Table 1. Sum
m
ari
z
ed of Sand
wip proje
c
t [23]
Tidal range
4.86 m
No. of Sluice gates
28
No. of tur
b
ine uses
05
Basin area
4x10
6
m
2
Construction time
4
y
e
a
r
s
Cost
US $10.37 millions
Output Po
wer
16.49MW
5. Data
Anal
y
s
is
Sandwi
p
ha
s
a gre
a
t poten
tial to prod
uce pow
er from
tidal is aroun
d 16.49M
W
whi
c
h is
quite h
e
lpful t
o
re
du
ce
po
wer
cri
s
i
s
throu
gh
su
stainabl
e en
ergy i
n
B
angla
d
e
s
h by
investin
g onl
y
US $ 10.37 millions. Nonetheles
s other parts
of the countr
y can produce energy around
53.19M
W fro
m
different tidal rang
e [24] whi
c
h is
sho
w
n bel
ow.
Table 2. Esti
mated po
we
r gene
ration from different l
o
catio
n
of Banglad
esh
Name of the Stat
ion
Tidal Range (m
)
Output Po
wer
(M
w)
Sand
w
i
p 4.86
16.49
Sadarghat (cht)
3.70
9.56
Mongla 3.26
7.40
Char Ch
anga
3.22
7.24
Cox’s Bazar
2.70
5.09
Teknaf
2.54
4.51
Hiron Point
2.04
2.90
Total
53.19
.
6. Conclusio
n
With the
in
creasi
ng p
o
wer dema
nd i
n
Banglad
esh
has no
su
bst
antial pla
n
to
meet the
upcoming p
o
w
er
cri
s
is by
rene
wabl
e energy. T
he country ha
s a
great ch
alle
nge in up
co
ming
days
due to
un
su
stainab
le dep
end
ant
ene
rgy
sou
r
ce
s. In thi
s
re
spe
c
t, tid
a
l po
we
r, a
s
a
rene
wa
ble
so
urce
of en
erg
y
with n
u
me
rous p
r
ofit
s
,
ca
n
be
a pr
ime s
u
p
p
lier
for
ou
r
fu
tur
e
e
n
e
rg
y
necessitie
s
increa
sing l
o
cal hyd
r
op
onic m
anag
ement with
Sandwip
's soci
o-econ
omi
c
improvem
ent. Even thoug
h Bangla
desh has im
men
s
e pote
n
tial
of rene
wa
ble
energy sou
r
ce
s
like tidal
po
wer which can ad
d at le
ast 16.4
9
M
W
power i
n
S
and
wip a
r
ea
giving a
sol
v
ent
eco
nomi
c
al,
so
cial, an
d p
s
ych
o
logi
cal
improvem
ent
in this
regi
onal p
e
rson.
More
over, tidal
power
can generate total 53.19M
W from
different
places of
the country
but still
now no effecti
v
e
effort c
an be s
e
en to pro
duc
e power from this
s
o
urc
e
.
Referen
ces
[1]
W
a
vege
n. Oceans of Po
w
e
r.
Avail
abl
e at:
http://
w
w
w
.
w
a
v
e
gen.co.uk/
. 20
13.
[2]
Solom
on
DJ. F
i
sh
passa
ge
th
roug
h tid
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
a
rrag
e
s.
Energy
T
e
ch
n
o
lo
gy Su
pp
ort
Unit
, H
a
r
w
e
ll,
Contractor'
s
R
eport No
" ET
SU T
I
D 4056, 16
. 1988.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Perspe
ctive a
nd Ch
alleng
e
of Tidal Power in Bangl
ad
esh (Md. Alam
gir Hossai
n
)
7563
[3]
Ren
e
w
a
ble
Gl
oba
l Status
Re
port 2
0
1
3
, RE
N21,
Ren
e
w
a
b
l
e E
nergy
Po
li
cy Netw
ork for
21
st
Ce
ntury
.
Avail
abl
e at http:
// w
w
w
.
ren21.net/gsr.
[4]
Sajid Hq Amit. Bangla
d
e
sh Gr
o
w
t
h
Re
port 20
13,
[5]
AH Mond
ol. Implicati
ons of
rene
w
a
b
l
e e
n
e
r
g
y
tec
hno
lo
gi
es in the Ba
n
g
la
desh
po
w
e
r
sector: Lon
g
term plan
nin
g
strategies. Doc
t
oral Diss
e
rtati
on,
Rhe
i
nisc
he
n F
r
iedric
h-W
i
l
hel
ms-U
niv
e
rsi
t
at.
, 2010.
[6]
Nisha K
u
mar K
u
lkar
ni. Solar E
nerg
y
i
n
Ban
g
l
ades
h.
Search
l
i
ght
, South Asi
a
. 2011.
[7]
Bang
lad
e
sh Po
w
e
r Dev
e
lo
pm
ent Board
(BP
D
B). 2011. http
://
w
w
w
.
bp
db.g
o
v.bd/bp
db/.
[8]
Dr F
ahmi
da
Khatun.
CPD-
CMI Rese
arch
Col
l
oq
ui
um.
F
D
I in the E
nergy
an
d Po
w
e
r Sector
in
Bang
lad
e
sh: R
e
visitin
g
Pol
i
ci
es and C
ontri
b
u
tion, Dh
aka. 2
013.
