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o
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ee
cs.ia
esco
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co
m
Ev
a
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tion o
f
o
ne of leading
Indo
n
esia
’s digita
l wall
et
using
the
unified
theory
of
a
cceptance and
u
se o
f
te
chno
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g
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Na
t
a
lia
L
im
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a
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e
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n J
o
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dy
a
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f
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rm
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y
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s,
Bin
a
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sa
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tara
Un
i
v
e
rsity
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k
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d
o
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Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
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RAC
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ticle
his
to
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y:
R
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eiv
ed
May
11
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2
0
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1
R
ev
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7
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2
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ted
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In
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sia
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s
m
o
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p
o
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lar
d
ig
i
tal
wa
ll
e
ts.
Re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
in
th
is
st
u
d
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n
g
e
in
a
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o
m
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o
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e
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v
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d
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e
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th
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n
ifi
e
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ry
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f
a
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c
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p
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c
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a
n
d
u
ti
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z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(UTAU
T)
p
a
ra
d
ig
m
to
a
ss
e
ss
th
e
u
se
o
f
th
is
d
i
g
it
a
l
wa
ll
e
t.
Th
is
UT
AU
T
m
o
d
e
l
c
o
m
p
rise
s
fo
u
r
late
n
t
v
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les
th
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t
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ffe
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t
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ra
l
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ti
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(BI)
a
n
d
u
se
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e
h
a
v
io
r
(UB):
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
e
x
p
e
c
tan
c
y
(P
E),
e
ff
o
rt
e
x
p
e
c
tan
c
y
(EE
)
,
so
c
ial
in
fl
u
e
n
c
e
(S
I),
a
n
d
fa
c
il
it
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ti
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g
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o
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d
it
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s
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C)
.
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t
h
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th
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UTAU
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d
with
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:
p
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(
P
R)
a
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d
p
r
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m
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ti
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n
a
l
b
e
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e
fit
s
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B).
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c
o
rd
in
g
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o
th
e
fin
d
i
n
g
s,
p
e
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rm
a
n
c
e
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p
e
c
tan
c
y
,
so
c
ial
in
flu
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
risk
a
ll
h
a
v
e
a
n
im
p
a
c
t
o
n
b
e
h
a
v
io
ra
l
in
ten
ti
o
n
,
w
h
e
re
a
s
e
ffo
rt
e
x
p
e
c
tan
c
y
h
a
s
a
les
s
imp
a
c
t.
F
u
rth
e
rm
o
re
,
th
e
fa
c
to
rs
fa
c
il
it
a
ti
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
p
r
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m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
b
e
n
e
fit
s
h
a
v
e
a
m
in
o
r
imp
a
c
t
o
n
u
se
b
e
h
a
v
io
r,
wh
e
re
a
s
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
ra
l
in
ten
ti
o
n
fa
c
to
rs
h
a
v
e
a
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
b
l
e
im
p
a
c
t
o
n
u
se
b
e
h
a
v
io
r.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dig
ital w
allet
PLS
-
SEM
UT
AUT
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Nata
lia
L
im
an
tar
a
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Sy
s
tem
s
Dep
ar
tm
en
t,
Sch
o
o
l
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Sy
s
tem
s
B
in
a
Nu
s
an
tar
a
Un
iv
er
s
ity
J
L
.
K.
H.
Sy
ah
d
an
N
o
.
9
,
Kem
an
g
g
is
an
,
Pal
m
er
a
h
,
J
ak
ar
ta,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail: n
lim
an
tar
a@
b
in
u
s
.
ed
u
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
o
d
ay
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
is
alm
o
s
t
in
s
ep
ar
ab
le
f
r
o
m
ev
er
y
asp
ec
t
o
f
h
u
m
an
life
.
Fr
o
m
s
im
p
le
th
in
g
s
to
co
m
p
licated
th
i
n
g
s
,
ev
er
y
th
in
g
will
in
ter
s
ec
t
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Ov
er
tim
e,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tin
u
es
to
ev
o
lv
e
with
th
e
tim
es.
I
t
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
d
en
ied
th
at
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
an
m
ak
e
h
u
m
an
life
ea
s
ier
b
y
m
a
k
in
g
d
aily
wo
r
k
f
aster
an
d
m
o
r
e
co
n
cise.
On
e
o
cc
f
th
em
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
f
in
an
cial
s
ec
to
r
.
T
h
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
m
o
n
ey
r
ef
lects
th
e
r
ap
id
g
r
o
wth
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
f
in
an
cial
s
ec
to
r
.
B
ased
o
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
B
a
n
k
I
n
d
o
n
esia
[
1
]
,
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
m
o
n
e
y
cir
cu
latin
g
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
4
2
.
7
%
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
8
to
2
0
1
9
.
T
h
is
is
in
lin
e
w
ith
a
r
e
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
Vis
a
wh
ich
s
tated
th
at
7
6
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
I
n
d
o
n
esia
s
tated
th
at
th
ey
c
o
u
ld
m
ak
e
n
o
n
-
ca
s
h
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
f
o
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
an
d
4
7
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
tated
th
at
th
ey
ca
n
d
o
n
o
n
-
ca
s
h
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
f
o
r
3
d
a
y
s
[
2
]
.
T
h
is
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
is
th
e
h
ig
h
est in
So
u
th
ea
s
t A
s
ia.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
a
d
ictio
n
is
th
at,
a
f
ter
C
h
in
a
an
d
I
n
d
ia,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
as
th
e
wo
r
ld
'
s
th
ir
d
b
ig
g
est
u
n
b
an
k
ed
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
with
th
e
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
th
em
liv
i
n
g
i
n
r
u
r
al
a
r
ea
s
.
E
v
en
n
o
w,
1
4
p
er
ce
n
t
o
f
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
s
ales
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
ar
e
p
ai
d
in
ca
s
h
.
W
ith
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
,
s
tar
tu
p
co
m
p
a
n
ies
in
th
e
f
in
an
cial
s
ec
to
r
h
a
v
e
m
a
n
y
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
d
ev
elo
p
.
Fin
t
ec
h
s
er
v
ices
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
f
o
r
o
n
lin
e
an
d
o
f
f
lin
e
tr
an
s
ac
t
io
n
s
u
s
in
g
o
n
ly
o
n
e
p
latf
o
r
m
,
n
am
ely
th
e
d
ig
ital w
allet
ap
p
licatio
n
.
A
d
ig
ital
wallet
is
a
p
ay
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
th
at
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
p
h
y
s
ical
wallet
in
to
elec
tr
o
n
ic
o
n
es,
allo
win
g
u
s
er
s
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
elec
tr
o
n
ic
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
u
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
p
ay
m
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f o
n
e
o
f le
a
d
i
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
esia
’
s
d
i
g
ita
l wa
l
let
u
s
in
g
th
e
u
n
ified
th
eo
r
y
o
f…
(
N
a
ta
lia
Lima
n
ta
r
a
)
1037
d
eb
it
ca
r
d
s
,
cr
ed
it
ca
r
d
s
,
l
o
y
alty
ca
r
d
s
,
an
d
b
a
n
k
ac
co
u
n
ts
[
3
]
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
a
u
to
m
atica
lly
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
f
o
r
u
s
er
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
s
av
e
s
tim
e.
Dig
i
tal
wallets
g
en
er
ally
u
s
e
QR
C
o
d
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
r
Nea
r
Field
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
as
3
8
d
ig
ital
wallets
th
at
ar
e
o
f
f
icially
licen
s
ed
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
em
ar
e
Go
p
ay
,
OVO,
L
in
k
Aja,
DANA
,
Go
M
o
b
ile,
DOKU
,
an
d
i.sak
u
.
Go
Mo
b
ile
an
d
i.sak
u
ar
e
ex
am
p
les
o
f
d
ig
ital
wall
ets
is
s
u
ed
b
y
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
a
n
k
s
wh
er
e
th
e
d
ig
ital
walle
t
ac
co
u
n
t
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
ac
co
u
n
t
at
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
b
an
k
.
Go
-
Pay
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia's
f
ir
s
t
d
ec
ac
o
r
n
b
u
s
in
ess
Go
-
J
ek
,
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
d
ig
ital
wallet
s
o
f
twar
e
in
th
e
co
u
n
t
r
y
.
OVO
is
an
e
x
am
p
le
o
f
a
d
ig
ital
wallet
th
a
t
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
p
ay
m
en
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
o
f
f
li
n
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
at
OVO'
s
d
ev
elo
p
er
'
s
b
u
s
in
ess
es.
DANA
,
b
ein
g
a
n
ewc
o
m
er
to
e
-
wallet
ap
p
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
q
u
ick
ly
s
h
o
wn
its
co
m
m
itm
e
n
t
t
o
b
ec
o
m
e
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
'
s
f
ir
s
t
e
-
w
allet
ap
p
licatio
n
.
“DA
NA”
m
ea
n
s
f
u
n
d
s
i
n
E
n
g
l
is
h
.
DANA
was
o
f
f
icially
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
o
n
Ma
r
ch
2
1
,
2
0
1
8
,
w
h
ich
is
a
s
u
b
s
id
iar
y
o
f
E
MT
E
K
an
d
An
t
Fin
an
cia
l.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
d
ata
f
r
o
m
Ap
p
An
n
ie,
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
ar
te
r
o
f
2
0
1
9
,
DANA
r
an
k
ed
t
h
ir
d
in
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
[
4
]
.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
[
5
]
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
s
p
ee
d
wer
e
th
e
two
m
ain
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
e
-
wallet
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
W
ith
DANA
a
s
a
n
ew
d
ig
ital
wallet
p
lay
er
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
th
e
au
th
o
r
wis
h
e
s
to
o
b
tain
a
d
ee
p
er
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
,
u
s
e,
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
DANA
d
ig
ital
wallet
u
s
er
s
b
y
I
n
d
o
n
esian
s
liv
in
g
in
J
av
a
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
u
n
if
ie
d
th
eo
r
y
o
f
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
s
e
m
o
d
el
(
UT
AU
T
)
.
In
[
6
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
th
eo
r
y
i
n
2
0
0
3
to
id
en
tify
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
a
n
aly
ze
u
s
er
b
eh
av
io
r
b
ased
o
n
f
o
u
r
(
f
o
u
r
)
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tals
:
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
,
ef
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tan
cy
,
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
elec
ted
th
e
UT
AUT
m
o
d
el
b
ec
au
s
e
it
was
cr
ea
ted
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
th
e
d
o
m
in
atin
g
f
u
n
d
am
en
tals
o
f
th
e
p
r
io
r
m
o
d
el
o
f
h
u
m
an
b
e
h
av
io
r
with
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
UT
AUT
's
b
asic
m
o
d
el
ca
n
ex
p
lain
7
0
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
le
in
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
te
n
tio
n
an
d
5
0
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
s
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
is
th
at
m
an
y
UT
AUT
s
tu
d
ies
d
o
n
o
t
u
s
e
m
o
d
er
at
o
r
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
as
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
d
e
v
elo
p
er
s
o
r
o
th
e
r
p
ar
ties
en
ter
in
g
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esi
an
d
i
g
ital
wallet
m
ar
k
et
to
p
ay
atten
tio
n
t
o
th
e
elem
en
ts
t
h
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
t
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
will
n
o
w
b
e
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
ar
t
will
g
o
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
esear
c
h
m
eth
o
d
s
,
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
els,
an
d
d
ata
co
llectio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
f
o
l
lo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
will
g
o
o
v
er
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
with
p
ar
tial
least
s
q
u
ar
es
(
PLS
-
SEM
)
.
A
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
will
b
e
in
clu
d
e
d
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
is
ar
ticle.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
UT
AUT
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
e
d
in
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
to
d
e
te
r
m
in
e
t
h
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
th
at
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
D
ANA
u
s
er
ac
c
ep
ta
n
c
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
e
d
P
L
S
-
S
E
M
as a
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
d
at
a
a
n
al
y
s
is
.
Q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
es
ar
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
te
d
to
DAN
A’
s
u
s
e
r
s
wh
o
li
v
e
i
n
J
a
v
a
I
s
la
n
d
,
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
wit
h
a
n
a
g
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
1
5
t
o
4
4
y
ea
r
s
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
ed
u
s
i
n
g
g
o
o
g
l
e
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
i
n
g
J
av
a
I
s
la
n
d
is
b
ec
au
s
e
5
6
%
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esi
a'
s
p
o
p
u
l
ati
o
n
li
v
es
o
n
t
h
i
s
is
l
an
d
[
7
]
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
d
i
g
i
tal
wa
lle
t
u
s
e
r
s
a
r
e
li
v
i
n
g
i
n
th
is
is
la
n
d
.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
,
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
i
n
t
er
n
e
t
u
s
e
i
n
J
a
v
a
is
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
,
n
am
e
ly
5
5
.
7
%
.
I
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
ag
e,
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
b
et
we
en
t
h
e
a
g
es
o
f
1
5
an
d
4
4
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
i
n
te
r
n
e
t
p
e
n
e
tr
ati
o
n
r
at
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
a
b
o
v
e
5
0
%.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
u
n
i
f
i
ed
th
e
o
r
y
o
f
ac
ce
p
ta
n
c
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
UT
A
U
T
)
M
o
d
e
l
est
ab
lis
h
e
d
b
y
[
6
]
w
as
u
t
ili
ze
d
as
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
'
s
r
esea
r
c
h
m
o
d
e
l
in
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
i
n
cl
u
d
es
f
o
u
r
v
ar
ia
b
l
es:
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
x
p
e
cta
ti
o
n
,
ef
f
o
r
t
e
x
p
ec
t
ati
o
n
,
s
o
cia
l
in
f
l
u
en
ce
,
a
n
d
f
ac
il
ita
ti
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
ese
f
o
u
r
ch
ar
ac
t
e
r
is
ti
cs
h
a
v
e
an
im
p
a
ct
o
n
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
al
i
n
te
n
t
io
n
an
d
u
s
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
.
A
u
t
h
o
r
s
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
UT
AU
T
m
o
d
el
s
i
n
c
e
i
t
h
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ele
v
an
t
v
a
r
i
ab
les
t
o
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
'
s
r
ese
ar
ch
.