[9]
Bang
lad
e
sh
po
w
e
r Dev
e
l
opm
ent Boar
d (2
01
2) an
d
*Outli
ne
Perspectiv
e
Pl
an of Ba
ng
lad
e
sh 2
0
l0-
2
1
(201
0). http://
w
w
w
.
b
p
db.g
o
v.b
d
/bpd
b/.
[10]
Ltd., (Nova
Sc
otia) IEEE
Sta
ndar
d
519-
19
9
2
. Rec
o
mmen
d
ed
practic
e
s a
n
d
re
quir
e
me
nts for h
a
rmo
nic
control i
n
electr
ical p
o
w
e
r s
y
st
ems.
T
he Institute of Electric
a
l
and El
ectroni
cs Engin
eers
. 199
3.
[11]
T
h
;
Green Op
timistic. W
o
rld'
s Bigg
est T
i
dal Po
w
e
r Pl
an
t Opene
d in
South K
o
rea.
Avail
abl
e at
:
http://
w
w
w
.
gieenoptimis tic.com//3l/082
01
1
k
orea-
big
gest-tidal-
p
o
w
e
r-p
la
nt/.
[12]
T
he Korea
T
i
mes. Incheo
n to
Hous
e Lar
ge
st
T
i
dal Po
w
e
r Pla
n
t. Avail
abl
e at:
http://
w
w
w
.
kor
eatimes.co.kr/
www
/
n
e
w
s/
biz/
123/0
1
/20
l
0_.
5
94l
2html.
[13]
MR Has
an, MJ
I Razan, MS S
hahr
iar, RS Isl
a
m,
SM F
e
rdo
u
s. Nucl
ear
po
w
e
r-an
in
evita
b
le
opti
on fo
r
most vuln
era
b
l
e
co
untries
fro
m
the p
e
rsp
e
c
t
ive of e
n
vir
o
n
m
ental
de
gra
d
a
tion.
J
ourn
a
l of
Sel
e
cted
Areas in R
ene
w
able Ener
gy
. In press.
[14]
BIWT
A. Bangl
ades
h T
i
de
T
ables,
De
part
m
ent of Hydrogr
aphy
, Ban
g
l
a
d
e
sh Inla
nd
w
a
t
e
r T
r
ansport
Authorit
y of Dh
aka, Bang
la
de
sh. 1999.
[15]
SE Ben El
gh
a
li, MEH Ben
b
ouzi
d
, JF
Cha
r
penti
e
r.
Marin
e
tida
l curre
nt electric p
o
w
e
r gen
eratio
n
techno
lo
g
y
: State of t
he art
and curr
ent status.
Electric Machi
nes & Drives Conf
erenc
e
, IEMDC '07.
IEEE Internatio
nal (Vo
l
ume: 2)
. 2007; 14
07-1
412
[16]
F
r
aenke
l
PL. T
i
dal curr
ent en
e
r
g
y
tec
hno
lo
gie
s
”. Ibis. 2006; 148: 14
5-1
51.
[17]
Google maps, available at: https://maps
.google.com.bd/maps?q:
sand
w
i
p%20
banglades
h.
[18]
Br
y
a
ns AG, F
o
x B, Cr
ossle
y
PA aid
O'
Malle
y M.
Impact
of tidal
ge
nerati
o
n on
po
w
e
r s
y
s
t
em oper
atio
n
in Irela
nd.
IEEE Transactions
on Power System
s
. 2
005; 2
0
34-2
040.
[19]
D Nassir
y
, D
W
heel
er. A green v
enture f
u
nd to fi
n
ance
clea
n techn
o
l
o
g
y
for
dev
elo
p
i
ng co
untries
.
center for Glob
al Dev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
W
o
rking.
201
1; 245.
[20]
S Subb
arao, B
Llo
y
d. C
an th
e clea
n d
e
vel
o
pment mech
an
ism (CDM) de
li
ver?.
Ener
gy Policy
. 20
11
;
39(3).
[21]
S Mishra, SK
Sing
al, DK
Kh
atod. Susta
i
n
a
b
le
en
erg
y
de
velo
pment b
y
small h
y
dro
p
o
w
e
r
w
i
t
h
C
D
M
ben
efits in Indi
a.
Internatio
nal
Journa
l of Ambie
n
t Energy
. 2
011; 32(
2): 103
-110.
[22]
S Ahmad, MZ
AA Kadir, S
Shafie. C
u
rre
n
t
pers
pectiv
e
of the re
ne
w
a
ble
en
erg
y
d
e
v
elo
p
ment i
n
Mala
ysi
a
. Ren
e
w
a
ble a
nd Su
staina
ble E
ner
g
y
R
e
vi
e
w
s. 20
11; 75(2): 8
97-
904.
[23]
“T
idal Energ
y
and its pros
pect in Ba
ngl
ades
h” A thes
is superv
i
sed
b
y
Dr. F
a
rse
e
m Mann
a
n
Mohamm
e
d
y
,
Dept. of Elec
trical an
d El
e
c
tronic En
gin
e
e
rin
g
(EEE), Bang
lad
e
sh
U
n
iversit
y
of
Engi
neer
in
g an
d T
e
chnolo
g
y
(
B
UET
)
.
[24]
Bang
lad
e
sh Inl
and W
a
ter
T
r
a
n
sport Author
ity (BIWT
A
).
De
partment of Hydrogr
aphy
, tida
l range ta
b
l
e
,
Bang
lad
e
sh. 2
013.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.