U
T
A
U
T
i
s
a
l
r
e
a
d
y
b
e
i
n
g
u
s
e
d
t
o
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
m
o
b
i
l
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
u
s
a
g
e
[
8
]
,
m
o
b
i
l
e
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
n
c
e
[
9
]
,
m
o
b
i
le
p
a
y
m
en
t
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
[
1
0
]
,
a
n
d
p
r
ed
ict
io
n
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
-
b
as
ed
s
h
o
p
p
i
n
g
ap
p
l
ic
ati
o
n
u
s
ag
e
[
1
1
]
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
l
ea
r
n
m
o
r
e
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
b
eh
av
io
r
a
l
in
te
n
ti
o
n
a
n
d
u
s
e
b
eh
av
io
r
,
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
in
c
lu
d
es
tw
o
n
ew
v
ar
ia
b
l
es:
p
er
ce
i
v
e
d
r
is
k
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
ti
o
n
al
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
.
C
h
e
n
[
1
0
]
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
p
er
ce
i
v
e
d
r
is
k
is
a
f
a
ct
o
r
t
h
a
t
d
ir
ec
t
ly
af
f
e
cts
u
s
e
r
ac
ce
p
t
an
ce
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
m
o
b
il
e
p
a
y
m
e
n
ts
.
P
a
v
l
o
u
[
1
1
]
w
h
o
i
n
te
g
r
a
te
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
r
is
k
wit
h
U
T
AU
T
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
p
e
r
c
ei
v
e
d
r
is
k
w
as
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
ly
r
el
ate
d
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
t
en
ti
o
n
to
t
r
a
n
s
a
ct
(
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
in
t
en
t
i
o
n
)
.
Ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
C
h
e
n
[
1
0
]
,
p
e
r
c
ei
v
e
d
r
is
k
is
t
h
e
l
e
v
el
o
f
a
u
s
e
r
'
s
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
a
r
is
k
i
n
a
s
y
s
t
em
.
M
ea
n
w
h
il
e,
T
a
k
a
n
d
Pan
war
[
1
2
]
a
r
g
u
es
t
h
at
u
s
er
s
en
s
iti
v
i
ty
to
p
r
o
m
o
ti
o
n
al
b
e
n
ef
i
ts
h
as
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
e
f
f
e
ct
o
n
u
s
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
.
B
ase
d
o
n
Ma
d
an
a
n
d
Ya
d
a
v
[
1
3
]
,
p
r
o
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
ca
n
b
e
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
s
u
c
h
as
c
as
h
r
e
wa
r
d
s
,
c
o
u
p
o
n
s
,
d
is
c
o
u
n
t,
an
d
lo
y
a
lt
y
p
o
i
n
ts
.
T
h
is
v
a
r
ia
b
le
c
an
b
e
a
n
e
w
v
a
r
i
ab
le
i
n
th
e
U
T
AU
T
m
o
d
e
l
in
t
h
e
co
n
t
ex
t
o
f
d
i
g
i
tal
wal
l
ets.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
e
d
i
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
a
b
l
e
1
d
is
p
la
y
s
th
e
d
e
f
i
n
it
io
n
s
o
f
e
ac
h
v
a
r
i
a
b
le
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
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n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
0
3
6
-
1
0
4
6
1038
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
(
Au
th
o
r
’
s
R
esear
ch
)
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
m
o
d
el
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
h
y
p
o
th
eses
,
n
a
m
e
ly
:
H1
:
Pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
ex
p
ec
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a
g
e
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
u
s
e
r
s
o
f
4
7
.
6
%
.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
y
o
u
g
e
t
o
l
d
e
r
,
t
h
e
s
m
a
l
l
e
r
th
e
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
u
s
e
r
s
w
h
o
a
r
e
i
n
t
h
a
t
a
g
e
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
.
M
e
a
n
w
h
i
le
,
i
n
t
h
e
5
-
9
y
e
a
r
a
g
e
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
,
o
n
l
y
2
5
.
2
%
o
f
t
h
e
t
o
t
al
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
es
th
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
.
4
.
2
.
S
a
m
p
le
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
ly
,
DAN
A
h
as
3
0
m
ill
i
o
n
r
e
g
is
te
r
e
d
u
s
e
r
s
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
es
i
a
[
1
6
]
.
H
o
we
v
e
r
,
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
r
e
p
r
ese
n
t
3
0
m
ill
io
n
u
s
er
s
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
u
s
e
t
h
e
Sl
o
v
in
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
t
o
d
et
er
m
in
e
t
h
e
lo
west
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
a
m
p
les
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
ets
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
to
le
r
a
n
c
e
li
m
i
t
at
5
%.
S
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
o
b
ta
in
ed
is
4
0
0
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
c
o
l
le
cte
d
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
er
e
4
9
6
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
.
5.
DATA AN
AL
Y
SI
S
5
.
1
.
De
mo
g
r
a
ph
i
c
o
f
re
s
p
o
n
dents
Qu
es
ti
o
n
n
ai
r
es
w
e
r
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
4
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
9
to
1
0
N
o
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
1
9
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
d
at
a
o
f
4
9
6
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
b
as
ed
o
n
ag
e.
Mo
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
we
r
e
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
a
g
es
o
f
2
0
an
d
2
4
(
3
6
3
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
)
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
d
ata
o
f
4
9
6
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
ei
r
a
g
e
,
w
h
i
c
h
is
th
e
r
e
s
u
lt
o
f
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
'
s
o
n
li
n
e
q
u
es
ti
o
n
n
a
ir
e.
Of
t
h
e
4
9
6
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
q
u
est
io
n
n
a
ir
es
w
er
e
f
ill
ed
i
n
b
y
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
a
g
e
d
20
-
2
4
y
e
ar
s
,
w
it
h
a
t
o
t
al
o
f
3
6
3
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
l
ar
g
es
t
a
g
e
c
ate
g
o
r
y
is
th
e
a
g
e
ca
t
e
g
o
r
y
o
f
1
5
-
1
9
y
e
ar
s
,
wi
th
a
t
o
ta
l
o
f
6
6
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
la
r
g
est
a
g
e
c
ate
g
o
r
y
is
t
h
e
a
g
e
c
at
eg
o
r
y
o
f
2
5
-
2
9
y
e
a
r
s
,
wit
h
a
to
t
al
o
f
4
3
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
ta
k
es
d
at
a
f
r
o
m
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
a
r
e
i
n
th
e
ag
e
ca
t
e
g
o
r
y
o
f
1
5
-
1
9
y
ea
r
s
to
40
-
4
4
y
ea
r
s
b
e
ca
u
s
e
t
h
at
a
g
e
ca
t
eg
o
r
y
h
as
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
5
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
to
tal
p
o
p
u
l
ati
o
n
in
t
h
a
t
ag
e
ca
t
e
g
o
r
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
u
n
d
e
r
1
5
y
ea
r
s
o
f
a
g
e
we
r
e
n
o
t
u
s
e
r
s
o
f
DANA
,
s
o
t
h
o
s
e
u
n
d
e
r
1
5
y
e
ar
s
o
f
a
g
e
w
er
e
n
o
t
r
e
p
r
ese
n
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
l
y
r
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
t
h
e
a
g
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
1
5
to
4
4
y
e
a
r
s
.
B
ased
o
n
g
e
n
d
er
,
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
w
er
e
d
i
v
i
d
ed
in
to
t
wo
ca
t
e
g
o
r
ies
,
n
a
m
el
y
m
al
e
a
n
d
f
e
m
a
le
.
I
t
c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
at
o
f
th
e
4
9
6
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
o
b
t
ai
n
e
d
,
5
6
%
we
r
e
m
al
e
a
n
d
4
4
%
w
er
e
f
e
m
a
le
.
O
f
th
e
4
9
6
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
es
t
io
n
n
ai
r
es
we
r
e
f
i
lle
d
o
u
t
b
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
li
v
e
d
in
J
a
k
a
r
t
a,
w
it
h
a
p
e
r
ce
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
5
3
%
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
h
as
a
s
c
o
p
e
o
n
l
y
i
n
J
av
a,
s
o
th
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
o
n
ly
ta
k
e
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
a
r
e
d
o
m
ic
ile
d
i
n
J
av
a.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
b
ased
o
n
a
g
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
5
.
2
.
M
ea
s
u
re
ment
mo
del
T
o
ass
ess
t
h
e
r
e
lia
b
i
lit
y
a
n
d
v
a
lid
it
y
o
f
th
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
,
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
(
o
u
te
r
m
o
d
el
)
is
e
v
a
lu
ate
d
.
T
h
e
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
test
in
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
wi
th
r
e
f
le
cte
d
i
n
d
ic
ati
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n
s
is
p
e
r
f
o
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m
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d
b
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am
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n
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n
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i
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d
ica
to
r
r
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ab
ilit
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a
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d
i
n
t
er
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al
c
o
n
s
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s
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c
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r
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a
b
il
it
y
.
Me
a
n
w
h
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t
h
e
v
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d
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ty
test
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n
c
lu
d
es
b
o
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co
n
v
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t
a
n
d
d
is
c
r
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m
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n
a
n
t
v
ali
d
it
y
[1
7]
.
I
f
ea
c
h
i
n
d
ic
at
o
r
h
as
a
n
o
u
te
r
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a
d
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v
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r
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at
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a
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0
.
7
,
t
h
is
is
a
g
o
o
d
in
d
i
ca
t
o
r
r
el
ia
b
il
it
y
test
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
el
ia
b
il
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
ic
at
o
r
its
el
f
r
e
f
le
cts
th
e
p
r
o
p
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r
ti
o
n
o
f
in
d
i
ca
to
r
v
a
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i
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n
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d
esc
r
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b
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y
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h
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a
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ab
les
w
h
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s
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v
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r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
es
ts
th
at
t
h
e
in
d
i
ca
ti
o
n
wit
h
a
c
lo
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e
r
o
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te
r
l
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d
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g
v
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e
t
o
1
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as
a
v
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r
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t
t
h
a
t
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b
et
te
r
e
x
p
lai
n
e
d
b
y
its
v
a
r
ia
b
l
e
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
5
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24
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No
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2
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er
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Fu
r
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r
m
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ac
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d
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t
o
[
1
9
]
,
a
n
i
n
d
ica
ti
o
n
w
it
h
an
o
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te
r
lo
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d
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a
r
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v
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it
m
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i
r
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w
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cr
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(
A
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v
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it
v
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M
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o
u
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o
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4
m
u
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im
i
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r
ig
h
t
a
wa
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T
h
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a
r
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th
r
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e
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d
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at
o
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n
t
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f
i
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p
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ase
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h
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0
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7
,
n
a
m
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y
FC
4
(
I
n
m
y
o
p
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n
i
o
n
,
DANA
is
c
u
r
r
e
n
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ly
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n
g
u
s
e
d
b
y
m
a
n
y
m
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c
h
a
n
ts
)
,
PB
2
(
I
p
r
e
f
er
to
m
a
k
e
p
u
r
c
h
as
es
wh
e
n
t
h
er
e
a
r
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p
r
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m
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ti
o
n
al
o
f
f
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r
s
f
r
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m
DANA
)
,
a
n
d
SI
4
(
I
will
u
s
e
D
ANA
i
f
i
t
is
al
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y
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d
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y
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d
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y
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m
m
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t
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0
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6
4
8
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6
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2
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n
d
0
.
4
5
7
.
B
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s
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v
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f
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e
in
d
i
ca
to
r
s
is
b
el
o
w
th
e
v
alu
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
b
y
[
1
9
]
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
d
el
ete
t
h
es
e
in
d
i
ca
t
o
r
s
.
C
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ica
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
in
ten
t
io
n
to
u
s
e
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices a
s
a
p
ay
m
en
t m
ed
iu
m
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
ital w
allet
s
elim
in
ates th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
n
ey
an
d
b
a
n
k
tr
an
s
f
e
r
s
,
s
o
p
ay
m
e
n
ts
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital w
allets m
ak
e
it f
aster
an
d
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
to
m
ak
e
p
ay
m
en
ts
.
6
.
2
.
E
f
f
o
rt
ex
pect
a
ncy
o
n b
eha
v
io
ra
l int
e
ntio
n
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
ef
f
o
r
t
e
x
p
ec
tan
c
y
(
E
E
)
v
a
r
iab
le
h
as
n
o
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
B
I
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
i
s
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
w
ith
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
b
y
[
2
3
]
,
wh
ich
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
ef
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tan
cy
h
as
n
o
af
f
ec
t
o
n
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
in
t
en
tio
n
.
T
h
e
n
e
g
lig
ib
le
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
E
E
v
ar
ia
b
le
an
d
th
e
B
I
v
ar
iab
le
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
ef
f
o
r
t
to
u
s
e
a
s
y
s
tem
is
n
o
t
a
f
ac
to
r
in
s
o
m
eo
n
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
DANA
d
ig
ital
wallet.
6
.
3
.
So
ci
a
l
influence
o
n beh
a
v
io
ra
l int
ent
io
n
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
r
esu
lts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
(
SI)
v
a
r
iab
le
h
as
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
B
I
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
is
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
y
b
y
[
2
4
]
w
h
ich
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
h
as
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
,
im
p
ly
i
n
g
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
p
ay
atten
tio
n
to
co
n
tex
tu
al
elem
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
th
eir
f
r
ien
d
s
'
o
p
in
io
n
s
,
wh
ich
in
f
lu
en
c
e
th
eir
u
s
e
o
f
in
ter
n
et
b
an
k
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
SI
v
a
r
iab
le
an
d
th
e
B
I
v
ar
ia
b
le
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
d
icate
s
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
u
s
e
th
e
DANA
d
ig
ital w
allet
ar
e
also
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
cial
s
itu
atio
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
th
em
.
6
.
4
.
F
a
cilit
a
t
ing
c
o
nd
it
io
ns
o
n us
e
beha
v
io
r
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
r
esu
lts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
f
ac
i
litatin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
FC
)
v
ar
ia
b
le
h
as
an
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
UB
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
UT
AUT
m
o
d
el,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
n
u
s
e
b
eh
av
io
r
b
ec
o
m
es
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
o
n
ly
wh
en
a
g
e
an
d
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
m
o
d
er
at
o
r
s
,
wh
ich
is
o
n
ly
r
elev
an
t
f
o
r
o
ld
er
wo
r
k
er
s
in
l
ater
s
tag
es
o
f
th
eir
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
s
tu
d
y
b
y
[
2
4
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
en
ab
lin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
h
ad
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
u
s
ag
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
,
im
p
ly
in
g
th
at
r
esear
ch
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
ar
e
u
n
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
s
u
ch
as
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
FC
v
ar
iab
le
to
war
d
s
u
s
e
b
eh
av
io
r
(
UB
)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
ar
e
u
s
er
s
o
f
th
e
DANA
d
ig
ital
wa
llet
d
o
n
o
t
p
ay
atten
tio
n
to
th
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
em
i
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
DANA
d
ig
ital w
allet.
6
.
5
.
P
er
ce
iv
ed
risk
o
n beha
v
io
ra
l int
ent
i
on
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
t
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
r
is
k
(
PR
)
v
ar
iab
le
h
as
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
B
I
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
co
n
tr
ad
ict
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
f
[
2
5
]
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
C
h
in
a
an
d
r
ev
iew
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
Alip
ay
in
u
s
er
s
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
awa
r
en
ess
as
a
co
n
tex
t
with
th
e
UT
AUT
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
tates
th
at
p
er
ce
iv
ed
r
is
k
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
in
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
B
I
.
T
h
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
v
er
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
h
o
ws
th
at
Alip
ay
u
s
er
s
s
till
th
in
k
Alip
ay
is
n
o
t
a
s
af
e
p
ay
m
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
,
s
o
t
h
at
f
u
r
th
e
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
in
s
y
s
tem
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
ac
co
u
n
t
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
Alip
ay
'
s
p
ay
m
e
n
t
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f o
n
e
o
f le
a
d
i
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
esia
’
s
d
i
g
ita
l wa
l
let
u
s
in
g
th
e
u
n
ified
th
eo
r
y
o
f…
(
N
a
ta
lia
Lima
n
ta
r
a
)
1043
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
r
is
k
an
d
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
in
ten
ti
o
n
in
d
icate
s
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
b
eliev
e
th
e
DANA
d
ig
ital w
allet
h
as a
g
o
o
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
m
p
t
s
th
em
to
u
tili
ze
th
e
DANA
d
ig
ital w
allet.
6
.
6
.
P
ro
mo
t
io
na
l
benef
it
s
o
n us
e
beha
v
io
r
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
in
d
icate
th
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
b
e
n
ef
its
(
PB
)
v
ar
iab
le
h
as
an
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
UB
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
tr
ad
ict
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
[
11]
,
wh
ich
claim
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
in
ce
n
tiv
es
h
a
v
e
a
m
ajo
r
im
p
ac
t
o
n
u
s
ag
e
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
.
T
h
e
i
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
a
s
s
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
b
e
n
ef
its
an
d
u
s
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
d
ic
ates
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
b
en
ef
it
s
h
ad
n
o
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
u
s
e
o
f
DANA
.
W
h
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t
th
e
r
e
ar
e
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
DAN
A,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
will
co
n
tin
u
e
to
u
s
e
an
d
t
r
an
s
ac
t w
ith
DANA
.
6
.
7
.
B
eha
v
io
r
a
l
inte
ntio
n o
n us
e
beha
v
io
r
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
r
esu
lts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
B
I
v
ar
iab
le
h
as
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
UB
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
also
r
e
v
ea
ls
th
at
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
h
as
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
u
s
ag
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
im
p
ly
in
g
th
at
o
n
lin
e
b
an
k
in
g
u
s
er
s
u
s
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
if
th
ey
wan
t
to
u
s
e
it
[
2
4
]
.
A
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
lin
k
with
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
to
u
s
e
b
eh
av
io
r
was
d
is
co
v
er
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
D
ANA
d
ig
ital
wallet
u
s
er
s
wh
o
p
lan
to
u
s
e
DANA
will u
s
e
th
e
d
ig
ital w
allet
to
m
a
k
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
c
o
n
d
u
cted
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
r
e
ar
e
t
h
r
ee
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
h
av
e
a
less
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t,
n
am
ely
ef
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tan
cy
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
b
en
e
f
its
.
E
f
f
o
r
t
a
n
ticip
atio
n
h
as
less
o
f
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
t
en
tio
n
b
u
t
e
n
ab
lin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
b
en
e
f
its
h
av
e
less
o
f
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
u
s
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
A
d
esig
n
t
h
a
t
is
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
wh
en
d
esig
n
in
g
a
n
ap
p
licatio
n
.
W
ith
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
n
av
ig
atio
n
o
f
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
th
at
is
s
im
p
le
an
d
ea
s
y
t
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
q
u
ick
ly
an
d
ea
s
ily
lear
n
to
u
s
e
an
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
DANA
alr
ea
d
y
h
as
a
g
o
o
d
a
p
p
licatio
n
d
esig
n
,
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
its
d
esig
n
th
at
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
lack
o
f
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
ef
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tan
cy
v
a
r
iab
le
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
u
n
f
am
iliar
ity
o
f
u
s
er
s
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital
wallet
-
ty
p
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as DA
NA.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
lack
o
f
ef
f
e
ct
o
f
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
n
u
s
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
ca
n
b
e
af
f
e
cted
b
y
th
e
in
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
d
ev
ice
with
DANA
ap
p
licatio
n
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
th
e
s
ize
o
f
DANA
ap
p
o
n
th
e
Go
o
g
le
Play
Sto
r
e
is
4
4
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Su
p
p
o
s
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ly
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th
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h
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ld
n
o
t
b
e
a
p
r
o
b
l
em
f
o
r
its
u
s
er
s
.
Giv
en
th
at
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es
o
r
o
th
er
d
ev
ices
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
h
a
v
e
at
leas
t
8
GB
o
f
i
n
ter
n
al
m
e
m
o
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y
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eq
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iv
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t
to
8
,
0
0
0
MB.
E
v
e
n
s
o
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
s
till
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
b
esid
es
th
e
in
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ices
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
n
o
t
af
f
ec
tin
g
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
war
d
s
u
s
e
b
eh
av
io
r
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Su
ch
as
an
o
u
td
ated
v
e
r
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
a
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
o
n
th
e
d
ev
ice,
o
r
b
r
o
k
e
n
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
r
d
ev
ices
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
u
s
in
g
DANA
o
n
th
e
d
e
v
ice.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
n
o
t
m
an
y
m
er
ch
an
ts
wh
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
p
ay
m
en
t
o
f
DANA
u
s
e
al
s
o
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
lack
o
f
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
n
u
s
e
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
lack
o
f
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
b
e
n
ef
its
o
n
u
s
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
ac
tu
ally
s
h
o
ws
th
e
lo
y
alty
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
in
u
s
in
g
DA
NA.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
d
id
n
o
t
p
ay
atten
tio
n
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
s
th
at
DANA
h
ad
wh
en
th
ey
wan
ted
to
u
s
e
o
r
m
ak
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
o
n
DANA
.
T
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
i
s
lo
y
alty
,
wh
ich
is
also
r
elate
d
to
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
DANA
ca
n
co
llab
o
r
ate
wi
th
m
o
r
e
m
er
ch
an
ts
s
o
th
at
u
s
er
s
ca
n
alwa
y
s
u
s
e
DANA
an
d
m
ak
e
it th
e
m
ai
n
p
ay
m
en
t m
eth
o
d
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
v
ar
iab
le
with
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
SI2
in
d
icato
r
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
e,
am
o
u
n
tin
g
to
0
.
8
9
5
,
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
e
o
p
le
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
to
b
etter
u
s
e
DANA
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
DA
NA
to
in
teg
r
ate
its
s
er
v
ices
in
to
m
ess
ag
in
g
ap
p
licat
io
n
s
s
u
ch
as
L
I
NE
o
r
W
h
a
ts
Ap
p
,
s
o
th
at
th
ey
ca
n
s
h
ar
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
er
v
ices
o
f
f
er
e
d
b
y
DANA
,
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
ca
s
h
b
ac
k
o
r
d
is
co
u
n
ts
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
er
v
ice
in
teg
r
atio
n
is
s
o
th
at
th
e
cl
o
s
est
p
eo
p
le
w
h
o
a
r
e
o
f
ten
co
n
tacte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
o
cial
ap
p
licatio
n
ca
n
b
en
e
f
it
f
r
o
m
a
n
d
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
u
s
in
g
DANA
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
ca
n
also
b
e
ap
p
lied
m
o
r
e
b
r
o
ad
ly
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
f
o
r
m
o
n
ey
tr
an
s
f
er
f
ea
tu
r
es,
g
am
if
icatio
n
s
u
ch
as
DANA
K
a
g
et
(
s
h
o
ck
ed
)
,
an
d
o
t
h
er
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
ca
n
ad
d
v
alu
e
to
th
e
s
o
cial
f
ac
t
o
r
o
f
u
s
in
g
DANA
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ex
p
ec
tan
cy
also
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
i
n
d
icato
r
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
o
u
ter
lo
a
d
in
g
v
alu
e
is
PE2
o
f
0
.
8
3
8
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
u
s
ef
u
l
DANA
is
f
o
r
ev
er
y
d
a
y
life
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
t
h
e
DANA
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
ca
s
e
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
DANA
f
o
r
d
aily
p
ay
m
e
n
ts
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le
f
o
r
h
ig
h
way
p
a
y
m
en
ts
,
p
u
b
lic
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
an
d
r
id
e
-
h
ailin
g
.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
s
im
ilar
s
er
v
ices
s
u
ch
as
Go
Pay
an
d
OVO,
th
e
two
DANA
co
m
p
etito
r
s
alr
ea
d
y
h
av
e
a
u
s
e
ca
s
e
f
o
r
r
id
e
-
h
ailin
g
.
Go
Pay
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
a
y
f
o
r
Go
R
id
e
o
n
th
e
Go
jek
ap
p
licatio
n
,
an
d
OVO
ca
n
alr
ea
d
y
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
ay
f
o
r
Gr
ab
B
ik
e
in
t
h
e
Gr
ab
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
f
o
r
DANA
to
ad
d
a
r
id
e
-
h
ailin
g
u
s
e
ca
s
e
to
m
ak
e
it
m
o
r
e
u
s
ef
u
l
in
th
e
d
aily
life
o
f
its
u
s
er
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
DANA
is
also
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
co
o
p
er
atio
n
with
m
er
ch
an
ts
,
b
e
it
r
estau
r
an
ts
,
ca
n
teen
s
,
o
r
s
h
o
p
s
th
at
h
av
e
h
ig
h
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
v
alu
es
an
d
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
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4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
0
3
6
-
1
0
4
6
1044
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
v
is
ited
b
y
DANA
u
s
er
s
.
B
y
f
u
r
th
er
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
u
s
ef
u
l
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
DANA
i
n
th
e
ey
es
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
it is
h
o
p
ed
th
at
DANA
will a
ls
o
b
e
ab
le
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
f
o
r
DANA
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
p
er
c
eiv
ed
r
is
k
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
PR
3
in
d
icato
r
wh
ich
d
i
s
cu
s
s
es
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
eir
DANA
ac
co
u
n
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
will
n
o
t
b
e
ex
p
o
s
ed
,
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
8
8
0
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
d
r
aws
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
th
at
PR
3
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
in
d
icato
r
in
r
e
f
lectin
g
th
e
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
r
is
k
v
ar
ia
b
le.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
DANA
to
f
u
r
th
er
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
g
u
ar
an
tees
an
d
th
e
latest
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
ed
b
y
DANA
in
p
r
o
t
ec
tin
g
u
s
er
ac
co
u
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
DANA
Pro
t
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
ca
n
also
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
ass
u
r
e
u
s
e
r
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
th
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
f
i
n
an
c
ial
d
ata.
Oth
er
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
ca
n
ass
u
r
e
u
s
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
DANA
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
ch
as
2
4
/7
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
er
v
ice
,
an
d
th
e
latest
in
u
s
er
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
,
ca
n
also
b
e
ad
v
er
tis
ed
an
d
s
o
cialize
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
u
s
er
tr
u
s
t.
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
r
elate
d
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
DANA
d
ig
ital
wallet,
s
ev
er
al
th
in
g
s
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
clu
d
ed
as
f
o
l
lo
ws.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
th
at
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
h
as
d
o
n
e
h
a
v
e
m
et
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
.
T
h
is
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
o
u
ter
l
o
a
d
in
g
,
AVE
,
cr
o
s
s
lo
a
d
in
g
s
,
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
,
v
ar
iab
le
th
at
af
f
ec
ts
B
I
ar
e
PE,
S
I
,
an
d
PR
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
E
E
h
as les
s
ef
f
ec
t o
n
th
e
B
I
f
ac
to
r
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
UB
v
ar
iab
le,
FC
an
d
PB
f
ac
to
r
s
h
ad
less
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
UB
f
ac
to
r
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
B
I
f
ac
to
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
e
UB
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
B
I
an
d
U
B
v
ar
iab
les
is
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
th
at
h
as
th
e
m
o
s
t sig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
alu
e,
n
a
m
ely
0
.
6
9
5
.
T
h
is
is
in
lin
e
wit
h
th
e
UT
AUT
m
o
d
el
th
eo
r
y
wh
ich
s
tates
th
at
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
in
te
n
tio
n
h
as
a
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
u
s
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
W
h
en
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
ar
ia
b
les,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
h
av
e
a
less
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
e
f
f
ec
t,
n
am
el
y
:
E
E
o
n
B
I
;
F
C
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
UB
v
ar
iab
le;
an
d
PB
o
n
th
e
UB
.
T
h
is
is
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
e
f
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tan
cy
v
a
r
iab
le
o
n
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
te
n
tio
n
wh
ich
h
as
a
v
alu
e
o
f
1
.
1
9
9
<1
.
9
6
,
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
FC
f
o
r
UB
with
a
v
al
u
e
0
,
7
9
5
<
1
,
9
6
.
Fro
m
th
ese
r
esu
lts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
wh
ich
f
ac
to
r
s
h
av
e
an
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
t
h
e
B
eh
av
io
r
a
l
I
n
ten
tio
n
an
d
Use
B
eh
av
io
r
o
f
DANA
u
s
er
s
in
J
av
a.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as in
p
u
t f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
an
d
o
th
e
r
p
ar
ties
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
e
-
wallets in
I
n
d
o
n
esia in
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
th
e
ir
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
DANA
d
ig
ital
wa
llet.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
les
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
ar
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
x
p
ec
tan
cy
,
ef
f
o
r
t
ex
p
e
ctan
cy
,
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
e
r
ce
i
v
ed
r
is
k
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
b
e
n
ef
its
.
Fo
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
u
g
g
est
r
esear
ch
in
g
m
o
r
e
laten
t
v
ar
iab
les
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
laten
t
v
ar
i
ab
les
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
As
in
th
e
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
b
en
ef
its
v
ar
iab
le,
th
e
au
th
o
r
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
to
b
e
in
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
r
ea
l
ity
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
b
en
e
f
its
h
av
e
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
u
s
e
b
eh
av
io
r
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
if
th
e
DANA
d
ig
ital
wallet
h
o
ld
s
a
p
r
o
m
o
,
th
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
u
s
er
s
wh
o
ar
e
willi
n
g
to
q
u
eu
e
to
b
u
y
g
o
o
d
s
at
p
r
o
m
o
p
r
ices.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
h
o
p
es
th
at
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
esear
ch
ca
n
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
c
es
th
at
o
cc
u
r
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
an
d
th
e
r
ea
lity
o
f
t
h
e
f
ield
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
“
P
a
y
m
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
S
tatist
ics
.
”
[On
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
ww
w.b
i.
g
o
.
id
/i
d
/
sta
ti
sti
k
/ek
o
n
o
m
i
-
k
e
u
a
n
g
a
n
/ssp
/
u
a
n
g
-
e
lek
tro
n
i
k
-
j
u
m
lah
.
a
sp
x
[Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
1
0
-
De
c
-
2
0
2
0
].
[2
]
Visa
,
“
Rise
o
f
th
e
Dig
it
a
ll
y
En
g
a
g
e
d
Co
n
su
m
e
r,
”
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
N.
Ab
d
u
ll
a
h
,
F
.
Re
d
z
u
a
n
,
a
n
d
N.
Az
iah
Da
u
d
,
“
E
-
wa
ll
e
t:
fa
c
to
rs
in
fl
u
e
n
c
in
g
u
se
r
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
t
o
wa
rd
s
c
a
sh
les
s
so
c
iety
i
n
M
a
lay
sia
a
m
o
n
g
p
u
b
l
i
c
u
n
i
v
e
rsiti
e
s,”
In
d
o
n
e
s.
J
.
E
lec
tr.
En
g
.
C
o
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
6
7
,
Oc
t.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jee
c
s.v
2
0
.
i
1
.
p
p
6
7
-
7
4
.
[4
]
V.
D.
De
v
it
a
,
“
Wh
o
is
th
e
E
-
wa
ll
e
t
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
with
t
h
e
M
o
st
Us
e
rs
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
?
,
”
2
0
2
0
.
[O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/i
p
rice
.
c
o
.
id
/
tren
d
/
in
si
g
h
ts/
e
-
wa
ll
e
t
-
terb
a
ik
-
di
-
i
n
d
o
n
e
sia
/
[Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
1
0
-
De
c
-
2
0
2
0
].
[5
]
M
.
Na
b
il
a
,
B.
P
u
rwa
n
d
a
ri,
B.
A.
A.
Na
z
ief,
D.
A.
Ch
a
li
d
,
S
.
S
.
Wi
b
o
w
o
,
a
n
d
I.
S
o
li
c
h
a
h
,
“
F
i
n
a
n
c
ial
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Ac
c
e
p
tan
c
e
F
a
c
to
rs
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
Wa
ll
e
t
a
n
d
Dig
it
a
l
Ca
sh
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
in
2
0
1
8
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
(ICIT
S
I)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
2
8
4
-
2
8
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ICI
TS
I.
2
0
1
8
.
8
6
9
6
0
9
1
.
[6
]
Ve
n
k
a
tes
h
,
M
o
rris,
a
n
d
Da
v
is
“
Us
e
r
Ac
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
:
T
o
wa
rd
a
Un
ifi
e
d
Vie
w,”
M
IS
Q.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
4
2
5
,
2
0
0
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
3
0
7
/3
0
0
3
6
5
4
0
.
[7
]
V.
B.
Ku
sn
a
n
d
a
r,
“
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
stil
l
c
o
n
c
e
n
trate
d
o
n
th
e
islan
d
o
f
Ja
v
a
,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
s:/
/d
a
tab
o
k
s.
k
a
tad
a
ta.co
.
i
d
/d
a
t
a
p
u
b
l
ish
/2
0
1
9
/
0
7
/
2
4
/
p
e
n
d
u
d
u
k
-
in
d
o
n
e
sia
-
m
a
sih
-
terk
o
n
se
n
tras
i
-
di
-
p
u
lau
-
jaw
a
#
:~
:t
e
x
t=Men
u
ru
t
p
r
o
y
e
k
si p
e
n
d
u
d
u
k
In
d
o
n
e
sia
(2
0
1
5
,
5
6
%
2
5
b
e
ra
d
a
d
i
P
u
lau
Ja
wa
.
[Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
1
0
-
De
c
-
2
0
2
0
]
.
[8
]
J.
K.
P
a
rk
,
S
.
J.
Ya
n
g
,
a
n
d
X.
Leh
to
,
“
A
d
o
p
t
io
n
o
f
M
o
b
il
e
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
fo
r
Ch
i
n
e
se
Co
n
su
m
e
r
s,”
J
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Co
mm
e
r.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
6
-
2
0
6
,
2
0
0
7
.
[9
]
Q.
M
i
n
,
S
.
Ji,
a
n
d
G
.
Qu
,
“
M
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
e
rc
e
u
se
r
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
stu
d
y
i
n
C
h
i
n
a
:
A
re
v
ise
d
UTAU
T
m
o
d
e
l,
”
T
sin
g
h
u
a
S
c
i.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
7
-
2
6
4
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/S
1
0
0
7
-
0
2
1
4
(
0
8
)
7
0
0
4
2
-
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f o
n
e
o
f le
a
d
i
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
esia
’
s
d
i
g
ita
l wa
l
let
u
s
in
g
th
e
u
n
ified
th
eo
r
y
o
f…
(
N
a
ta
lia
Lima
n
ta
r
a
)
1045
[1
0
]
L.
d
a
Ch
e
n
,
“
A
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
c
o
n
su
m
e
r
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
p
a
y
m
e
n
t,
”
In
t.
J
.
M
o
b
.
C
o
mm
u
n
.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
3
2
,
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
5
0
4
/IJ
M
C.
2
0
0
8
.
0
1
5
9
9
7
.
[1
1
]
P
.
A.
P
a
v
lo
u
,
“
Co
n
s
u
m
e
r
Ac
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Co
m
m
e
rc
e
:
I
n
teg
ra
ti
n
g
Tru
st
a
n
d
Risk
with
t
h
e
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Ac
c
e
p
tan
c
e
M
o
d
e
l,
”
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
mm
e
r.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
-
1
3
4
,
A
p
r.
2
0
0
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
0
8
6
4
4
1
5
.
2
0
0
3
.
1
1
0
4
4
2
7
5
.
[1
2
]
P
.
Tak
a
n
d
S
.
P
a
n
wa
r,
“
Us
in
g
U
TAUT
2
m
o
d
e
l
to
p
re
d
ict
m
o
b
il
e
a
p
p
b
a
se
d
sh
o
p
p
in
g
:
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
s
fro
m
In
d
ia,”
J
.
In
d
i
a
n
Bu
s.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
4
8
-
2
6
4
,
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g
.
2
0
1
7
,
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o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
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-
11
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0
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6
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0
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3
2
.
[1
3
]
K.
M
a
d
a
n
a
n
d
R.
Ya
d
a
v
,
“
Be
h
a
v
io
u
ra
l
in
ten
ti
o
n
to
a
d
o
p
t
m
o
b
il
e
wa
ll
e
t:
a
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
y
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
J
.
In
d
i
a
n
Bu
s.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
2
7
-
2
4
4
,
Au
g
.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/JIBR
-
10
-
2
0
1
5
-
0
1
1
2
.
[1
4
]
N.
S
o
b
t
i,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
d
e
m
o
n
e
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
o
n
d
i
ffu
si
o
n
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
se
rv
ice
in
In
d
ia,”
J
.
Ad
v
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
7
2
-
4
9
7
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/JAMR
-
09
-
2
0
1
8
-
0
0
8
6
.
[1
5
]
As
so
c
iatio
n
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
S
e
rv
ice
P
ro
v
id
e
r,
“
Re
su
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
0
1
8
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
In
tern
e
t
Us
e
r
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
n
d
P
e
n
e
tratio
n
S
u
rv
e
y
,
”
2
0
1
8
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:
//
ww
w.ap
ji
i.
o
r.
id
/co
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d
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9
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0
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sil
-
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u
rv
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i
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n
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tras
i
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g
g
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tern
e
t
-
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
-
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
M
.
Walfa
jri
,
“
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
DA
NA
u
se
rs
h
a
s
in
c
re
a
se
d
to
3
0
m
il
l
io
n
u
se
rs,”
h
tt
p
s://ke
u
a
n
g
a
n
.
k
o
n
t
a
n
.
c
o
.
id
/
,
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
k
e
u
a
n
g
a
n
.
k
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tan
.
c
o
.
id
/
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e
ws
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u
m
lah
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g
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n
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h
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m
e
n
jad
i
-
30
-
j
u
ta
-
u
se
r.
[1
7
]
J.
F
.
Ha
ir
Jr,
M
.
S
a
rste
d
t
,
L
.
H
o
p
k
in
s,
a
n
d
V.
G
.
Ku
p
p
e
lwies
e
r,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
lea
st
sq
u
a
re
s
str
u
c
tu
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
(P
LS
-
S
E
M
),
”
Eu
r
.
Bu
s
.
Rev
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
-
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2
1
,
M
a
r.
2
0
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4
,
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o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/E
BR
-
10
-
2
0
1
3
-
0
1
2
8
.
[1
8
]
M
.
R.
Ab
Ha
m
id
,
W.
S
a
m
i,
a
n
d
M
.
H.
M
o
h
m
a
d
S
id
e
k
,
“
Disc
rimin
a
n
t
Va
li
d
it
y
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t:
Us
e
o
f
F
o
rn
e
ll
&
a
m
p
;
Larc
k
e
r
c
rit
e
rio
n
v
e
rsu
s
HTM
T
Crit
e
rio
n
,
”
J
.
Ph
y
s.
C
o
n
f.
S
e
r.
,
v
o
l.
8
9
0
,
p
.
0
1
2
1
6
3
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/1
7
4
2
-
6
5
9
6
/
8
9
0
/1
/
0
1
2
1
6
3
.
[1
9
]
J.
F
.
Ha
ir,
C.
M
.
R
in
g
le,
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
rste
d
t,
“
P
LS
-
S
E
M
:
I
n
d
e
e
d
a
S
il
v
e
r
B
u
ll
e
t,
”
J
.
M
a
rk
.
T
h
e
o
ry
Pra
c
t.
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
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5
2
,
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r.
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
7
5
3
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T
P
1
0
6
9
-
6
6
7
9
1
9
0
2
0
2
.
[2
0
]
K.
K.
Wo
n
g
,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
Lea
st
S
q
u
a
re
s
S
tru
c
tu
ra
l
Eq
u
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
in
g
(
P
LS
-
S
EM
)
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
Us
in
g
S
m
a
rtP
LS
,
”
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
2
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
1
]
C.
Kim
,
M
.
M
iru
sm
o
n
o
v
,
a
n
d
I
.
Lee
,
“
An
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
e
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
fa
c
to
rs
in
flu
e
n
c
in
g
th
e
in
te
n
ti
o
n
to
u
se
m
o
b
il
e
p
a
y
m
e
n
t,
”
Co
m
p
u
t
.
Hu
m
a
n
Be
h
a
v
.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
1
0
-
3
2
2
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
c
h
b
.
2
0
0
9
.
1
0
.
0
1
3
.
[2
2
]
P
.
G
.
S
c
h
ierz
,
O.
S
c
h
il
k
e
,
a
n
d
B
.
W.
Wi
rtz,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
c
o
n
su
m
e
r
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
se
rv
ice
s:
An
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis,”
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Co
mm
e
r.
Res
.
Ap
p
l.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
-
2
1
6
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
lera
p
.
2
0
0
9
.
0
7
.
0
0
5
.
[2
3
]
R.
M
a
d
i
g
a
n
,
T.
Lo
u
w,
M
.
W
il
b
ri
n
k
,
A.
S
c
h
ieb
e
n
,
a
n
d
N.
M
e
ra
t,
“
Wh
a
t
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
s
t
h
e
d
e
c
isio
n
t
o
u
se
a
u
t
o
m
a
ted
p
u
b
li
c
tran
sp
o
rt?
Us
in
g
UTAU
T
to
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
p
u
b
li
c
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
a
u
to
m
a
ted
r
o
a
d
tran
sp
o
rt
sy
s
tem
s,”
T
ra
n
sp
.
Res
.
Pa
rt F
T
ra
ff
ic P
sy
c
h
o
l.
Beh
a
v
.
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
p
p
.
5
5
-
6
4
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
trf.
2
0
1
7
.
0
7
.
0
0
7
.
[2
4
]
C.
M
a
rti
n
s,
T.
Oli
v
e
ira,
a
n
d
A.
P
o
p
o
v
ič,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
I
n
tern
e
t
b
a
n
k
in
g
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
:
A
u
n
ifi
e
d
th
e
o
r
y
o
f
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
a
n
d
u
se
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
ris
k
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
I
n
f.
M
a
n
a
g
e
.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
ij
i
n
fo
m
g
t.
2
0
1
3
.
0
6
.
0
0
2
.
[2
5
]
Q.
Ca
o
a
n
d
X
.
Ni
u
,
“
I
n
teg
ra
ti
n
g
c
o
n
tex
t
-
a
wa
re
n
e
ss
a
n
d
UTAU
T
to
e
x
p
lain
Alip
a
y
u
se
r
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
I
n
d
.
Erg
o
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
p
p
.
9
-
1
3
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
rg
o
n
.
2
0
1
8
.
0
9
.
0
0
4
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Na
ta
li
a
Lim
a
n
t
a
r
a
b
e
c
a
m
e
a
l
e
c
tu
re
r
fo
r
th
e
first
ti
m
e
in
2
0
1
2
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s,
Bin
a
Nu
sa
n
tara
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
Na
talia
h
a
s
e
x
p
e
rti
se
in
t
h
e
fiel
d
s
o
f
a
n
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ly
sis
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
i
n
fo
r
m
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
u
se
r
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,
sc
ru
m
,
IT
P
ro
jec
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
d
a
tab
a
s
e
s.
N
a
talia
is
a
lso
a
c
ti
v
e
a
s
a
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
M
a
tt
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r
Ex
p
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d
fa
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IT
P
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m
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t
a
t
BINU
S
CREATE
S
.
J
e
v
a
n
J
o
v
a
n
d
y
is
a
stu
d
e
n
t
in
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s,
BINU
S
Un
iv
e
rsity
.
He
sta
rted
stu
d
y
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
i
n
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is stu
d
ies
in
2
0
2
0
.
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